Robots

Robots are coming and are changing the world. Many are being created to do and act as a human, but questions have emerged on if it would be successful. Robots are shown to be helpful to society, but can actually cause harm to humanity. Robots are more harmful than helpful for the society because they can lack morality, not know when to bend the rules when necessary, and become hackable leading into danger towards humans, which can cause disagreement and chaos. Robots are harmful to society when lacking morality. According to the UC Berkeley article, “The Good, The Bad, and the Robot: Experts are Trying to Make Machines be “Moral,”” by Coby Mcdonald, he states, “ Such machines could defy human control, the argument goes, and lacking morality, could use their superior intellects to extinguish humanity”(3).

With that being said, robots could threaten human existence if morality isn’t given to them the way it should be. Furthermore, Coby Mcdonald states, “ There is no agreed upon universal set of human morals. If robots are to live by an ethical code, where will it come from”(4). This shows how roboticist can’t decide on what morals a robot will have because everybody’s opinions are different. Therefore, if robots lack morality, they can destroy human race and harm humanity. Also, robots can harm humanity by not knowing when to be more flexible with rules. For instance in McDonalds article, Colin Allen, a professor at Indiana University, states, “ Imagine we programmed an automated car to never break the speed limit. That might seem like a good idea until you’re in the backseat bleeding to death”(3).

This shows how the programming of robots can harm a person, even if it wasn’t intended to. As a matter of fact, it all comes down to morality because a robot needs to know when to bend the rules, especially when in danger. To add on to how robots are harmful to society, “The Future of Life Institute,” by Ariel Conn, states, “ If a superintelligent system is tasked with a ambitious geoengineering project, it might wreak havoc with our ecosystem as a side effect, and view human attempts to stop it as a threat to be met” (3). This shows how a robot is capable of damaging society by doing too little or too much. This also shows how robots will fight back after trying to be stopped because they think that what they’re doing is right. Therefore, if robots cannot determine how to react properly in a bad situation, they can harm humanity. Additionally, robots can be hacked into, leading to destruction and harm to humanity. For instance, in the article, “Popular Robots have Security Flaws That Could Make Them Dangerous” by Bloomberg, it states, “ These vulnerabilities could allow the robots to be turned into surveillance devices, surreptitiously spying on their owners, or let them to be hijacked and used to physically harm people or damage property” (1).

This shows how people put their trust into these robots, not knowing if it is what they had in the beginning. This can lead to people getting hurt or harassed by the robot that is being controlled by something else. Also, the article states, “ But IOActive was able to remotely hack the software that controls the robot and disable key safety features.” (1). This could result in them being programmed to injure the humans around them. This also shows how easily hackable robots can be. Therefore, robots can be hacked into, causing harm to humanity. It is often thought that robots can help and provide guidance to the society. This makes sense because in the article, “Artificial Intelligence: Is it Good or Bad for Society,” by Nair Praseeda, it states, “Artificial Intelligence is already able, as many of us have seen for ourselves, to drive vehicles and negotiate obstacles. This is being used in modern civilian life, and has applications for military operations and space exploration” (2).

This shows how robots are helpful in areas that the world is strong in, such as the military. However, what this argument fails to consider is that robots can get out of hand when trying to help. In the same article, it states, “The technology could also be used by governing forces to detect and suppress any kind of dissent, helping to create very autocratic societies” (2). This is saying that robots can take over and have similarities to somebody who is ruling in absolute power. Therefore, robots are not as helpful as what they might come off as. Overall, robots are more harmful than helpful to humanity. The lack of morality can lead robots into doing the wrong thing, when they feel as if it is right. Not being able to bend the rules when necessary can have a negative effect on people when in an emergency. Lastly, trusting a robot that can “secretly” be going against you or is being programmed to be doing other than what you say, can cause harm to somebody and their surroundings. All in all, robots can harm humanity and create violence to the society.  

Works Cited

Bloomberg. “Popular Robots have Security Flaws That Could Make Them Dangerous.” fortune.com. 22 Aug 2017. Web. 25 Feb 2018Conn, Ariel.
“Future of Life Institute.” futureoflife.org. Web. 25 Jan 2018Nair, Praseeda.
“Artificial Intelligence: Is it Good or Bad for Society.” growthbusiness.co.uk. 2 Aug 2017. Web. 25 Feb 2018

The thesis statement of the paper is “the ability of the human beings to change identities in a technology-dominated world has blurred the boundaries between original identity and the digital identity”. This topic is very important from the perspective of human computer interaction and computer science today. The humans are not only able to create multiple identities on the internet, but they are also able to interact with others being in a transmutable identity. This paper will explain how these boundaries have been blurred and what joys of artifice can a person enjoy through making multiple identities on the internet.

With the introduction of social networking systems in the past few years, the Cyborg identity is becoming more of a reality than a myth. The line between being the person himself and adopting another identity is getting blurred with the introduction of new technologies. Cyborg: a Metaphor? With the combination of hardware, software and internet, the cyborg identity can be identified as one of the most visible figures of the cybernetic age. Cyborg is a biological being with another identity or a kinetic state that can be adopted easily when switching between environments.

This could only be achieved through technological augmentation. Although the kinetic state of a cyborg identity is not real and can be referred to as virtual reality, but it allows one to escape from the physical constraints and confinement of the body and recreate a new digital identity through the use of graphics, three-dimensional technology, internet, hardware and a combination of software. The use of these devices and concepts has not only allowed the humans to create their cyborg identities, but also to experience new worlds and environments through that identity.

With the global adoption of the World Wide Web, the cyborg identity has evolved strategically in our imaginations as a metaphor of the 21st Century. According to Kevin Warwick, humans have now become cyborgs through conducting a series of ground breaking experiments and innovations. Kevin Warwick, who is a professor of robotics and cybernetics, believes that the humans have got the power to change their identity in the virtual world where time and place does not matter (Stephen).

Transforming into another identity can cost nothing to the humans. They just need to register on the virtual worlds on the internet, design their new identity and just start interacting with the environment. This ease of identity transformation could have never perceived in the past. However, cyborg can now never be used as a metaphor as cyborgs now exist (Nishant). The Ease of Transforming It was never thought that humans could be identified as cyborgs and it was not even imagined that becoming a cyborg would be so easy and free of cost.

For a cyborg experience, a person just has to connect to the internet, register himself on the website, create an avatar and then the human is ready to experience a digital body and physique. Most of the websites do not even require any payment to register the users while the others which are more secure require as little payment as US$ 5. To design the identity and the physical look of the cyborg in the virtual world, a number of software are available which are very easy to use. Transforming the identity is now a requirement for the business professionals as well as the youngsters who want to socialize in their social circle.

A person is required to switch to his digital identity when making payments online and when getting involved in the digital transaction on the internet. Cyborg is now a mechanism that is crucial for the survival of urban human beings (Nishant). A person is not required to take classes or lessons for creating a digital identity in the 21st Century, nor are billions of dollars required to get transformed. Switching identity to and fro the digital world and the real world is much easier and cheaper than it was though in the past.

Technological breakthroughs have allowed this ease of switching to the digital identity. The capabilities and the abilities that are learnt by the cyborg in one of the identities can be used in other identity efficiently and effectively in today’s world. These aspects of the digital identity are blurring the boundaries between the self being and the different digital identities. Artifice through Graphics In social networking websites and virtual worlds, the use of virtual bodies and digital identities are getting more and more common.

According to the academics at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, the humans are just a year away from being able to download their consciousness into the computers (Land). The humans have the power to design different bodies, control them and change them whenever they want through the use of graphic software. The digital appearance of the humans might not be the same as the real appearance. This is why a person is said to be creating a different identity through the use of internet. The new identity over the internet is an artificial identity which may not resemble the real identity of a person.

The personal attributes such as the name, weight, skin color, hair color, eyes, nose and built might be differently represented over the internet. The Boundaries between Fact and Fiction The humans have the power to intermingle fact and fiction as they have got the power to generate new identities and transform to a form of machine. The interaction with other digital humans over the internet might just be based on lies and the identity may be based on fiction. Different cultures and the aspects of nature that do not even exist in reality can be designed in the virtual worlds.

The boundaries between fact and fiction have also blurred with the advent of digital identities. Human and computer interaction has been increased at a rate that was never imagined. Instead of interacting with the real world, an urban person spends most of the time on computers and internet in the virtual worlds. With the boundaries between fact and fiction diminishing over the internet, the new generation might not even be aware of the real world as all the interactions are taking place in the virtual world.

With redefinition of the sense of one’s own body in a world changed by culture and technology, the humans are more likely to experience fiction than facts. The humans might like to live in the world of fantasy than in the real world. According to Nishant, this may make us the things that we have created (Nishant). An example is that a person who is gay might fulfill his fantasies on the internet through creating a digital identity and interacting with other men. In real life the person might be very scared of the society and afraid of others to fulfill his fantasies (Dennis). Dehumanizing

With the help of social networking websites such as Facebook. com Web 2. 0 applications like activeworlds. com and secondlife. com, the person is able to create a different identity which is unreal. These websites and application are forcing the humans to dehumanize and get involved in computer devices and software most of the time (Land). While the person is switched to the digital identity, he feels that he is living in a cyborg dream. Everything is unreal and still feels real. Most of the interaction today in the youngsters is done on social community websites such as Facebook.

com and myspace. com. Profiles are the identifiers of these humans which contain the physical attribute and pictorial attributes. These profiles can be unreal as well as there are no checks done to prevent unrealism. The attributes such as name, gender and age can be misrepresented on the internet to consumer unfair advantage over the other (Liff). The advances in technology and the movement towards cybernetic humans have forced us to ignore many issues that will be faced by the computer experts in the future. Conclusion

It has been revealed in the discussion that the ability of the human beings to change identities in a technology-dominated world has blurred the boundaries between original identity and the digital identity. A human is started is be identified through the digital identity and this identity now plays a crucial part in the life of a human. Works Cited Dennis, C. “Gay, Queer, and Cyborg: the performance of identity in a transglobal age. ” Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education 22. 3 (2001): 297-309. Grey, J. “Human-Computer Interaction in Life Drawing, a Fine Artist’s Perspective.

” Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Information Visualisation (IV’02). The Computer Society, 2002. Land, C. “Book Review : How We Became Posthuman: Virtual Bodies in Cybernetics, Literature, and Informatics. ” Information Technology & People 14. 1 (2001): 350. Liff, S. “Book Review : Virtual Gender: Technology, Consumption and Identity. ” Information Technology & People 16. 4 (2003): 484-486. Nishant, S. “Material cyborgs; asserted boundaries. ” European Journal of English Studies 12. 2 (2008): 211-225. Stephen, K. I, Cyborg. University of Illinois Press, 2004.

The paper trades with the construct of a man-made tree called “ ROBOT TREE ”. The Robot tree has the possible to absorb C dioxide which is the major cause for the planetary heating. Although methane, azotic oxide, ozone, fluorinated compounds besides account for the planetary heating, C dioxide is the major gas which causes ninety per centum of the planetary heating. The definition of planetary heating, causes and effects of planetary heating, the solution we propose, how the automaton tree ( man-made tree ) gives a solution to the consequence and the feasibleness of the man-made tree are profoundly discussed in this paper. This paper can move as a guidebook to cognize about the engineering with its seeds and weeds and to acquire the importance of the engineering in the coming hereafter.

Introduction

We all know that woods are the hoarded wealths of our Earth. But now, world himself has started to destruct woods -the hoarded wealths of our Earth. By cutting trees, non merely that the rainfall will be reduced, besides the temperature will raise tremendously, which consequences in planetary heating. This causes injury to the whole world. Thus the scientists are giving call to protect forest and salvage world. Research is traveling on sing the issue. In our paper we propose an amazing solution to salvage our Earth from planetary warming.The nursery consequence is being accelerated by releases of certain gases to the ambiance that are doing the Earth ‘s temperature to lift.

What Is Global Warming

Global Warming is defined as the addition of the mean temperature on Earth. As the Earth is acquiring hotter, catastrophes like hurricanes, drouths and inundations are acquiring more frequent. ”

Over the last 100 old ages, the mean temperature of the air near the Earth surface has risen a little less than 1A° Celsius ( 0.74 A± 0.18A°C, or 1.3 A± 0.32A° Fahrenheit ) . Does non look all that much? It is responsible for the conspicuous addition in storms, inundations and ramping forest fires we have seen in the last 10 old ages, though, say scientists.

A Their informations show that an addition of one grade Celsius makes the Earth heater now than it has been for at least a thousand old ages. Out of the 20 warmest old ages on record, 19 have occurred since 1980. The three hottest old ages of all time observed have all occurred in the last eight old ages, even.

Ninety-Three per Centum of All Emanations

Generating power by firing C based fossil fuels like natural gas, oil, and coal, decomposition, accounting for about one one-fourth of all planetary emanations.

Methane

Twenty times more effectual in pin downing heat in our ambiance 25 times every bit powerful as C dioxide

Agricultural activities, landfills.

Nitrous Oxide

Agricultural dirt direction, carnal manure direction, sewerage intervention, Mobile and stationary burning of fossil fuel, adipic acid production, and azotic acid production.

Ozone

Automobile fumes and industrial procedures.

HYDROFLURO COMPOUNDS ( HFCs ).

Industrial procedures such as foam production, infrigidation, dry cleansing, chemical fabrication, and semiconducting material fabrication.

PERFLURONIATEDCOMPOUNDS ( PFCs ).

Smelting of aluminum

Health AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS:

Greenhouse gas emanations could do a 1.8 to 6.3A° Fahrenheit rise in temperature during the following century, if atmospheric degrees are non reduced.

Produce utmost conditions events, such as drouths and inundations.

Threaten coastal resources and wetlands by raising sea degree.

Increase the hazard of certain diseases by bring forthing new genteelness sites for plagues and pathogens.

Agricultural parts and forests are besides susceptible to alterations in clime that could ensue in increased insect populations and works disease.

The debasement of natural ecosystems could take to cut down biological diverseness.

What Global Heating Effects Are Expected for the Future

To foretell the hereafter planetary heating effects, several nursery gas emanation scenarios were developed and fed into computing machine theoretical accounts.

They project for the following century that, without specific policy alterations

Global average temperature should increase by between 1.4 and 5.8A°C ( 2.5 to 10A°F ) .

The Northern Hemisphere screen should diminish further, but the Antarctic ice sheet should increase.

The sea degree should lift by between 9 and 88 centimeter ( 3.5 ” to 35 ” ) .

Other alterations should happen, including an addition in some utmost conditions events.

After 2100, human induced planetary heating effects are projected to prevail for many centuries.

The sea degree should go on lifting for 1000s of old ages after the clime has been stabilized. We have weather up to 40 degree Celsius now.

Impacts of rise in major green house gas CO2:

In air the C dioxide concentration should be about 330 ppm ( parts per million ) .But due to environmental research workers the C dioxide content will increase as follows,

We have weather up to 40 degree Celsius now. It is expected that the conditions will increase in Tamil Nadu as follows.

Solution We Propose

We all know that woods are the hoarded wealths of our Earth. But, adult male started to destruct woods and the scientists are giving call to salvage forest. We all know that forests aid to protect the Earth from planetary heating. By cutting trees, non merely that the rainfall will be reduced, besides the temperature will raise tremendously, which causes injury to the whole world. The research is traveling on all the clip to salvage the world from planetary heating. Now, it has been found that automaton trees will assist to undertake the job of planetary heating. In the air, the C dioxide content should be 330 ppm ( portion per million ) . Day by twenty-four hours it is increasing which consequences in planetary heating.

What Is Robot Tree

The scientists are seeking to do automatons to execute assorted activities to cut down the physical and mental work of human being. The combination of nature and automatons is called Robotany. The scientist’s Jill Coffin, John Taylor and Daniel Bauen are researching on automaton trees. The robot tree does non look like our ordinary tree. The constructions of the root, roots and foliages are present in the automaton tree. Does robot corner aid work out the job of planetary heating?

I have read in a magazine late that the experiment done by the research workers at Madurai Kamaraj University on automaton tree is successful. Hats off to them. It is truly happy intelligence. We have studied in history that the male monarchs of olden years had planted trees on both sides of the route. In the same manner we hope that all the roads will hold robot trees on both sides in future to forestall planetary heating and salvage the Earth. It is said that one automaton tree is equal to 1000 natural trees. Each automaton tree looks more like an elephantine fly flyswat so as to stay as guards of world

Klaus Lackner, a professor of Geophysics at Columbia University, is working on an interesting construct: A “ man-made trees ” .A The thought is to reproduce the procedure of photosynthesis to gaining control and shop monolithic sums of CO2 gas. About 90,000 dozens of C dioxide a twelvemonth, approximately the sum emitted yearly by 15,000 autos, could be captured by the construction. Paired with a windmill, the carbon-capture tree would bring forth about 3 megawatts of power, Lackner calculates, doing the operation self-sufficient in energy.

The scientists are seeking to do automatons to execute assorted activities to cut down the physical and mental work of human being. The combination of nature and automatons is called Robotany. The scientist’s Jill Coffin, John Taylor and Daniel Bauen are presently researching on automaton trees.

How Does a Robot Tree Function

Merely conceive of a normal tree. A normal will hold a root, root and foliages. In the same manner, the automaton tree besides has root, root, subdivision and foliage like normal tree. Some plastic poles are fixed in the root portion and in between solar home bases are fixed which act as foliages. In the large poles little holes are made and little poles are fixed. This will absorb C dioxide in the air. In the interior of large poles there will be calcium hydroxide liquid and the captive C dioxide will be dissolved in it.

The solar home bases produce current and base on balls current inside the root, which will divide C and O. Oxygen, H and vapor will come out. The C will move with H2O and go carbonaceous acid. The carbonaceous acid will go through down through automatons and will be absorbed by the dirt Once once more.

A study of the signifier and building of A Tree for Anable Basin

A new “ air extractor ” engineering presented by Klaus Lackner, a professor of Geophysics at Columbia ‘s Earth Institute, offers something no other C gaining control engineering on the pulling board has. Unlike conventional C gaining control and storage ( besides known as geosequestration ) , which absorbs C02 on-site ( i.e. the flush watercourse of emanations from power works ) , air extractors absorb C dioxide from any location on the planet. This means that CO2 emanations can be captured from about all large-emitting sources-from stationary mills and power works to autos and planes in gesture. These man-made trees can “ thrive ” in any location.

Title Capitalization Tool – Capitalize My Title – Title Case Tool.html

Man-made trees don’t precisely look like your mean tree with green foliages and roots. Although the design is non finalized, Lackner predicts that the device would look more like a station with Venetian blinds strung across it; a boxlike extractor raised about 1,000 pess tall, adorned with scaffolding lined with liquid Na hydrated oxide ( normally known as lye ). When exposed, Na hydrated oxide ( lye ) is an absorbent of CO2. So, as air flows through the Venetian blind “ foliages of the tree ”, the Na hydrated oxide will adhere to the CO2, sifting out a cleansing agent, about 70-90 % less CO2 concentrated air on the other side. Lackner estimates that a country of Na hydrated oxide about the size of a big Television screen ( a 20 inch diagonal ) and a meter in deepness could absorb 20 dozens of CO2 a twelvemonth. Paired with a windmill, a carbon-capture tree could bring forth about 3 megawatts of power.

Is It Feasible

The chemical procedure of utilizing Ca or Na hydrated oxide to absorb CO2 has been known for old ages but the inquiry of whether it can be done in an low-cost energy-efficient mode has non yet been to the full answered. Constructing and raising the aggregator device is merely 20 % of the cost ; the balance of the cost involves prising the CO2 loose from the absorbent and hive awaying it- an energy intensive procedure. The dorsum of the envelope computation of entire cost supposes 3000 to 5000 rupees per ton captured, which is big as compared to the 1000-2000 rupees per ton on cost that advocates of a C revenue enhancement or cap-and-trade strategy believe will stabilise atmospheric emanations of CO2. It may look like excessively immerse a cost to closely see, but Lackner believes “ it ‘s deserving looking at things that start out even five times excessively expensive “.

Developing carbon capture and storage ( Ccs ) : carbon-capture-and-storage

Despite common concern that CCS, and therefore air gaining control excessively, will deter our society from traveling to clean energy options.

Fossil fuels are non running out anytime shortly, and if we were to turn all of them into C dioxide, we ‘ll hold a clime calamity. We may run out of oil and gas ; you can be disbelieving of that. But we won’t run out of coal. We either abandon dodo fuels instantly within the following 50 old ages or figure out a manner to make CCS.

“ As we head toward 450, 550, even 750ppm this century, environmental leaders are acquiring serious about C gaining control and storage. A 2005 IPCC study concluded that “ C gaining control and storage “ has the possible to cut down overall extenuation costs and increase flexibleness in cut downing nursery gases ” .

Existing C gaining control engineering can cut down CO2 emanations from coal-burning or natural-gas power works by 80 to 90 per centum, estimates the IPCC energy efficiency and some renewables are cheaper now, but if the clime begins to tip out of control, so C gaining control and storage can supply a planet-saving insurance policy.

Basic Chemical Reactions With Robot Tree

The reaction of Na hydrated oxide with C dioxide ( as carbonaceous acid ) occurs basically in two stairss, foremost a reaction from carbonaceous acid to bicarbonate and so to carbonate. This is a simple acid-base reaction. CO2 is acerb anhydrite and NaOH is a base. So reaction gives the salt Na2CO3 and H2O another possible merchandise is the salt Na2CO3 that is produced if a 1:2 ratio of CO2 and NaOH is used. A little per centum of wet nowadays in the absorptive stuff, ( about 3 % ) is of import. CO2 reacts with this wet to organize carbonaceous acid,

CO2+H 2O- & gt ; H2CO3

Which in bend reacts with the hydrated oxide to organize the salt of carbonaceous acid, or Na carbonate? The soaking up of C dioxide is expressed as follows: The merchandises of reaction are sodium carbonate and H2O.

H2CO3 + NaOH – & gt ; NaHCO3 + H2O

NaHCO3 + NaOH – & gt ; Na2CO3 + H2O

Decarbite

DECARBITEA is an engrossing merchandise. This merchandise is sodium hydroxide carried on a silica base. The natural affinity of Na hydrated oxide to acid gasses makes it a desirable stuff to utilize in the soaking up of the acid gas C dioxide. The Na hydrated oxide content in DECARBITEA is high, about 90 % , and histories for the aggressive merchandise public presentation and exceeding capacity for soaking up of C dioxide.

The Na hydrated oxide content in DECARBITEA is high, about 90 %, and histories for the aggressive merchandise public presentation and exceeding capacity for soaking up of C dioxide.

The universally recognized Carbon Dioxide absorbent, DECARBITEA® is a consumable chemical absorbent. It is a specially formulated mixture of Sodium Hydroxide onto an inert silicon oxide bearer supplying a surface country particularly suited for the rapid, high public presentation and entire soaking up of CO2 on contact.

Efficiency

For the rapid or high public presentation quantative soaking up of CO2 in the ppm scope

DECARBITE is colour indicating, altering from light-green brown to white upon C dioxide impregnation. The soaking up of C dioxide remotion or any acerb gas utilizing DECARBITE is a chemical reaction, non a physical one. Carbon dioxide reacts with the Na hydrated oxide based absorbent and undergoes a complete chemical alteration. This alteration is irreversible ; therefore the absorbent can non be regenerated for reuse. This alteration is clearly perceptible and indicates when exhausted stuff is to be discarded.

Occasionally, a status known as channeling can happen when the gas flow finds holes or countries of least opposition and a channel is formed. The gas flow follows these channels through the absorbent get the better ofing the intent of scouring out the C dioxide. DECARBITE eliminates this job in several ways ; the silicon oxide binding to the Na hydrated oxide keeps the atoms from adhering in the presence of wet which is formed as a by-product of the soaking up reaction. It besides aids in forestalling the absorbent to blend into a solid mass barricading gas flow and doing back force per unit area across the soaking up bed.

The association reaction of NaOH with CO2 is at least 40 times faster than NaOH + HCl at all heights below the Na bed. Na species will non impact stratospheric ClOx and O3 chemical science. The transition of C dioxide to bicarbonate is complete at pH 8.3.Phenolphthalein can be used as a colour index for the titration.

Decision

Energy is truly a topographic point where more engineering is perfectly necessary. About one and half a lakh automaton trees are adequate for sublimating C dioxide in the air for one twelvemonth, about. One automaton tree is said to hold the capacity to absorb 90,000 dozens of C dioxide every twelvemonth. It is the sum of C dioxide released by 15,000 autos in one twelvemonth. But robot trees will non assist to convey rain. It will protect the Earth from planetary heating.

Cost

The cost of the automaton tree may be high, but the cost of nonholding outstanding engineering for planetary heating may be even higher. There aren’t that many big-scale beginnings of energy that could be tapped at the graduated table the universe needs them. Hydro will ne’er be adequate, and neither will weave. Solar, atomic, and dodo could be adequate, but they all have defects. If we don’t put large stakes on all three, we could happen ourselves with none of them working, and we’ll hold energy crisis of unprecedented proportions. We have studied in history that the male monarchs of olden years had planted trees on both sides of the route. In the same manner we hope that all the roads will hold robot trees on both sides to forestall planetary heating and salvage the Earth. It is said that one automaton tree is equal to 1000 natural trees.