Bullying

Survival of the Fittest His sweaty palms clutch a few coins. The bus line moves forward. Ticket paid for, a quick glance to the back of the bus. They wait, feeding off his panic and distress as he walks to his seat. Fiona Dove investigates teen bullying. Survival of the fittest has been a notion well accepted by society when applied to animals. The strong and the weak battle it out to determine who will be supreme. Does this theory apply to bully behaviour? If three-quarters of Australian households have at least one person affected by bullying are our children fighting a battle, which will determine how they conduct their lives?

The Education of Queensland Child Protection Act defines bullying as “The abuse of power with the intention of causing distress to other person(s)…” Bullying is a poisonous weed within society. Research shows that children who bully at a young age have a higher risk of committing felonies as an adult and becoming a criminal. Indeed victims of bullying have experienced psychological damage so severe it lead to suicide. Chanelle Rae was fourth student from Western Height College in Geelong, Victoria to commit suicide in a five-month period. Chanelle was a zealous supporter of the Geelong cats.

Her idol Corey Enright a cats team member was pallbearer at her funeral. However on the 17th of July in 2009 Chanelle committed suicide after a brutal cyber bullying attack. [pic] It’s natural, so what’s wrong with this Picture? With technology constantly advancing this generation has much more choice in torturous devices than 20 years ago. Mobile phones, Internet physical violence and smear campaigns are all weapons in a bully’s arsenal. With all this at a bully’s disposal victims are in a constant state of trepidation unsure as to which direction the blow will come from.

Television programmes preach that only those who fit the stereotype of a “Nerd” are bullied in society; the reality is that a bully can target anyone. Insecurities, fear and jealousy are the underlying emotions that bullies deal with by intimidating and antagonizing others. As a consequence of young people being herded together for extended periods of time, the instinct to overpower and “bully” others is natural. As caregivers we should be asking ourselves whether bubble wrapping and shrouding children from the public domain mean that they have insufficiently developed social skills?

Are we, ironically, making children revert back to the battle for supremacy? With one in five students having been harassed at school and at least one in three children bullied almost daily, only a fool would say that bullying in schools is a minor problem. “Bullying will always be a part of school culture,” agrees Alison Heder a school bus driver. To change the bullying culture children need to be told from a very young age that telling a trusted adult, whether it may be a school counsellor or a parent in OK and not “tattle-telling”. Rather than being sheltering children should be out learning how to behave.

Instead of being thrown straight into the sharks at the age of six when school starts, the transition from home to school would be less of an ordeal for children if the basic foundations of good communication were already in place. Queensland Government Department of Education and Training, Code of School Behaviour requires that schools provide a safe and supportive learning environment. When asked about her thoughts on this in regards to the current bullying issues Alison exclaimed “It’s not the schools fault! Parents need to teach their children acceptable behaviour through example”

Studies have shown that with effective communication between the school and home in most cases is able to stop the bully and help the students move forward. On the other hand when the student is too afraid to reach out for help the result can be fatal. On the 15th of February 2010 a young boy encountered a terrible fate. Elliot Fletcher, at just 12 years old was stabbed in the chest. This story was met with shock Australia wide as the reality of bullying in schools was realised. The well-established Catholic school, St. Patrick’s College, recorded 380 absences out of 1100 after the news of Elliot’s passing had spread.

The reputation of all Private schools was further tarnished as several more violent attacks were reported. Parents are now questioning how the government is handling the bullying epidemic. Alison Heder concurred that the government’s current handle on the bullying situation is as ineffectual as it is inadequate. Whilst bullying may never be truly eliminated from society the aim of new bullying campaigns is to inform the victims of bullies of the various resources each school has to help them stop the bullying and move on from the traumatic experiences.

Hotheaded, savage and ungovernable; dread, panic, terror; from covert and subtle to openly ridiculing. Natural or not, bullying is not something to be pushed away to the sides where it festers and thrives. The culture of society must first change if we are to eradicate this practice. Bibliography Personal Interview • Heder, Alison. 1961. Working. Local School Bus Driver, interviewed 19th February 2010. Newspaper Articles • Tomazin, Farrah. “3/4 of Australian Households have at least one Person who has been Bullied”, The Age, 20th March 2010. • Ironside, Robyn.

Vogler, Sarah. “Boy, 12, dies after being stabbed at St. Patrick’s College Shorncliffe”, The Courier Mail, 20th March 2010. • Scott, Edwina. “Hundreds Gather for Suicide Teen’s Funeral”, The Courier Mail, 20th March 2010. • Chilcott, Tanya. “School Bullying Shame: Three Children a Class Bullied Daily”, The Courier Mail, 20th March 2010. • Ironside, Robyn. Chilcott, Tanya. “Pupils Struggle with Heartbreak after Boy Stabbed to Death in Brisbane School”, The Herald Sun, 20th March 2010. Websites • Anon. 2000. Code of School Behaviour. http://education. ld. gov. au/studentservices/behaviour/bm-codebehav. html. (Accessed 20th March. 2010) • Anon. 2007. Child Protection Act 1999. http://www. childsaftey. qld. gov. au/legislation/child-protection/child-protection-act-1999. html. (Accessed 20th March. 2010) • Field, Evelyn. 2003. Bully Blocking. www. bullying. com. au/school-bullying/. (Accessed 21st March 2010) ———————– “Children are terrified to go to the school guidance counsellor because they are afraid that the bully will find out they’ve been tattle-telling,” tells Alison Heder

“ Bullying is a signifier of aggressive behavior which is normally hurtful and deliberate ” and involves “ an maltreatment of power and a desire to intimidate and rule ” ( Undertaking: 1 ) . However there are many variables that can protect and assist kids survive experiences of intimidation.

Children possess many single features which protect and guarantee endurance of strong-arming. A kid should hold a deep consciousness of self-concept “ the set of properties, abilities, attitudes and values that an single believes defines who he or she is ” ( pg446 ) , as this allows for grasp of their alone individualism, assurance in their abilities and moral values and reject bullying or isolation for non corroborating with stereotypes or peer force per unit area. They will gain their possible as persons. An of import property of self-concept is Self-esteem, “ the opinions we make about our ain worth and feelings associated with those opinions ” . Victims of strong-arming normally “ are diffident or have a weak character ” ( Elliot 59 ) therefore a high degree of self-esteem came protect and aid kids survive intimidation and experiences of isolation or bullying as it develops an “ attitude of self-acceptance and self-respect ” ( pg449 )

Autonomy Fosters high self-esteem as the kid has a “ sense of one ‘s ain individuality and an ability to move independently and to exercise some control over one ‘s environment, including internal venue of control, and self-efficacy ” ( web site ) . Therefore the kid will believe in their individualism and self-respect. As Bernard notes if a kid develops a sense of resiliency and opposition “ declining to accept negative messages about oneself ” and of withdrawal “ distancing oneself from disfunction ” , the kid will last Acts of the Apostless of intimidation as the kid will recognize that these actions are morally incorrect and discrimative. ( Website ) . In order for the kid to last intimidation and protect themselves they should react “ assertively to a state of affairs, make “ self-asserting statements ” and defy use and menaces ”

Bandura states that a kid ‘s personality features and societal behaviors are reinforced by behaviors environing them, hence an environment where intimidation is non tolerated by grownups must be established as “ Victims demand to be reassured that they are non entirely and that it could go on to anyone ” ( Elliot Bullying: 58 ) .

Relationships within the household contribute significantly. Parents are universally of import and provide emotional support for their kids to last experiences of isolation, important in protecting kids from effects of intimidation. A strong degree of fond regard would be critical in protecting kids as fond regard behaviors are “ evoked when the person has need of attention or support or comfort “ back up a kid would necessitate if victimised. Parents who adapt an important child-rearing manner will assist protect their kids as it incorporates “ high credence and engagement, adaptative control techniques and appropriate liberty allowing ” ( pg564 ) which would further autonomy and individuality in the kid ( Barber & A ; Olsen 1997, Gray & A ; Steinburg 1999, Hart, Newell & A ; Olsen 2002 ) .Ref: This child-rearing manner allows for the development of strong communicating, it encourages the kid to show her ideas feelings and desires hence non to be intimidated by a bully if non conforming with stereotypes. Victims of strong-arming with this secure fond regard and environing environment would experience comfy to inform their parents and seek support if bullied. This type of child-rearing manner has fostered competency such as “ high degrees of self-pride, societal and moral adulthood and favorable school public presentation ” ( Amato & A ; Fowler,2002, Anuola, Stattin & A ; Nurmi, 2000, Herman et al, 1997, luster & A ; McAdoo 1996 ; Mackey, Arnold & A ; Pratt, 2001 ; Steinberg, Darling & A ; Fletcher 1995 pg564 ) . A kid who has dignity and self- worth will last and protect themselves from strong-arming as they will non yield to intimadation but gain and esteem their individuality. It can take the kid to a mature underatnding their alone features are valued in community and should non be a factor in their isolation. Besides relationships with siblings can be seen as an country for emotional support. Older siblings frequently “ aided younger siblings with academic and equal challenges ” ( pg576 ) and may help development of resiliency to effects of intimidation.

Teachers can work collaboratively with parents as “ There are many advantages in parents and instructors working in partnership ” ( Besag, 1989, 1992, 1999, Randall, 1996: Bullying Michael Elliot ) . Relationships in school in peculiar instructor patterns can protect kids from experiences of intimidation. The personality and values that a instructor brings to the schoolroom can act upon the degree of protection available to kids from. The instructor should make a positive acquisition environment where intimidation is frowned upon but friendly relationship and value of persons are to the bow. A stating ambiance should be established where the kids feel confident to seek support or study strong-arming behavior. Merely as the issues outlined in “ Guidelines on Countering Bullying Behaviour in Primary and Post Primary Schools ” ( 1993 ) the instructors must be argus-eyed for strong-arming behavior, maintain clear records of incidents, and be alert of any academic or physical marks of intimidation.

The instructor “ through course of study work on intimidation, can raise awareness amongst students about strong-arming behavior and they can dispute attitudes about strong-arming behavior, addition apprehension for bullied students and assist construct an anti-bullying ethos in the school ” . ( undertaking bulling LAN ) . Drama is a powerful convention that can be used to research intimidation and for kids to discourse their feelings and understanding about intimidation. However the instructor must be careful non to promote free function drama of intimidation, but use play to raise consciousness of strong-arming through a fictional lens. Teacher can besides utilize literacy to research intimidation as there are many novels that deal with intimidation in a sensitive mode such as “ The Diddakoi ” by Rumer Godden. ( undertaking strong-arming local area network ) .

The instructor can advance high ego esteem through topics such as SPHE by prosecuting the kids in games depicting themselves to their equals, raising their self-respect and assurance. It must be noted that positive relationships with friends in school can assist protect kids from strong-arming as they excessively provide a secure base supplying comfort and support to get the better of bullying and isolation. Besides a individual they can confide in or look to for support in stating a parent or instructor.

Teachers “ have small opportunity of successfully assisting victims unless a school has a clear, well-developed, anti-bullying scheme ” ( Elliot:58 ) The school must develop an appropriate anti-bullying ethos and policy “ which establishes a clear set of agreed purposes which provide students, staff and parents with a sense of way and an apprehension of the committedness of the school to cover with strong-arming behavior which provides a “ model for intercession and bar ” ( undertaking LAN ) .The policy gives staff an apprehension and to be “ consistent in their attack to strong-arm behavior and to advance anti-bullying values within the school. “ ( Tacking LAN ) . Culture affects the construct of intimidation, in this manner a policy associating to strong-arming must see the societal economic and spiritual values of a society. Different civilizations reflect different values which influence the policy as a school with values is cognizant of the importance of incorporating with the community ( DEB omoore ) . Besides the cultural group that a kid is from influences their protection and endurance as different cultural groups use assorted raising manners which result in different features in the kid. Different cultural groupings in societies reflect different attitudes ethical motives and in bend usage different raising manners hence kids. The community should work in partnership with the school. Parents ‘ councils could be established in the school where the community involved in “ outlining new or revised school policy/codes ” and besides these councils should “ guarantee that their local communities are bully-free ” to guarantee a comprehensive attack to strong-arming in all facets of the kid ‘s life: at place, in school and in the community.

It is apparent that through a comprehensive inclusive attack to strong-arming those kids can be protected and survive experiences of intimidation.

We’ve all experienced bullying at some point in our lives. But bullying is more than just a part of growing up. It is a form of aggressiveness or violent behavior shown to children who are quiet, shy or unsociable. Bullying can often be started with rumors and can result in very serious and unimaginable consequences such as suicide. Since bullying is such a prevalent problem in todays world, a solution is necessary to stop this atrocious act from being committed. Bullying occurs when kids aren’t tolerant of each other, therefore they will start picking on one another.

There are different types of bullying. The most common form is cyber bullying. This one and verbal bullying are one of the most hurtful types someone could ever experience. I’ve experienced both, at the age of twelve. I was new to the school, just like twenty other students; but for some reasons, they had decided to pick on me. It was a typical Tuesday, when I entered the classroom, everyone was surrounding one of my classmates laptop. Like any other curious student would, I went to see what was going on.

On this boy’s screen was a picture of me he had gotten from Facebook, with the head of a horse replacing mine. Everyone was laughing. My response to this was violence, which actually motivated them even more since I was responding to their provocation. If bullying goes on for a long while, there can be negative effects. 86 percent of students said that bullying causes students or teens to turn violent. I can totally relate to this statistic. At first, I tried ignoring name calling and hurtful comments about my looks.

But as it grew bigger, I had become aggressive as a way of dealing with frustration. Researchers from Finland discovered that victims suffer from anxiety disorders, such as depression, panic disorder, etc. Sometimes the disorders can also cause difficulties with the victims’ family and friends. I had become very distant and arrogant with my family, especially with my mother. I would release all the tension I had gotten from school onto her. I also felt lonely and sad. My self-esteem had decreased and so did my social life.

In some cases, the bullying may be so severe and may go on for so long that the victim may actually commit suicide, which is called bullycide when related to bullying. There are many strategies you can use to stop bullies and to help others. As a victim, you need to stand up for yourself. The best way to deal with bullies and bullying is to ask other people for help. Victims may go to friends, teachers, parents, or other adults for help. After my mother found out about what was happening she talked to the bullies’ parents and everything had ceased the next day.

Another important part of dealing with a bully is remaining calm and not letting the bully get a reaction out of you. Bullies want to feel a sense of power over their victims. However, bullies only have this sense of power if you give it to them. Don’t! Make sure that you stay calm. Bullying is a universal problem faced by kids of every age. It happens in schools, neighborhoods, and homes every single day. It can end into very serious circumstances and can ruin someone’s life. Bullying is not worth suffering for so don’t wait for it to get worse, don’t be scared to ask for help or help others.

Conceptual learning is a process by which learners learn how to organize information in logical mental structures. Its main focus is on learning organizing principles – the way in which the mind organizes facts into ideas. Conceptual learning is a catalyst for challenging learners to think at more advanced levels. Therefore learning takes place in the form of inductive and deductive learning whereby learners shows their different ways of reasoning and understanding concepts.

According to Wiig E.H & Wiig K.M (2011); from business and societal perspectives, the main aim for learning requires learners as recipients to obtain appropriate attitude, perspectives, skills, insight, and understanding to perform desired function with proficiency in every respect. It is desired that the learning process be as effective and frictionless as feasible and that the content be as relevant to immediate and future requirements as possible.

In this manner, we expect that an effective learning process will provide appropriate content and prepare learners to perform well in the given tasks. When this tasks consist of further learning, we expect that during earlier learning stages, leaners will have built mental models, concepts, scripts, schemata, associations, perspectives, strategies, and so on – prior knowledge – sufficiently well to build.

Inclusive education has gained significance attention in recent years. According to the Department of education (2001b:5) inclusive education was introduced into South Africa by the National Commission on Special Needs in Education and Training (NCSNET) and the National Committee on Education Support Services (NCESS). The NCSNET and NCESS were appointed by the Department of National Education in 1996 to investigate and make recommendations on all aspects of ‘special needs and support services’ in education and training in South Africa.

The main focus was on identifying barriers to accessing quality education for all learners and developing an education system that is responsive. Karagiannis, Stainback and Stainback, cited by Swart and Pettipher (2006:1) explain inclusive education as “the practice of including everyone irrespective of talent, disability, socio-economic background, or cultural origin in supportive mainstream schools and classrooms where all student needs are met”. Therefore every individual must access learning irrespective of the factors which affect him/her.

INTRINSIC FACTORS EXTRINSIC FACTORS

1. Autism
2. Intellectual impairment
3. Visual impairment
4. Chromosomal anomalies: Down syndrome
5. Brain, skull and spinal cord problems
6. Cerebral palsy
7. Chronic disease Society
8. Abuse
9. Curriculum
10. Religion
11. Bullying
12. Poverty
13. Language
14. Cultural differences
15. Poor nutrition
16. Lack of schooling
17. Harmful and negative attitudes

Bullying

School bullying is especially a deep social problem in the school premises which educators need to deal with in most time. The focus of this study is to find ways regarding the management of school bullying in secondary schools. It is important and fundamental to have a strong understanding of what the term “bullying” means in the perspective of schooling ANDD education. Smith st al. (2013: 19) refers to bullying as a subcategory of aggressive behavior, but a particularly vicious kind of aggressive behavior, since it is directed, often repeatedly, towards a particular victim who is unable to defend himself or herself effectively.

The learner who is being victimized might be younger, less strong than others, or simply less psychologically confident. According to Smith et al, various researchers has found out that learner bullying in schools is widespread where there is institunalised schooling and many of the broad features are similar across different countries. Taking for example, there are characteristic sex differences, with school boys using and experiencing more physical means of bullying, and school girls using and experiencing more indirect or relational means such as gossips e.t.c.

We see in media that school bullying is always reported such as boys stabbing each other or girls posting embarrassing pictures or videos mostly sex videos of individuals. Bullying is a serious concern in schools because it can have a negative effect on the person being bullied, on the person doing it and also on the bystander who witness incidents of bullying. It creates a climate of fear in the school environment as bystanders might be anxious that they will be the next on the bully’s target list.

For example, learners who bully always has to threaten bystander that they will beat them if they can tell others especially educators or parents of what they are doing to other learners (victims). Learners who are being bullied, are more likely to lack self-confidence, lack concentration, suffer from depression and anxiety, poor performance and it can also lead to school drop-out of not dealt with. According to Jacobs et al. (2011: 367), the South African Constitution (1996) proclaims a child’s right tn education, but a violent culture often over shadows an environment that is conductive to learning, which creates a disparity between the rights of the children and the reality in school environment.

Problem statement

• In most cases it is difficult for learners and educators to tell if the behavior they are experiencing amounts to bullying. To assist educators and learners to have a thorough understanding about the kind of behavior which take place, De Wet (2016) summarized various forms and examples of bullying.
• Verbal bullying includes hurtful words hurtful name calling, teasing, gossip, vulgar language or jokes of a racist, teasing someone about their disability or body image and spreading rumors about someone and hate speech.
• Physical bullying involves bodily harm and it include punching, poking, kicking, spitting, tripping and beating.
• Non-verbal bullying involves mostly imagery and gestures including graffiti of xenophobic nature, displaying pictures that are discriminating in nature. Other form of non-verbal bullying are winking, vandalizing and stealing or damaging someone’s belonging.
• Cyberbullying includes harassment and abuse via a cellphone on social media a sites or online whereby individuals or groups post embarrassing pictures, videos or threatening messages or comments on social media.

Research questions

1. How common is bullying and how it can affect leaners?
2. What is the nature of bullying nowadays – is it mostly cyber-bullying or is there still taunting and physical bullying?
3. What are the roles of educators, principal and parents when bullying becomes a problem?
4. What are the role of learners who are aware of bullying?
5. Are victims of bullying reluctant to fight back and where they can go for help?
6. What measures are taken by the school to deal with learners who bully others?

Rationale of the study

This study is committed to provide a positive culture where bullying and harassment in any of its forms will not be tolerated. Learners and educators will have the right of respect from others, the right to learn or to teach, and a right to feel safe and secure in their school environment. The study will provide the foundation for the special issue on bullying and peer victimization in School by highlighting some of the major findings that have recently emerged from studies conducted before.

It is also objected to:

1. Understand the meaning of bullying from learners’ viewpoint and its cause.
2. Find various forms of bullying that occur in school environment and ways of managing it.
3. Find if bullying is reported and actions taken against it.

• Research Design

The researcher will use descriptive method to describe knowledge, observations and experiences of participants with regard to the school bullying.

Research paradigm that will be utilized in this study is positivism since the study will be analyzed quantitatively. Questionnaires will be used as an instrument that will gather data, objective of evidence and logical reasoning.

• Literature review

At this point, special issue highlights current research efforts in American schools on bullying and peer victimization, and links this research to prevention and intervention planning. A brief overview of several major insights gained over the last decade in bullying research is presented. The insights are not intended to be an exhaustive list, but are intended to set the stage for the special issue and future research (Espelage et al. journal of Research on School Bullying and Victimization: What Have We Learned and Where Do We Go from Here. 2013).

For far too many adults in the United States, the most vivid memory from their school days involves a distinctly unpleasant incidents, with a bully often at the heart of the memory. Some adults may remember being the victim of a bully. Some may recall being forced to stand by and watch as a good friend or weaker classmate became a victim of bullying. Another group of adults reflected, with remorse, the days when they actually bullied other learners at school.

The act of bullying, however, has far move consequences than simply contributing to unpleasant childhood memories (Cooper: 2011:16). According to Cooper, both bullies and victims of bullying showed higher rates of weapon carrying, fighting, and being injured in school fights than those who were bullies or victims. Clearly bullying is a problem that must be acknowledged and addressed.

Cavell (2005) states that bullying has a negative effect on the social environment of the school and creates an atmosphere of fear among learners. Bullying also affect learners’ ability to learn. A child who bullies is more likely to engage in other negative behavior; such as stealing and taking drugs. School bullying has serious short-term and long-term effects on learners’ physical and mental health. Therefore, school can overcome this negative effect if they adopt strategies that engage learners in their work, creating positive learning environments that produce academic achievement.

Most learners will experience bullying at some point, either as bullies, victims or witnesses. Learners who bully other, who are victimized ,who both bully and are bullied, share number of common characteristics and are likely to suffer negative long-term consequences (Mathaba:2014). Cavell explains that one of the worst effects of bullying is that victims of bullying find it harder to make friends. They fear being isolated, rejected, intimidated, discriminated and they also avoid being harmed again.

• Target population

The target population of this study will be restricted to students in grades 8 through 12, with modal ages of 13 through 17 years, in Ga-Khunwana secondary in 2018. For reasons of design, school with at least two parallel classes at each relevant grade level could be included in the study. From all these learners we had obtained written positive consent from both the individual learner and his or her parent/guardian.

The general procedure in this study will involve learners from Ga-Khunwana Secondary school as well as educator working in the school. Ga-Khunwana secondary is geographically the biggest school in Khunwana village which is located 45 kilometers from Delareyville town in the North West province.

• Sampling

A simple random sample of 40 participants will be considered. The data will be collected during school break and two trained specifically research assistants administered the questionnaire, which was composed of estimation 50 several sub-questionnaires, to learners in their respective classrooms.

Detailed instructions on how to respond and an explanation or ”meaning ” of what is meant by bullying was included in the questionnaire. In addition, the instructions were read aloud by the research assistants. The learners were strongly encouraged to give sincere answers. They were told that nobody at school or at home would be informed about how they responded.

• Measuring instrument

A closed and structured questionnaire was developed by the researcher. The questionnaire examines how bullying affect learners and the measure that educators take into account to deal with learners who bully others and who are being bullied. The questionnaire is composed of a Likert Rating Scale with five items that range from 1- 5 (strongly disagree to strongly agree) and open-ended questions.

Data collection participants with an informed consent and explains what is expected. The researcher have to provide the participants with full knowledge of relevant risks and benefits. Anonymity of individuals will be ensured and the researcher to respect their confidentiality and privacy.

Conclusion

According to (Espelage et al (2013); a great deal about the bullying phenomenon has been learned in the past two decades: however. much is still unknown about this complex dynamic. The knowledge base has been guided by international research efforts and recent work conducted by American researchers. Research consistently suggests that bullying is a complex interaction that needs to be studied using multivariate methods.

Developmental differences must be taken into account as learners’ progress through the school system. These developmental issues are particularly important for effective bullying prevention and intervention programming. Additionally, the nature and influence of the various systems (i.e. family, peer group, school) that affect learners’ behavior must be examined. This special series in School ‘ attempts to address some of these issue in bullying research.

The researcher hopes that this study will assist in getting information and statistics that will be helpful in further studies. In order for various forms of bullying to decrease, all individuals involved with the school, including parents, learners, educators, administrators as well as members of the school governing body should stand together, work together towards a common goal and make sure that bullying no longer occurs in schools.

The entire issue of bullying should remain in the forefront of our educational system and comes to an end. The South African Constitution (1996:19) section 28) states that every child has the right to be protected from maltreatment, neglect, abuse or degradation. Thus leaners feel safe at school and become productive members of society.

This essay is entitled ‘An lineation of the British instruction system. ‘ and it particularly concentrates on explicating some relevant issues refering primary schools in this state. The essay negotiations about three subjects, all of them divided in three paragraphs: the first 1 is a historical background and a cardinal component that may assist us clear up today ‘s construction, referred to in the undermentioned paragraph. Since we are populating in a society ruled by the new engineerings, the last paragraph focal points on the importance given to the ICTs in British schools. The essay concludes by foregrounding what, in my sentiment, are the chief strengths of the educative system in the United Kingdom.

As stated by some historiographers, the roots of British instruction can be found in the mid 6th century. It was non nevertheless until the 17th century, when the first ‘schools ‘ were built. At that clip, instruction belonged to the Catholic Church which was committed to learning the rules of Christianity, by edifice schools. Harmonizing to the writer Denis Haye, the Nineteen century saw the birth of the first province schools. At that clip, these were still controlled by the Church which used to present hapless kids to the chief affairs of Church ‘s beliefs. However, it was non until the mid-century when the State starts deriving some control over instruction, presenting a wider assortment of topics.

Among all the instruction acts that have passed in the history of British instruction, it is of import to concentrate on two of them, since they may assist us clear up the roots of today ‘s construction. The besides referred to as ‘The Scottish Act ‘ , is born in 1872 and harmonizing to the online article ‘Key Dates in Education ‘ it is known for doing ‘school attending compulsory from the age of 5 to 12 old ages old ‘ . Another instruction act to be drawn up took topographic point in 1944, and is in my sentiment, of import to foreground because from this clip on primary school kids are exempted of paying tuition fees. With this new instruction act a three-party system was introduced in British instruction system, and this led to the creative activity of alleged proficient, grammar and modern schools. While analyzing the history of the instruction system, it is decisive to travel back to the twelvemonth 1988 when the national course of study is introduced in British schools, including English, Maths, Science, and Religion as mandatory topics. From 2010 ‘MFLT ‘ , which stands for ‘Modern Foreign Languages Teaching ‘ is besides an obligatory topic.

It is so the creative activity of the national course of study, likely considered the most of import fact that may assist us accomplish a better apprehension of today ‘s system. The writer Denis Haye who wrote ‘Primary Education: the Key Concepts ‘ , claims that in the twentieth century, merely after the debut of the national course of study, kids were obligated to analyze in school from 5 to 11 old ages old and this ‘primary phase ‘ was followed by a specific instruction which would stop at the age of 16. It is because of the national course of study that today ‘s students go to school at the age of 5 and leave when they turn 11. The writer besides claims that there is a minor measure of educational Centres which accept kids from the age of 8 to 12 called ‘deemed in-between ‘ in his words, while others referred to as ‘first ‘ accept 5-8 or 9 year-old students.

Today ‘s British primary instruction ‘s construction could non be analysed without bearing in head what is in my sentiment the chief strength of the British system: the assortment of schools offered to parents and British students. On the Department of Education ‘s web page, some of the chief types of schools can be found, set uping a division in three subdivisions: ‘mainstream province schools, province schools with peculiar features and specializer schools ‘ in the first subdivision. ‘Trust and Voluntary controlled/aided schools ‘ in the 2nd. Faith schools, academies and grammar schools besides belong to the 2nd subdivision. In the 3rd group the Department includes ‘Independent schools ‘ . This last sort, as its name shows, is governed by an independent organic structure which harmonizing to the Department of Education have their ain ‘curriculum and admittance policies ‘ .

Since we are populating in a society ruled by the information engineerings, a valuable facet to be drawn up, is without a uncertainty the version of the ICTs ( the information and communicating engineerings ) to the British instruction system, paying a particular attending to the primary instruction Centres. The British Department of Education claims that the acceptance of the information and communicating engineerings ( ICTs ) to today ‘s primary schools radically improves the instruction Centre ‘s degree. It was in the twelvemonth 2002, when the Education and Training inspectorate wrote a study which highlighted the positive facets of incorporating the ICTs in the UK schools. In most schools, both the pupil ‘s acquisition and the quality of learning were shown to be ‘satisfactory ‘ . Most of them used a great figure of applications such as developing web pages, utilizing societal webs for educational intents, directing electronic mails and utilizing web-cams, to advert but a few of them. This study besides indicates that the debut of the ICTs in primary school ‘s schoolrooms and lessons notably increases the student ‘s motive and enthusiasm to larn. The Department of Education besides claims that the information and communicating engineerings have been adapted to the course of study of several schools in the UK for the past 5 old ages, including ICT as a compulsory topic. In my sentiment, the chief advantage of the ICTs likely relies on its positive effects on kids ‘s attending and involvement, and this is one of the grounds why there are an even higher figure of centres which are integrating them.

While looking for information on this affair, I found two relevant articles in two different newspapers which show a clear illustration of how these engineerings are being adapted to instruction. The first article belongs to the journalist Borland, and appeared in ‘The Guardian ‘ . It talks about a school in the UK which bought a twosome of Wiis in order to ‘boost student ‘s enthusiasm for athletics ‘ utilizing the new Wii Fit Plus. This new Wii application, the author claims, is focused on assorted fittingness exercises proved to be good for the kids ‘s wellness, particularly for sedentary 1s. Borland besides states that although this inaugural foremost received a really positive feedback from most people, there were other voices avering that a picture console should ne’er take the topographic point of traditional drills or exercisings. Another article to be taken into history, was written by The Telegraph ‘ s instruction editor Graeme Paton who states that a school in the UK has decided to present Twitter, the UK ‘s widely known societal web as a topic. Children, nevertheless, will non merely be taught how to utilize this web for academic intents ( if there are any ) but besides to pass on by utilizing Skype and develop online web logs.

To reason this essay, it is of import to advert that the British instruction system likely stands out for the tremendous assortment of schools offered to kids and parents while in other states merely three or four types of schools. Furthermore, the last paragraph can so be interpreted as an illustration of the version of this system to today ‘s new coevals of kids, heightening educational positions, and eventually providing for wider demands.

1,200 words.

Group Research Proposal

Research job:

What are the chief types of intimidation in primary and secondary schools? How can this job be tackled?

Why is this statement of import?

Bullying is a job nowadays in current primary and secondary schools, usually impacting kids from four to sixteen old ages old. Not merely students are involved, but besides parents and instructors who, in most instances, do non even know the truth or hide the maltreatment. There are different sorts of strong-arming which, can be divided into five groups: verbal, physical, emotional, cyber-bullying, and homophobic. In the verbal and emotional intimidation, the bully uses disrespectful comments and endangering words which intend to harm the victim. This is likely one of the worst sorts since kids are physiologically affected, making in most instances traumas taking to societal issues such phobic disorders to develop relationships with other schoolmates due to a low self-pride. In physical intimidation, the culprit intends to impact physically the mark by fall backing to violent Acts of the Apostless such as striking, pluging or drawing without holding a necessary ground to make so. Cyber-bullying is considered to be a comparatively new sort, due to the development of new engineerings. It non merely affects students in the schoolrooms but outside in the existent universe, by utilizing calumniatory pictures printing the maltreatment on the cyberspace. The last type, homophobic intimidation, is related to the kid ‘s sexual orientation utilizing derogative footings such as homosexual or even the ugly ‘faggot ‘ . These are but a few of an eternal list of other sorts of strong-arming. Analyzing this job is of import since it non merely might assist those who need it most, it can besides clear up one of the darkest facets of human behavior towards the others.

Methodology

In order to transport on this research, it is critical to entree to different beginnings of information. Not merely books can assist us with this affair ; articles published in bookman or public newspapers, every bit good as telecasting interviews or scholarly plans can be really helpful. A really relevant docudrama on affair, entitled ‘The Red Balloon House ‘ aired on the BBC last month will be born in head while developing the research. This is a charity organisation taking to assist kids who suffer from school phobic disorders due to strong-arming maltreatments. This documental offers a close unmasking of this affair, clear uping many facets about the chief effects of this sort of maltreatment. Another utile method to be taken into history, nevertheless hard and hazardous, is transporting on a private interview with a primary beginning, a victim.

Literature Review

‘Aspectos psicol & amp ; oacute ; gicos de la violencia juvenil ‘ hypertext transfer protocol: //portales.educared.net/convivenciaescolar/contenidos/biblioteca002.pdf

‘Bullying ‘

hypertext transfer protocol: //portales.educared.net/convivenciaescolar/contenidos/biblioteca003.pdf

‘Convivencia escolar Y prevenci & A ; oacute ; n de la violencia ‘

hypertext transfer protocol: //portales.educared.net/convivenciaescolar/contenidos/biblioteca015.pdf

‘Convivencia nut los centros educativos ‘

hypertext transfer protocol: //portales.educared.net/convivenciaescolar/contenidos/biblioteca011.pdf

‘Acoso Lepidocybium flavobrunneum. Gu & A ; iacute ; a parity chicas Y Marx ‘

hypertext transfer protocol: //portales.educared.net/convivenciaescolar/contenidos/guia.pdf

‘La actuaci & A ; oacute ; n ante el maltrato entre iguales en el centro educativo ‘

hypertext transfer protocol: //www.obrasocialcajamadrid.es/Ficheros/CMA/ficheros/OSSoli_MenorMaltrato.PDF

Decision

Bullying is a societal job that affects more often all rhythms of instruction. Everybody should go cognizant of this job and seek to stop up these maltreatments by the application of methods and efficient solutions to it.

Individual Research Proposal

Research Problem

Undertaking intimidation in the U.K. primary schools. What are its roots and types? What are the chief effects on the psychological wellness of today ‘s students?

Why is this statement of import?

Strong-arming in primary and secondary schools in the UK, is so a job that has been stalking British students since the first schools were built in the 19th century. This leads us to oppugn ourselves about strong-arming ‘s roots, what they are and how they can assist us eliminate this job from abrasion. Harmonizing to the instruction newsman Kristin Rushowy organize the US newspaper ‘The Star ‘ , strong-arming ‘s roots can be found in the tough ‘s household relationships. In most instances, Rushowy claims, toughs come from ‘blended ‘ or ‘single-parent ‘ households, and feel they ca n’t trust on their parents who act in an overprotecting manner. Although it is a fact that schools are built in order to supply a good instruction for our society ‘s kids, parents besides have the responsibility to educate their kids in tolerance, and regard towards their schoolmates and all the members of society. However, it is non ever this manner and it is so an issue to be analysed in deepness.

The rise of the new information and communicating engineerings which as I stated in my essay, are being adapted to today ‘s primary schools in the UK, have a negative consequence on this affair. Students who are taught how to utilize societal webs as ‘Twitter ‘ unconsciously tend to utilize this cognition to hassle other kids. This is a comparatively new type of strong-arming referred as ‘cyber-bullying ‘ . As happens to other sorts of strong-arming such as, homophobic, it has so an inauspicious impact on pupil ‘s mental wellness. Harmonizing to Doctor Marc Dombeck in his article ‘The long clip effects of Bullying ‘ short-termed effects such as choler, depression and self-destructive ideas can take to the long term ‘increased inclination to be a lone wolf ‘ self-esteem jobs, and trouble in swearing people. These are but a few of the negative impact of Bullying and it is so a affair to be researched on.

Methodology

To transport out this research, I will bear in head some online articles published in British and American newspapers, every bit good as some ushers published by the British Department for kids, schools and households and an essay I wrote refering British primary instruction.

Literature Review

The first beginning to be considered is a usher published by the Department for kids, schools and households, entitled ‘safe to Learn: Implanting anti-bullying in Schools ‘ , since it is a perfect lineation of this issue. Another usher published by the old section entitled ‘homophobic strong-arming ‘ is besides to be considered. Assorted on-line articles written by experts on this affair as Dr. Marc Dombeck ‘The long clip effects of Bullying ‘ are besides to be born in head. An essay written by myself entitled ‘An lineation of Primary instruction in the UK ‘ which is focused, among other issues on the version of the ICT in today ‘s schools, may assist us clear up the roots of cyber-bullying.

Decision

Although Bullying is a job that has already been researched on by many experts, there are some chief issues such as its roots or psychological effects that still need to be examined in deepness.

Self- Appraisal

The Cardiff University ‘s faculty entitled ‘Introduction to Academic Study in the UK ‘ has notoriously helped me develop and better my research accomplishments. Although in the grade I am presently analyzing I had already been taught how to mention utilizing the Modern Language Association ( MLA ) ‘s manner, it is ever utile to larn how to cite utilizing the Harvard manner, since it is the 1 that is usually used in the United Kingdom. The ‘Research accomplishments ‘ seminar, was besides decisive since it taught me to research utilizing academic beginnings and databases. I had no old cognition about it and it helped me while be aftering essays for some of my faculties. The talk on critical thought was so really advantageous since it was an tremendous aid while composing my two critical analyses for the faculty ‘The Victorian Novel ‘ from a subjective and critical point of position. The talk on the ways UK ‘ pupils are assessed and the Markss used, was besides really appealing and interesting since I come from an abroad ‘ University with a wholly different construction. To stop up I would wish to advert that although unluckily I could non go to the ‘peer-review ‘ seminar and therefore it has been impossible for me to analyze other pupil ‘s proposals including my findings in this piece of authorship, I have taken into history some feedback I received from the schoolmates I worked with, in order to compose my ain research proposal. I have considered rewriting the proposal, being specially focused on altering the research inquiry because ‘it was excessively wide ‘ .

Group Behavior In our society today, there is a definitely a lot of categorizing of people going on. Group behavior is one of the larger categories. Many people, especially young people, are left out of many things. Those who have friends and participate in activities feel like they cannot be themselves. Then you have those people who make everyone else feel badly about who they are. Everyone needs to stop being so judgmental of others and accept people for who they are. We all remember the kids at school who were always chosen on the playground.

Maybe a few of us were one of those kids. This sort of thing doesn’t just happen between children. Coaches and Teachers do those things all the time. Two people may have the same skills, but the one who has the family with money to support the school or with the notable last name will be given the position. It is no hard to see why many people have self-esteem issues. Many people with friends still find it hard to be themselves. They fear that they will not be accepted or that they will be looked down upon.

Many people feel that to befriends two people have to be the exact same. This is simply not true. Generally speaking, two people with identical personalities will most likely clash. People need to realize that being different is not a bad thing. In life, there are bullies everywhere that we go, ranging from school to the workplace and everywhere in between. These types of people try to make themselves feel better by putting other people down. Perhaps they don’t realize what this does to other people, or maybe they just don’t care.

Usually these types of people have self-esteem or self-image issues that they need to take care of themselves. However, there are different and better ways to deal with their own issues. No person has the right to belittle another person in any way. To conclude, everyone should think about the way that they treat other people. They cannot change the things that they have done or said in the past. All that can be done is to change the way that we act now and in the future.

There really is no reason for the children in our society to be growing up with the self-esteem issues that they have. Many people are being diagnosed with depression, caused by the way that they have been treated by other people. Placing people into groups is wrong and something needs to be done to change this. Everyone deserves a fair chance in life, so do not be one of these types of people that categorize others. And if you are being placed into agroup, stand your ground and stand up for yourself because chances are, no one else will.

There are no limits when it comes to being a major brand that is recognized across the globe, and Burger King understands this concept very well. Their latest advertisement gives consumers a clearer understanding of a poignant and relevant topic, which should be concerning to all internet users. It is an ingenious strategy after all, peering net neutrality to the Burger King brand. Not only did they have people talking about their internet rights, but consumers will forever remember their brand in this way as well. What a Whopper!

Whopper Neutrality

Not many people understand this topic, as the advertisement clearly shows. It starts out with a number of customers ordering the Whopper meal; however, they grow impatient waiting for their food. It is a fast food joint, so that means super quick turnaround in preparing the popular sandwich. Even though this might be true, these customers learn that in order to receive their sandwiches, minus the long wait, they have to pay an additional $26.

As expected many customers are disgruntled, and some even get incensed over this hidden fact. The clever part of the advertisement is having the employees, use the coined phrase ‘Whopper Neutrality.’ They did not leave things hanging however; after customers received their sandwiches, they were sequestered on the outside, where the whole charade was explained to them. Nevertheless, by the end of the advert, they came to appreciate how they would lose their right to having equal access to the internet, as others were paying more money for faster access.

The Facts

For a while there were net neutrality regulations in place, which ensured that all internet users received the same fairness with their internet provider. This was recently repealed by the Federal Communications Commission. There has been a lot of outcry against these providers giving preferential service and quicker access to particular websites and increasing their service charges across the board. Certainly, there are other elements to the regulations, which can be quite mystifying to the common man, but Burger King did a great job, by illuminating the idea, with their ‘Whopper Neutrality’ advert.

Net Neutrality is a hot button topic in America right now. The social experiment, hosted by Burger King will add fuel to an ever-growing fire around this issue. Of course, the company believes that internet access should be akin to Burger King’s Whopper sandwich, made without prejudice for all customers alike.

In their statement, posted on the popular YouTube channel; the company states that “The rescinding of Net Neutrality is a hot topic in America, but it can be very difficult to understand. That’s why the Burger King brand created Whopper Neutrality, a social experiment that explains the effects of the repeal of Net Neutrality by putting it in terms anyone can understand: A Whopper sandwich. This effort aims to help people understand how the repeal of Net Neutrality will impact their lives. The Burger King brand believes the Internet should be like the Whopper sandwich: the same for everyone.”

Anti-Bullying

Aligning themselves with this issue is a great marketing strategy by Burger King, which will obviously pay off in the long and short-term. It seems to be a common practice with the global brand. The previous year, they released a similar video, where they aligned the brand with the ‘Anti-Bullying Initiative.’

In that advertisement, a high school student was subjected to the taunts of bullies, right in the restaurant. The remarkable thing was there were customers who stood by and watched as the events unfolded in front of them. The restaurant was crowded at times of all the people, only 12% intervened in the incident. However, 95% of the people, which received a ‘bullied’ burger, reported it. Do you see the disparity? Customers were more willing to stand up for a ‘Whopper Jr.’ burger than a ‘High School Jr.’ being bullied. It is also noteworthy, that they had real high school students, relaying their experiences with bullies at school as well.

Kudos to Burger King for being a vanguard as well as taking a more innovative approach to marketing and advertisement; all this while bringing recognition to global issues that affect our daily lives.