Solar System and Planets Essay

Table of contents

Our solar system consists of a sun, eight planets, satellites, dwarf planets, asteroids, meteoroids and comets. The eight planets are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. Earlier it had nine planets. However, Pluto, the ninth planet does not meet the latest standards set for the planets. It has now been termed as a dwarf planet thereby increasing the count of the dwarf planets in our solar system to five.

Long and Short Essays on Solar System and Planets in English

Here are long and short essay on solar system and planets in English, to help you with the topic in your exams or essay writing/debate competitions.

After going through these solar system and planets essay, you will know about the formation of solar system, when the planets were discovered, the dwarf planets, satellites and characteristics of individual planets etc.

All in all, these Solar System and Planets Essays will make you familiar with the universe we are a part of, so much so, that you can confidently take part in debates, talk shows and discussions, on our solar system and its planets. Please go through these essays to select your needed ones:

Short Essay on Solar System and Planets (200 words)

The universe is massive. It is much bigger than we can imagine and our solar system is just a small part of it. Our solar system houses a big, bright star called the Sun. The Sun is a rich source of electromagnetic energy that it exudes in the form of light and heat. There are eight planets in our solar system namely, Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. These planets revolve around the sun in a fixed path referred to as the orbit. Several other smaller objects also move around the sun.

Many planets in our solar system have natural satellites called the moon. While Earth has one moon, Mars has two, Neptune has 14 moons, Uranus has 27 moons, Saturn has 62 moons and Jupiter has as many as 79 moons. Even the dwarf planet Pluto has 5 moons. Mercury and Venus, on the other hand, do not have any moon. Just as the planets move around the Sun in a fixed path, moons orbit around their respective planets.

In addition to the Sun, planets and moons, our solar system consists of several other celestial bodies called the comets, asteroids and meteoroids. While our solar system has only one star, many other solar systems are known to have at least two stars.


Essay on Solar System and Planets (300 words)

Introduction

Our solar system was formed billions of years ago. It consists of numerous celestial bodies including planets, satellites, asteroids, comets, meteorites and a massive star. Our solar system forms a part of the Milky Way Galaxy. Various celestial bodies in our solar system revolve around the Sun directly or indirectly.

The Formation of the Solar System

It is believed that around 4.6 billion years ago, the gravitational collapse of a giant interstellar molecular cloud gave shape to our solar system. Major part of the collapsing mass collated at the centre, that formed the Sun. The remaining mass flattened into a proto planetary disk and formed the planets, satellites and other objects in the solar system. Planet Jupiter, the biggest planet in our solar system, contains major chunk of the remaining mass.

Our solar system is believed to have evolved substantially since its inception. Many new moons have come into shape from the gases and dust around the planets. Several collisions among the celestial bodies have also occurred and still continue to occur thereby contributing to the evolution of the solar system.

The Discovery of Planets

For thousands of years astronomers believed that Earth was stationary and formed the centre of the universe. It was in the 18th century that the astronomers accepted that Earth orbits around the Sun.

In 2nd millennium BC, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn were identified by ancient Babylonian astronomers. Later, Nicolaus Copernicus also identified them. Uranus was discovered by famous astronomer, Sir William Herschel in 1781. Neptune was discovered by English astronomer and mathematician, John Couch Adams in the year 1846. It was in the year 1930 that the ninth planet, Pluto was discovered. Astronomer Clyde Tombaugh discovered Pluto which is now identified as a dwarf planet.

Conclusion

The study of the universe and heavenly bodies is one of the most fascinating studies. Through continuous research, astronomers have found out several surprising facts about the universe and our solar system. Our solar system is ever evolving and newer facts are being discovered and studied by researchers year after year.


Essay on Solar System and Planets (400 words)

Introduction

Celestial bodies are objects that naturally occur in the observable universe. These include the stars, natural satellites, planets, asteroids, galaxies, comets and meteorites. Our solar system consists of a Sun, eight planets their moons, five dwarf planets and asteroids among other celestial bodies. Brief information about each of the celestial bodies present in our solar system is given below.

The Sun

The Sun is the only star on our solar system. It is stationary and the other objects in our solar system revolve around it. It is the most massive component of our solar system. Research states that it comprises of 99.86% of the entire mass of our solar system.

The Planets

There are eight planets in the solar system. These are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. The planets have been divided into two groups – Terrestrial Planets and Giant Planets. Planets vary based on their size, geological features, mass, number of satellites and various other factors. No traces of life have been found on any planet apart from Earth.

The Dwarf Planets

There are five dwarf planets in our solar system. These are Pluto, Ceres, Haumea, Eris and Makemake. While Ceres is situated in the asteroid belt others are located in the outer solar system. Dwarf planets are quite like the full size planets. The only difference is that the full size planets have cleared the objects in the area of their orbit whereas the dwarf planets have not.

Astronomers claim that there are six other objects in our solar system that are akin to the dwarf planets. These may be officially recognized as dwarf planets in the times to come.

The Moons

There are a total of 193 moons in our solar system as per a research conducted in the year 2008. Out of these, 185 moons orbit around the full size planets and 8 moons revolve around the dwarf planets. Moons come in various sizes and shapes. They differ from each other in various ways. Most of the moons are airless. However, there are some that have atmosphere. Some even have hidden oceans. Each planet has different number of moons. Earth has just one moon while Jupiter has the highest number of moons. It has a total of 79 moons.  Moons orbit around their respective planets.

Conclusion

In addition to the aforementioned, there are many other celestial bodies in our solar system. These include the Interplanetary Medium, Kuiper Belt, Oort Cloud, asteroids and meteoroids. The Kuiper Belt and Oort Cloud comprise of billions of icy objects. Each celestial body in our solar system is unique with its own set of features.


Essay on Solar System and Planets (500 words)

Introduction

Our Solar System – A Small Part of the Universe

Our solar system is huge but nothing compared to the size of the universe. The universe is humongous and is believed to encompass numerous solar systems consisting of several planets, stars and other heavenly bodies. The universe is all space and time and it is not possible to calculate its spatial size. The size of the observable universe is estimated to be 93 billion light years.

The Galaxies and Solar Systems

Research shows that just like our solar system there are numerous other solar systems in the universe. The universe consists of billions of galaxies. Each of these galaxies has uncountable stars and many of these stars are said to have solar systems of their own. The size of the stars, the number of planets, the geological features of the planets, the number and size of the natural satellites vary from solar system to solar system.

Our solar system is a part of the Milky Way Galaxy. The Milky Way Galaxy is huge. It has more than 100 billion stars. More than 2500 stars with planets orbiting around them have been discovered in the Milky Way Galaxy. The study in this field is going on constantly. There are numerous planetary systems that the scientists and astronomers are yet to discover.

Our Solar System

Our solar system encompasses Sun which is a big ball of fire. Sun is stationary and forms the centre of our solar system. Eight planets namely, Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune revolve around the Sun. Each of these planets move in a fixed path in its own set speed. The geological features of each of these planets are different. While Neptune is freezing cold, Venus is scorching hot. Similarly, while Jupiter is massively big, Mercury is comparatively very small in size. The planet is even smaller than some of the moons in our solar system. The atmosphere of each of the planets is different. Planets have been divided into two groups and the features of the planets within each group also vary vastly.

Earth is the only planet in our solar system which is known to have life. It is filled with vast oceans and gases such as oxygen and nitrogen that render life. Mars is said to share some similarities with Earth. Evidences of ice have been found on the planet. The planet is extremely cold and thus life there seems impossible. However, it is believed that the planet was once wet and warm and life existed here. Astronomers are studying this planet closely and have found many interesting facts about the same. These planets have different numbers of natural satellites.

Apart from this, there are five dwarf planets in our solar system. These are Ceres, Haumea, Makemake, Eris and Pluto. Earlier there were nine planets in our solar system and Pluto was one among them. However, it has now been termed as a dwarf planet.

Conclusion

The Universe is vast and there is a lot to study and discover. Scientists have studied our solar system deeply for centuries and are now moving beyond to study other solar systems and galaxies. A lot of interesting facts about this enchanting universe are likely to surface in the times to come.


Long Essay on Solar System and Planets (600 words)

Introduction

Our solar system consists of eight planets that revolve around the Sun, which is central to our solar system. These planets have broadly been classified into two categories – inner planets and outer planets. There are four inner planets, Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars. The inner planets are closer to the Sun and smaller in size as compared to the outer planets. These are also referred to as the Terrestrial planets. Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune are termed as the outer planets. These are massive in size and are often referred to as Giant planets.

Here is brief information about each of these planets:

Mercury

The smallest planet in our solar system, Mercury is also the closest to the Sun. Its geological features consist of lobed ridges and impact craters. Being closest to the Sun, Mercury’s temperature sores extremely high during the day time. It can go as high as 450 degree Celsius. Surprisingly, the nights here are freezing cold.

Mercury has a diameter of 4,878 km. It does not have any natural satellite.

Venus

Venus is said to be the hottest planet of our solar system. It has a toxic atmosphere that traps heat. It is also the brightest planet and is visible to the naked eye. It has a thick silicate layer around an iron core which is similar to that of Earth. Astronomers have seen traces of internal geological activity on this planet.

Venus has a diameter of 12,104 km. Just like Mars, Venus also does not have any natural satellite.

Earth

Earth is the largest inner planet. Two-third of this planet is covered with water. It is the only planet in our solar system where life is known to exist. Earth’s atmosphere, which is rich in nitrogen and oxygen, makes it fit for the survival of various species of flora and fauna. However, human activities are having negative impact on its atmosphere.

Earth has a diameter of 12,760 km. It has one natural satellite, the moon.

Mars

Mars, the fourth planet from Sun, is often referred to as the Red Planet. The iron oxide present on this planet gives it a reddish appeal. The planet is cold and has geological features similar to that of Earth. This is the reason why it has captured the interest of astronomers like no other planet. Traces of frozen ice caps have been found on the planet.

Mars has a diameter of 6,787 km and two natural satellites.

Jupiter

Jupiter is the largest planet in our solar system. It has a strong magnetic field. It largely consists of helium and hydrogen. It has a Great Red Spot and cloud bands. A giant storm is believed to have raged here for hundreds of years.

Jupiter has a diameter of 139,822 km and has as many as 79 natural satellites.

Saturn

Saturn is known for its ring system. These rings are made of tiny particles of ice and rock. Its atmosphere is quite like that of Jupiter as it is also largely composed of hydrogen and helium.

Saturn has a diameter of 120,500 km. It has 62 natural satellites that are mainly composed of ice.

Uranus

Uranus, the seventh planet from Sun, is the lightest of all the giant, outer planets. It has a blue tint which is because of the presence of Methane in the atmosphere. Its core is colder than the other giant planets. The planet orbits on its side.

Uranus has a diameter of 51,120 km and 27 natural satellites.

Neptune

The last planet in our solar system, Neptune is also the coldest of all. It is around the same size as the Uranus but is much more massive and dense. Neptune’s atmosphere is composed of helium, hydrogen, methane and ammonia. It experiences extremely strong winds. It is the only planet in our solar system which is found by mathematical prediction.

Neptune has a diameter of 49,530 km. It has 14 natural satellites.

Conclusion

Scientists and astronomers have been studying our solar system for centuries and the findings are quite interesting. Various planets that form a part of our solar system have their own unique geological features and are different from each other in several ways.

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Air Pollution Summary 5

Robert Orben once said “There’s so much pollution in the air now that if it weren’t for our lungs there’d be no place to put it all. ” Did one ever think of how much pollution they are breathing in every day? Does one ever realize in what ways they are contributing to air pollution? Air pollution is environmentally a global catastrophe. However, the human population does not have the correct knowledge of how to help the environment from these harmful pollutions. How does the human population help stop contributing to air pollution?

Air pollution is a persistent problem within the United States as well as worldwide. Air pollution is a matter in which human and animal’s lives are lost. According to Columbia Encyclopedia , air pollution is contamination of the air by harmful gases in amounts that are known to endanger the health of humans and animals. Combinations of gasoline, automobile emissions, and burning coals and oils all produce several types of air pollutions. According to Encarta. msn. com , fossil fuel emissions are one of the leading causes of air pollution.

According to Encarta. msn. com, air pollution can come to our environment in the forms of snow and rain as well. Air pollution can harm a human and/or an animal as well as the environment. Corruption of plants, vegetables, aquatic life, humans, and drinking water are all examples of ways air pollution effects the environment. Air pollution causes respiratory diseases, loss in emotions, fatigue, headaches, loss of sense of direction, and decreased control of muscles and visual sharpness. A child’s lungs and the lung’s capacity are much smaller than a grown adult’s.

How does a child react to air pollutants when the child has asthma? Researches Liu, Poon, Chen, Dales, Frescure, Montuschi, Ciabatonni, and Wheeler conducted a study on how air pollutants such as: sulfuric dioxide and nitrogen oxides, effected children with asthma. The conclusion to their study was significant. While there was a noticeable decrease in the airway function of lungs, there was also an increase of damage done to the child’s airway passage. In conclusion, air pollutants are much more potent and harmful to a child with asthma. Pollution to the Earth causes global warming.

According to Encarta. msn. com , global warming is the significant accretion of temperature in the Earth’s atmosphere, oceans, and land. According to Encarta. msn. com , scientists believe Earth is currently experiencing a period of increased, fast warming brought on by increasing levels of greenhouse gases, in the atmosphere. Global warming exists when greenhouse gases trap heat and sun light in the Earth’s atmosphere. According to Thinkquest. org , green house gases include but are not limited to: carbon dioxide, water vapor, nitrous oxide, and methane.

Electrical pollution, when fossil fuels are burned creating energy, is a main source of energy used by humans that causes global warming. veryday fossil fuels are burned to create a source of energy. Therefore, pollution is seeping into the Earth’s atmosphere sickening adults, children, and animals. How can humans attack air pollution? According to Calef and Goble , in 1990 California took its’ approach to zero vehicles on the road that produce vehicle emissions. California Area Resources Board conducted a plan to take all battery operated electric vehicles off the road and replace them with zero emissions vehicles.

Today, zero emissions vehicles are known as hybrid cars. California Area Resources Board wanted to make the plan mandatory and sell only the zero emissions vehicles in a set amount of time. However, oil industries and popular automobile manufacturers brought controversy to this factor. The United States did not mandate the plan or follow through with the zero emissions vehicles plan. Now, in the year of 2009, hybrid cars are on the market. Although hybrid vehicles regularly cost about $5,000. 00 more than a battery operated vehicle, it will help contribute to saving the environment.  There are dozens of other ways to help the environment. Using environmentally safe products for cleaning and killing pests are ways to improve pollution around your home, work, or school. Throwing away cut grass or trees at a local garbage company saves from waste in the yard. An individual can make a recycling bin at home to make it easier to recycle. Picking up after pets is a chore that most individuals cannot somehow manage. However, picking up after pets is a manageable chore and can also help attack air pollution.

Carpooling, walking, or taking public transportation to work, home, shopping, or even school are easy ways to reduce vehicle emissions. Drying laundry on the laundry line outside instead of in a gas operated dryer will help conserve energy and decrease gas pollution. Simple tasks can help the environment, why not start now? (Lastormwater. org 2009) A plan is in desire need to help attack air pollution. In order to conduct a plan to attack air pollution, one must have research air pollution. Identifying sources of air pollution is a good start in order to be able to attack air pollution from those sources.

Talk with school principals, city council, and representatives with the government about the plan. Because knowledge of air pollution and its effects is rare, develop an educational curriculum in which children will be able to put the attack into action. Develop a presentation for adults about the severity of air pollution and how the adults can contribute to helping. Speak with teachers and parents about the educational curriculum in which the children will be learning about attacking air pollution. Schedule dates and times that one can be available to the school in order to present the educational curriculum about air pollution.

Schedule dates and times that one can be available to the city council in order to present the information to the adults. Pass out flyers to local businesses, schools, and homes about both programs. Present all information to both students and adults at all scheduled times. Firstly, I will research information on air pollution, its sources, and all effects to the environment, humans, and animals. Next, I will develop an educational curriculum for both students and adults. Then I will speak with all school principals, the city council, and the government in order to get my plan permitted. I will then speak with teachers and parents to educate hem on the benefits of the educational curriculum about air pollution. Next, I will schedule dates and times that is convenient for me, the city council, and the school’s teachers to present the information. I will speak with the local newspaper in order to get my flyers passed out with the newspapers for each time that I am going to present the information at the city council. I will present all information to both students at schools and the adults at the city council at all scheduled times. Finally, I will conduct a website which will provide all the information that I have conducted and presented.

In conclusion to my website, I will make myself available to any school, function, or city council that would like to have me as a guest to present my information. Researching information on air pollution, the sources of air pollution, and the effects of air pollution will be conducted from months one to five. During month’s two to three, I will develop an educational curriculum for both students and adults. Also during month’s two to three, I will speak with all necessary authority in order to get my plan permitted. During month three, I will speak with teachers and parents about the benefits of my educational curriculum.

During month four, I will schedule dates and times for my information to be presented to both the city council and the schools in my county. I will also speak with the local newspaper during month four in order to get permission to distribute a flyer included in the newspaper about all scheduled dates and times that I will be holding a presentation. During month five, I will present all information that I have conducted at that specific point. Also during month five, I will establish a website that will hold all the information I have conducted.

Students and adults both will benefit from my plan. As said in the above information, people from all around the world are unaware of the effects of air pollution. Presenting this information will help them better understand how air pollution is harming our environment, humans, and the animals that live in our environment. Presenting this information will also put a start to learning more about air pollution. Some teachers may like to include the effects of air pollution and how we can attack air pollution in their own daily or weekly educational curriculum.

During month five of my plan, I will be concluding to the conduction of my website that I am available to present my information at any school, function, or city council conference. I am hoping to get a response from my conclusion in order to get the word out about air pollution. Challenges may be an issue before being able to present my information. I may not be permitted by schools to present my information to their students. Parents and teachers may not agree with the education curriculum that I have developed. City council may not see air pollution as a problem to our environment.

Individuals may not ask me to participate as a speaker at any functions, schools, or city council conferences. However, I will continue to attempt to get my word out on air pollution if this may occur. In order to have success from my plan on how to attack air pollution, I will need government, global, and our society’s support. The government will also need to troubleshoot the effects of air pollution as well as how to attack air pollution. Globally, individuals should participate in helping to attack air pollution. Globally, individuals should take notice to my plan and establish a plan to present information in their own communities.

Society should face the facts about the consequences of air pollution and take in the information on how to attack air pollution. In conclusion the above information, air pollution, again, is a global catastrophe. It has harmed and killed many species of animals. It has also caused humans and animals illnesses. Our environment is screaming for our help, for we are the only ones who can help. The environment cannot do this on its own.

References

  1. Quotationspage. com. (2007). Quotation Details. Retrieved on May 14th, 2009 from http://www. quotationspage. com/quote/1033. tml
  2. Columbia Encyclopedia. (2008). Air Pollution. Retrieved on April 18th, 2009 from http://plus. aol. com/aol/reference/airpollu/air_pollution? flv=1 Encarta. msn. com.
  3. (2009). Air Pollution. Retrieved on April 18th, 2009 from http://encarta. msn. com/encyclopedia_761577413/air_pollution. html
  4. Liu, L. , Poon, R. , Chen, L. , Frescura, A. M. , Montuschi, P. , Ciabatonni, G. , Wheeler, A. , Dales, R. (2009). Acute Effects of Air Pollution on Pulmonary Function, Airway Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress in Asthmatic Children. Environmental Health Perspectives, 117(4), 668-674.
  5. Thinkquest. org. (2002). Global Warming. Retrieved on April 18th, 2009 from http://library. thinkquest. org/CR0215471/global_warming. htm
  6. Calef, D. , Goble, R. (2007). The Allure of Technology: How France and California Promoted Electric and Hybrid Vehicles to Reduce Urban Air Pollution. Policy Sciences, 40(1), 1-34.
  7. Physorg. com. (2009). Hybrid Cars Pros and Cons. Retrieved on May 14th, 2009 from http://www. physorg. com/news10031. html
  8. Lastormwater. org. (2009). How You Can Help. Retrieved on May 14, 2009 from http://www. lastormwater. org/Siteorg/residents/howucnhp. html

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How Global Warming Effect the Environment

Charlotte Chiero Wk: 8 Assignment: Project 1-Research Project Global Warming Westwood College Global Warming is an increase in the Earth’s temperature that is caused by gases, chemicals, and heat trapped or introduced into the Earth’s atmosphere causing temperatures to increase. Everyone here on earth is responsible for Global Warming; it is something that we all are responsible for, instead of pointing the finger at each other we need to start working on a solution to slow down the warming effect in our country or world. If we do not become more educated on how we our destroying the world there will be nothing left.

Global Warming has become so bad that we cannot tell the difference between seasons and this is because of the damage that we have done to our earth resources. To understand the Global Warming effect we need to comprehend what man has done to this world first we have destroyed our trees and not planting new ones exposing the earth to all kinds of unsafe elements. This is called deforestation. So why are we doing this. According to the National Geographic this is for agriculture farmers cut forests to provide more room for planting crops or grazing livestock.

Often many small farmers will each clear a few acres to feed their families by cutting down trees and burning them in a process known as “slash and burn” agriculture. Logging operations, which provide the world’s wood and paper products, also cut countless trees each year. Forests are also cut as a result of growing urban sprawl. Deforestation has many negative effects on the environment. The most dramatic impact is a loss of habitat for millions of species. Seventy percent of Earth’s land animals and plants live in forests, and many cannot survive the deforestation that destroys their homes.

In addition deforestation also drives climate change. Forest soils are moist, but without protection from sun-blocking tree cover they quickly dry out. Trees also help perpetuate the water cycle by returning water vapor back into the atmosphere. Without trees to fill these roles, many former forest lands can quickly become barren deserts. Removing trees deprives the forest of portions of its canopy, which blocks the sun’s rays during the day and holds in heat at night. This disruption leads to more extreme temperatures swings that can be harmful to plants and animals.

Further more trees also play a critical role in absorbing the greenhouse gases that fuel global warming. Fewer forests mean larger amounts of greenhouse gases entering the atmosphere and increased speed and severity of global warming. The quickest solution to deforestation would be to simply stop cutting down trees. A more workable solution is to carefully manage forest resources by eliminating clear-cutting to make sure that forest environments remain intact. The cutting that does occur should be balanced by the planting of enough young trees to replace the older ones felled in any given forest.

What we have to remember is that not all deforestation is intentional. Some is caused by a combination of human and natural factors like wildfires and subsequent overgrazing, which may prevent the growth of young trees. We have also, introduced chemicals in the atmosphere that is destroying our ozone layers. Trying to find solutions to problems like this will take all of us to work together all over the world to slow down the hothouse effects. As I mentioned early this is why we need our trees to help filter out all these harmful chemicals that our world is exposed to.

Some of these chemicals are electricity from coal burning power plants releases enormous amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. According to Planet Save 40% of U. S. CO2 emissions come from electricity production, and burning coal accounts for 93% of emissions from the electric utility industry. Every day, more electric gadgets flood the market, and without widespread alternative energy sources, we are highly dependent on burning coal for our personal and commercial electrical supply.

Another is in the last half of the 20th Century; the use of chemical fertilizers (as opposed to the historical use of animal manure) has risen dramatically. The high rate of application of nitrogen-rich fertilizers has effects on the heat storage of cropland (nitrogen oxides have 300 times more heat-trapping capacity per unit of volume than carbon dioxide) and the run-off of excess fertilizers creates ‘dead-zones’ in our oceans. In addition to these effects, high nitrate levels in groundwater due to over-fertilization are cause for concern for human health. References: Planet Save. (n. d. ). Retrieved September 20, 2012, from Planet Save:

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The Issue of Global Warming in the World

Global Warming is an issue that the World has been dealing with for many decades. I really did not understand about Global Warming until I enrolled in a Meteorology class at American Public University, and it was then that I was introduced to the issue of Global Warming, and the damage that is happening to our World. Global Warming refers to the gradual warming of global average temperatures due to the slow increase concentrations of greenhouses gases, primarily carbon dioxide.

Burning of fossil fuels traps the heat in the atmosphere making the earth warmer. The signs of climate change are everywhere. Temperatures are warmer, snow melts earlier, and birds do not fly as far south for the winter as they once did. Giant ice sheets are melting and oceans are rising. If our planet continues to warm, because of greenhouse effects there can be more storms, flooding, droughts, heat waves, and it will begin to effect the eco system and some of our plants and animals face the danger of extinction.

The Federal Agencies and Cabinet Departments that are most important in determining the existence and causes of climate change are The EPA also known as the Environmental Protection Agency, The Department of Energy, The NOAA also known as National Oceanic Administration, The United States Department of Agriculture also deals with Weather and Climate. Weather is one of the key factors affecting prospects for crop production and commodity prices.

In 1978 the World Board and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration formed the Joint Agricultural Weather Facility (JAWF). The Joint Agricultural Weather Facility is housed at the Department of Agriculture, and it monitors the weather and then makes an assessment how the changing weather will impact crops around the world. Regular briefings by experts on the Board are an important source of information for United States Department of Agriculture commodity forecasters as well as for the Secretary of Agriculture and other top officials at the Department.

The Climate Change Program Office (CCPO) operates within the Office of the Chief Economist and functions as the Department-wide coordinator of agriculture, rural and forestry-related global change program and policy issues facing USDA. The Office ensures that United States Department of Agriculture is a source of objective, analytical assessments of the effects of climate change and proposed response strategies. The Office also serves as USDA’s focal point for climate change issues and is responsible for coordinating activities ith other Federal agencies, interacting with the legislative branch on climate change issues affecting agriculture and forestry, and representing USDA on U. S. delegations to international climate change discussions. Working together all of these agencies ensure that climate changes will be discussed and formulate and execute plans and policies dealing with the current situations of climate issues. http://www. c2es. org/docUploads/FederalGovernmentLeadershiponAdaptation_Nov2010. pdf http://www. usda. gov/oce/weather/index. htm http://www. usda. gov/oce/climate_change/

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Essay on How to Prevent and Stop Climate Change

Table of contents

Climate change is the historical change in the pattern of average seasonal conditions. These changes are generally studied by dividing the history of the Earth over long periods. This change in climatic conditions can also be natural and the result of human activities. Population growth, unabated use of water, indiscriminate deforestation, etc. are included in human causes.

The greenhouse effect and are considered to be the result of human actions, which is the result of the increase in the amount of gases from the industries like carbon dioxide, etc. released by humans after the industrial revolution. Scientists have been constantly warning about the dangers of climate change.

Long and Short Essay on How to Prevent and Stop Climate Change in English

Following are some long and short essay on how to prevent and stop climate change in several word limits for the help of students and to encourage them to be aware of the those are observed nowadays.

These How to Prevent and Stop Climate Change essay have suggested the methods to control it from any further loss.

How to prevent and stop climate change essay will provide information about the steps to be taken for the less damage and students may use it in their school assignments for writing essay on the topic or they may use it in debates and group discussion with their friends and teachers.

How to Prevent and Stop Climate Change Essay – 1 (200 Words)

Scientists and environmentalists say that CFC gases are the main cause of rising temperature of the Earth and referred as to global warming. The emission of CFC gases has to be stopped and for this, the utilization of refrigerators, air conditioners and other cooling machines will have to be reduced or use of machines which emit less CFC gas should be used.

The smoke emanating from the chimneys of industrial units is harmful and the carbon dioxide released from them increases the heat. Measures have to be taken to prevent pollution in these units. As we know carbon di-oxide is produced during burning. The more concentration of CO2 leads to warming the environment by Green House effect and also responsible for the depletion of Ozone layer in the stratosphere causing harmful rays to enter in the Earth’s atmosphere.

Environmental standards will have to be strictly followed to reduce the impact of smoke from vehicles. Vehicles release poisonous gases such as carbon mono-oxide, sulphur di-oxide and methane. Efforts will have to be made to reuse waste from industries and especially chemical units and stop felling of trees on priority and emphasize .

Renewable energy measures have to be taken care of, that if wind power, solar energy and hydro-electricity are taken care of instead of electricity generated from coal, then method of control on gases heating the atmosphere can be found.


How to Prevent and Stop Climate Change Essay – 2 (300 Words)

Man has polluted the environment at a large scale. There is no doubt that the planet and atmosphere we call home could one day turn against us. The temperature of the Earth has been increasing year by year in the last few decades. The earth’s temperature has been increased by 3%. Pollution caused by the release of carbon dioxide at a large scale by factories and industries into the air creates a blanket over the atmosphere. Global warming can damage the whole chain of events and disrupts ecosystems and weather patterns. We all will have to pay for the reasons that we did.

Therefore we have to put steps forward to stop or prevent global warming and not have to seek colonization on other planets. It seems impossible to stop climate change but it is easy to prevent it by further damage by taking few initiatives.

People may use compact fluorescent light (CFL) bulbs in spite of using regular incandescent light bulb as they consume 70% less energy than ordinary bulbs and have a longer life p. Reduce, reuse, and recycle policy should be adopted to control the pollution. People have to learn using eco-friendly products more and more and should adapt natural way of living. Reuse and recycle methods can significantly decrease the rate of change of the climate.

Keeping in mind the apprehensions that scientists and environmentalists have expressed in front of us, it is in the interest of mankind to take precautions in time. Now the time has come for us to limit our needs and avoid being too materialistic.

Environmentally friendly technological development, bio-fertilizers, use of bio-pesticides and bio-fuels are preferred, if necessary, cut trees and replace them with at least five trees, stop the destruction of forests, only then human can imagine society and manage to mitigate the effects of this problem to some extent. This will be a huge achievement in this direction. Otherwise it will not be easy to stop the destruction.


How to Prevent and Stop Climate Change Essay – 3 (400 Words)

Introduction

Climate is the major factor controlling environment, because climate affects natural vegetation, soil, water bodies and fauna. Climate affects human mental and physical activities. Climate is the most influential of the elements affecting humans as it also controls other environmental factors. Now many scientists are afraid that a large number of gases produced by the people activities can change the nature of the climate and the environment in due course of time.

Scientist’s Belief

Many scientists believe that harmful gases make life on Earth seriously rare, by increasing the temperature of the planets. Other experts do not agree with this, but they believe that the temperature of the earth has been fluctuating for centuries and the long-term still need to be understood.

Result of Global Warming

Earth’s temperature has increased as a result of global warming. The ice of the poles is rapidly melting due to which the sea level is rising. Erosion of the ozone layer has led to increased side effects of ultraviolet rays. Polluted environment is being affected not only the human life but also on animals and birds and flora. Many rare species have been destroyed. The number of animals and birds is decreasing. Natural disasters like floods, droughts, storms, cyclones, earthquake, and land-slides have also increased.

How to Prevent Climatic Changes

Today, long-term sustainable development is required while minimizing the exploitation of natural resources while preserving the environment. Earth can be saved by adopting environment friendly lifestyle. For this, by saving energy at every step and preserving the land and forests, we can create an environment friendly environment.

The whole world has to plant more and more trees and the use of fossil fuels will be reduced. Pollution-free energy sources such as solar energy, wind power, tidal energy have to be adopted. These measures can definitely help in saving the earth from the dangers of climate change.

Conclusion

In order to control climate change, there is a need to adapt such technologies that reduce the emission of greenhouse gases and encourage the development of new technologies in this direction. In this endeavor, we will also have to resort to traditional knowledge so that our efforts towards controlling climate change will be successful as well as connect the whole society. Thus, the challenge of climate change can be tackled by participation of all.

Apart from these, everyone will have to make efforts to save the planet Earth from climate crisis, only then this planet will remain beautiful and lively. For this, we have to use natural resources efficiently and with full efficiency.


How to Prevent and Stop Climate Change Essay – 4 (500 Words)

Introduction

Earth’s contaminated environment due to heat is a burning problem before the whole world. Due to this, today millions of fauna and flora have become extinct from the earth and many are on the verge of extinction. No nation or individual can remain free from its ill effects. As a result, problems of displacement, conflict, starvation, destruction of natural beauty and culture and nurturing the feeling of personal and national insecurity are visible.

These problems are free from the shackles of the country’s borders. Therefore, national and international common efforts are needed to solve these huge problems so that we can give a clean and healthy environment to our future generations in legacy. Although it is not possible to put a complete stop to the sequence of climate change which has started, it can be prevented from changing further by taking precautions.

Certain Tips to Prevent and Stop Climate Change

  1. Electric energy should be used because it is economical instead of coal for power generation; natural gas should be used as a fuel in transport and industries also.
  2. Non-conventional sources of energy such as wind energy, hydroelectric energy and solar energy should be used prominently.
  3. The process of recycling the goods should be invigorated because recycling a product and re-producing it costs less energy is needed than producing it again.
  4. The amount of gases such as methane, chloro-fluoro carbon (CFC), sulphur dioxide and trioxide, carbon monoxide etc. had to be controlled. This control is possible only by increasing the use of environment friendly substances.
  5. Control of climate can be done by controlling the amount of various harmful gases in the environment and by increasing the amount of oxygen by operating forest conservation and tree plantation programmes.
  6. Mankind is dependent on the fauna and flora found in nature for meeting the needs of daily life. Hence at least planting and caring of 5 trees should be motivated and if seemed necessary govt. should impose it by law.
  7. Ecological agriculture is a good option for environmental protection. Ecological agriculture must be practisiced to stop the use of chemical fertilizers and more chemicals in agriculture.
  8. Plastics garbage spoils the life form in many ways and also contributing in the temperature rise. Hence either there should be a complete ban on plastics or it must be recycled for next use.
  9. Vehicles omit poisonous gases into the atmosphere. Thus it is advised that public transport will have to be used to reduce the pollution level.

Conclusion

Even ordinary people can contribute significantly in reducing this tragedy. Car pooling or public vehicles should be used by people and the use of vehicles that are too old should be stopped. Only CFL or LED bulbs should be used in homes and offices. Use of star-rated devices is encouraged to save energy. Television and other electrical and electronic devices should be completely turned off after use; they should not be left on standby mode. Cooking gas or solar cooking should be used for cooking. Awareness should bring about global warming and its future consequences in public.


Long Essay on How to Prevent and Stop Climate Change – 5 (600 Words)

Introduction

Most of the experts and institutes who understand climate change are challenging that if there is not very comprehensive efforts to control this crisis, then the situation will get out of control in few years. News of growing disasters is being reported all over the world. Therefore, the time has come that efforts should be made to save them from now.

How to Prevent and Stop Climate Change

There are some steps which can be taken immediately.

Preservation of Forests

First of all it is very important to save the forests. It is estimated that every 50 minutes of tropical forests are destroyed by the world, equal to 5.5 million hectares per year. In many places they are destroyed by burning and only because of this, 20 percent carbon dioxide is emitted on the earth. These forests are cut down for wood, for industries, for farming.

The task of protecting forests has always been important. The usefulness of forests has always been in terms of soil and water conservation, reducing the crisis of floods and droughts and the livelihood of tribals and villagers. Now the ability of forests to absorb carbon dioxide has become very important in the climate change.

It is imperative that a large part of the financial resources available to prevent climate change should be passed on to the communities which have been protecting the forests and can do this work much better if there is support for it in future. Along with this, the important work of plantation and maintenance of new trees should also go ahead.

Advancement of Renewable Energy

Along with protecting forests, the second important point is to advance renewable energy sources. Till now solar energy, wind power etc. have got only place on the margins of the energy sector. The situation has changed after their role in resolving the crisis of climate change is clear and efforts are being made to get renewable energy sources more important in the energy sector.

Conservation of Energy

Organizations such as Greenpeace have found that decentralized development of renewable energy will help more to meet the energy needs of those communities currently suffering from the power crisis. Energy conservation will also have to be emphasized more. The amount available for the solution of climate change in the world, the poor and developing countries should get abundant amount for renewable energy development.

Adapting Organic Farming

If organic farming is encouraged in agriculture and unnecessary mechanization is avoided, it will also help in reducing the crisis of climate change. In industrialization, instead of luxury goods, more attention should be paid to the products of all people. In the entire economy, the highest priority should be given to meeting the basic needs of all people and for this, technologies should be encouraged in which greenhouse gas emissions and other pollution is reduced.

Change in Business and Trade

It is also important to change the way of business and trade that pollute the environment or indirectly raise the temperature. The issue of climate change should not be limited to the International Congress alone, it should make a continuous effort to reach them in the language of the common people, especially in the event of catastrophic disasters, how should the people prepare to face them and for this the government should help. It should be given more attention.

Conclusion

The question arises that how to prepare to face big and terrible disasters. If we make these questions a main priority and the government and administration are ready to adapt to this priority, then the adverse effects of climate change may not be completely stopped, but these side effects can be reduced considerably.

Renewable energy development and energy conservation are areas to save the whole world from crisis, so their new technology will have to be kept free from patents, royalty etc. Whatever new technologies come in these areas, they should be available free of charge to all countries and people.

Essay on Effects and Impacts of Climate Change

In the last few years, a rapid change in the climate has been observed. Weather has its own specialty, but now its manner is changing. This is happening all over the world. Scientists believe that the gases we are omitting in the atmosphere through industry and agriculture are making the layer of green house gases thick. This layer is absorbing more energy and raising the temperature of the earth. This is commonly called global warming that result in climate change. The most dangerous of these is the increase in the amount of carbon dioxide.

Carbon dioxide is produced when we burn fuel. The cutting of forests has also increased this problem further. The carbon dioxide which the plants used to absorb is now dissolving in the atmosphere. Emissions of other greenhouse gases methane and nitrous oxide have also increased due to human activities. The biggest impact of climate change can be on poor countries. Human beings and animals will also have an impact on their lives. The risk of extinction of trees and animals living in particular weather will increase.

Long and Short Essay on Effects and Impacts of Climate Change in English

Climate change is two words that you will be hearing often these days.

After all, why is this subject being discussed so much? Isn’t this something that meteorologists should worry about? How is this matter of concern for us? Let us find out about this together through these Essay on Effects and Impacts of Climate Change, which are given for your consideration.

Following Essay on Effects and Impacts of Climate Change will provide you the knowledge of the natural and man-made reasons that are responsible for it.

These Effects and Impacts of Climate Change essay will become helpful for the students for their academic purposes and is useful in debates and discussions.

Effects and Impacts of Climate Change Essay – 1 (200 Words)

Climate change refers to any change in climate over a long period of time, whether it is due to natural deviations or as a result of human activities. Climate change is an important and permanent change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns over a period of several decades to millions of years.

The concentration of greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide, has increased over the past several decades due to increased use of coal in electricity production and use of fossil fuel in many other works. Since the time of the Industrial Revolution in the 18th century, its quantity in the atmosphere is continuously increasing resulting in the problem of climate change.

There is a clear effect of the global warming on the atmosphere. Glaciers have shrunk. Areas of plants and animals have been displaced and uneven flowering in trees is being observed. The ensuing climate scenario explores that the global temperature is expected to increase by 20 C to 50 Celsius and the rainfall will be reduced by about 15 %.

Therefore, it is clear from the above facts that the developed and developing countries of the world have to work together to solve this problem. It is not a problem of any one country or one person. This is the problem of the whole world and the whole world will have to solve it together.


Effects and Impacts of Climate Change Essay – 2 (300 Words)

Global warming has resulted in serious problems of climate change due to combustion of fossil fuels and excessive exploitation of natural resources. Climate change is affecting the Arctic region, Africa and small islands more. The North Pole is warming at twice the rate than the rest of the world. Antarctica’s temperature has doubled in the last 100 years.

The impact of climate change is being seen and felt in all regions of the world. India is also facing many problems due to the rising temperature of the earth. It is estimated that by the end of this century, the average temperature in India will increase by 40C.

Climate change will affect the flora and fauna on the earth. As a result of climate change, the monsoon regions of the world will get increased rainfall, which resulted in problems like floods, landslides and land erosion. Water quality is getting declined. There will be serious effects on the supply of fresh water. Climate change will have an impact on agricultural yields.

Thus, it can be said that climate change is a serious global problem which will result in large scale upheavals all over the world. The islands will cease to exist in the world due to climate change.

Today, increasing human activities and fulfillment of needs, indiscriminate use of natural resources is the root of these problems. Climate change will also have an adverse effect on human health. It is necessary to use them in appropriate and balanced quantities. Otherwise the untoward happening in future will not be avoided.

As we know, the climate stability of a place provides stability by encouraging agriculture, income, employment, water-life, society and culture there. Therefore, as a responsible citizen, we all have to play an important role in maintaining the environmental ecosystem clean and sustainable and at the same time bring environmental awareness to the people.


Effects and Impacts of Climate Change Essay – 3 (400 Words)

Introduction

Climate change will have serious consequences in a tropical country like India. Inflation will increase due to the decline in agricultural production as a result of climate change, resulting in an unprecedented increase in criminal incidents due to increase in poverty, hunger and unemployment. Failure of crops will force farmers to commit suicide. The outbreak of infectious diseases will lead to unprecedented increase in the death rate due to these diseases. Climate change will also have an indirect effect on the country’s internal security and strategic sector.

Impact of Climate Change on Ecology and Environment Sector:

  • Due to climate change, the water level in the Bay of Bengal will increase.
  • The Andaman and Nicobar Islands will be submerged in water as a result there will be a large scale loss of biodiversity.
  • Coral reef will be destroyed by being a victim of coral bleaching due to the heating of ocean water.
  • The flora of the Himalayas will be particularly affected by climatic changes
  • Due to climate change, the population of insects, weeds and microbes will increase.
  • There will be a serious risk of contamination of surface and ground water.
  • Due to climate warming, there will be an increase in the incidence of forest fires.

Impact of Climate Change on Health Sector:

  • Due to climate change, the rate of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases will increase in the country.
  • Infectious diseases such as diarrhea, dysentery, cholera, tuberculosis, gastroenteritis, jaundice etc., will increase.

Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture Sector:

  • The production of staple crops in the rain-fed areas of the country will decrease by about 125-130 million tonnes.
  • Climate change will have a direct impact on the distribution of rainfall.

Impact of Climate Change on Resource Area:

Climate change will have an adverse effect on the country’s resources. Important biological resources like forests will be destroyed due to global warming. The dependence on chemical fertilizers will increase the rate of soil erosion resulting in the depletion of important resources like soil. Due to the melting of glaciers as a result of climate change, the rivers originating from the Himalayas will cease to exist, resulting in unprecedented reduction in water resources.

Conclusion

Climate change will have direct and indirect effects on the agriculture, environment, and health of the country. As a result of climate change, agricultural production of the country will decrease. Inflation will increase due to decrease in food production, resulting in increase in poverty and unemployment which will lead to increase in crime in the country.


Effects and Impacts of Climate Change Essay – 4 (500 Words)

Introduction

Rapid climate change has become a major cause of concern worldwide. Greenhouse gases exist in the environment to spread the heat of the sun throughout the world for the existence of life. Due to the effect of greenhouse gases, the Earth’s atmosphere absorbs a large part of the energy from the sun. However, human activities are increasing the amount of these gases, especially the carbon dioxide in the environment, damaging the protective greenhouse layer, leading to global warming or climate change.

The average global temperature has increased by 0.80 C since the beginning of the Industrial Era. Scientists have expressed concern over the rapidly changing environment of the Earth. Therefore, they are constantly ringing the alarm bell on this issue.

Impacts and Effects of Climate Change

  1. Change in climate pattern: Climate is being influenced by humans by releasing chemicals and toxic gases into the air through activities such as industrial and vehicle emissions. The use of coal, petrol and natural gas are the major causes of greenhouse gas emissions. It is clear that the climate is changing rapidly in the world. The rain cycle has been adversely affected.
  2. Loss of green cover: Climate has been changed completely due to the unforeseen cutting or burning of forests by humans in order to dispose of the rapidly growing population along with the increase in cultivated land. These activities have resulted in loss of biodiversity and are ringing danger alarm for human too.
  3. Sea water level rise: Sea water levels have increased as a result of climate change. The oceans are warming as the glaciers melt. The water level of the oceans is rising at alarming proportions which can cause widespread destruction of coastal areas.
  4. Depletion of natural resources: Natural wealth has been damaged due to climate change. It is adversely affecting glaciers, coral reefs, vegetation, arctic and alpine ecosystems, boreal forests, tropical forests, prairie lakes and grasslands.
  5. Farming in crisis: Climate change has a negative impact on agricultural production, in more countries where agricultural production is dependent on rainfall.
  6. Threat to biodiversity: An increase in temperature affects the milk production and fertility of animals. Many species could go extinct and cause doom if climate change phenomena were not controlled.
  7. Disasters and Calamities: Climate change will affect the whole ecosystem. This is often reflected in the form of wildfires, droughts, tropical storms and volcanic activities.
  8. Impact on developing countries: Developing countries in Asia, Africa and the Pacific Ocean are particularly at risk of spreading diseases. This may reduce their agricultural production. In fact, developing countries will suffer a lot of damage at all levels of climate change.

Conclusion

Overall, climate change or global warming has emerged as a major threat to human society. Till date, man has not been forced to face such a big environmental crisis. If people do not take care of it and put forward immediate steps to stop ‘global warming’; we will not be able to save life on Earth.


Long Essay on Effects and Impacts of Climate Change – 5 (600 Words)

Introduction

Global warming has resulted in serious problems of climate change due to combustion of fossil fuels and excessive exploitation of natural resources. If climate change is not stopped in time, millions of people will become the victim of disasters like starvation, water crisis and floods. This crisis will affect the whole world.

Climate change is affecting the Arctic region, Africa and small islands more. The North Pole (Arctic region) is warming at twice the rate than the rest of the world. According to scientists, the North Pole ice will melt during the summer in the next few years. The impact of climate change will be seen in all regions of the world. India will also face many problems due to the rising temperature of the earth. It is estimated that by the end of this century, the average temperature in India will increase by 4°C.

Effects of Climate Change

  • Rise in temperature: In recent decades, due to the green house effect, the average temperature of the Earth has increased in many areas. According to the prediction of scientists, by the year 2020, the temperature of the whole world will be the highest compared to the last 1000 years.
  • Effect on rainfall: As a result of climate change, in the monsoon regions of the world, there will be increase in rainfall, which will cause problems like floods, landslides and land erosion. Water quality will decline. There will be serious effects on the supply of fresh water.
  • Effect on sea level: Climate change will have an impact on the biodiversity rich coral reefs and the species found in the sea, which is called the tropical rainforest of the oceans. Thermal seawater will result in adverse effects on the algae (microbial flora) that provide food and pigment to the coral reefs. Warm oceans will be the factors of the bleaching process that will destroy these high productivity ecosystems.
  • Impact on agriculture: Climate change will have an impact on agricultural yields. Changes in air patterns will result in uneven distribution of rainfall. As a result of climate change, grain production will decline due to increase in frequency of natural calamities like flood, drought and storm.
  • Effect on biodiversity: Climate change will also have an impact on biodiversity. The risk of ecological imbalance will increase as a result of biodiversity degradation. Incidents of heat in the climate will increase the incidence of fire in tropical forests resulting in the loss of biodiversity due to the destruction of forests.
  • Effects on human health: Climate change will also have an impact on human health. According to the report of the World Health Organization, due to the heat in the climate, breathing and cardiovascular diseases will increase.
  • Effect on glaciers: Climate change will also have an impact on glaciers. Due to the heat, the glaciers will melt and end. According to a research, in the Himalayan region of India, glaciers decreased by 16 percent between 1962 and 2000.
  • Natural disasters: The frequency of maritime storms will increase due to global climate change resulting in loss of life and property in coastal areas. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis, floods, droughts, forest fire, etc. will affect the flora and fauna on the earth.

Conclusion

Today, increasing human activities and fulfillment of needs, indiscriminate use of natural resources is the root of these problems. It is necessary to use them in appropriate and balanced quantities. Otherwise the untoward happening in future will not be avoided. As we know, the climate stability of a place provides stability by encouraging agriculture, income, employment, water-life, society and culture there. Therefore, as a responsible citizen, we all have to play an important role in maintaining the environmental ecosystem clean and sustainable and at the same time bring environmental awareness to the people.

Global Warming Synthesis

In modern society, global warming is one of the most serious problems causing unrest all over the world. Global warming has been blamed for a host of recent worldwide issues, such as an increase in the number and severity of hurricanes, higher temperatures and droughts, and various other environmental changes. Thus, countermeasures to cope with the aggravating global warming are urgent questions in the present day.

To deal with the problem of global warming, many nations and organizations are making policies and implementing them in various fields. But there are some key issues that leaders should consider when making policies to solve global warming; the practicality and morality of the policies. When dealing with global warming, the practicality of policies is one of the most important and fundamental issues. Yet the policies are useless if they cannot be implemented.

As we have limited resources, we should choose to maximize our resources by comparing the benefits and costs of each policy. In other words, the balancing global warming and other problems should be set appropriately. (Source D) Too much burden on economic development lessens the possibility of carrying out the policies. Furthermore, the actual effectiveness is a critical factor when making global warming policies. Thus, the countermeasure to global warming is in a state of emergency.

But according to Maslin Mark, the requirements of the Kyoto Protocol are far below the threshold diminution necessary to “prevent major climatic change. ” (Source E) In other words, the makers of the Kyoto Protocol should have been considered the actual effect precisely to produce satisfactory results. Therefore, leaders should consider the economic practicality and the extent of expected effect when making policies that may affect global warming. Policies that may affect global warming should also consider moral and ethical aspects.

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Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution Mission (Maven)

Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution Mission (MAVEN) The red planet Mars has long been a cultural and scientific fascination. People have pondered for decades over the biological potential of the planet and its past. Geological features on Mars resembling dry riverbeds, and the discovery of minerals that form in the presence of water, suggest that Mars once had a thicker atmosphere and was warm enough to allow liquid water to flow on the surface.

But phenomenally, the Mars that is seen today is radically different — barren, lifeless, and dry. Why? In hopes of uncovering the answers to these mysteries, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) will launch its newest mission to Mars, the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution Mission (MAVEN). Set to launch in November 18, 2013, MAVEN has been given the task of exploring the Martian upper atmosphere, the planet’s ionosphere and its interactions with the sun and solar wind. NASA) It will be the first mission devoted to this understanding. According to NASA, MAVEN data will be used to determine how the loss of volatile compounds (such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and water) from Mars’s atmosphere to space has influenced the evolution of the planet’s atmosphere and climate. Clearly, the mission is expected to provide insights into liquid water and habitability on the red planet. The means by which the data harvested by MAVEN will achieve its primary scientific objectives have been determined.

Scientists plan to infer how the Martian atmosphere changed over the course of time by measuring the current rate of escape to space of atmospheric gases and understanding the ways by which they do. (Wikipedia) To extract information on Mars, the four hundred eighty-five million dollar MAVEN space probe has been equipped with the latest scientific instruments, processed into three different instrumental suite packages. (NASA Science) One of which includes the Particles and Field Package.

This specific package will be largely responsible for measuring solar wind, ionospheric electrons and magnetic fields, and magnetosheath ion density and velocity. Another package included is the Remote Sensing Package, which contains an ultraviolet spectrometer that will be used to measure the global characteristics of Mars’s upper atmosphere and ionosphere. The final package, the Neutral Gas and Ion Mass Spectrometer Package, will have the work of assigning measurements to the composition and isotopes of neutral gases and ions found in the planet’s atmosphere.

With these instruments, MAVEN will gather substantial atmospheric information from its orbit 3,870 miles above the planet’s surface. (Wikipedia) Currently, scientists believe that Mars may have lost most of its atmosphere due to a process known as “sputtering,” by which high-energy photons from the sun transform molecules into ions that are eventually carried out of the atmosphere and away from the planet by the magnetic fields generated by solar winds. NASA) The objective of the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution Mission (MAVEN) is expected to provide evidence for the mentioned theory. While that may only be an expectation, one thing is for sure, in discovering the answers to the mysteries of Mars, we as humans will too certainly extend our senses as a whole in our quest to understand the secrets of our origins, and the destiny that lies ahead.

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Air pollution: Narrative Report

Air pollution is the introduction of chemicals, particulate matter, or biological materials that cause harm or discomfort to humans or other living organisms, or cause damage to the natural environment or built environment, into the atmosphere. The atmosphere is a complex dynamic natural gaseous system that is essential to support life on planet Earth. Stratospheric […]

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