The History of the French and Indian War and American Revolution

The French and Indian War was one of the most important wars in American history, and served as a prelude that would spark the American Revolution. The French and Indian war was fought from 1754 to 1763, and found the French and their allied Indian tribes up against the British and their colonies. The war started over the British and the French both wanting to expand their empires into the unclaimed Ohio River Valley territory in order to maximize the fur and timber trades in the area, and when the British established the Ohio Company, the French took it as a sign that the British were claiming the territory all for themselves, and sent militia and regular troops to the area. 

The Battle of Quebec was a major turning point and pivotal battle during the French and Indian War. The Battle of Quebec, also known as the Battle of the Plains of Abraham, began on June 6″, 1759 when British forces landed on Isle d’Orleans. Led by General James Wolfe, the British spent months probing Quebec’s defenses with little success, and were unsuccessful in many assaults. Wolfe decided that an attack from the Plains of Abraham, a high ground above the city, would be a more stealthy choice. The French did not anticipate an attack from this direction and were defeated in a battle that lasted only a quarter of an hour. The British victory brought an end to French power in North America. 

George Washington built his trademark leadership traits through experience and failure during the French and Indian War. Washington won the first battle of the war, launching a surprise assault on a French reconnaissance party. Expecting retaliation, Washington and his troops constructed a makeshift base they called Fort Necessity, but that was not enough to hold off the French troops and Washington was forced to surrender. Washington and his surviving troops were released on parole and allowed to return to Virginia. 

The Battle of the Wilderness at Fort Duquesne is where George Washington’s reputation for his courage and leadership would begin to flourish. Washington fell under the command of Major General Edward Braddock, whom he would base some of his leadership traits from. Braddock led an advance on Fort Duquesne, and although large in number, the advance was considered clumsy by the French. The French deployed a preemptive attack that caught Braddock and his troops by surprise. The attack was devastating for the British; of the 1,459 British and Colonial troops only 462 would return from the battle. Major General Braddock was among the mortally wounded, and with a lack of leadership, Washington would take charge and lead the retreat, saving the lives of the remaining troops. 

Even though the British would end up winning the French and Indian War, the consequences would eventually lead to the merican Revolution. The war had doubled Britain’s national deficit and their solution was to raise taxes on the colonies. The colonies now had a large group of veterans with war time experience and did not feel any obligation to help Britain pay for the costs of war. The increased tax was met with fierce resistance, and British troops were called into the colonies to enforce the taxes, building tension between the colonies and Britain that would lead into the Revolutionary War. 

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Syrian Revolution

The Syrian Revolution is important on many levels. This importance is explored in the aspects of Syrians political government, economic and social status and the beginning of a wide spread resistance against dominating governments taking part in the Middle East. Hence, the Syrian Revolution plays a significant impact on the modern world and the future of the Syrian population. In March, 2011 an uprising took place by poor and unsatisfied citizens in the capital of Syria, Aleph, as a major part of the

Arab Spring (a series of revolts in triggered by citizens demanding law reforms and an improved government in the Middle East). Rebel groups then developed as a source of rebellion against the government of Basher AAA Sad, including The Syrian Muslim Brotherhood. Countries such as Tunisia, Egypt and Libya heavily influence the revolt in Syria after their protests and riots, in their own countries, to achieve Justice from their governments, have been reached but not entirely resolved. This topic has an excessive importance over me and my family.

It has broadened my understanding f the world and the extent individuals will go to for power. The Syrian Revolution also impacts me culturally due to me originating from the Middle East. It has demanded the attention of the social media and people all over the world. I believe It will become an Immense icon In modern history over the years to come and that It will also lead to a colossal change In current Syrian society and for the further generations. To conclude, the Syrian Revolution of 2011 Is of great significance to modern society and the future of modern history for the world as well as Syrian citizens.

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Pre-Romanticism

The Romantic penned (1785-1830) Contrast with Neoclassicism The replacement of reason by the imagination The shift from a mimetic to an expressive orientation for poetry, and indeed all literature. Pre-romanticism & Romanticism This period marks the end of Augustan Age.

The main themes of Augustan Age were: reason rationality no feelings typical conception of the high social class The American Revolution (1775-1783) where the declaration of independence stated that America was an independent nation. The Industrial Revolution (1750-1850)transformed Britain from agricultural to industrial country In rural communities the destruction of omen industry was accompanied by a rapid growth of the process of enclosing the old open-field and communally worked farms into privately owned agricultural holdings. The peasants deprived of their lands, were forced to go to work in factories Mechanization meant a new form of slavery The economic and social ills were clearly seen by the people, suffering was largely confined to the poor: the diseases of industrial towns, the misery of child labor, and the crowds of underpaid workers.

The suffering of the new class, the proletariat, led o the first strikes The Great French Revolution (1789) which introduced the democratic ideals: Liberty, Equality and Fraternity for everybody Revolution in France took a violent course: the accession to power by Jacobin extremists; the “September Massacres” of the nobility in 1792 followed by execution of the royal family brought England into a war against France(1793) Revolutionary and Napoleonic period in France (1789-1815) Under the influence of the Revolution the Irish peasants plotted a rebellion against English landlords. It broke out in 1798 but was cruelly drowned in blood Ideals of the Romanticism As a consequence to the chaotic lifestyle they tried to find a shelter in nature The feelings are: sadness, melancholy and meditation Romanticism was a movement against the progress of bourgeois civilization It was an effort to do away with the injustice, the exploitation of man by man. The poets of this period are called graveyard poets because the countryside became place of death and contemplation The romanticists made emotion, and not reason, the chief force of their works. This emotion found its expression chiefly in poetry

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Case Study: Supply Chain Revolution from Crocs

In the traditional practice, footwear companies showing around the world their upcoming products for the fall season in January, and buyers would place their orders during the shows. Orders placed would then be manufactured during the next months and shipped out in August, September, October and November. In this way, the manufacturers usually face great risks due to the difficulty in predictions. They have to conduct prediction in trends to design the new product; they also have to predict on the demand of the market.

Usually, manufacturers would add 20% of the pre-booked orders to production, and ambitious manufacturers would add in 50%. Should there be anything wrong with their prediction, both the manufacturers and retailers would either face empty shelves in the store or run clearance for unsold stock at the end of the season. Yet Crocs see the supply chain in a different way. They focus on customer’s needs and try to produce what was needed when it was needed. What does that mean? Think about the traditional model as a manufacturer, what can you do if the hot product runs out of stock?

Due to underestimation of the demand, you could only sigh and regret for the profit in front of you but you are unable to grab, because you can’t make more shoes to catch up with the season this year. And this reason is what Crocs worked on – to respond rapidly to the changes of demand and make more shoes during the season when it is needed. This enabled Crocs to take full advantage of the current trend to maximize its sales while at the same time minimize safety stock for both its own inventory and those of the retailers’. Retailers are also less pressured when they place pre-orders.

Crocs experienced 3 phases to achieve such capability and success. The first one was “taking over production”. In Crocs supply chain, raw materials were purchased in Europe or United States and then shipped to a third-party company in Italy for compounding. Compounded and colorized pellets would be sent to the manufacturing company – Foam Creations in Canada to get molded and assembled. In the end, the finished products were shipped to a third-party distribution company in Denver for warehousing, packaging and distributing.

In June 2004, Crocs bought the manufacturer of its shoes (Foam Creations in Canada) to gain the proprietary croslite resin and control the manufacturing. In 2005, Crocs started production in China with a large contract manufacturer, which marked its second step – “Global Production Using Contract Manufacturers”. Raw materials were still sent to Italy for compounding, but the pellets were sent to both Canada and China since then. Shoes made in China were also shipped to Denver for packaging and distribution.

The flexibility, high volume capacity, and quick respond to changes of third-party manufacturers in China greatly satisfied Crocs. The efficiency provided by such manufacturers helped the company to achieve better manufacturing control to meet demands, and also helped it with its Asian market entry. Yet manufacturers outside Asia were unable to adopt the company’s supply chain model. In addition to China, Crocs also added capacity through contract manufacturers in Florida, Mexico, and Italy to better support its worldwide launching strategy.

In the third phase, Crocs brought “Global Supply Chain in-House”. To adopt its supply chain model worldwide to achieve efficiency in the chain, Crocs developed company-owned manufacturing operations in Mexico, Brazil, Italy, and India. It also signed conditional contracts with third-party manufacturers in Romania and Bosnia. In 2006, Crocs created compounding facilities in Canada, Mexico, and China to eliminate the inefficiency of shipping pellets from Italy around the world and to increase manufacturing flexibility in each location.

Since then, complete production lines were set up in these 3 countries to achieve better flexibility in manufacturing to meet demands around the world. In the addition to the above mentioned practices, Crocs also adopted different methods to deal with orders from small stores and large retailers. For small stores who fax their orders to Crocs, these orders would be forwarded to warehouse and arranged shipping directly to the stores.

For large retailers who have their own distribution centers and place electric orders, those orders went directly to the nearest factory and shipped to their distribution centers, which saved the shipping and handling cost for both parties. Crocs also shifted its production of different kinds of products among different countries to help lower the total duty payments. It’s not hard to see that saving cost to gain greater gross margin also drives the practice of supply chain decisions.

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Romance & Revolution

The Enlightenment was the foundation of the questioning the hierarchy of aristocracy and the Church. It took place in the eighteenth century throughout Germany, France and Britain. The impact of the Enlightenment on these different countries focused on different aspects of their societies. During this time of Western Philosophy, Reason was highly valued. This posed a threat to the established sources of power in the government. The expressed thought that the common people were still lower in the social hierarchy because of their birth rank was beginning to be resisted, along with the belief that the Church was the central truth.

The background to this new way of thinking began in the late seventeenth century when the bourgeoisie began to realize the fact that they were paying taxes to the aristocracy that was not contributing to the improvement of society. Not only were the taxes not improving the state of the society, it was only being distributed to the group of rich citizens who truly had no use for it. The indignation of the middle class led to their encouragement of the working class to unite and oppose the foundation of their world such as they have known it to be for centuries.

French Romanticism took part in the latter part of the eighteenth century. It was the outcome of the Age of Enlightenment and also the effect of the scientific questioning toward nature and human body. The notion of strong emotion was strongly encouraged, rather opposite from the Age of Enlightenment where the focus was intellectual and philosophical. Romanticism was mostly captured in art, theatrical performances, and music. Though these mediums conveyed the change of thought and understanding during this time, the best medium that embodies French Romanticism is literature.

Most the themes in the literature of this time period were of the human psyche and supernatural occurrences. With these themes still being prevalent through out history, French Romanticism transcended time periods and countries. Jean-Jacques Rousseau greatly influenced this time period. His belief that through the abandonment of natural right, people could work in society with no true conflict. Rousseau believed that the people should directly make the laws, that way there would be no way to revolt against it. Some contirbute him wholely to sparking the French Revolution. The French Revolution was a time of political and social mayhem.

The concept of natural rights and aristocracy were being challenged not only intellectually but also violently. During this period of time the king was excuted, the Napoleonic Wars took place, and the French Reformation took hold. The events that led up to the Revolution had many economic contributions. The major national debt caused by the continuous warring with the surrounding countires caused by King Louis XV made it hard for the working class to maintian the rise of taxes. This injustice might have been bale to be over looked, if the unemployment rate was not at an all time high.

This frustrated the French citizens, having the demand of high taxes and no jobs, left several families with malnutrition. This being the plight of the lower and working class, the bourgeoisie had their own issues to face. The Roman Catholic owned largest landowner in France at the time. Trying to work up the social ladder, the middle class felt oppress that their efforts were being denied and ignored. The resistance of internal trade stifled the rise of capitalistic beliefs by the bourgeoisie also brought about extreme hatred. The Catholic Church became one of the central targets of the Revolution.

One of the close followers to Rousseau, Robespierre, was one of the major figureheads to the French Revolution. He orchestrated the Reign of the Terror, the time of execution for those against the Revolution. Robespierre killed countless people believed to be spies, symbols of the Age of Oppression, and Catholic Church supporters. He became so obsessed with purging the French society of their oppressors; he turned on his own supporters. One of the supporters that Robespierre turned on was Georges Danton. Danton was a leader of the Revolution, but not very supportive of the Terror.

Believing that change could be done with as little violence as possible, he was viewed as being lenient of the former government. These unfortunate facts lead to his execution. Another leader of the Revolution was Jean-Paul Marat. He was the editor and founder of the paper The Friend of the People. Through this paper he attacked not only the factions of the Revolution, but questioned their over all loyalty to the cause. This caused several disputes and targeted hatred toward Marat. This caused him to have to continually flee to London to resist arrest and persecution.

Cult of Sensibility is the focus of strong emotions. It was believed a person who was considerably moved by a work of art or literature could be moved to cry, faint, or have a fit. The idea was a born as a British literary movement. However, the movement died because of the accusation that it was narcissistic. Parody is a different work used to mock an original piece. The origin of parody was found in Greek literature. The writers in the ancient Greek times used to switch around the words of a poem to give a humorous take on an epic. Parody is closely linked to satire.

Satire is the method used to poke fun at a theory or philosophy that the writer disagrees with. Usually satire has elements of sarcasm, which makes the audience feel ridiculous. The use of satire is rarely used for just humor, but instead has a sense of ridicule. Irony is when the actual happening in a work in completely different then the expected happening. There are various types of irony, including but not limited to, verbal, situational, tragic, and dramatic irony. Verbal irony is when the speaker says something, but it is meant in a completely different way.

This type of irony is interchangeable with sarcasm. Situational irony is the most common form of irony. This type of irony is when the expected or understood meaning of a situation turns out to be completely different. Some of the outcomes of these ironic situations are comical, but it is not the norm. With dramatic irony, this tool is used when the audience has a piece of information that one or all the actors does not know about. Tragic irony is when the true situation is misinterpreted and the characters act on the wrong information.

Realism is the appreciation for how things appear in the monotony of everyday life. It was believed that one would benefit more out of life if they took it just as it is, and not add embellishments or unnecessary emotions. The movement began in France around the eighteenth century and was strongly against romanticism. The belief is that lie is founded on basic truths. When one adds emotion or philosophical meaning to a simplistic world, they lose the entire meaning of life. One of the most prominent Realist writers in France was Gustave Flaubert.

Flaubert wrote the novel Madame Bovary, one of the first books of its time that portrayed life just as it was. Coming off Romanticism, the book was highly criticized for being dark and menacing. Realism was portrayed in France through artwork. Artists such as Jean-Frani??ois Millet, Honori?? Daumier, and Rosa Bonheur portrayed rural scenes and helped the common people be represented in high art. The depiction of everyday life was revolutionary to the time period and was mostly embraced by the poor and middle class.

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Bloodless Revolution

“THE BLOODLESS REVOLUTION”. Talking about the first coverage, Economic Crisis’ causes and results are one of the main root cause of ‘Martial Law’ back then. Economy of many developing countries, including the Philippines, has reached its instability in its peak. When Ninoy Aquino was assassinated, many have now the courage to protest and do demonstrations against Marcos Regime whether or not in Manila which caused investors to back out since they are afraid of economical instability that had been continuously brought by these protests.

Since there is already economic crisis that time, many are fired from their jobs thus, leaving the country to widespread unemployment and these unemployed Filipinos joined the rallies and marches leading to more popular grievances and discontent. Human rights violation were rampant and landlordism and poverty grew. Due to his criticisms not only in the country but from other nations as well, Marcos declared ‘Snap Elections’ with Cory Aquino as his main rival. He won evetually because of massive fraudility. This has enraged Filipinos with their leader C. Aquino and boycott Marcos’ allies’ companies.

This has led to greater protests and marches and apparently, bloodless revolution took place with the help of Jaime Cardinal Sin, Agapito Aquino, Juan Ponce Enrile, Fidel Ramos, religious organizations, and most importantly, the Filipino people. Marcos has left the country with his family and went to Hawaii through the help of US Air Force. Cory Aquino has been declared by the mass as the President of the Philippines with her Vice President Laurel and implemented the 1987 Constitution which replaced the merciless ‘Martial Law’ of Marcos People Power Movement refers to the popular uprising that ousted Philippine president Ferdinand E.

Marcos in February 1986. Also known as the EDSA Revolution, the uprising was in reaction to the massive fraud and violence unleashed by the government to ensure that Marcos and vicepresidential candidate Arturo Tolentino would win the so-called snap elections that Marcos had called earlier that month. The opposition ticket was headed by Corazon Aquino, wife of former Senator Benigno “Ninoy” Aquino, who was assassinated in 1983 by elements of the Philippine military as he debarked his plane at the Manila International Airport (since renamed Ninoy Aquino International Airport).

Many believed that Aquino and her running mate, Salvador Laurel, would have won had the electionsbeen fair and honest. Massive demonstrations were held in front of Malacanang (the presidential palace) and two military camps located at Epifanio de los Santos Avenue (EDSA). The peaceful uprising became a model for other countries wishing to change their government without resort to a military coup or a bloody revolution. Having the evaluation, the question that the reporter wanted to ask is that—having now the clearer scenario and better knowledge about the EDSA Revolution I, which is more preferable: DICTATORSHIP or DEMOCRACY?

As for my perspective, it would be STILL DEMOCRACY. People will tend to say that dictatorship is better since many Filipinos now are not abiding the law and usage of force in its implementation would be the best solution. But then, I think the main and very problem of out country is the misunderstanding and mis-usage of the word FREEDOM in which DEMOCRACY is quoted with. True Freedom and Democracy would always come with rights and responsibilities as citizens of our country. It is all about change—not for the worse but for the betterment.

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Son of the Revolution

Liana was born into a family where his father was a devote communist reporter and his mother who was accused of being part of a non-communist rightist group called the Hundred Flowers. The Hundred Flowers wanted to purify the communism that currently existed in China by finding faults in the existing communist regime. Lings mother did not criticize at first because her she had her job because of the Communist party and loved the party as a result. Mao Sedona, chairman of China, wanted to win the support of intellectuals so her leaders insisted he come up with three “out of duty’, she came up with three which drastically changed her life.

From then, the Hundred Flowers Movement changed to the Anti- Rightist Movement in an effort to extract people who did not believe in the communist way. Because their actions were against communism and a revolution was trying to be avoided, they sent anyone associated with the Hundred Flowers to a re-education camp to bring them back in favor of the communist party. Politics played such a large part in the Chinese society that people were tricked into criticizing the party and punished. Lings mother was separated from Liana and his family and sent to another part of China for her different political beliefs.

Not only was Liana separated from his mother for her non-communist ways, he was bullied and shunned in school because everyone thought he was non-communist like his mother. Human relationships are also affected with the actions of his father. Due her beliefs, she lost her rank in the police as well as a dramatic cut in her salary. Lings father had to divorce his wife because he wanted to save the rest of his family by being punished with her by association. It is apparent that politics had such an impact on citizens that the relationship between Lining’s father and mother could be so disgraceful that it led to a divorce.

It broke “ties among his family, essentially ruining his mother’s life and holding back the rest of the family in contributing to the Revolution”l. During the revolution when China closed all schools and Liana was unable to continue his education in college. But after the revolution, China reopened schools and Hen took his opportunity to continue his education. But upon his return to school, “he is shocked at the inability of students to rationalize freely. The school seemed to be almost exactly the same as when Liana had attended school so many years earlier.

Lings visit showed the power that the education system has on youth, and how easily shaped those individuals can be from such a young age”2. Liana describes the behavior of university students and how the war between political parties affected their ability to express themselves in fear of punishment. It is evident that throughout Liana Hangs upbringing, politics was involved in his life in a way that would tear his family apart as well as open his eyes about the insanity that unionism brought to him. His upbringing had made him believe that the world was out to get him.

He portrays his childhood in a way that depicts himself as the bad guy in society. “l had been the victim of political movements since the age of three, first through my mother, then through my father, and now through an absurd coincidence in my own affairs. Society hated me. It turned me into an outcast and a thief”3 Liana feels that due to the chain of unfortunate events that society hates him. He grew up in an era where there were many political parties that actively sought out to make their ideology a reality.

Due to the many conflicting ideas, Lings human relationships fell victim to the punishments that were not technically his own. The transformation that Liana Hen experienced from his childhood to his adulthood shows that politics affect human relationships. Through his series of events, it can be seen in his memoir The Son of the Revolution how his human relationships were affected such as the case with his mother who was banished and exiled from his family due to conflicting political beliefs.

It can also be seen how politics affects human legislations by the actions of his devote communist father who divorced his wife in order to save his family from the punishments that would be implemented upon his wife. Apart from the consequences of his family political affiliation, Liana noted the affects of a particular political reign it had on growing kids in the education system. The imprint the many political movements had on Liana caused him to realize how destroyed his life is and convinced him that the world was against him. Politics is such a powerful concept that it is constantly affecting our lives and the lives of our neighbors.

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