Renaissance

Satan as renaissance character OR Paradise Lost under the influence of renaissance. Milton is the son both of the Renaissance and Reformation. Renaissance begins with the ancient Greek literature. Renaissance meaner rebirth of an interest in classical Greek literature. Renaissance revived man’s interest in the world and gave him new eyes to look upon the beauty, love, life, learning and liberty. The earlier world was Thee-centric, meaner the God or Church was at the centre. Each and everything was dominated by Church. Man has had to what Church wanted him to do. Such was the condition of middle age (before renaissance).

It is in 15th and 16th centuries that the English poets started reading the classical Greek literature, and the basic theme in that literature was Humanism I. E. The other name of Renaissance. And in renaissance the world became Homo-centric. – There are basically three chief features of Renaissance or Classicism- 1. Individualism – meaner the individual is important, man is important. Man is the centre of each and everything. Human values, emotions, feelings, desires, are important. They should be fulfilled. 2. Worldliness – meaner the things of this world, attractions of the world, like- beauty, revenge, love, power, wealth.

Meaner this world should not be neglected. 3. Strong determination / Strength of mind – meaner that the mind plays a role like queen of chess in our life. It is our strength of mind or our attitude that can make a hell of heaven or a heaven of hell. # Satan-a renaissance character- All these features of classicism are clearly visible in Satan also. The ideology of Individualism or Humanism comes from the classical Greek literature. It talks about that man should be free, liberal. He shouldn’t be under the supervision of anybody whether it is any person or God. This is what happened during the period of incessant.

Society or man challenged the authority of church. And this kind of ideology is reflected very clearly in Satin’s character. -First he revolted against God. He challenged the authority of the God. -He talks about the end of slavery and lays stress on equality. -He talks about liberty, power:- : To reign is the worth ambition, though in Hell: -Then Satan talks about the freedom, democratic ideology:- : Better to reign in Hell than serve in Heaven: : Awake, arise, or be for ever fallen: Satan is typically a Worldly fellow. He is a lover of the ambition to become a ruler.

He has the extreme love for power:- …… Profoundest Hell, Receive thy new possessor, one who brings A mind not to be changed by place or time: : Here we may reign secure, and in my choice, To reign is the worth ambition, though in Hell: hatred , Jealousy, revenge. He has -So far as the things like Jealousy, revenge are concerned, a person can go to any extent to achieve his aims. Here Satan also uses the false method, cunning strategy to take revenge from God. : Stirred up with me. Y and revenge, deceived The mother of mankind And we can see that what a strength of mind Satan has! Even after losing to God,

Satan speaks like a modern politician that nothing is lost, everything is under-control. : What though the field be lost? All is not lost- the unconquerable will: -Satan has the courage not to bend before anybody. : And courage never to submit or yield: -Satan says that however they are defeated physically, but their minds are the same and only mind matters, …. , who overcomes By force hath overcome but half his foe: -Satan becomes an inspiration for the world that instead of crying one must face each and everything in his way. : Is this the region………. That we must change for Heaven? . Be it so…… Satan is the reflection of such kind of determination that no place or time can change one’s mind. And only mind matters the most. : Receive thy new possessor-one who brings -And mind has very important place in our life, because it is the mind, it is the attitude of ours that in itself can make a situation hell of heaven or heaven of hell. It all depends upon the quality of our mind. : The mind is its own place, and in itself Can make a Heaven of Hell, a Hell of Heaven: -Satan also talks about that he would not give God the pleasure that he has bend before God. This kind of ideology became an inspiration for the French Revolution 1789).

That’s why Satan is called an inspiration behind French Revolution, because the revolt was all about these kind of ideas- individualism, worldliness, and strong determination. The war between Satan and God is a symbol of war between Evil and Good. And it also symbolizes the conflict of Humanism with the dominance of religion or church. It is almost impossible for an artist to save his work from the blowing wind. So is in the Paradise Lost. As the wind was blowing against the dominance of religion or church, so Milton supported the ideology of renaissance with his tremendous work of Paradise Lost.

The sass’s Harlem Renaissance was an era that provided an opportunity of literary and artistic advancement for African Americans. The movement also reached social thought of sociology, and philosophy. Writers like Longboats Hughes and Counted Sullen promoted social equality through obscure themes and morals expressed in their writings. With its origins in Harlem, New York the renaissance affected the United States through literature, drama, music, visual art, and dance.

At this time African Americans began to form themselves an identity and individual ultra for progress.

Argument l: Problems that led to the Harlem Renaissance: During this time period the American government was making political changes to the constitution. Creating and enacting laws that promoted social welfare and public awareness. Some of these key political changes were: the 13th (Abolition of slavery), 14th (Citizenship status and rights), and the 1 5th amendment (Right to vote without racial discrimination) to the constitution.

Another topic for discussion is the cultural change and impact the Harlem Renaissance had in the US. The Harlem Renaissance had cultural changes in which music went from classical to something more lively, sparking the ewe Jazz Age. Political change in which African Americans began to hold public office, enactment of laws that benefited all citizens of the US. Throughout the Harlem Renaissance period, roughly African American lesbians and gay men were meeting each other.

Born in 1254 in Venice, Marco Polo is today a well-known figure of pre-Renaissance travels, and for his ground breaking travels to lands never before Journeyed by Europeans. He was an Italian traveler and author, and spent the majority of his life traveling and exploring. His father Nicola and uncle Miffed, both merchants, had conducted business and trade in Constantinople (now known as Istanbul) and the Crimea. However, when Genoas merchants, rivals to the Italian Polo’s, took over trade in Constantinople, Nicola and Miffed were forced to find alternative trade opportunities.

Thus, in 1260, they set out to the north of the Caspian Sea and reached Babushka (which was on the caravan route to China) and remained there for 3 years. Thereafter, in 1263, Joining the Persian envoys, they made their way to visit the Mongol Emperor Kabuki Khan in Changed (near present Beijing). To arrive there, they traveled the Silk Route via Samara Sand, the Northern Tibetan desert and the Mongolia Steppes. Upon their arrival, Kabuki Khan commissioned them to return with 100 missionaries to convert his nation to Christianity in opposition to the heartening Islamic armies.

Over the next 3 years the Polo brothers traveled via Babushka, Persia, Syria and Acre (near Jerusalem) to arrive back home in Venice in 1269. The return to China In 1271, at the age of 17, Marco Polo accompanied his father and uncle back to China, visiting Acre to collect a letter from the newly elected Pope Gregory X for Kabuki Khan. They also collected a flask of oil from the Holy Land and 2 Dominican monks (who were later to desert the Pools) from Gregory X to deliver to the Khan. In the hopes of revealing to India by sea, the Pools traversed Persia to the mouth of the Persian Gulf, Horror.

Yet, unsuccessful at finding a suitably safe boat, they continued traveling by land in a North-Easterly direction through Persians deserts and mountains to Karakas (now Khakis), on the Chinese border. As Marco Polo was ill, they waited here for a year to rest, after which they continued Journeying up the River Ox’s (now AMA Dairy). They traveled through the Hindu Cush and Pamper mountains, (home of the large horned sheep that now bear Marco Polo’s name), after which they traveled along the ringer of the Take Make desert to the region of Lop Nor in Sinking Province, China.

Finally they crossed, by meaner of camel caravan, the Gobi Desert to reach (3 and a half years after leaving Europe) Kabuki Khan’s court in Changed in 1275. The Pools were the first Europeans to reach most of the territory they had covered, particularly the Gobi Desert and Pamper mountains. Marco Polo’s experiences in the Orient Marco Polo became an agent on numerous missions to various parts of the Mongolia Empire for 17 years as a part of the Khan’s diplomatic service.

As part of his duties, he Journeyed through Tibet as well as along the Yanking, Yellow and upper Mekong rivers. He was probably also the first European to set foot on Burmese soil. It is believed he visited countries as far field as Siberia to Indonesian archipelago. He also visited the Mongolia capital at Khartoum. It is also believed that Marco Polo was city governor for Yanking (now Honchos) for three years from 1282 to 1285. During all this time, Marco’s father and uncle served as military advisors to the Khan.

As the Khan aged, the Pools were uneasy as to the Empire’s soundness. In 1292 the Polo’s escorted the Mongol princess to Persia, where she was to be married to the Persian Khan. They traveled for two years, having to use a sea route as war prevented the use of the land route. With a crew of 600 and a 14-ship fleet, they sailed from Sustain (today known as Quantico) on China’s coastline to Horror. On their way to Horror they Journeyed through Sumatra, the Strait of Malice, past Sir Lankan, past the Madman and Nicolai Islands, reaching the city in 1294.

By this time, however, only 18 of the original crew had survived, and the Persian Khan had died a year earlier, leaving the Mongolia Princess to marry his son. Finally, 24 years after the commencement of their travels, the Pools returned to their hometown of Venice in 1295. By that stage they were very wealthy, as they had sewn precious gems and stones to their clothing for safekeeping. When Venice went to war with Genoa, Marco Polo was a captain in the Venetian fleet. However, he was taken prisoner by the

Genomes in 1298, and during his imprisonment dictated the history of his travels to inmate Rustically of Pisa, a writer of romances. When he was released from prison in 1299, he returned to Venice where he married, had 3 daughters, and later died in 1324. He was buried next to his father in the church of Lorenz. Polo’s Legacy The account of Polo’s travels, first brought to light in French as Liver De Marseilles du Monde, later translated to The Travels of Marco Polo, is most probably the most influential travel book in history.

Providing the reader with distinct descriptions and orphic detail, this account provided pre-Renaissance Europe with an influential and revolutionary knowledge of the geographical make-up, history and life of the Orient. Although known to be somewhat exaggerated with fabulous extravagances, this book became the foundation for the first correct maps of Europe and Asia. The Polo’s ultimately inspired Christopher Columbus’ interest in the East and spurred him on to set off on a new west-ward route to the Orient in 1492, and later spurring Vases dad Gamma to round the Cape of Good Hope in another new voyage in 1497.

The Renaissance was a European phenomenon in the world of art and letters, which was found operative at the beginning of the 16th century all over Europe. It was a sort of the revival of learning-a New Learning-and a renewed interest in art and letters. It had a venerable attachment to the golden literary and artistic past of classical antiquity and an enthusiastic fondness for creative, imaginative and emotive freshness. It had a tremendous impact on the European mind and quickened its liberation from medieval dogmatism and feudal tyranny.

The Renaissance brought bout the liberation of human thoughts and feelings and opened a wide vista of emotional freedom, imaginative flights and philosophical speculations in the sphere of art and literature. The statue of David, made by Michelangelo between 1501 and 1504, is a masterpiece of the Renaissance art. It is a seventeen feet tall sculpture of the biblical hero David, which was a favored subject in the art of Florence. In 1501, Florence had Just become independent from the Medici rule.

This statue was commissioned by the Florentine council to be a gigantic model of heroic youth which could seem to protect Florence from the aggressors. The statue of David was one of the first structures of the male nude. The statue of David was built out of a block of smooth marble purchased from the famous quarries in Cascara. It was initially commissioned to Stagnation did Disco in 1466. He did not manage to work too much on it, and the contract was later terminated.

Ten years after this, Antonio Reselling started working on it, but the contract was terminated again as no real progress was being made. The block thus lay exposed to the elements for twenty years before Michelangelo started working on it. Although he was not very happy at having to work on a block of second-hand marble, the contract with the Guild of Wool Merchants of Florence mentioned that the block intended was “badly roughened out”, stating that the block was too valuable a commodity to waste. The statue was intended to be placed on the top of the Florence Cathedral.

However, when it was finished, the beauty of the sculpture and its weight ruled out placing it at the top of the cathedral. It was too heavy to be lifted, and it was considered that people should have closer access to such a marvelous work of art. It was finally placed in the Piazza Della Signora outside the Palazzo Vehicle. Unlike the earlier sculptures of David by Overreach and Denotable, which showed David standing triumphant over the head of Goliath, the giant he had Just slain, Michelangelo portrays David with a slingshot and stone.

He appears tense more in a mental than a physical sense, but not alarmed, and seems prepared for battle. His sling is small and not too emphasized, showing that the victory was not so much due to physical prowess as due to faith in oneself and desire to do the right thing. Michelangelo has depicted David at the moment when he showed the most courage-when he took up the challenge to fight Goliath. This decision was a crucial one, and reflected much more of his character than the moment when he finally killed Goliath.

Michelangelo shows David not as the victor, but at the point in time when he prefigured victory-the moment between conscious choice and conscious action, when he made the choice to fight Goliath to protect his people, even though he had no armor and got ready with Just a slingshot and five smooth stones. For the people of Florence, for whom freedom had been newly found ND was under threat, the statue seemed to reflect the courage and determination of the brave who are determined to keep their city safe. The figure is menacing, but this is not fuelled by aggression. There is no tension in the arms or legs.

The statue is of a young but mature man with the knotted muscles of an athlete, a huge rib cage and a confident stance. It seems to be keeping watch over the city. A million visitors gather till today to see this awe-inspiring piece of work, but it was originally built with the political message of David ready to take on Goliath, symbolizing that the people of Florence were ready to face any challenge to keep their freedom. The statue’s warning eyes were turned towards Rome, hoping to keep invaders at bay. The statue provides almost life-like details of the human body even though human anatomy was forbidden during this time.

Michelangelo was constrained by the second-hand marble he was using, but managed to carve a slim youth with a muscular built. Hush knowledge of the human form has recorded perfectly the shepherd lad with the strap of the slingshot across his back. However, on viewing the statue closely, it appears that the upper body is larger in proportion to the lower body. However, as Lois Fischer-Rather says in her book Understanding Art, “No longer does the figure remain still in a Classical contractors stance, but rather extends into the surrounding space away from a vertical axis.

This movement outward from a central core forces the viewer to take into account both the form and the space between and surrounding the forms?in order to appreciate the complete composition. ” The hands also appear to be large in proportion to the body. The disproportion could probably have been due to the fact that Michelangelo had carved the statue keeping in mind hat it was to be kept on the top of a cathedral. It could also be that the hands were purposely made too large to depict that man is naturally a violent and greedy creature.

When one walks around the statue of David, he would find the appearance changing dramatically. The right hand side of the statue appears calm and composed, but the left hand side is dramatically different. It is dynamic and active, as is evident from the posture of the stretched leg all the way to the disheveled hair. It could be that Michelangelo made the body parts disproportionate to achieve this effect. The eyes too vary greatly. From any given position, only one of his eyes are visible at one time.

When one approaches the statue from the left, the left eye appears to be staring at a point behind and above the viewer, as if focusing on Goliath. From this position, the right eye appears to be hidden behind the sling and is hence not visible. On approaching from the right side, the right eye is visible while the left eye disappears. David would have thrown the stone towards his left, hence the left eye moves in the direction of the body intended move. The right eye, when embodied with the rest of the body, reflects power, cunning and intelligence.

The statue of David was moved from Piazza Della Signora to Galleria dialectical in 1873 to protect it from decay and keep it safe. A replica of the original was placed in Piazza Della Signora. The Renaissance was the rebirth of man’s life on earth, when he was free from the shackles of authority and free to understand the universe. Michelangelo David is the best expression of this sense of life. David appeals to us so much as it is Michelangelo projection of man at his very best-vigorous, healthy, dutiful, rational and competent form.

It expresses a heroic view of man and a universal appeal to his success. Today, when man is again viewed by intellectuals as an ugly, corrupt being, trapped in an incomprehensible universe and lacking control over his own destiny, man is no longer viewed as a serious subject for art. But this magnificent sculpture of the bygone years instills in us a sense of faith, hope and glory, and above all leads us to believe again that one man can indeed make a difference, and man can control not only his destiny, but also that of his clan.

The Renaissance was the time period between the fourteenth and seventeenth centuries that led to the beginning of many new ideas and developments. It was a time period of prosperity for many European countries especially Italy. Economic and intellectual changes occurred and it also gave the opportunity for many new doors to open to new directions in art, social, scientific, and political beliefs. Although during this time of great reform women had minimal amounts of influence. It is argued, that because of this lack of power, the term Renaissance does not necessarily apply to omen, and it was a title that was given to them afterwards.

Women were excluded from the opportunity to take part in the rebirth of classical ideas due to lack of education, stereotypical beliefs about women, and because many women married young making it very challenging to pursue further education. Women were denied opportunities to participate in the Renaissance due to the lack of education the majority of women during this time received. However, as in many cases there is an exception to this statement. An example of this very rare exception during this time erred is a letter from Angelo Boliviano to an upper class maiden Cassandra Fiddle.

Angelo observes that she is one of the few educated women of her age. (DOC 1 One should approach this document with caution because the source is a humanist letter to a wealthy upper class woman. On the other hand John Knox once observed that it would be awful if women ever reigned supreme over men. (DOC . ) John Knox in some ways was correct and in some ways was incorrect. John Knox was correct if he was commenting on the overall intellectual ability of most women at the time. However, urine this time there were a few women who were well educated and some who even reigned over men.

Women during the Renaissance carried around a large amount of stereotypes. Many of which were very critical about the way women should act, the way they should be nothing more than a house keeper, and how women were not able to become well educated enough to do anything worthwhile in their life’s. Francesco Barbara observed that women should never speak in public unless spoken to. (Doc. ) However, one should take count of the point of view of the source because Francesco was Presbyterian. Presbyterian at this time listened very closely to anything that the founder of their religion said.

In which case Presbyterian did anything John Knox said or did. John Knox highly disliked the Queen of Scotland Mary because she was not a Presbyterian. John Nook’s teachings brought along many stereotypes women would have to burden during this time. The most major reason women of this time weren’t able to pursue further education is because of the age at which they would become married. When these women would become married many of them would not even be considered a legal adult by today’s standards. According to (Doc. The majority of women would get married at the age of 17 or 18.

However, one should be able to see that this source doesn’t account for women that were forced to marry at a younger age then they would’ve preferred. This source does show that this would more than likely not allow women to pursue a higher education unless the family could afford a private tutor. Which were only possible if the woman was from a very wealthy upper class family. It is argued that many women during this time period wished not to be women. (Doc. ) Shows that Siesta Angola once wrote that she wondered why she was born a women when here were already some many in the world.

Women were excluded from the chance to take part in the rebirth of classical ideas due to lack of education, stereotypical beliefs about women, and because many women married young making it very difficult to pursue further schooling. Women did not experience a renaissance because the view on women were very critical and primarily demanded women were only made to reproduce and house keep. During this time period many women around the world experienced this kind of treatment from men. With the exceptions off few places like Japan.

David The David, a popular art subject was a take from the biblical story of the young boy who heroically killed the over towering giant Goliath. Other artists such as Michelangelo and Donated have created their own versions of the David, with the exception of having sculpted them in different time periods. Tangelo’s was in the early Renaissance, Michelangelo in the high, but Bering’s took place in the Baroque era, a time characterized by dramatic movement and heavenly inspiration. David as depicted bent over in mid-action preparing to sling a stone giving the sense of climax.

The implied diagonal lines of this marble sculpture further induce the feeling of movement; Bernie Juxtaposes the concrete media of stone with the visual of an arching, flexing figure. The realism portrayed persuades the viewer that this is an average sized man that shouldn’t weigh more than one either, but we know different ?mass is an illusion. David is past the traditional contraption stance, and fully extends his upper body to the side, probably balanced by the shed armor attached to he draping, clinging from his lower half.

The artist does a tremendous Job at differentiating texture, from the smooth bare skin and organic hair, to the twining rope and scaly breastplate beneath him. The lighting of this sculpture allows for high contrast– shadows made by the extending appendages, adding to the intensity of what David is about to do. Represented in life size scale, this realistic shepherd looks like he will lunge his upper body in a second or two; the anticipation gives the viewer ensign.

Interactive in presentation, it is easy to feel as if we are biblical bystanders of what David is about to accomplish or even the abhorred Goliath himself, depending where you stand. The statue can be placed freestanding in any venue and viewers can make their way around the piece, getting to know it is facilitated through its human realism and proportion. Although to begin, our attention is stolen by the Davit’s potentially climactic pose, if we looked closer the face is one of the various ajar focal points.

David has an extremely concentrated face as if he is making all the aerial calculations in his head to hit his target spot on. With a furrowed brow and his mouth bloated as if holding a huge breath, emphasizing the explosion of force to be unleashed. The David was commissioned by Cardinal Burghers to decorate his Galleria, where it stands to this day. During this time, Martin Luther publicized his 95 theses criticizing the wrong doings of the Catholic Church, like granting indulgences.

The subsequent Protestant reformation stirred up a counter-Reformation, and in Italy where Catholicism reigned, churches cleaned up their act. Catholicism came back with vigor and heavily influenced the art world. This energy exploded through dramatic, intense and grandiose pieces to purposefully pierce the soul of viewers in an encounter with Godly power. Most paintings had biblical subject matter portrayed emotionally so the viewer could relate. Bernie was known for his interactive sculptures that stirred awe in those who “experienced” them. By marmalade

Southern Renaissance was more secular compared to the Northern. Northern focused solely on religion. Southern focused more on art, but did not disregard religion completely Southern Europeans during the Renaissance focused on art and religion, while the Northern Europeans created many institutions of higher learning, where they taught practical learning, science, and technology. The ‘Golden Age’ as many call it, is believed to be the time in which Europe has finally started to enter the ‘Modern Age. The Southern Renaissance (in Italy) began during the 14th century while the Northern Renaissance is believed to have started during the 1 the century. The Renaissance has increased the popularity of works of art and other fields of stud including: architecture, literature, sciences, politics, and religion. There is quite a few differences between the Southern and Northern Renaissance, and it is also based on the concept of Humanism.

Different artists from the south and the north have shown these differences in views in their works of art and their concepts in picturing the WA way person lives his or her life. The Northern part of Europe during those times was strongly attached to the teaching gas of Christianity. The church led power, and humanists pictured their society as being more close to God or nature as possible. The North held that Middle Ages belief far longer than their Southern counterpart, and that is also the reason why most of their works of art are about landscapes and the lifestyles of people.

The Southern part of Europe (Italy to be more precise) has a very different outlook on how art should be viewed and appreciated. Their artists created paintings about Greg eek and Roman mythologies, about gods and goddesses, and they were always searching for something new and better to create. The colors that they also developed made the nettings seem alive but not in a sense where the painting is the only thing that a person can see. It’s more like the viewer can see the object and let his imagination roam freely.

The layout of the land might have also played a significant role on how the Renaissance took place in the Northern and Southern parts of Europe. Italy is a place were trade w abundant, and they were exposed to different cultures (Asians and the like). These GA them the option to develop and discover new things. Southerners think that religion I still important, but it is not the only priority that they should be focusing upon. Politic and other sciences were the things that people thought about during those days, and that also changed their way of living.

Northerners, on the other hand, was not too exposed to these changes and still clung to their belief of Jesus Christ and the church. The Southern and Northern Renaissance might have a lot of differences, but they have one thing in common: They valued artwork. There even came a time when these artists met and shared their opinions WI the each other. These led to the creation of better works of art which are appreciated by t he world today. Summary: 1 .

The Southern Renaissance began during the 14th century while the Northern Renaissance was believed to have started during the 16th century. 2. The Northern Part of Europe is strongly attached to Christianity and the church. 3. The Southern Part of Europe during the Renaissance is more focused on the improvement of different fields of science including literature, architecture, politics, a ND religion. 4. Artwork from the North are based on Humanism and Landscapes. 5. Artwork from the South are more about Classical Greek and Roman Mythologies.