Pregnancy

Product a leaflet which describes (Pl) the provision of exercise or 3 of the target groups you have studied: disabled people, antenatal, postnatal, older adults, children etc. The three gym sectors are Public local government which leisure centre Gym, Desires Gym, Southwest Gym etc. Another sector is the private provision which includes nationwide gyms such as DEW Sports Gym, Pure Gym, Oasis and Bayonets Gym. The final sector in the voluntary sector which may Just be a local Samba class this class will have very little cost involved and is not there to gain masses of profit.

Before I research what each provision has to offer for the specific ropes I can have a rough idea for what they may offer. The gyms that are ran by the government may have a wider variety of classes as the government want everybody to get involved and they will employ people and invest money into getting a healthier population and include all groups in their classes to target all groups. Whereas private gyms are nationwide and will have a lot of customers.

They may look to offer classes towards wherever there is the most profit as they don’t have government money so they can invest as much into specific groups if they can’t get the customers, forever due to them having a lot of customers already from specific groups they may set up a proper class to meet their needs. The voluntary sector will have less money to fund the classes so they may only have a couple of classes or even Just one that can involve every if possible or the widest target area so they might be more of a struggle to find classes for specific groups.

Pre Natal Women are restricted from how much exercise they can do and what type of exercise they can do. Many women may already go to the gym before they are pregnant so they will wish to continue their exercise and will want to look for classes that can suit their needs and not put them in any danger of damaging and injuring themselves whilst pregnant.. However other pre natal women may not have been to the gym before however they may want to start going to the gym while they are pregnant to keep them fit rather than Just sat down doing no exercise.

It will be better for the baby which may attract them to use the gym and find out what classes there are at the gym. I am going to look at a variety of gyms from different sectors to find out what they can offer. All gyms have different aims and objectives and I will try to find out if any of the gyms have any aims to achieve through working with pre natal women. The benefits mean pre natal women will want to get into exercise and want to know what is available for them. DEW Sports Gym is a Private provision gym and is not involved or funded by any government.

This gym doesn’t advertise any specific exercise groups however they offer a wide range of group exercises. Not all classes would be available for pre natal women however there is some they will be able to take part in due to their condition. The exercises they can take part in are Palates and Aqua sessions. The majority of the sessions are in the 10:00 – 17:00 time slot which could be a problem as they may work through until the late stages of their pregnancy and the gym sessions are inside mainstream working hours.

As these classes are not for specific groups the price of the class is included in your gym membership at the gym which is priced at EYE. O for a full membership including peak and off peak hour’s access. Whereas Bloodworm gyms time slots for exercises classes that can involve pre natal women are in the evening making it easier for pre natal women to attend in case they have mainstream working ours. Here is a part of their timetable which shows both the Palates and Yoga classes that are available: no gym included and they usually only deliver one specific class.

A popular example of this is Samba classes as they are often ran outside of gyms in leisure centers or village halls. For pre natal women I have found one class in the local area called ‘Fit Bumps Fit Mums’ they deliver pre natal yoga classes and Palate’s classes. This class is designed specifically for pre natal women. In my opinion this is the best option for pre natal women in the local area as it is specific to them. They have evening sessions at SST Thomas church hall, they also have a session at west Knots collage.

The sessions have to be paid for 6 weeks in advance and the cost is EYE. O this means it is roughly E each session which could be seen as more expensive however if you pay for a gym membership and use it once a week then you pay around EYE for 6 weeks’ worth of membership. So it is near enough Just as much as gym session however it is much more specific exercise group with other people in the same situation, this gives pre natal women a chance to mix with each other and meet and socialist with new friends. All participants will be at the same level as well.

Whereas at a gym there will be normal fit people taking part sop you may struggle to keep up with them. Post Natal Women will be going through a stage trying to get rid of their baby fat. Women on average should usually wait 6 Weeks before getting back into regular exercise, this will differ depending on how much exercise you took part in before child birth. For the women who attended the gym during pregnancy then they will wish to carry on specific classes as they will still be restricted certain types and mounts of exercise.

For the women who didn’t already attend the gym before or during pregnancy then they will defiantly not want to free train they will want a class specific to them so they can get their fitness back and continue with their normal lifestyle. I will research what each gym from different sectors has to offer and compare what gym would be the most suitable for post natal women. This will be the gym with the best classes for these specific groups with targets to improve that specific area and also if there is a choice we will look at what gyms have better more accessible facilities and which gym that you get best value of money from.

For Post natal women the voluntary sector again offers good classes, the same voluntary provision ‘Fit Bumps Fit Mums’ which continue on after the pregnancy they do a ’21 day plan’ ran through an online programmer accessible by their private Backbone group. The programmer includes 21 days’ worth of workouts that can be done at home. I believe this is a good idea as it means they don’t have to go straight back to exercise in a gym where they may feel like they are behind which will be depressing for them.

The online programmer costs EYE 1 believe this an extremely good price as you would pay more for a gym membership and wouldn’t even go 21 days in one month. They offer online motivation and can be done whenever best for you and you won’t have to travel this will suit post natal women as they will have babies that they won’t be able to go to a gym with them this makes it much more suitable for their situation. Elderly People Being active can play an important part in both positive ageing and reducing frailty, helping to reduce the risk of falls. It can help older people maintain their health, well- deteriorate as a natural part of ageing.

Weakened muscles are not as strong to cope with everyday tasks such as getting up from a chair or walking, and people’s balance can be affected. Being active throughout life and especially in older age can help to slow down the rate that muscles deteriorate. This can help older people remain active and independent as long as possible and also reduce the risk of falls in later life. Not all older people have the same needs. For older people who are reasonably healthy and active or whose function has only slightly declined, lots of different activities can help them to remain strong, for as long as possible.

For older people it is recommended to get a GAP referral so that you can be referred to a fitness group/ gym that know exactly how to deal with your needs to prevent injury or damage but still improve your fitness. People who are out of shape or elderly should start aerobic training gradually. For example, they may start with 5 – 10 minutes of low-impact aerobic activity every other day and build toward a goal of 30 minutes per day, three to seven times a week. Swimming is an ideal exercise for many elderly people and or certain people with physical limitations.

People with physical limitations include pregnant women. At DEW Fitness there are many classes available to suit the needs of older people such as Palates, Yoga and Aqua aerobics. All these classes are free when signed on to a gym membership wherever it is a monthly or yearly membership contract. Membership contracts at DEW fitness for seniors is EYE. 95 if you wish to may monthly or IEEE. 40 for a upfront yearly cost with offers such as 2 months free and Join before 30th November and don’t start payment until 1st January.

I always had this preconceived idea of how wonderful pregnancy would be. Had so often heard of the pregnancy “glow’, having razz cravings, being able to eat anything wanted because, of course, I was now eating for two. Grew up hearing my mother tell me how she loved being pregnant. Sways so happy to be starting my new journey. My pregnancy didn’t quite go that way. When I was pregnant with my son, it seemed as if those nine months dragged on forever. Morning sickness began 24/7 the day after I found out to the day I went into labor.

I talked to so many people, read so many articles and books, and just kept looking and waiting for that “Honeymoon Trimester,” the second trimester, when everything was owing to get better, and it would be the best experience ever. Was one of those rare cases that, until my son was born, the sickness wouldn’t stop. I ended up at nine months pregnant being thirteen pounds less than my pre- pregnancy weight because of being so sick every day. Atone point, I remember thinking I would give anything to do an “l Dream of Jeannie” blink to make that time disappear.

Because of that, started having doubts that I would be a good mother and even be able to handle the responsibility of it all. Finally, the time came. Went into labor the evening of 26 February 2011. Not only was finally not going to be sick every day anymore, but I was going to finally going to meet the little man I had been so anxiously waiting to meet the last nine months. 27 February 2011 at 3:23 pm, I gave birth to the most beautiful baby I had ever seen. It was one of the most exciting experiences of my life!

The moment the doctor put my 6 pound 13 ounce, 19 h inch long son in my arms became a moment I will never forget I felt complete and utter overwhelming joy. As I looked into those big blue eyes, I forgot about everything. It was worth every second! I would do it all over again. At that very moment, looking at the beautiful newborn baby boy that I created, I realized what true love was. It was the most amazing feeling. Having my son at the young age of 20 has given me a different perspective on life, even a little more patience.

Sometimes, I believe it has made me a better person and made me appreciate life and its challenges so much more. I am a better mom because Of it. I absolutely love all the challenges and rewards that motherhood brings. Instead of neatness, order, and everything in its place in y home, I now find Ninja Turtles in my shoes and socks hanging on the Christmas Tree. My purse has Batman band-aids, fruit snacks, and crayons in it. And I wouldn’t have it any other way! One of the best things about being a mom is discovering my hidden abilities.

Things I never could have imagined being capable of doing, I do without even thinking about it. Who knew a person could blow dry their hair, play Ninja Turtles, and brush their teeth all at the same time, or that an entire meal could be cooked with only one hand while holding a baby in the other? Not in my wildest dreams could I have imagined that my kisses on a little forehead or an owe could have such a healing power. Also found out that I am the queen of multitasking. I can get more done in a couple of hours that used to take a whole day to get done.

The little miracle I gave birth to has also showed me that I can manage with a mere four hours of sleep, or even less. Who knew? Watching Chase grow from a happy, playful baby into a very active, outgoing, silly, loving, smart little boy is an amazing experience. Love watching him learn and create and grow into the beautiful little boy he was created to be. He is all this and so much more. My life is so much richer, fuller, and more meaningful because I have the privilege of being a mother, his mother. I cherish every moment, every day.

Being a mom has made me into the person was meant to be. It teaches me that it’s the little things that matter most. It has taught me that true happiness does not come from material items or the money I have in my pocket. Happiness is seeing his face light up with a big smile on his face. I love that motherhood has taught me to slow down, not to sweat the small stuff, and appreciate the days, not marked y one or two spectacular moments, but rather just by the simple joy, peace, and fulfillment we get by being together as a family.

Motherhood is a roller coaster ride of emotions, one where I learn on the go and just pray that I’m doing it right, but it is also the best thing that has ever happened to me. I can’t put into words how wonderful this journey of motherhood has been so far or how much I am looking forward to all the experiences yet to come as my son grows. I couldn’t imagine my life without my little boy, the little boy who has made me a better person. Not only am I Chases hero, he is mine.

It is commonly known that the economic base determines the superstructure. Furthermore, as the economy developing, people’s behaviors are changing frequently. Moreover, the teenage group, which is a significant and energetic group in society, is playing an important role in future development. However, our teens have to face many situations they might not have encountered in the past but are more likely to confront today, most especially teen pregnancy.

In this regard, it is crucial o focus on the seriousness of the situation and its vast number of social consequences. Due to unbalanced economic development, globalization, and social consequences, teenagers have been involved in this adult issue, which results in teenagers’ prematurely and pregnancy. However, the whole society and government has not launched any possible methods or policies to prevent teen pregnancy and eliminate the influence of prematurely. Teen pregnancy creates social burden as well as lifelong harm of teenagers “At minimum, the public cost of births to teens 17 and younger is $ 7. Lion a year, according to research presented recently at a national forum in Chicago. The calculation includes both the lower taxes that these often impoverished families contribute and the extra social services they require” (“Teen motherhood” 7). This reference clearly shows teen pregnancy causes a huge amount of money being spent from social welfare and health care. However, even the same issue of teen pregnancy, in the developed countries and in the developing countries will be comprehended and solved differently in.

For example, in China, the economic velveteen leads people have a better life if comparing couple of decades ago. Most importantly, Chinese government has the policy of opening to the outside world; therefore, masses of movies, magazines and Websites on the Internet or not spread out family by family in all of China. People progressively discover the unknown countries and cultures, meanwhile, people’s mind being changed because of the raising standard of living. People are enabled and willing to purchase anything that builds their spirit.

Conservativeness is no longer used to describe the young generation nowadays in China. However, with these changes, there is a negative consequence affecting these teenagers: “a recent report on sex education revealed middle school students in Fashion, Guano Province starting dating and having sexual experiences at 13 has sparked a storm of controversy’ (Source: Global Times people daily). In this case, it is obvious that teen pregnancy and prematurely is a growing issue in China as well as other developing countries, and is worthy of attention.

In China, adolescents’ education always takes this issue seriously and strictly in people’s minds. However, it appears the education has not achieved enough to educate teens in an appropriate way. The sex education has not totally failed but has not alleviated teen pregnancy much, either. “Too much exposure of sex Economic Costs and Social Consequences of Teen Pregnancy By stephanotis is not fully in place in China and many teenagers are shielded from any form of sex education, which fuels their curiosity’ (Source: Global Times people daily).

Obviously, teenagers access sex easily as well as dangerously; meanwhile, they lack awareness of sexuality. “A senior middle school student who refused to identify himself told the Global Times yesterday that his teacher skipped the pages on sex education and asked them to read it at home” (Source: Global Times people daily). This is the weakness of the education in regards to sexuality among the students who are experiencing the adolescent period. They could not establish a concept about sexuality and an appropriate attitude to respect and understand what sexuality is.

Virtually all teenagers could not independently lead their lives like adults. Therefore, our teens need necessarily guidance by their family members and teachers from schools. “Saving Sex for Later is a promising intervention for promoting youths’ sexual abstinence. The intervention may also be effective in enhancing positive parenting practices among parents who are typically difficult to reach because of economic hardship, full schedules and complicated life” (Lydia 166).

To avoid the teenage pregnancy, the parents need to contribute their times and energy to stay with their children and educate them how to lead a healthy life regarding sexuality. Sex education is necessary to teens, and how to enrich teens after school life is also worthy to regard. Parents are playing an important role in guiding teens to act their life and get involved in social life. How teens to make a choice and why make that choice should being considered by their parents. Obviously, America as a developed country has being pay an attention on teen pregnancy issue.

Of course, this is the differences between developing countries and developed countries in regards to this issue. Assuredly, at economic point of view, developing countries take the dust of developed countries but this is not the pretext of ignorance of teen pregnancy issue. However, economic development is a quite important criteria for Judgment while government or individual dealing with sensitive and serious social issues such as en pregnancy. Causes The booming development of economy significantly affects teenagers’ mental growth and behaviors.

Due to economic development, not only do adults have more time to relax and be entertained, but also teens. Moreover, adolescence is a period that is full of curiosity to discover the unknown phenomenon and activities in life. Especially, sexuality is a very sensitive topic among teenagers as well as their parents and teachers. Multimedia plays an important role in teenagers’ lives. TV shows, magazines and movies are the most eligible and broad approaches to teens for entertainment.

Nevertheless, those medias are uncontrollable by government or organization in a sense. Therefore, teenagers have different approaches to access. Because of these influences of sex in the media, author Carolyn Cocoa states that in America, for example, “In recent years, adolescent sexuality and statutory rape have been constructed as leading inexorably to teen pregnancy and welfare dependency? manipulative older males impregnate young vulnerable females, who then give birth and apply for public assistance” (Cocoa 56).

Teenagers’ mental growth directly insects with their behaviors Just like example mentioned. Accordingly, “Over teenagers. Although the total number of births to teenagers declined between Andean 1988, the percentage born out of wedlock more than doubled (from 29 to 65 percent), and the teenage out-of-wedlock birth rate increased from about 22 per 1,000. Over 11,000 babies were born to children under the age of fifteen in 1988” (Corcoran 603). As stated by Corcoran, these statistics appear the impact of teen pregnancy.

In addition to this, there are other impacts of teen pregnancy influence teenagers as well as the society. For instance, due to teenagers lack awareness of sexuality and contraception. Female teenagers easily get unplanned pregnant and directly lead to abortions; meanwhile, it’s including other outcomes such as dissemination of HIVE and venereal. Douglas Observer argues in his book, Social costs of teenage sexuality, “There are many negative consequences that result from teenage sexual activity.

The number of abortions performed on teenage girls nearly doubled from 1973 to 1984. More than 50% of pregnant girls who do not have abortions end up on welfare within one year of giving birth. Venereal diseases are also a problem” (Observer 3). There are so many causes lead to teen pregnancy such as not completing education, not establishing a career, and failure to become independent. Teenage pregnancy is not reasonable; many of them are affected by unhealthy media as mentioned before and lack of sexuality education.

Most importantly, each of us, as a part of the whole society, is not only playing an important role in preventing teen pregnancy but also protect our social values in order to reserve for next generation. Each family is a unit of the society, family purport is necessary to youths in the intervention condition Just like O’Donnell exposed mouths in the intervention condition were more likely than controls to report high family support, and reported more family rules and fewer behavioral risks.

Family support and rules partially mediate the relationship between treatment condition and behavioral risks” (O’Donnell 166). As a solution, individual, families and the society have to establish an awareness of sexuality; meantime, it is necessary that launch possible methods or policies to prevent teen pregnancy and eliminate the influences of prematurely. Conclusion Kids having Kids is a very serious situation and worthy to pay attention on it. Indisputably, unplanned teen pregnancies cost both teens a lifelong harm as well as the wastage of social welfare.

Most importantly, teen pregnancy reflects vast number of issues that related to fundamental education and sanitation. Most importantly, if our communities and governments do not follow teen pregnancy closely, it will be a tremendous damage to social structure and take the whole society into a chaos. It is urgent that every social unit has to eliminate the contradiction in different hierarchy caused by teen pregnancy. No matter developed countries or developing countries should get together and help each other respectively and globally.

Work Cited

1. policy & practice 66. 5 (2008): 7. Academic Ennoble. Web. 10 DCE. 2010. Society 30. 6 (1993): 3+. Academic Ennoble. Web. 10 DCE. 2010
2. Adolescence 34. 135 (1999): 603. “The problem of teenage pregnancy. ” Journal of Family Practice 32. 1 (1991): 17+. Academic Ennoble. Web. 10 DCE. 2010.
3. O’Donnell, Lydia, et al. “Saving sex for later: an evaluation of a parent education intervention. ” Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health 37. 4 (2005): 166+. Academic Ennoble. Web. 10 DCE. 2010

Pregnancy and childbearing dramas important function in female parents ‘ lives. The birth of babe brings assorted emotions of joyful clip, and besides it brings tremendous alterations in physical and psychological facets of adult females ( CMHA, 2010 ) . Adjustments of these alterations puts adult females to be susceptible of holding anxiousness, fright, unhappiness, hopelessness and feeling of ineptitude, which are foundations of depression ( CMHA, 2010 ) . Such feelings of depression symptoms may take into a mild depression – which is called babe blues and tends to travel off in shorter period of clip ( 3-5 yearss ) ( CMHA, 2010 ) . However, if the mild depression left untreated, continuity of depressive symptoms turns intoA terrible type of postpartum depression ( PPD ) which interferes with female parent ‘s ability to take attention of ego, her bond and fond regard with kid, every bit good as puts strain on the household ( Edhbrog, Friberg, Lundh, and Widstrom, 2005 ) . The strength and grade of a adult female ‘s get bying responseA may be influenced by feeling of failure, guilt, hurt, concerns, solitariness, uncertainness, and unrealized outlooks ( Edhbrog et al. , 2005 ) . Therefore, the purpose of this scholarly paper is to an analysis of a wellness issue ( PPD ) by utilizing four different equal reviewed articles to back up the grounds of how increasing depressive symptoms, deficiency of societal support and low economic position can do break in wellness of kid denudation and kid rise uping household which can be prevented with the aid of wellness attention supplier ( nurse ) by utilizing proper intercession to advance better wellness attention.

Second foremost factors in PPD impacting wellness of households are deficiency of societal support web which has important consequence on the female parents to obtain expected support from society, household, relations and friends. The handiness of societal support is an of import variable in easing a female parent ‘s load and taking to better accommodation to the new demands made on her ( Benoit, Westfall, Treloar, Phillips, & A ; Jansson, 2007 ) . However, in some civilization male childs are consider as inheriting the household ‘s belongings and wealth, where misss are consider as decreasing a adult female ‘s position and a menace to her felicity in the PPD ( Bina, 2008 ) . Harmonizing to article three, during PPD, the importance of societal support differs chiefly depending on female parents ‘ cultural background such as: an association between ‘gender bind ‘ is an illustration, in which gender of the kid culturally desired before the baby is born ( Bina, 2008 ) . If the expected desire does non fit with the outlook of the civilization, it greatly affects the societal support given to the female parent from the household and society by cut downing importance of her position in household. At the same clip, when society frissons at the household ; comparative, friends, household every bit good as spouse besides feels ashamed and creates maltreatment and hatred towards female parent for giving birth to a miss in which female parent may meet feelings of weakness, isolation and depression rupture the bond between female parent and baby ( Bina, 2008 ) . Sometimes, female parents who give birth to the twins ( one babe male child and other babe miss ) tends to hold more depression because fostering one kid ( male child ) more kindly than other kid ( miss ) affects the developmental growing of the kid ( Bina, 2008 ) . Furthermore, sufficient societal support mechanisms such as community groups, churches, and school or sports-related activities, can move as a barrier against negative thought and allow female parents who are prone to depression, in order to do better, more positive picks and prosecute in healthy kid development ( Bina, 2008 ) . Therefore, female parents frequently suffer from function strain over conflicting and overpowering duties in their life, because of the tendency of society, desired expectancy and expected support shapes the wellness of kid bearing and kid rise uping households.

The 3rd last, but non a least, factor in the PPD impacting the wellness of household is low economic position. It has been demonstrated in the article oneA that deficiency of employment of female parents due to the added duty of kid establishes greater hazard forA developing depression subsequently in life than those who are transientlyA hapless ( Benoit et al. , 2007 ) . Women populating in low-income households increases opportunity for force, deficiency of resources for aid, a survival attitude, poorer nutrition and general wellness, and lower opportunity of holding a good instruction for healthy nurturance of kid ( intervention for upset ) – all of these factors affect the wellness of single household members ( Benoit et al. , 2007 ) . For illustration, alterations in hours of employment due to the extra duty of kid and house jobs, low income addition comparison to more end product, consequences in higher degree of depressive symptoms. Overall low income in family can besides do hard for female parent to fulfill the demands of babies and household which welcome the hazard factors of disease such as: high blood pressure, anemia, and anorexia nervosa ( Benoit et al. , 2007 ) . So, low income in household can do incapable of providing consistent child care. Thus, economic position dramas outstanding function particularly with the deficiency of societal support and increased in mental emphasis, financially non merely impacts the female parent but besides it has inauspicious consequence on the baby every bit good as the household.

Furthermore, I as a function of nurse, it is significantly of import to construct up accurate intercessions schemes depending on badness and necessity, to eliminate the consequence of the postpartum depression happening in wellness of household by the aid of the nursing diagnosing. Get downing with, to stamp down the depressive symptoms in PPD would assist me as nurse to reflect on female parents ‘ ego construct to busy more in depth cognition of factors, effects and affects to see different state of affairs of single household with new lenses of attention ( Wang et al. , 2005 ) . It would besides assist me as a nurse to supply individualised, flexible, and non-pharmacological interventions attention based on badness degree and maternal penchant ( Wang et al. , 2005 ) . I, as a nurse would besides follow best pattern guideline for verification, bar, and intervention of female parents with depressive symptoms in the first postpartum twelvemonth. Traveling on towards supplying sufficient societal support can be done by directing towards available resources such as speaking therapies which will promote female parents to show their feelings and speaking on phone and cyberspace web based back uping groups will back up female parents straight from place ( RNAO, 2005 ) . In add-on, I as a nurse will besides turn connexion of female parent with cultural groups sing person ‘s belief and values to supply cultural sensitive attention. Last, to better the economic position of family-mother related to infant, I as a nurse would seek to increase the nexus of household with other members in society to heighten more societal support which will assist female parent and household to derive financially relief and sustain basic necessities for endurance ( Benoit et al. , 2007 ) . For illustration, doing household and female parent aware of economic support groups such as nutrient casts, public assistance aid will assist to relieve economic emphasis ( Benoit et al. , 2007 ) . Therefore, through intercessions, I as a nurse, being cognizant of the effects and indispensable stairss to be taken to forestall and better wellness of kid bearing and kid rise uping households more expeditiously will impound the long term complication of PPD.

Therefore, postnatal depression is mental wellness issue where it ‘s of import to acknowledge its features to originate appropriate early intercessions and cut down the long term affects on mother-child relationship every bit good as wellness of kid bearing and rise uping households. As facts mentioned in four article throughout the scholarly paper illustrates different intercessions, affects and symptoms used for the different factors of increasing depressive symptoms, deficiency of societal support and low economic position leads to hold negative result on interpersonal relationship between kid, female parent and within household. Harmonizing to the household system theory, alterations happening in one member influence the whole household ( Perry, Hockenberry, Lowdermilk, & A ; Wilson, 2010 ) . Similarly in order to concentrate on separate person in household the impact of beef uping the whole household will be greater than the amount of its parts ( Perry et al. , 2010 ) . Furthermore, three factors related to PPD are interrelated because economic emphasis was associated with depressive symptoms and appeared to exercise portion of its influence by cut downing societal support. As a consequence, minimising the PPD minimizes the impact of symptoms on female parents ‘ ability to nature her new born kid which will procure the attachment bond with baby and every bit good as societal support will let herself to be strengthen and beef uping her failing will better the overall wellness of kid bearing and rise uping households ( Benoit et al. , 2007 ) . Hence, PPD is disorder where there is n’t any peculiar medicine for it, but there are interventions and schemes that can assist in decreasing this issue that is impacting about every kid bearing and rise uping households.

The institution of family is as old as man himself. It is the basic social cell. Sociologists and economists have always been propounding the ways to improve quality of life, which is difficult to achieve if the population remains unchecked. India launched a nation-wide Family Welfare Program in 1952, during the first five year plan, making it the first country in the world to do so.

Components

The National family welfare Program in India has five components:

• Maternal and child health, extended to reproduction and child health care.
• Immunization of pregnant women by tetanus toxoid and that of children infant and preschoolers by BCG, oral polio , diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis and measles.
• Nutritional supplement- Iron and folic acid to pregnant women and children. Vit. A to prevent blindness
• Contraceptive education and distribution free and social marketing i. e Contraceptive Nirodh, Oral Contraceptive i. e Mala D, copper –T and that of voluntary surgical contraception E. Health education on primary health care particularly motivation to accept contraception.

Emphasis on vasectomy was made in the national program, currently spacing contraception is promoted.

Maternal and Child Health

It relates to health of mother during pregnancy, childbirth and post-natal period and that of newborn and neo-natal health. Reproductive and Child Health (RCH)- relates to extended MCH with adolescent and post-menopausal woman’s health. The RCH package covers:

• Pre-reproductive. Adolescent years: Health care of adolescent girl including health promotion, safe age of marriage > 20 years, prevention of unsafe abortion and prevention of sexually transmitted disease (STD/AIDS) . Reproductive Years
  • Contraception.
  • Legal Abortion ( MTP)
  • Effective RCH care to ensure safe motherhood. Risk approach RCH care is streamlines Male involvement in RCH care is essential.
  • Effective nutritional education to all and services to the vulnerable group.
  • Service to promote child survival.
  • Prevention and treatment of reproductive tract infection and sexually transmitted disease including HIV/AIDS high risk labor by automobile transport.
  • Prevention and treatment of gynecological problems menstrual disorders or infertility.
• Post reproductive Years
  • Prevention and care of genital prolapse Education on menopause.
  • Screening and treatment of cancer especially cervical cancer.

Immunization

Immunization to the mother and child was made one of the important approach. The WHO launched its Expanded program on immunization against six most common preventable childhood diseases, viz. diphtheria, pertussis (whooping cough), tetanus, polio, tuberculosis and measles. The government of India launched its EPI in 1978 with the objective to reduce mortality and morbidity resulting from vaccine-preventable diseases of childhood and to achieve self sufficiency, in the production of vaccine.

UIP in India was started in 1985. It has two vital components i. e. immunization of pregnant women against tetanus and immunization of children in their first year against the six targeted diseases.

Nutritional supplement

• Special Nutrition program: This program was started in 1970 for the nutritional benefit of children below 6 years of age, pregnant and nursing mothers and is in operation in urban slum, tribal areas and backward rural areas. The supplementary food supplies about 300 Kcal and 10-12 gms of protein per child per day. The beneficiary mothers receive daily 500 Kcal and 25 gms of protein. This supplement is provided to them for about 300 days in an year.
• Balwadi Nutrition Program: This program was started in 1970 for the benefit of children in the age group 3-6 years. It is under the overall charge of Department of Social Welfare. The food supplement provides 300 Kcal and 10gms of protein per child.
• Mid-day Meal Program: The program was started in 1961 with an objective to promote school admissions, prevent drop-outs and improve literacy of children. The food should be a supplement not a substitute.
• Should supply at least 1/3rd of total energy and half of total protein requirement.
• Should be such that can be easily prepared at schools.
• Locally available.
• Avoid monotony.
• Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS)
• Improvement of the nutritional and health status of children below 6 years of age,
• Basic service for proper psychological, physical and social development of the child,
• Reduction in the incidence of morbidity, mortality, malnutrition and school dropout
• Effective coordination of policy and implementation amongst the various departments to promote child development
• The Under-five clinic. This type of service was developed to dispense preventive curative and promotive health services in a unified manner

The Under-Five card consists of – record of weight, assessment of nutrition and necessary nutritional advice, Immunization, family planning advice, treatment of Illness.

Contraceptive education and distribution:

Contraception education received a new impetus with the creation of the Mass Education Media (MEM) division within the Department of Family welfare during the Inter-plan period of 1966-69. Under free distribution schemes and the Social Marketing Program, contraceptives, both condoms and oral pills are sold at subsidized rates. E. Health Education on Primary Health Care. Health education on following components was given through various Health professionals.

• Integrated family planning
• Health education activities and
• Community development programs.

There has been significant decline in the mortality and fertility rates due to successive growth and development of family planning programe as shown in the following figure.

Conclusion

The Family Planning Programme in India has come a long way and is considered as a way of life by most people. It can be seen from the figure that there has been an impressive increase in the outlays in the successive plan period. But in reality the outlay for each plan falls short especially for taking up any new venture because most of the cost is utilized for maintaining the infrastructure.

A simple exchange of niceties An insecure, pregnant, presumably young woman, who finds a certain security in a bench – that is what the short story, A simple exchange of niceties, written by the author Joanne Feeder, is about. The narrator makes everything depend on how the bench defines her and what it brings to her life. When it is occupied, she walks past it and accepts it. When it is not, she feels as if it is hers entirely and gets annoyed when other people come and sit next to her.

So the day that someone does sit next to her, and not only that, but also talks to her about their problems, she again lets the bench decide err fate and destiny. The Story is written in first person narrator’s point Of view. The narrator is a presumably young girl, who got pregnant. She did not plan her pregnancy. She is a very insecure girl, who throughout the story uses a lot of negative language towards herself. In general her language is very young, informal and very much spoken language.

She uses terms like “to be scraped out of me” (page 1 line 5) “it was a bucking cigarette that got me into this mess at the first place” (page 2 line 51) when talking about her future abortion and how smoking is bad for a pregnant woman. The story is filled with her thoughts and inputs such as “Did it look like didn’t mind” (page 2 line 72). This makes the readers get a more personal connection with the narrator, since not only her situation, but also her thoughts about it are explained. That the narrator is insecure is showed during the story.

How the guy she got pregnant with and her best friend, Barbie, calls her a trashy where and she just accepts it. She has no opinion of her own. This may have started with her bad relationship with her mother. She feels unloved by her mother, feels as if she were a mistake that should have never been born. She feels she is someone who would never go anywhere in life, someone who could never accomplish anything. Again she is very hard on her insecure self, never even asking the mother if this was the actual case. The narrator does not like other people, is shy and afraid of sharing her bench.

The bench is her safe place, something that is always there, almost like a friend she has. The bench might stand for how she is afraid to share intimacy. The intimacy of sharing a bench, sitting next to each other and having a conversation. The intimacy of sharing a relationship. Whenever money sets next to her on what she sees as “her bench”, she gets upset and feels like her personal space has been invaded. In the text she explains how she does not mind sharing, it is not that, she just wants to have an exchange of niceties and that is it. It’s not that I don’t like sharing. I’d give anyone the shirt off my back or the food off my plate… I just like to be consulted first” (page 1 line 20). But how can she not be okay with sharing her bench, when she is okay with sharing other stuff? Even with the exchange of niceties, she still gets annoyed and feels invaded of her personal space. But as she meets the other woman in the story, this changes. She is annoyed at the beginning. We hear about all her prejudices, such as how the other woman is drinking from a water bottle and how the narrator finds this pretentious.

Again the need to be alone shows, she is trying to avoid the woman’s crying and sharing of personal problems. But the woman’s problem affects the narrator. They are similar. They both have an obsessive relationship with that particular bench. They both feel it’s their own. But beyond that, they are opposites. She is going through the beginning of an unwanted pregnancy while the other woman has en trying to conceive for years. Hearing these problems on the bench seem to affect her, because she gets the idea to “share” her baby -? or rather give it away to the other woman.

She wants to do something nice, and since she does not want it anyway, why not give it to someone who wants it very much? For the first time, she could do something with a purpose and it was because of what she experienced on her dear bench. “It was the first time I ever thought about coincidence and fate and all that stuff; you know, where all the pieces just fall together” (page 4 line 35) – she explains how she never thought about fate before, when in reality she had always been letting the bench decide for her, letting the bench be there for here.

And this was no different. As she carried the child to term, she never saw the other woman again. But it did not really matter; she had started to grow maternal love for her unborn child. “I was never tempted, not even once, to spend it on myself’ (page 5 line 165) she explains when talking about how her mother sent her money for the child. Her fate was now to keep it, for the child to be hers. The moment on he bench had changed her fate about aborting it. But the fact that she never met the other woman again changed her fate again -? she was now meant to keep it.

After she has giving birth, she is at the hospital with her mother. It is the happiest we hear her being throughout the entire text, so being on the bench that day really changed her life. But maybe now she would not need to visit it so often? Her messy life might still be messy, but in the end of the story, she has a lot of different people to also rely on to be friends, to be the one that waits for her when no one else does. She is not so lonely anymore.

Can you imagine having to urge to go pee 24 7, or what about gaining anywhere from 30 to 60 pounds, or even worse, contracting one of those nasty STD’s we’ve all heard about? Well neither can I. Therefore, when abstinence is not an option, protected sex is a must. In todays world, the image of sex is portrayed everywhere. On TV, the radio, social networking sites, even school and public settings. Teenagers are constantly surrounded by sexual intensions, it’s a part of culture that is truly unavoidable.

The media, portrays sex as fun and glamorous in plenty of ways, whether its movies, reality shows, or magazine ads, they never portray sex as something awful that can completely ruin your life, and give you no option but to take a turn for the worst. Teen sex in todays world, is nothing but false advertising. Most teens are not informed and educated on the risks of sex, and that is not entirely their fault. Parents tend to assume that children learn everything they need to know in school, and if they’re not asking questions, that they’re not even thinking about.

That’s where their wrong. Most teens are timid about discussing this subject with their parents and are embarrassed to even bring it up. Studies show that teenager who can talk to their parents about uncomfortable subjects, including sex, are less likely to become sexually active at an early age. When teens turn to their peers about sex, they get sugar coated information that they have developed from the media, which leads them into thinking incredibly false things.

Simply talking to your parents, discussing methods of protection, and how to obtain them could save teens lives, not to mention their reputations. Although teen pregnancy rates in Canada have declined greatly, the problem is far from solved. Pregnancy and being a mother is something much too large for any teenager to even grasp. The stress, anxiety, and toll it takes on your mind and body, is something no teen is ready for in high school. Pregnancy is an overall uncomfortable situation, consisting of sickness, weight gain, mood swings, swollen feet, constant urination, increased appetite, and much more.

Not to mention, pregnant teens will most likely not want to attend school, with all the stress and sickness, school is just not where they want to be, which will eventually result in poor grades and likely failure. Raising a child, requires money, money requires a job, which most always will require education. Acquiring an education can be near impossible when you have a baby at home, your focus would be all over the place and if you didn’t have a good family support system, it would be difficult to complete homework and assignments.

Okay, so we have all sat through those nasty sex ed presentations, disgusted at the images of unheard of STD’s. Passing up the knowledge from those presentations as something gross that would never happen to you, could be the worst mistake of your life. Teens contract STD’s daily, never expecting it.. With Chlamydia becoming a pandemic in our province, it is very important to trust nobody, and use protection every single time you partake in sexual activities. Believe it or not, you can contract an STD from something so simple as kissing, gross right?

Before you trust your partner, make sure you are well aware of their sexual history, and make them aware you are not willing to do anything without protection. The price teens could pay for begin sexually active far outweigh and advantages. Contracting an STD, becoming pregnant, and jeopardizing the rest of your life are only a few of the horrifying results of unprotected teen sex. Teens need to become educated and aware of all the risks, from parents or health professionals. Although the media might portray sex as something as simple and brushing your teeth, it’s a terrible trail to take. | ?