Behavior

The field of Behavioral Genetics examines how genetics interacts with one’s environment to determine behavior. Researchers look over an individual’s genetics in order to learn about how the environment shapes behavior. One of the guiding principles of this field is that an individual’s genetic predisposition has an impact on their behaviors in certain environments, and certain environments affect how genes are expressed. Since genetic makeup determines all behaviors to some degree, the field of behavioral genetics allows scientists to investigate what role genetics plays by looking at cases of how the environment influences the behaviors of people with similar genetic makeup.

Researchers in the field of Behavioral Genetics studies the affiliation between genetics and the environment through several broader frameworks. Studies in genotype-environment correlations examine how genetics result in environmental variations. In passive genotype-environment correlation, offspring passively inherit behavioral traits of their parents through both genetics and environment. For example, a child born to highly intelligent parents has a predisposition for intelligence, which may be nurtured by parents emphasizing intellectual development in early childcare. In active genotype-environment correlation, an individual actively seeks an environment that supports genetic tendencies. For example, a child with highly intelligent parents who is orphaned might seek out the highest quality of college education.

Evocative genotype-environment correlation describes how society reacts to an individual’s genetic predisposition. For example, a highly intelligent child born to low-income parents might find encouragement to grow intellectually from a school program for gifted children. On the other hand, genotype-environmental interactions refer to how genetic predisposition can be enhanced or suppressed based on an individual’s environment. For instance, children with a predisposition for alcohol abuse are more likely to present those behaviors when raised in an environment where alcohol use is common and less likely to develop drinking abuse behaviors if they are raised in an environment that does not support alcohol use.

According to what we have so far is that his parents are divorcing this alone can be the cause of the problem and his actions are channeled through his disruptive behavior. It is possible that Cameron has lost the ability to process information due to the nature of the stress he is expose, lack of sleep greatly reduces mental capabilities because of the lack of integration of memories. When the brain and body re not restored from the day before stress hormones like cortical are deposit in the central nervous and limbic system causing a negative reaction and can affect our memory (Seabrook, 2012). Stress is a psychological response resulting from a physical or psychological treat.

Children that are exposed to several day of stressful situation (like in the case of Cameron) frequently have poor self-esteem, poor frustration tolerance, depressed mood and temper outburst. However, individual responses differ according to an array of factors, and most relate to the development of effective opining skills, resiliency, experience with stresses, and susceptibility to strong messages (Seabrook, 2012), which in Cameraman’s case is what perceive in his family what triggers or active the stress response. 3) How might his intelligence be affected by his attention problems? What problems might he have in using his intelligence to adapt to school situations?

In Cameron case his intelligence may not be affected however, his working memory that is the basic component of intelligence is the one being affected. Working memory is also the influences to perform on test and in schools assignments. Not only do changes in the brain directly affect psychological functions, but the training of psychological functions may produce changes in the brain as well (Matthias & Alcohol, 2010). In another word Cameron problem may lead to other concern that have nothing to do with intelligence, however, his difficulty to adapt to he school situation may lead him to peer rejection and resulting feelings of depression or anxiety.

Finally other risk factors such as drug and alcohol abuse, and social-cognitive deficits may be expected by his continuous behavior. 4)Propose some specific strategies/activities that you might use to help him to increase his ability to direct his attention. There are a wide range of approaches but the earlier the intervention the better changes for success in treating Cameron will have. One of the suggestions will be through parenting skill and education. However, they are getting onto a divorce so they will need help for themselves, so I will concentrate my efforts to make Cameron more susceptible to a treatment he will successfully achieve.

A cognitive behavioral therapy may assist the Cameron to manage his impulsive behavior, focusing in encouraging and rewarding appropriate behavior. Social skill training to increase flexibility and improve social skills and therapy to assist with problem solving and decrease negativism. There are also few medication that may be helpful control his emotion and sudden outburst of anger but I would left that out for owe and concentrate in getting him the ability to concentrate in doing better at school by reinforcing his working memory and meta-cognition. In conclusion, many authorities have indicate that oppositional defiant disorder is more prevalent when structure in the home is out of balance, when there is either too much structure or not enough.

In your own words, detail for’ and ‘against’ arguments with regard to innate and learned behavior. Feel free to include your own opinion, but be sure to Justify It. Try to Include equal amount of Information for both sides. Use at least 500 words for your answer. Answer: The innate verses learnt or nature verses nurture argument is a subject that has been theorized and debated by scientists, psychologists and philosophers for hundreds of years. It Is a question that can be dated back as early as 350 BC where philosophers Plato and Aristotle had different views on whether it was nature or nurture which shaped individual behaviors.

Plato believed knowledge and behavior to be innate. He theorized that all knowledge was present at birth and the environment played a unique part in shaping us. In his opinion the environment did not teach us anything we weren’t born with and that Its purpose was merely to remind us of Information we already knew. Aristotle on the other hand theorized that behavior and knowledge had to be learnt and that we were born as tabular Rasa’ or blank slate and our behavior, thoughts and actions were learnt and acquired through experiences.

Although nether Plato or Aristotle theories are supported today It Is still debated hat shapes us In the people we become. Is nature or is it nurture? What is innate behavior or viewed as nature? Innate behavior is a fixed, unchangeable, untaught-of, natural behavior, which is instinctive and are born with. Behavior that is inherited or passed on through genes. Things such as reflexes are Innate behavior; a reflex Is an involuntary automatic response to a certain stimulus.

Those who believe we are shaped by nature are known as nativities. Examples of innate behavior are the moor or falling reflex, the moor reflex is any sudden movement that affect the baby’s neck, giving them the feeling of falling or Ewing dropped. The baby’s innate reaction to this is to open their arms out wide, opening up their hands before bringing them back In to their chest almost as if to catch an object. The grasp reflex, whenever an object or fingers touches the palm of a baby’s hand they will automatically grasp or grab It.

The swallowing and sucking reflex, if you place something, even a finger in to the baby’s mouth they will automatically suck and swallow, babies are also known to sometimes suck their fingers or thumbs whilst still in the womb, this is an instinctive reflex, something needed to survive. There are many other reflexes including blinking, breathing, sneezing and coughing. With the ability to instinctively know how to make nests, what is needed to do this and to carry the materials required to do this in their beaks.

Sea turtles despite hatching on land instinctively know to head straight for the water and have the ability to swim. A very complex innate behavior can be seen in chickens. Having kept chickens since a child myself vast differences can be seen in battery hens and free range hens. Imagine this battery hens never get the opportunity to see daylight, stretch their inns, take a dust bath or forage in the dirt for worms and bugs, unlike free range hens. Yet on removing hens from the battery and giving them the gift and opportunity of a free range lifestyle, all of the natural instincts return immediately.

They have always been there Just merely suppressed. Other more complex innate or instinctive behavior in animals can include hibernation and migration. Learnt behavior on the other hand or nurture is something we are not born with but which we are taught by parents, peers, teachers and can be influenced by social and environmental factors we are exposed to. These behaviors unlike innate behavior are not fixed, but flexible and can be changed at any time. Those who believe it is learnt behavior that shapes us are known as empiricists.

Learnt behavior is very complex and can display itself in so many guises and can also vary diversely from one culture to another. Take for example the Europeans and the primitive mammas tribes of Africa. In Europe hunting is considered a sport whereas to the mammas tribes hunting is a necessity and way of life. Without hunting they would not be able to feed, clothe or provide for their families. To them hunting s learnt at a very young age unlike the Europeans who have the convenience of shops and no longer require learning this skill.

Learnt behavior can be both good and bad, in the respect that with children a lot of learning is through copying, what they see and listen to and what they are being told about what is going on in their environment surrounding them. The good thing with learnt behavior that if it is bad such as swearing or answering back it can be rectified and changed unlike innate behavior. The body and brain combined are an amazing combination as to how it co-ordinates s, and throughout our lives we will never stop learning. Examples of learnt behavior in children include, walking, talking, listening, potty training to mention just a few.

Babies usually makes attempts to walk from around 12 – 14 months although prior to this they have already mastered the art to get from one place to another or where they want to be. From 6 months babies may start to shuffle across the room on their bums, or lay on their front with their legs in the air trying to work out how to crawl. From 9 months babies are able to wriggle along the floor on their tummies or even rail, and by 12 months they are making attempts to walk and may even be able to when holding someone’s hand. Rods are said and pronounced around them. The path to talking begins as early as 2 – 4 months when babies start to make ooh and ah sounds of pleasure. Between months 4 and 9 babies start cooing and babbling, then from 9 months they begin to point to things and vocalism with some meaning although the pronunciations is not quite there yet, by 12 – 18 months single words begin to emerge with some clarity words such as mama or dada. Then from 18 – 24 months basic phrases and ententes start to develop with sayings like teddy gone’?

From 24 months sentences begin to emerge with real meaning instead of teddy gone’ it becomes Where’s teddy gone’. Finally from 4 years onwards children have the same language comprehension as an adult although with basic and limited vocabulary. Some children by this age are also bilingual having parents of a different nationality are able to speak English and a foreign language having been used t hearing it during the formative years. Hearing is developmental milestone that begins whilst babies are still in the womb.

From around 24 weeks gestation babies have the ability to hear sounds in the outside world, by 32 weeks they will have the ability to recognize a piece of music and move around to the beat, they are also likely to recognize the piece of music after birth. This is how we learn to listen by hearing things over and over again and through listening to noises and people talking. Many learnt skills as a child are achieved by repetition. Although this all looks quite simple and clear cut there are problems with viewing behavior as either innate or learnt.

It is relatively easy to view a singular aspect of a arson’s behavior as either innate or learnt for example, hearing is innate and listening is learnt, but it would be impossible to categories a person as a whole as either innate or learnt. The main problem with trying to view behavior as either one or the other is that there are no specific scientific tests which can be carried out, and it would be practically impossible to set up such tests as people’s perceptions of things are different.

This would create different test results with one person viewing one thing and in the others professional opinion it could be completely different. There is also he fact that it would be seen as unethical to test such things. It has in previous years been attempted to research identical twins, although being identical and having the same upbringing, they are unable to account for environmental and social factors, as these may be different for both of them. One spending time with one group of people going to one set of places and areas.

Whilst the other twin who has a completely different group of friends, going to other places. You would also have to bear in mind the media factors the people are exposed to such as television, radio, gaming stations, the internet. It would therefore make it ritually impossible to agree whether it was nature or nurture that shaped them as individuals. Shapes us in our development from infant t o adulthood along with environmental and social factors all playing a part.

Social factors may include one parent families, adopters, or where you are brought up. It is also my belief that many media factors also have a hand in what we learn things as mentioned earlier like television, internet, gaming machines, mobile phones, music, and mobile phones. I also think the social dynamics of the family also play a part too depending on what sort of upbringing you have, and who or what you learning from.

People able to relax from everyday life. The cognitive component towards Disneyland is what people experienced by visiting this place and what information they got from various sources such as a friend, advertisement, and TV. The affective component is a consumer’s emotions or feeling about a particular product or brand. People like Disneyland because it could give us a Joy and happiness. Especially in the family could enjoy good time in Disneyland, improve the relationship with their family. It could have a good emotion or feeling about it.

Finally, Conation concerns how the consumer will behave with regard to attitude object. People will go and visit Disneyland in Hong Kong and spend time with the family.

• Explain how the product manager of a breakfast cereal might change consumer attitudes toward the company’s brand by:

The product manager might change consumer attitudes towards the company’s brand by different ways. It could be done by emphasizing the attributes the brand. Changing beliefs about the brand, Product manager might change consumer attitude toward the brand by changing beliefs about the brand.

Firstly, the advertisement is a way of communication to promote the brand. Therefore, production manger should create a special advertisement to make customer willing to buy this product.

1. The advertisement could have humor or funny. The way in which company can change beliefs about brand is putting less emphasis on product strength in its advertising and more emphasis on others value which cereal has.
2. Changing beliefs about competing brands beliefs about the brand. Product manager can change consumer attitude toward the brand by using a broad Statement. For example, they could create multi-veggies with cereal as a production. It will allow setting the brand higher than competitors.
3. Changing the relative evaluation of attitudes People change their attitudes, so companies should be aware of it. They should go forward with changing environmental. As the current life style attempts to look for healthy food,discount be good crossing over from the existing to the new ones with dried fruit and some corns.

Adding an attribute. As a production manager I will add such attributes as vitamins to breakfast cereal, making the product healthier.

By adding this new formula it will put the brand higher Han the others as the tendency is to buy healthy products and will change the customers’ attitude toward the brand.

• What sources influenced your attitudes about studying buyer behavior before classes started?

Has your initial attitude changed since the unit started? If so, how? Social media and discussion with my colleagues and unintended my attitudes about studying buyer behavior bettor my classes started. I found out that it could be very interesting to get know how consumer behaves in reply to different ads, promotions or tricks used by the producers.

My initial attitudes were positive and motivation was on the highest level and so far nothing has changed. I still believe that studying buyer behavior is interesting and can bring much knowledge that people don’t recognize in daily life during the shopping.

• Should the marketer of a popular computer graphics program prefer consumers to make internal or external attributions about the success that people have using the program?

Explain your answer. Yes. To appreciate the complexity of self perception theory, it is useful to distinguish between internal and external attribution.

Internal attribution is the act of placing blame on some type of factor or criteria that could be controlled by an individual for the cause of a certain event. For example, a person uses Adobe Photos to edit their photo. After he receives the compliments, he or she says that I am really a natural at editing my photo. The reason is he or he is giving herself credit for her ability and effort. However, an external attribution is blaming an outside factor as the cause of an event. For example, he or she thinks that his or her great photo is beginner’s luck and he successful photo editing was result of factors beyond his or her control.

Therefore, it is crucial that marketers offer uniformly high quality products that allow consumers to perceive themselves as the reason for the success. Meanwhile, a company’s advertising should serve to reassure consumer, particularly inexperienced ones that’s products will not let them down but will make them heroes instead.

• Find an ad for a free service trial (e. G. Carcass, free brake check or a free software trial). What attributions would consumers make about the advertiser? What self- attributions would a consumer make if he or she accepted the trial offer?

Many marketers are using free trials to lure new customers. This is particularly effective when the lifetime customer value of a new customer is substantial. Naturally, free trials can also be utilized to advertise as well. For example, you could advertise through in a promotional product such as 7 day free fitness. Free trials could add a significant amount of new customers to your client base. Make Your Free Trial Effective the key to having a successful free trial program is to make it simple ND risk free.

If he or she accepted the trial offer, they will think about whether Join a gym or not. Aftershocks to continue do this,they need to Patagonian the gym. Therefore, theft trials a Goodwin of marketing. 6. Find examples of advertising that uses fear and humor and discuss why you think they are effective or not effective.

Fear

Fear appeals focus on the negative outcomes that can happen because of an action or inaction. Advertisers use fear appeals to promote an immediate behavior change such as eating healthier or not smoking.

Another fear tactic involves isolation. People will purchase a product to avoid isolation from others because of bad hygiene. Deodorant and toothpaste ads often employ this tactic. Government agencies appeal to an individual’s fear of death or incarceration to prevent drinking and driving. Fear appeals work when the recommended action is specific, effective and plausible. For example, ads geared toward smokers can be ineffective if the person does not believe quitting is within reach.

Humor

Humor appeals make consumers laugh and create an emotional link with the product.

A well-executed moor appeal enhances recollection, evaluation and the intent to purchase the product. Advertisers link the product with the humor. For example, a humorous insurance ad hits the mark when the humor shows the consumer why having insurance is beneficial. Using humor at the expense of one group may lead to resentment. Senior citizens may resent a product that portrays them as grumpy, while women may refuse to purchase a product that portrays them as overbearing. Humorous ads work best with established and commonly purchased products such as cell phones, fast food and alcoholic beverages.

Every single day employees don’t show for work, steal cash and inventory, surf the web, e-mail on company time, and disrupt the workplace. It is burning up billions of dollars of profits and inventory each and every year. The Counter-Productive Behavior Index (CBI) is a contemporary integrity test – a cost-effective screening procedure for identifying job applicants whose behavior, attitudes, and work-related values are likely to interfere with their success as employees.

The CBI consists of an objective questionnaire with 140 true/false items that can be completed by the job applicant in about 15 minutes. CBI is a self-scoring assessment available in both English and Spanish. The candidate completes a questionnaire which is then scored within seconds by the hiring manager or assistant. A manager’s interview question guide is available.

Candid Clues generates an objective report addressing degree of potential concern about the six major areas identified below, a measure of overall or total concern, and an assessment of self-serving response bias. Counter-Productive Behavior Index is the most cost-effective pre-employment screening test to identify high-risk and disruptive work-related attitudes and behaviors:

• Employee Dependability
• Honesty
• Substance Abuse
• Computer Abuse
• Workplace Aggression
• Sexual Harassment

CBI is the perfect solution for all size businesses.

Saves time and money. How CBI Works The basic meaning of the scores are as follows:

• Dependability Concerns.
• Low scorers are dependable, conscientious, and reliable.
• High scorers can be undependable, careless, lazy, and disorganized.
• Aggression Concerns.
• Low scorers handle their feelings well and are unlikely to be disruptive.
• High scorers can be aggressive, hostile, disruptive, and have poor control of their anger.
• Substance Abuse Concerns.
• Low scorers have no problems with alcohol and/or illegal drugs.
• High scorers report substantial use of alcohol and/or illegal drugs and may be disruptive.
• Honesty Concerns.
• Low scorers have no problem with workplace dishonesty.
• High scorers have the potential for dishonest behavior in the workplace.
• Computer Abuse Concerns.
• Low scorers use their workplace computers only for work-related uses.
• High scorers use their computers in ways that are unrelated to their work activities or are disruptive to their work.
• Sexual Harassment Concerns.
• Low scores are unlikely to engage in sexual harassment at work.

High scorers have attitudes and behaviors regarding sexuality that are likely to be considered as harassment by the opposite sex.

Overall Concerns

Low scorers report few instances of workplace deviance. High scorers report a wide range of deviant behaviors in the workplace and are likely to be problematic employees. The Overall Concerns score is included in order to help identify applicants whose individual scale scores might all fall below the cutting score for inclusion in the Concern category, but whose total score does identify them as worthy of special attention.

It is important to note that high Overall scores still require a close examination of the six individual scale scores.

Good Impression

Low scorers are open about acknowledging their normal faults and imperfections. High scorers deny normal shortcomings and exaggerate personal virtues, suggesting that their scores on the other scales may be artificially depressed by their efforts to make a good impression. Scores on this scale can be used to determine the degree of confidence that should be placed in the remainder of the profile.

Religious behaviors developed to what they are today beginning in the pre-historic times of the Paleolithic, Mesolithic, and the Neolithic. There is evidence of these behaviors in the archaeological artifacts as well as mythological evidence. Religious behaviors evolved as humans evolved. Religious beliefs changed too. In the Paleolithic we learn that people were very spiritual; everything was treated as a spiritual act. They approached everything ritualistically and their behaviors were in response to the numinous. The numinous is described as a feeling you get when you can’t explain something.

There is archaeological evidence pointing to animal worship during this time too. Spiritual beliefs in the Paleolithic gave way to forms of organized religion based on archaeological findings from the Neolithic. Beginning in the Paleolithic we see evidence of ritual burials as a form of religious behavior. Early modern humans buried their dead and some of those graves contained grave goods. These grave goods consisted of beads and various pieces of jewelry: bracelets, necklaces, and pendants. The grave goods may have implied that the people believed the dead would go on somewhere and they may need, or want, those items with them.

This is a belief based on animism, that anything and everything has a soul or spirit. The grave goods could also mean that the living treated the dead the same way they treated the living. The burials suggested they had respect for the dead. These ritual burials continued on in the Mesolithic and the Neolithic. Starting in the Mesolithic and continuing in to the Neolithic, we see more religious behaviors develop. During the Paleolithic, people were living together and cooperating with one another, building temples, and gathering food and everyone spoke one language.

The myths suggest that at one point the cooperation and harmony dissipated, and three new cultures evolved. With the three new cultures came three different languages. The cultures that emerged from the hunter-gatherers of the Paleolithic were replaced with farmers, herders, and hunters in the Mesolithic. The myths suggest that the three cultures (farmers, herders, and hunters), came from the three sons of Noah. Prior to that, in the myth of the First Family, there were two types of people, or two different cultures. There was Cain, who was a farmer, a iller of the ground, and his brother Abel, who was a herder, or keeper of the flock. In a later myth we are introduced to Nimrod, who was a hunter, thus rounding out the three groups. Those three groups had their own set of religious behaviors. Those behaviors included animal sacrifice, human sacrifice, ritual sex, and ritual abstinence. Other behaviors emerged that may not be considered religious behaviors but instead, ‘ways of life’, but are worth mentioning since they developed over time along with the religious behaviors and played a major role in the lives of the early humans and shaping evolution.

Those ‘ways of life’ include: shamanism, priesthood, matriarchy, patriarchy, Apollonian and Dionysian. We can better understand the religious behaviors of the different cultures only after we identify the pattern of culture, or traits, each one exhibited. The patterns of culture are associated with the characteristics in the distinction between the gods Apollo and Dionysius. Apollo was the god of light and Dionysius was the god of wine. Therefore, the characteristics are referred to as Apollonian and Dionysian.

During the Mesolithic, Dionysian tendencies gave way to Apollonian tendencies. Dionysian characteristics include: earth, Eros, epicurean, heart, emotion, feeling, chaos, excess, female, equality, art, spontaneity, country, and nature. A culture that exhibited characteristics of Dionysian would most likely practice human sacrifice, ritual sex, shamanism, and matriarchy as their religious behaviors. Apollonian characteristics include: sun, psyche, stoic, mind, reason, thinking, order, restraint, male, hierarchy, science, city, and civilization.

Differing from Dionysian, a culture that showed signs of Apollonian characteristics would practice animal sacrifice, ritual abstinence, priesthood, and patriarchy as their religious behaviors. Based on the myths and the artifacts of the Mesolithic, and the Neolithic, we are able to determine that the farmers were most likely Dionysian. Some of the characteristics evident in the myths, which are told from the farmer’s point of view, include the earth, Eros, and female. The characteristics in the artifacts include the female as well, but also equality.

The burials, being of the same type, and the houses they lived in, which were also the same, suggest equality, and the female is emphasized in the statues. Eros, which gave us the word “erotic”, is prevalent in the artifacts and the myths. Based on our understanding of how the characteristics define the religious behaviors, we learn that the farmers practiced human sacrifice, ritual sex, shamanism, and matriarchy. Stonehenge was believed to have been built during the Neolithic. Archaeologists found human remains there and a number of the skulls showed signs of blunt-force trauma which suggested human sacrifice.

The herders in the Neolithic displayed more Apollonian characteristics. As mentioned earlier, Dionysian tendencies were giving way to Apollonian tendencies. The evidence of this is found in both the myths and archaeologically. The male is prevalent in both, hierarchy is established, and order is suggested. Again, based on our understanding of how the characteristics define the religious behaviors, we surmise that the herders practiced animal sacrifice, ritual abstinence, priesthood, and patriarchy. The restraint and stoic characteristics point toward the abstinence while the male dominated myths point to the patriarchy way of life.

There were numerous animal bones discovered which indicated animal sacrifice. Evidence of the Neolithic hunters’ way of life is vague but if we use the myths from the Mesolithic, and the artifacts from the Neolithic, we can deduce that the hunters were also Apollonian. The myths are told from a hunting point of view and they imply hierarchy and are male prevailing. The artifacts hint at the sun and we learned that the hunters lived close to the farmers which means they were civilized, used reason, and thinking. Being of Apollonian in nature, the hunters shared the same religious behaviors of the herders.

In summary, religious behaviors have undergone dramatic, and not so dramatic, changes through the different time periods discussed. Some of those behaviors are still around today. Human sacrifice is probably the only one that has almost completely disappeared in the modern day, but on the other hand, animal sacrifice, which we’ve seen since the Mesolithic, is still relevant in this day and age. The behaviors exhibited had benefits such as providing a sense of community, it proved to be a form of communication, it offered assistance during crises, and also provided psychological well-being.

Duncan Hormones play an important role in bodily functions of the living human as well as mental functions that allow us to create, write, act, or in general be productive humans. When any of our hormones or the glands that produce them are not in sync or producing properly, we may not be able to think at all, or we may be so emotionally dysfunctional that we become nonproductive. Thus hormones may have a tremendous effect on our human behavior.

Our endocrine system is made up of any glands that secrete chemicals directly into our bloodstream or lymph system. These chemical are called hormones, which are carried through the body, having an effect both on internal activities and visible behavior (Icon, Mutterer, 2012). Hormones are like transmitters, activating other cells in the body. Melatonin is one such hormone that is released by the pineal gland in response to daily variations in light. The Pineal gland is a well developed light sensitive organ once considered useless, an unnecessary leftover of , that we now know regulates body withy’s and sleep cycles.

Melatonin levels may have a great deal to do with our patterns as levels in the bloodstream rise at dusk, peak around midnight, and fall again as morning approaches. Thus according to our brain, it is bedtime when melatonin levels rise and get up time when those levels . This is a natural response accordingly to our environment, thus melatonin is the hormone that regulates our natural sleep patterns according to the sun coming up and the sun going down.

This is one element in support of how related not only mind and body ay be, but also its relation to our planet or living environment. Other hormones affecting human behavior is a set called , which have the Job of regulating salt balance in the body. When there is a deficiency of certain corrections, a powerful craving for salt can be evoked. Corrections play an important role in helping our body adjust to stress, they are also a secondary source of sex hormones. Corrections are produced by the adrenal glands, located under the back of the rib cage, on the kidneys.

It is the outer “bark” of the adrenal glands that produce the set of corrections. An over secretion of corrections can cause woman to grow a beard, or premature puberty. One androgen, or male hormone, is testosterone, which is secreted in small supply by the adrenal gland however, for males, most testosterone comes from the testes. This particular sex hormone can regulate sexual potency, breast growth, voice changes, heart problems, liver damage, stunted growth, Just to name a few, when off balance one way or the other.