New England

During colonial times there were very strict gender roles that men and women were expected to follow. These rules and laws were different from colony to colony but for the most part was the same. Women focused mainly on the at home stuff, knitting, small gardening, and teaching children scripture (it is important to know that this is directed to white women as black women had no rights). Men held the power in relationships, in the government, the church’s, property, and controlled the family. Men also voted and their labor helped provide for the family and the colonies. Both men and women were equally important to the family and the survival of the colonially. If one fails, then the system will not work. As time went by however, the system would swing even more in favor to men. When first arriving to America life was extremely rough for the pilgrims, there were no shops, shelter, farms, and a shortage of women. Life back home was extremely different than the life that they had just started. As Jason Ripper puts it his book “American Stories: Living American History” that “The first seasons in America had been brutal, unyielding, and deadly.

The winters were colder and the summers hotter than English folk had known, and farming prospects were mixed”. Because of this rough life women were a necessity in helping the men with the hard labor. There was help from the Native Americans with things like farming but without both male and women doing their duties then the colonies would have had a much harder time surviving. Doing labor work was new to colonial women. Before coming to America women would only do house work. They were not allowed to go school, go into a profession, and if they did work they were paid less. So, when arriving to America making this transition was probably not easy. Interestingly Native American women were respected a lot more than European women during the 1600s. Women could do almost anything that a man did besides a few things like go to war and hunt. Colonel men found this very strange claiming they were “slaves to the men”. Not everyone shared this thought though, Benjamin Franklin actually liked the Native Americans way of living. As Jason Ripper puts it “Franklin did not think that Native Americans lived in some caveman, throwback state of nature. Rather, he saw that they had sophisticated governments in which men and women participated”. Franklin was very ahead of his time, unfortunately the rest of the colonies did not see women, or the Native Americans like he did. As time passed and the colonies became more established, the need for women in the fields and other forms of hard labor was not needed. Women went back to their traditional role in the society. By the 18th century women were property to men once again but were still extremely important to the function of everyday life.

Men were not responsible for anything that went on in the house back in that time. Married and divorced parents spent more time now with their children than 40 years ago. Children time for fathers Increased a lot more now than in the colonial times. Fathers weren’t responsible for their children and women were obligated to do all house work. Response: This particular article took me by surprise because the fact that back in Colonial times fathers didn’t really help around the house is upsetting and surprising.

In my opinion, women and men are obligated to do the same and equal work as catheter. The Role of Men and Women In Colonial New England: Summary: Women and Men were forbidden to strike each other in the Colonial times. A man was forced to give bond if he was caught verbally abusing his wife. The duty of a husband was to go work and support his wife at all times. Women’s property was forced to be given up to her husband once they were married and she was not allowed to work or own anything. In men’s pollen women lacked strength for Intellectual exercise.

Response: This article shocked me because the fact that men saw themselves as better than women is extremely degrading and unfair, women can do the same wings men can do The Role of Children In Colonial New England: Summary: Puritan parents were obligated to direct their children responsibly. Children who were too spoiled were sent to be treated by a master to become more obedient. Girls started learning house work as young as the age of 5. They had to learn how to cook and clean and do all the kinds of housework.

I feel like with time writing exams you are so rushed to finish writing and outline that by the time you start your essay you Just go blank. To prevent that I read my articles more than once to completely understand it thoroughly and then I begin my essay. This really helps me in the long run and is good or completing and understanding my essay. Log 1 felt like I was prepared for the midterm. If I were to change anything I would read my articles a few more times next time to better understand them before my midterm.

But generally I felt like I did a exceptional Job on my midterm and tried my hardest spending all the time I could to finish it. Writers Checklist: 1 . Does your idea draft respond fully to the assignment? Yes, it does. 2. Are your ideas organized the way you want? Yes, in my opinion, the ideas are organized how I want them to be. 3. Does your intro explain what the essay is about and what its repose is? My essays introduction introduces the topic and explains what the essay is going you be about. . Do you have a thesis that states your point or indicates the issue the essay will address? Yes, my thesis indicates the issue that my essay will address. 5. Do the body paragraphs each have a topic sentence? Do they develop the main points by giving specifics and examples to support these points? Yes. 6. Does your conclusion make one or more recommendations? Yes, my conclusion makes at least one recommendation. 7. Yes, both my trusted friend and a classmate has reviewed my essay.

Numerous things went into the development of the New England and Chesapeake regions. Though both of these societies came from the same background, England, these different groups of people yielded a different way to live. Basic needs and idealistic concepts were two reasons that differentiated New England from the Chesapeake region. Basic needs included anything from food to shelter to education. The new pioneers had enormously varying ideas that they wished to accomplish in the New World.

Such ideas involved religious concepts and governmental leadership. Thirdly, why did people come to America? The variation as to why people decided to come to America, was one reason that New England and the Chesapeake region evolved into two distinct communities. The two groups had very different views as to what they wished to accomplish. Documents B and C show a random sample of the sort of people that came to America. Emigrants who arrived in New England were mostly families with several children and their servants.

The original people of New England were searching for a quiet place to call home, where they could raise their family apart from religious bias. On the other hand those who were bound for Virginia, mostly single young men, were in search of fortune. In contrast, only a few of these gold seekers were accompanied by family members, and probably knew very few of the other lads joining them on their quest. The men of the Chesapeake region had one basic mindset, and they were intent on finding wealth. This greed led to their own misfortune.

In the History of Virginia, even before the settlers departed from England, the idea of the rich versus the poor had developed. There were those who had money and other such things, and those who did not. Those who did not became bitter from the hard trip and jealous of those slight few who struck gold in the New World. As stated by Captain Smith, “golden promises made all men their slaves in hope of recompenses. ” Many of these men referred to as “slaves” consumed with greed, forgot to take care of their basic needs, food and shelter, therefore many simply died.

Both New England and the Chesapeake region realized they had to work together in order to survive and hopefully thrive in the future, but only New England established this at first. On Winthrop”s journey to America he stated in his own words, “we must be knit together in this work as one man. ” He made a point in saying the only way to survive is to support each other. Well, one way to create a community is to find common ground for which the new settlers can relate, in this case they found it in their children.

Most of the citizens of New England had children, that is supported by Document B. With a large amount of children, logically there was a need for education. Thus education brought upon the building of schools, which in turn, made the newly founded society work together. Winthrop”s idealization of the unity of society stated that all must rejoice, mourn, labor and suffer together. He created unity among the people. Virginia had no such luck in finding this common ground and unity. They were too busy searching for gold.

The Puritans did not consume their time worrying about money as did the Virginians. Their main focus was on setting up a society where they were free from persecution. John Winthrop, a future governor of Massachusetts, wished to establish a religious community in the New World. The Puritan ambition had been to establish an ideal Christian community, a “city on a hill,” as Winthrop called it, with the eyes of England and the entire world on it. Pride alone, as to not fail, may had been the reason for success. Also government played a huge part in the success of the northern colonies.

Almost immediately after arriving in New England, a government was set up. This government was led by the church. The Articles of Agreement set up certain orders that were to be followed. Such orders were to procure a minister that followed all the ways of Christ. Document D suggested that the town of Springfield, Massachusetts, be composed of forty families rich and poor. Unlike the Chesapeake region, Springfield allotted every inhabitant land on which a house could be built, but more importantly, land for planting.

Their government has evolved into our democratic government of the present. had differences, neither society perished. Virginia thrived on wealth and materialistic items, you either had it or you did not. While in the background New England raised their young, trying to teach strong values and pass on their ideas of a better way of living. These first attempts at colonization, laid the foundation of society today.

University of Phoenix Material North American Colonies Project Part 1: Native American Resources Access and review the Early Native Peoples interactive map link available through the HIS 110 [pic] page. Study the map identifying the regional distribution of Native Americans (also located in Ch. 1). Using the grid, identify the seven regions. Then indicate how each of the native tribes within the regions supported themselves prior to the arrival of European civilizations. Region: |Principle Basis of Subsistence: | |Artic |Fished and hunted seals. | |Northern Forests |Big game hunters. | |Pacific Northwest |Salmon fishing. | |Far West |Fishing, hunting small game, and gathering. | |Southwest |Farming and trading. | |Plains |Farming and hunting. | |Woodlands |Farming, hunting, gathering, and fishing. | 0. 2 Part 2: Contributions Grid

Complete the Contributions Grid by describing the contributions of the three groups of peoples, Native Americans, Europeans, and Africans, to the creation of the British North American Colonies. List the aspects of each of these peoples—Native Americans, Europeans, and Africans—that contributed to the development of the British Colonies. | |NATIVE AMERICANS: |EUROPEAN |AFRICANS | |Economic |Fishing, gathering, farming, and hunting. Created goods which they either sold or |Trade with the Mediterranean world: | |Structure | |traded. |ivory, gold and slaves. Economies based | | | | |on resources of the lands they inhabited:| | | | |farming and hunting etc.. | |Political |Tribes had chiefs and the chiefs had |Centralized nation-states. With the |North: Ghana and Mali Empire. |Structure |advisors. |monarchs and their courts as the ultimate|South: A village system that was very | | | |law of the land. |family orientated. | | | | |Both men and women choose leaders of | | | | |their own gender to handle their gender | | | | |affairs. |Social System |Woman had a big part of the social |A class system. There were the rich, not |Maternal – families traced through | | |structure. They had big roles in their |so rich and poor. Male gender dominated. |mother’s side. Jobs were separated | | |families too. Most of the jobs and duties| |through gender lines. Women were dominant| | |that were needed to effectively run the | |in trading in farming, while men hunted | | |tribes were allocated along gender lines. |and fished. Women took care of the | | | | |children. | |Cultural Values |Their culture was centered around the |For the most part their cultural values |Ancestor worship and very gender related | | |tribes and the natural world which they |came from the bible and Christianity. |values. Women were almost equal with men | | |in habited. | |in many things they were superior. |Religion |Their religions were derived from the |Different denominations of Christianity. |Islam and various tribal faiths. | | |natural world around them. They had many | | | | |gods which represented elements of the | | | | |natural world in which the different | | | | |tribes lives. | | Part 3: North American Colonies Response Using the Readings found on the [pic] page, prepare a 350- to 700-word response in which you compare and contrast the early British North American colonies; for example, the Virginia colony and the Massachusetts Bay colony: in terms of their goals, government, social structure, and religion. In your response be sure to address the ways in which they were similar and different, and why. Be sure to properly cite any references.

The most significant differences between the British colonies in North America lay between the ones in New England and those in the south. The colonies of New England were mainly founded by English people escaping religious persecution in England. While, the colonies in the south were founded mainly for financial gain, though some of the New England colonies were stuck out at first for the same reasons. For example, the colony that would soon become Pennsylvania started out as an attempt to make money by selling land parcels to refuges of English religious persecution and others. In the south he colony that would become Virginia started as a corporate venture by the London Company. The proprietors of this company hoped that if they financed a group (and later groups) of people to come to the new world and set up shop that they would make financial gains off the gold they would find (they were convinced there was gold, because of the success the Spanish had in pursuing it in South America). There were some colonies in New England that were founded solely on the basis of creating the “perfect” Christian communities by different denominations of the Protestant and Puritan faiths. Among hese were the settlers of Plymouth Rock. Roger Williams and his followers founded Rhode Island in an attempt to get away (for Roger it was because he had been banished from the Massachusetts Bay colony), from religious persecution in the New World by the same people who fled England in attempt to get away from the same. In the south, colonies were mainly set up as corporate ventures as I stated earlier. The first colony of Jamestown was there for gold and other precious goods. While, Maryland and the Carolina colonies were created as an attempt for their proprietors to get rich on land schemes and by taking ortions of the settlers goods i. e. crops and such that they farmed. In terms of goods between the two colonial areas the southern colonies made good in growing tobacco mainly, while, the northern colonies grew crops such as beans, pumpkins and corn. They both at fur trades, but of the two only the New England colonies did not have as much trouble with the natives. Southern colonies battled the native’s for years over the settler’s infringement of more and more of their lands among other things. While, in the New England colonies they did not have as much problems with the Indians.

Two factors contribute to this: 1) By the time settlers reached the New England area many of the natives had already been wiped out by earlier explorer’s diseases. Small Pox among others created deadly plagues in these areas destroyed much of the population prior to their arrival and in the settlers early years there. Since the natives were eventually outnumbered by the settlers, the Indians in this area were way more compromising and in the most part just sold their land off and left. 2) The settlers who came to the New England region were much more respectful of the Indians han their counterparts in the south. For the most part, they started with the idea that the land belonged to the natives, so they would buy or trade for their lands instead of pushing the Indians off like in the south. The majority of settlers in both the New England colonies and those of the south were Christians. They varied in denomination somewhat, but in most colonies charters were created allowing the freedom of worship to all. Southern and New England colonies had governors or proprietors who were the final word in all issues, but the governors were voted in and most areas had representative assemblies.

Throughout the 17th century many people of English origin flooded into the new world with the thought of a new beginning. In order to start their new lives, the English began settling in two main areas; known as the New England and Chesapeake regions. Although these areas were colonized by the same type of people, many differences existed amongst them. Religion was a main aspect in the differences between New England and Chesapeake. New England was founded for the purpose of religious freedom.

The Puritans who first stepped off the Mayflower and landed in New England arrived with a perfect vision of what they believed their church would be like. They left England for the reason that they didn’t agree on the principles of the Church of England. This colony allowed them to worship whomever they chose. Although they had started a new life in a new place they remained faithful to the king of England. In order to become a saint one had to go through the conversion process which included declaring your sins in front of your community. This granted church membership, which included the right to vote.

Unlike New England, religion wasn’t a main objective in the Chesapeake society. Religion in the Chesapeake region was not at all common, except in a few areas. The colony of Maryland was intended as a sanctuary for Catholics after being mistreated when the Catholic Church separated from the Church of England. Some Virginians who were still religious remained Anglican. These differences between the colonies developed because of the people who settled there. New England was compromised of families who came to the New World in search of religious freedom while the Chesapeake Region consisted of young men whose only focus was money.

This proves that the types of people that settled in these regions, led to the religious diversity between them. Furthermore the political systems that existed in the New England and Chesapeake regions were also different. The government in New England changed many times through history, starting with the Mayflower Compact. It stated how the Puritans would establish a civil government while still being loyal to the king. Later the colonists demanded a court system known as General Court and a representative government. The king appointed a royal governor for each colony. These governors followed the orders of the king.

They had a bicameral legislative: one which was appointed by the king and the other by the people. The local government involved the county court system which dealt with issues in the immediate town. These issues were discussed in the town meeting which only men were allowed to attend. Every man was given a freedom of speech during the town meetings. The right to vote was based on church membership. In the Chesapeake region every colony had a royal governor appointed by the king. They convinced the king to let them have an elected assembly but only if they paid for colonies by taxes.

This assembly was known as the House of Burgesses and if elected it was a lifetime position. The local government consisted of a county court system which could set local tax rates and build roads. The right to vote was based on land ownership. The reasons the governments were different is because of the beliefs the inhabitants of each area had. The New Englanders believed religion was the key which led to more of a democratic type of government where they have more say. The people of the Chesapeake region revolved around making money. These differences in beliefs led to the variations in the types of governments.

In addition to religion and political systems, the types of people that settled in these regions contributed to the differences. In the New England region the main focus was religion and family. People who first settled here were Puritans who broke off from the Church of England looking for religious freedom. New England attracted many families at the time. Since there were an equal number of males and females the birth rate was through the roof. They believed public education was key to resist the devil, which resulted in the Old Deluders act.

Most New Englanders were loggers, fishers, or shipbuilders since the colony didn’t have a suitable geography and climate for agriculture. Social reciprocity was also common where everything was equal among people. The Chesapeake region was inhabited mostly by young men who come to the New World in pursuit of money. Since women were rare they had a larger influence than in New England. Tobacco was responsible for the success of some of these men. Tobacco became a very popular crop and required lots of land and labor. Indentured servants were hired to grow the tobacco.

Settlers started replacing indentured servants with slaves because they could be driven harder with little to no compensation. These differences between the people of these colonies were based on their principles. New Englanders was centered on religion and family while Chesapeake revolved around young men trying to make money. The settler’s principles led to the variances between the types of people that occupied in these colonies. Religion, political systems, and the types of people who occupied the New England and the Chesapeake regions, contributed to why they had evolved into two distinct societies over time.

Throughout history, many people from the same country have immigrated to different lands where their new lifestyles had very little in common. This was obvious in the settlement of the New England and Chesapeake colonies before 1700 which caused the development of dissimilar societies. The people of colonies formed different governments upon arrival to North America.

They had different motives and incentives for immigrating to America. The composition of the colonists of New England and the Chesapeake area were nothing like one another during the settlement of the colonies.The people of the northern New England colonies and the southern Chesapeake colonies formed separate and different governments upon arrival in the New World. In New England, a town hall style of direct democracy was created. This created fair rule by the people, and property owning men could vote. Towns were set up for the common welfare of the people and for the glory of God not upon socio-economic standing. (Doc.

D). People were not to be greedy but were allowed to make a living for their families. The people of New England set out to take care of one another and not to take advantage of their fellow man in pursuit of wealth (Doc.E). In the southern colonies of the Chesapeake, representative democracies were set up. The Virginia House of Burgesses was the first legislative body in the New World. The representative democracy was really more like an aristocracy in which the wealthy citizens controlled the government.

Southern society was based upon economic status. There was a distinct upper and lower class (Doc. G). These aristocracies took money from the lower class and used it for the personal gains of the upper class which caused dissatisfaction in the lower class (Doc. H).These acts included the repossession of farms and other medial assets of the poor in the South. The dissatisfaction of the poor lead to Bacon’s Rebellion and many others that further separated the socio-economic division so evident in the Chesapeake colonies.

Because of the distinct differences in governing their colonies, the Chesapeake and New England colonies developed separate societies in the New World despite coming from the same mother England. The colonists of New England and the Chesapeake regions had different motives and incentives for settlement of the New World.New Englanders came to America in search of religious freedom. Their religious practices were a major aspect in colonization. The Puritans, who settled in present day Massachusetts, wanted to be an example to the rest of the world by governing their colony by their faith (Doc. A). The colonists of New England were prepared for a permanent settlement of their colony, so they brought with them the necessary provisions for the survival of their colony.

Because the New Englanders had a plan for colonization, they prepared to survive the wilderness and freezing cold of the present day northeastern United States.The Chesapeake colonies were not so well prepared for life in the New World. The first Virginians were not intending on staying long. They had heard stories of gold in North America and were determined to get rich quick and return to England. The basis of the exploration of the Chesapeake Bay was a gold rush. Unfortunately, there was never much gold in the region. While the citizens of the colony were searching for gold, they did not worry about provisions.

A harsh winter came upon the colony and brought Virginia into what historians call the Starving Time (Doc.F). Because the foundation of the Chesapeake colony was based on a search for wealth, necessary provisions were not thought of, so the southern colonies had a slow start on being a successful settlement. Because of differing interests and motives in colonization, the New Englanders had a head start in colonization and settlement on the Chesapeake colonists, thus developing a social divide in the colonists of the two regions. The demographical makeup and composition of the northern and southern colonists were different during the colonization of their settlements.The northern colonies were built to be permanent. They looked to the future, so the colonist brought their families over with them.

This caused a healthy distribution of men and women as well as rich and poor (Doc. B). Socio-economic classes were not an issue as the people of New England were willing to work with one another for the good of the colony. Among these people were artisans and merchants that could contribute to society. These people became the base of their colony and helped their region to thrive for years to come.The southern colonies were composed of mostly treasure-seeking young men with no intrinsic value (Doc. C).

They were not craftsmen or merchants; they were just young men in search of gold. Their lack of skills necessary for survival in the New World caused early southerners to depend on farming to survive. Only the rich could afford the land needed to become successful plantation owners in the South, but they relied on indentured servants and later slaves to maintain their lives in the colonies. This caused a natural divide between rich and poor in the South that became routine in southern life.The early set backs in colonization and lack of unity challenged the southerners for many generations to come. The supremacy of the northern colonies in economics and civilization in general caused the northerners to look down upon the southern colonies despite the fact that they too were Englishmen. Many people of the same nation have come to different lands and drifted apart in social divides.

This was evident in the colonization of the northern and southern colonies before 1700, the cause of which was the development of separate societies.The people of the northern and southern colonies formed different governing bodies during the colonization of North America. These groups had different motives and incentives for coming to the New World. The demographical and social makeup of the colonists of New England and the Chesapeake area were different from one another during the colonization of the settlements. The Chesapeake and New England colonies became two separate societies despite the fact that both emigrated from England.