Euthanasia Should Be Legalized in the United States

Euthanasia is a painless killing of a patient with an incurable and/or painful disease. The use of euthanasia has been very controversial, some say it’s beneficial and some say it’s inhumane. Although some may disagree, euthanasia should be legalized as it permits people to die with dignity, prevents the suffering of patients with terminal illnesses, and provides the patient with the right to choose when to undergo euthanasia.

Euthanasia is extremely beneficial to society and allows people to die with dignity. Many people want to die a hero’s death and not seem weak: “If a man or woman only has months to live and do not wish to appear sick and weak when the day comes, euthanasia can make this possible without inflicting more pain” (FutureofWorking.com) People with terminal illnesses are already enduring a lot of pain and being seen as weak may bring more pain to that individual, by using euthanasia, it would prevent more pain to be inflicted on the individual. Doing this is the most humane thing to do, when you see someone suffering you should be obligated to do something, to prevent them from suffering even more.

In addition, People have been debating the use of euthanasia and it has many impacts on how the individual wants to be viewed: “… a sick person dies with dignity and still be as handsome or beautiful as he or she used to be during his or her days without the ailment.” (FutureofWorking.com) Many people suffer from all sorts of illnesses and as people, we are obligated to help them. Especially people that have a terminal illness, they know they are going to die, some of them don’t want to seem weak and vulnerable. In conclusion, through the use of euthanasia, we are able to help prevent patients from suffering.

Many people suffer from illness and they endure a lot of pain, in order to prevent them from suffering, we must take action and use euthanasia. Many individuals die an extremely painful death and the use of euthanasia could prevent all of that. In addition, there are many pain medications that have extremely painful side effects. If someone is really not moving or incapable of doing anything, “It is not as if they are really “living’ during this time; they are merely waiting to die” (FutureofWorking.com) Ending an individual’s life should be the most humane thing to do, especially if you seeing them lying down on the bed slowly dying. This doesn’t just affect the patient, but also the patient’s family. These family members will be watching their family member slowly dying, day by day. Without using euthanasia, you would just be inflicting more pain on the patient, they are slowly dying and can’t do anything about it.

In addition, the use of euthanasia has become a large movement:”I have long favored legalizing physician-assisted dying for terminally ill patients whose suffering cannot be relieved in any other way, and I was the first of the original fourteen petitioners to put the Massachusetts Death with Dignity Act on the ballot in November” (Procon.org) Euthanasia is used for patients that are suffering and is extremely beneficial because it used to prevent a patient from suffering. In addition, the medical team is obligated to help someone if they are undergoing a lot of pain. In conclusion, the use of euthanasia is also beneficial because you are allowed when you want to undergo it.

Although some may disagree, the patient has the right to decide whether or not they want to undergo euthanasia. Euthanasia has become extremely controversial and some people don’t even know if it’s a good thing or a bad thing. Furthermore, euthanasia on a patient is quite beneficial because in order to undergo euthanasia you need approval from two parties, your family and the doctors. (DebateWise).

Although some people may view euthanasia as murder, it isn’t because euthanasia requires approval from a medical and family perspective. By doing this the use of euthanasia is very difficult, so this isn’t easy murder. In addition, some may view that the use of euthanasia goes against human ethics. (FutureofWorking.com) Although some may disagree, with if you see someone laying down in a painful state, wouldn’t you end their life because you don’t want to see them suffer? We as citizens have obligations to help the people in need, wouldn’t using euthanasia help these patients. In conclusion, euthanasia has become beneficial and helped the ones in need of help. Euthanasia has been used more many purposes and is also illegal in many states. Some people say euthanasia helps us and some say that it’s our end. Even though some may view euthanasia as illegal, it isn’t as it permits people to die with dignity, prevents the suffering of patients with terminal illnesses, and provides the right to choose when to undergo euthanasia.

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The Cause and Effects of the Militarization of the U.S.- Mexican Border

“;Corranle, allí viene la migra!”, translated into English, this means “Run, there comes immigration!” This is what illegal immigrants shout every day when they are about to cross the Rio Grande in search for better lives. Unfortunately, not many get through alive because of the militarization that has developed on the U.S. border with Mexico. Operation Rio Grande continues a process put in motion over a century ago by the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo. It tries to erase the reality of a social geographical order that defies neat national divisions and impose a narrow notion of citizenship on people on both sides of the international boundary.

In the process, the U.S., like all countries to varying degrees, elevates national citizenship to a position of primacy and lessens the inherent humanity of those on the wrong side of the social and territorial boundaries. Operation Rio Grande, launched in August 1997, in Brownsville, Texas, was a special multi-year operation designed to gain and maintain control of specific border areas through a combination of new technology and additional staffing. At the start of the operation, 69 Border Patrol agents were detailed to Brownsville to intensify existing enforcement effort. In September of that same year, the Border Patrol deployed special response teams to those ports-of-entry where increased numbers of fraudulent entry was expected. In the Fiscal Year of 1998, 260 new Border Patrol agents were added to the McAllen Sector and 205 to the Laredo Sector. An important feature of Operation Rio Grande has been the integration of a broad range of INS enforcement operations.

Studies show that the crime rate in Brownsville alone dropped by more than 20% in 1998. (U.S. INS) The origins of the U.S. Mexico boundary are to be found in the imperial competition between Spain, France, and Britain for possessions in North America. Lack ofagreement between the three imperial powers over the location of the boundaries separating their territories in North America led to disagreement between Mexico and an expansionist U.S. After Mexico gained its independence in 1821, many U.S. leaders argued for taking part or all of Mexico’s territory. Numerous prominent U.S. politicians, driven by the ideology of Manifest Destiny, considered taking Mexico “a divine right.” (Acuna, 1988) As tensions mounted between the U.S. and Mexico over Texas, the U.S. deliberately provoked Mexico by sending troops into territory claimed by Mexico in early 1846. Battles between U.S. and Mexican troops ensued, quickly resulting in full-scale war. The war raged on for two years, largely in favor of the U.S., and ended with the U.S. taking over Mexico City.

On February 2, 1848, the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo was signed, and Mexico was forced to cede half of its territory to the U.S. Under the treaty’s terms, the U.S. annexed a territory equivalent in size to that of Western Europe, and absorbed 100,000 Mexican citizens and 200,000 Native Americans living in the territory. (Herzog, 1990) The decades following the imposition of the new U.S.-Mexico boundary saw widespread violence as U.S. authorities and non-State actors established their dominance. The Mexican Revolution and the accompanying sociopolitical turmoil between 1910, and 1920, caused great concern for U.S. authorities. Tension along the boundary with Mexico quickly subsided thereafter. (Griswold, 1990) Pacification did not mean control by the U.S. Migration between the U.S. and Mexico long preceded the imposition of the modern day boundary. Mexican migration to the U.S. was not really significant in scale or in geographical extent until the 20th Century.

In 1942, the Bracero (Bra-zeh-roh) Program was implemented. It was a contract labor program in response to labor shortages brought about by the U.S. entry into World War II. (The Bracero Program, 1996) Furthermore, the INS practice of legalizing unauthorized migrants and turning them into braceros, or ‘drying out the wetbacks,’ increased unauthorized immigration from Mexico as the news spread that the easiest manner to obtain a bracero contract was to enter the U.S. illegally. When the U.S. Congress officially ended the program in 1964, the previously legal migratory flow simply went underground. As the 1970’s approached, calls to enhance enforcement along the U.S. and Mexico boundary increased significantly. (The Bracero Program, 1996) From U.S. perspective, the modern U.S. – Mexico border has always represented a line of control; one that contains the national body politic and that regulates the flow of goods and people from without. Needless to say, there has long been a huge gap between this territorial-state-centric ideal and the reality of a transnational world. That said, the U.S. has long made efforts, albeit inconsistent ones, to achieve this ideal as part of its efforts to realize national sovereignty.

In 1921, the U.S. government passed the first quantitative immigration restrictions in U.S. history. As a result, the U.S. congress established the Border Patrol in 1924. (Martinez, 1995) The U.S. Border Patrol is the organization that polices the entry of illegal immigrants into our country. The official mission of the United States Border Patrol is to protect the boundaries of the United States by preventing illegal entry, and by detecting, interdicting, and apprehending illegal aliens, smugglers, and contraband. Today, the United States Border Patrol consists of 21 sectors. A Chief Patrol Agent heads each Border Patrol Sector. There are 145 stations located throughout the continental United States, and in Puerto Rico.

The Border Patrol controls the border by land, sea, and air. It has jurisdiction across all United States borders and at least 25 miles off the border. The agents are responsible to check factories and homes for illegal workers. (U.S. INS) “Border control” particularly from Mexico, emerged as important topics in U.S. politics. This was due to the mid-1970’s economic recession, rising numbers of Border Patrol apprehensions, and aggressive INS media campaigns highlighting the scale of the illegal alien problem. The trend continued through the 1980’s reaching its apex in the early 1990’s. U.S. public opinion now consistently shows that there is strong opposition to illegal immigration. (Cornelius, 1994) Over the last several years, the U.S. has seen increasing calls and efforts to fight unauthorized immigration and boundary related crime, specifically drug trafficking. There has been an unprecedented growth in federal resources dedicated to boundary policing. Unauthorized immigration and an out of control border region fueled the political sentiment for immigration enforcement, which climaxed with the year.

passage of the Immigration and Control Act of 1986. (UTA, 1992) Former President Ronald Reagan starkly framed unauthorized immigration as a national security issue, warning, “The simple truth is that we’ve lost control of our borders and no nation can do that and survive.” (Cornelius, 1994) The U.S. – Mexico border region is the fastest growing border zone in the Americas, perhaps in the world. With a population of 11 million people and an economic output of $150 billion, the region now has an economy larger than that of Poland. Approximately 230 million people and 82 million cars enter the U.S. from Mexico each In 1994, the implementation of the North American Free Trade Agreement intensified this trend. About 2.8 million trucks crossed the border that year. The “NAFTAization” and growing militarization of the U.S. – Mexico boundary, are taking place simultaneously. (Divine, 1999)(UTA, 1992)

In an abstract from a book to be published by Harcourt Brace & Company is a very interesting account of the typical journey of most of the illegal immigrants that cross through the border of Matamoros/Brownsville. Most of the immigrants cross the river with assistance from a patero. His job is to recruit people who want to go to the U.S. in search of better fortune. The immigrants don’t have to pay anything in advance. Instead, they pay when they arrive in Houston. They cross the river naked, then take a car to Sarita, Texas. In Sarita, they get off the car before the immigration checkpoint and walk for 4 or 5 hours until they have well passed the checkpoint. From there the pateros pick them up and take them to Houston to deliver to their families or friends. A trip normally costs around $800. (Harper’s, 1998)

The militarization of the border is keeping many illegal aliens from entering the U.S., but many of them get killed in the process. CNN News reports that authorities recovered the bodies of two people who drowned in the Rio Grande just yards from U.S. border agents in a dramatic scene captured on Mexican television. Rescue crews found the bodies of 26-year-old Walter Maria Sandoval, of San Lucas, Michoacan, and another victim who has not been identified yet.

A Mexican TV (Televisa) crew was filming in Matamoros on Thursday, June 8, when three men plunged into the Rio Grande and tried to swim back to Mexico after a Border Patrol squad apparently blocked their entry into the United States. Two of the men quickly began flailing and sinking, as the river’s current swept them away. The third man made it ashore on the Mexican side and ran off, Televisa reported. U.S. border patrol agents and Mexican authorities both saw the men drown, but none knew how to swim, the Mexico City newspaper Reforma reported. Scores of Mexicans have drowned in recent years in the Rio Grande, a point of entry for thousands of illegal immigrants to the United States. (CNN News, 2000) Perhaps the illegal immigrants face fines and penalties for crossing that way, but in their mind working for food is most important.

Hard labor, usually in agriculture, is all they can get. Jobs that not many citizens want to perform because of the physical demands, and prefer to live off of welfare and working people’s taxes, but then complain about the problem with the Border Patrol. If they are bringing most foods to their tables, why complain? It’s obvious that some sort of control, which now exists, is necessary. Many people do enter the country legally, and in many cases, are given political asylum because of the situations in their countries. Mexico is not one of those countries, but is yet another boulder for fleeing refugees to cross before getting to the home of the free.

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LA Native Americans

I learned quite a bit reading this chapter. Full disclosure, I began learning about the Native American’s when I was in 5th grade (see the attached photograph). It has always been an interesting subject because people always assumed my grandfather’s reddish hue linked him to a Native American Heritage (he was Italian). The hue came from working years in the sun. As I said, I learned quite a bit regarding the six (6) tribes we read about. In this paper, the discussion will focus on the six tribes, their history, European encounters, culture, structure. Learning the tribes possibly were linked to the State before the birth of Christ was interesting. Then fast forward to the Colonists who invaded the land as if it were unchartered territory for their claim. Along with their territorial acclimation goals, they brought disease and conflict to Louisiana’s indigenous people. More than half the Native American population failed to survive. Despite this challenge, Native Americans often sided with Colonists in wars. In most cases, Native American’s did not instigate battles with Colonists or other tribes.

Usually in defense battles ensued as Native Americans resisted European advances to gain control of the land cultivated by the Native Americans. As these challenges continued, various national and international wars came about. The French and Indian War was a big one causing various tribes to side with the French, English, or Spanish. The alliances were established based on promises which failed to When King Louis XIV commissioned two French-Canadian brothers from Montreal to explore the MS River Basin, they eventually landed in Louisiana. Once they arrived, they encountered the Native Americans of Biloxi and then Mobile Bay. The brothers and their crew were kind and treated the Native Americans they met with dignity. Once the Spanish arrived, they fought the Native Americans and began stealing treasures and introducing disease to these stable and thriving communities. When the French returned, they found the once-thriving clans weak and reduced in numbers. Once again the French wanted to do business not have war with the Native Americans. The French goal was met with many struggles such as a lack of food, bad weather, unfamiliar disease. The French struggled to secure the land because they were involved in wars in Europe.

As the Europeans and Native Americans (and slaves) increased their contact, the cultures mixed and they shared and introduced new items like gumbo, navigated rivers, introduced spices, healing herbs, religion (many Native Americans became Roman Catholic), and worked together until Europeans wanted to increase their land claims in the territory. Men like Etienne de Comonae replaced de Bienville, he had no preference for Indians and constantly battled them. His disdain proved as a discredit to his leadership and he was replaced after losing 10% of the French population in a battle with the Natchez. Once the French – Indian War began in Pennsylvania, the war involved Americans, Canadians, West Indies, Europe, and included land almost to India, it was so vast it could have been considered the 1st World War. France lost everything, causing Louis XV to transfer Louisiana to his cousin in Spain.

The Native American peoples living in Louisiana consisted of six (6) groups. The Atakapa, the Caddo, the Natchez, the Muskhogean, the Tunica, and the Chitimacha. They self-identified by tribal names, linguistics, traditions, cultural patterns, and geographic areas of residence. The Atakapa lived in Southwest Louisiana, have a parish named after them, lived near River Valleys, and along the Gulf of Mexico. They were called Atakapa by the Choctaw because they practiced cannibalism (eating those they conquered after battles). The Europeans felt they were not couth. They traveled from Louisiana to Galveston Bay. When the French transferred Louisiana to the Spanish they stopped functioning as a tribe. Their totem representations include the alligator, snake, and other animals. Remain in the Acadia Parishes operating under three bands; the Ciwat (alligator), Otse (Teche or snake), and the Tokip (Black Leg or Heron). They were sometimes associated with the Chitimacha people and attacked their neighbors. European disease aided in their demise.

The Caddo Nation operated as a confederacy and a highly developed economy. They permanently lived along the Red River and its tributaries. It was quite interesting to find that the culture dates to 900 AD. They maintained their culture, building mounds along the rivers to include their sacred burial sites and serve as a platform for special events. Unfortunately, they were forced to relocate from the Northwest Louisiana-Texas border to Texas and Oklahoma. They lived in small villages and appeared to be domesticated living in wood homes decorated with rugs, pottery, and other items. They had three (3) confederacies; Hasinai, Kadohadacho, and Natchitoches. They operated as a bureaucracy with minor officials, chiefs, the Grand Caddo, and sub-leaders. They also had a Xinesi (high priest) who maintained an eternal flame which also lit the flames of smaller tribes. The Caddo tended to peacefully co-exist with other tribes and Europeans.

Having lived in Mississippi, the Tunica Groups from Northeast Louisiana were interesting to learn about. They lived east of the Caddo in modern Louisiana, Mississippi, and Arkansas with a home base near Vicksburg, Mississippi. The Tunica were a bit nomadic with a stable economy with active trading networks including agriculture and salt. Their structure was also upset by the Europeans. By the mid-eighteenth century, along with the Ofo, they moved south to the banks of the Mississippi River near Baton Rouge, blending with the Natchez (Avoyles). The most amazing archeological discovery was the Tunica Treasure. Artifacts, work tools, jewelry, gold, and silver were found.

The Natchez lived in Northeast Louisiana and southern Mississippi. They had a large population which eventually declined (possibly due to war and disease). They primarily lived on the east bank of the Mississippi River. Hernando de Soto, who went to war with Native Americans upon his arrival to the region, considered the Natchez very noble, but his entourage introduced disease causing the population to decrease. The Natchez were highly skilled at fighting. They had ceremonies before battle where they feasted, drank, danced, and participated in battle cries. In battle, they were fierce, orderly, and operated with distinct strategies. Post-war, they celebrated by smoking, making their captives perform, and most interesting they scalped those they conquered (because the scalps were easier to carry than a whole body). Additionally, the British would pay for the scalps of the French.

Before this class, I never heard of the Muskhogean Tribe. I learned they had a cultural relationship with the Choctaw, lived south of the Natchez, comprised of multiple (seven) tribes including the Houma, the Bayougoula, the Quniapisa, and the Acolapissa. The Houma were the most significant, living along the Northshore of Louisiana along Lake Ponchatrain working in gravel deposits to create weapons and stone tools. The Bayougoula were related and lived southwest of the Houmas also along the Northshore. Primarily, they lived of clams, shrimp, alligator, and other marine life. They sometimes fought each other and shared the Houma characteristics. The Quniapisa were known for attacking Sieur de la Salle’s expedition in the 1680s. Finally, the Acolapissa were from the east living along the Pearl River and the first to meet the French who they wanted to avoid. The avoidance caused them to move and eventually move and merge with the tribes of the delta region.

Finally, the Chitimacha lived deep in the swampy region of Southeast Louisiana west of the Mississippi River. They had a large population of about 4,000 people in three (3) tribes who did not get along with each other. The three tribes were the Washa (the smallest) who eventually disappeared, the Chawasha who eventually allied with the French and constantly attacked the third tribe, the Chitimacha. Overall, the Chitimacha were highly a highly organized culture settling in Louisiana in the 18th century. They developed crafts made of wood, had copper tools, and created toys for their children. They were a class society with an elite class, lived in wooden homes, and participated in sweat practices (a healing process including a fire with water added to cleanse the body). I have participated in a sweat before and it was quite challenging. Of all the groups, their cultural achievements were more expansive than others in the lower Mississippi River Valley.

All groups operated in clans or extended family members, a council, a sachem, chief, and a shaman. They also had a totem symbol. The tribes often intermarried to connect. Each nation spoke the same language and based connections on the language and culture, not necessarily the families. Patriarchal systems were prevalent in Native American cultures as the men were hunters and warriors, while the women-maintained roles close to home such as home construction, farming, sewing, and making tools. Native American women were, however, very influential, more so than their European counterparts. They negotiated and helped develop and make tribal decisions. Interestingly, gambling was also a big deal as they bet on sporting events that they introduced to the Europeans. Native Americans traded with Europeans and introduced them to various food options and medicines. Additionally, the Europeans incorporated the agricultural and hunting techniques of the Native Americans. Even with the Native American contributions, they upset the balance of Native American relationships, forced tribes to move and relocate.

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Colonies Of The Americas In The 1600s

When we look back on the history of the world we see even through hell and back, we’ve grown and learned. Slavery itself is one of the most scaring things America has yet to acknowledge in History. “ I had reasoned this out in my mind, there was one of two things I had a right to, liberty or death; if I could not have one, I would have the other.” Harriet Tubman, King Charles II, Native Americans has fought for the right of their own journey.

Throughout the 17th and 18th century, people from Africa, forced into slavery to the American colonies, worked as indentured servants and labor in fields. In 1619, “20 and odd” Angolans immigrants, kidnapped by Portuguese, arrived in the British colony of Virginia and were brought by English colonists. The arrival of the enslaved in the New World marked the beginning of slavery and immigration for America. On August 20, 1619, the first enslaved Africans to arrive in Jamestown disembarked at Point Comfort, known as the Hampton Roads today. Originally, the slaves were kidnapped from the Portuguese colonies forces. They were then ordered on the slave ship San Juan Bautista. Around 150 to 350 people on the ship died during the crossing.

As it approached its destination, the ship was attacked by the White Lion and the Treasure. The White Lion ship docked at Virginia Colony’s Point Comfort and Caption John Jope traded the slaves for food. Scholars note the arrivals were technically sold as indentured servants, agreed, mostly forced, to work with no pay for a set amount of time to pay off debt and could legally, eventually, become free at the end of the contract. Despite classification, Africans arriving at Point Comfort in 1619 were forced into servitude and fit the Universal Declaration of Human Rights definition of enslaved people. The arrival roughly brought 400,000 slaves. Early colonists were trying to survive but couldn’t. The colonists resorted to cannibalism. When the slaves came they were crucial to their economy because they knew how to grow rice, sugar, and cotton.

In the late 1600s slaves from the British colonies began to arrive in Spanish Florida. Spanish officials began a policy of baptizing slaves, paying their owners, allowing slaves to work to pay off their debt. King Charles II of Spain issued the Edict of 1693 stating that any male slave on an English plantation who escaped to Spanish Florida would be granted freedom if he join the militia and became Catholic. The Edict became one of the earliest emancipation proclamations. In 1738, the Spanish created the first black community in North America with 100 blacks, mostly runaways from the Carolinas. Many had different working skills creating a colony of free people that attracted more fugitives slaves. In 1740 war began between England and Spain, English sent soldiers and ships to destroy St. Augustine. Blacks, Indians, and Whites joined together to fight back.

Florida remained to the Spanish for the next 80 years. The Quakers are considered the first organized group actively to help escaped slaves. Both black and whites formed a secret network to help escape to freedom. The exact dates of the Underground Railroads first existence is not exactly known but it operated from the 18th century to the Civil War. Quaker Abolitionist Issac T. Hopper set a network in Philadelphia as well as North Carolina established abolitionist groups who mapped out the routes and shelters for escapees. Most slaves that were helped by the Underground Railroad escaped from Kentucky, Virginia, and Maryland. Underground Railroad operators were ordinary people, farmers, business owners, ministers, as well as wealthy people. Levi Coffin, as early as 15 years old began to help escaped slaves. Levi Coffin learned their hiding places to help them move along in their journey.

The terms of The Underground Railroad for those who went south to find enslaved people seeking freedom were called “Pilots.” Guiding enslaved people to safety and freedom were “conductors.” The enslaved people were “passengers.” People’s homes or businesses, where fugitive passengers and conductors could safely hide, were “stations.” Stations were added or removed depending as the ownership of the house changed and if the new owner supported slavery, or if the site was discovered to be a station, passengers and conductors were forced to find a new station. Routes stretched through Ohio, Indiana and Iowa. Others headed north through Pennsylvania and into New England or through Detroit on their way to Canada. Many escaped to Canada because of the Fugitive Slave Act. The Act was federal laws that allowed for the capture and return of runaway enslaved people within the territory of the United States. Northern States tried to have Personal Liberty Laws but were denied by the Supreme Court in in 1842.

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The Zeal of Andrew Johnson

Andrew Johnson from Raleigh, North Carolina received his Presidency at a time where America had experienced the assassination of his forerunner, President Abraham Lincoln. The nation was also reeling from the effects of the Civil War. Johnson managed to establish “Political Reconstruction” in the turbulent Southern States. This was to facilitate reacquainting the people with a refined governmental system. As for the North, Johnson’s implementation had been met with approval asserts. However, things took a turn for the worst “Johnson’s relations with an increasingly radical house and Senate had deteriorated; by spring of 1866 his position as leader of the Union party had become meaningless; and by fall elections of that year his influence in the country at large had all but collapsed” writes.

Johnson’s ‘fall from grace’ had been a result of The Republican’s disapproval of his policies regarding the rebuilding of government. “The man who botched reconstruction, who energized and gave aid and comfort to the recently defeated enemies of the United States, the first President to be impeached by the House Of Representatives, escaping conviction by a hairsbreadth, one vote, in the Senate.” Reports. Johnson had a lot of issues during his tenure in office post-civil war era and was the first ever impeachment in the history of Presidencies’. He indeed left his mark on the post-civil war era in US history. Andrew Johnson had a zeal for learning. He knew he wanted more from life. He was not very educated but made steady strides towards improving himself in areas such as reading, which he did as much as he could. He started out as tailor, and then took it a step further by joining a debate society at Greeneville College. “Now he was an established citizen with property, a tailor shop, a farm, houses and other goods. He had earned the trust of his neighbors, who had elected him to the village Board of Aldermen, to mayoralty and now to assembly” writes. These are some of the factors that helped to shape or prepare Johnson for his role as President. He also knew his ability to speak well, so he took advantage of that asset as well.

In addition, with Johnson receiving one of the two Presidential constituents by the Democratic State Convention at Nashville in 1840, had given Johnson the opportunity to make his presence be known in these areas. It would become the catalyst for the platform he needed within the Democratic Party comments. Some of Johnson’s accomplishments included creating the gateway for the Homestead Act comments. During Johnson’s tenure, the purchase of the State Alaska from the Russian Fur Traders was made. Johnson facilitated the purchase by appealing to congress for the monetary means to acquire Alaska reports.

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The Evolution Of The United States On The Stage Of World Relations

The years of 1901-1912 were a time of fast moving evolution for the united States on the stage of world relationships. As Roosevelt entered office, the “Big Stick” was placed firmly in his hands. He took control of affairs and handled them in the way that he felt should be handled. Nevertheless, when Taft entered office and he did not want to play as large of a role furthermore, big dollar diplomacy evolved out of this desire. Big Dollar diplomacy would have never evolved If It wasn’t for the big stick and for his one Incentive alone it shows that Roosevelt polices were far more effective.

Roosevelt placed the united States Into situations she had never had to deal with In the past. This won the respect of the nations of the world. The Big Stick at period was so overpowering that It far exceeded the country’s capableness. Roosevelt personality did not take Into consideration that at many times In order to form the point of potency he desired he had to dull the rest of the blade. This was unquestionably shown in the structure of the Great white Fleet.

Roosevelt had the sire to show the world the naval capabilities of the united States so he formed the great fleet of battleships to take a tour of the world- while incidentally leaving the rest of our nation’s welfare completely exposed. On the bright side however, the Big Stick was the influential force of strong nationalistic feelings. It awakened the country and made it feel pleasurable as it left a period of crime and corruption in politics. Most importantly, although it was still years away, it allowed us to start prepping for World War One, politically as well as militarily.

When the traditional Taft entered office after Roosevelt, he realized that the he would have to show the nation he was not the same type of leader as Roosevelt was. He was not proficient enough of taking the huge risks Roosevelt had made common practice during his presidency. However, Taft was faced with great tasks. He could not let the newly formed American Empire fall by the curb. He could not let the other countries of the world loose respect for us and gain more land in far off places. So Taft developed a new form of global policy.

Big Dollar Diplomacy as it was called was more of a maintenance driven policy than anything else. Instead of expanding the empire with the Big Stick, Taft took benefit of American economic and industrial force. There could have been no better change flanked by the radical policies of Roosevelt and the traditionalist ones of Wilson. The big dollar maintained American strength and influence, but did not expand It. This was shown by Tuft’s desire to build a transcontinental railroad in China. Taft kept us on the point with world affairs UT, only at the conservative level that he knew we could handle safely.

By utilizing the dollar he hit other nations where It hurts, the pocket. He made others Like those In South America loyal to us and paved our status In the world. Big Stick and Big Dollar diplomacy were both victorious polices In the respect that they skillfully validated what they were Intended to do. However, Big Dollar was more of a patch. It was adapted as a “do the least that we can” type of policy. Therefore I believe that the Big Stick was far more victorious. If we did not have the lumber of Dollar.

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Life in the Fast Lane

Progressive Era Reform The beginning of the twentieth century verified a desperate need for political, social and economic reform. The Progressive Era called for movements due to the reactions affecting the ever growing nation’s Industrialization, Immigration and arbitration. Journalists known as the “muckrakers” highlighted the malpractices In politics and business which also demanded eradication after society realized the poor conditions and recognized improvements that needed to be made.

The Progressives pursued improving the quality of life to make “even, equal, fair regress. ” The Progressive Era ushered in a time of recognition within the united States when citizens no longer accepted the conditions they lived In and strove for change, where the federal government took notice and evolved Into a more responsible system that brought aid to the country in forms of economic stimulation and regulation to ensure that all had the opportunity to rise up and create progress for themselves through the concerns and successes under the presidencies of Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft and Woodrow Wilson.

Theodore Roosevelt steered the United States Into an unambiguous state of rookeries through his prolonged effort and support for The Progressive Movement by reinforcing his executive powers to demonstrate his use of arbitration, regulate control of “big business”, guide environmental conservation, and making it his duty to seek reforms for the greater good of the common man.

When the united Mine Workers called a strike to protest their minimal compensation, mine owners refused to negotiate with them causing a dip in the nation’s source of heating fuel. To resolve the problem, Roosevelt decided on arbitration while warning to use the army to take control of the mines. This famous so called “square deal” became the name of his domestic program, which assured that each side of a given argument would achieve fair results from the agreed compromise.

Roosevelt viewed himself as an archetype of all the people in his nation, which gives reasoning to his “trust busting” actions to put restraints on big businesses to conserve economic liberty. By reinforcing the Sherman Antitrust Act which dissolved trusts, Roosevelt brought down the Northern Securities holding company that had been declining railroad rates. During Roosevelt administration, 42 antitrust efforts happened to be organized which took lace in reforming or getting rid of the Standard Oil, beef trust and the American Tobacco Company.

While the food and drug industries faced public mutilation due to the muckrakers exposing their horrors, Roosevelt took charge in his response of the Pure Food and Drug Act as well as the Meat Inspection act which ordered for authentic labels, uncontaminated workplace and a specific rating system for meats to Insure Improvements In protecting public health. Roosevelt also aided the general Department of Labor to reform working laws to benefit the women and children of the Progressive Era. During Roosevelt presidency, he sought after amendments to conserve the environment.

By working with Gifford Ponchos, they minimized state and local involvement relating to natural resources. The National Reclamation Act allowed for the building of irrigation systems to be built in dry lands. Roosevelt effort ultimately confirmed over 200 million acres for national parks and forests, reserves and irrigation and water projects. Roosevelt presidency exemplifies the hard working, Just and honest ideals of the “American Dream” by accomplishing or being unsuccessful at one’s own hands.

Theodore Roosevelt proves himself to be the epitome of Progressivism by thrusting our nation into an era of multiple positive reforms to develop and advance involvement in the daily life of the people in our society. William Howard Tuft’s four tumultuous years as president proved that his predecessor Theodore Roosevelt shoes were difficult to fill. From the beginning of his legislature, he abdicated the progressives and caused turmoil in the Republican party. Tuft’s efforts over lower tariffs backfired on him with the Payne Aldrich Tariff which increasingly angered the Republicans.

Taft fought to maintain business ideals by pursuing land for unrestricted development and abandoning the Progressives by opposing conservation policies which Roosevelt supported. By working with Richard Balling, he dwindled in popularity by betraying the Progressives morals about managing public land fairly and appropriately and by firing Gifford Ponchos, head of the US Forest Services. Although Tuft’s concerns are highlighted, his success need not be overshadowed by the commotion he caused. Taft conserved more public land and and consorted more antitrust cases than Roosevelt even did.

He continuously backed the Children’s Bureau , the Sixteenth and Seventeenth amendments calling for income taxes and the direct election of senators and last, but not least, he agreed with the Mann Alkies Act of 1910 which gave the Interstate Commerce Commission the power to adapt telephone and telegraph rates. William Howard Tuft’s delegation demonstrated many concerns, but also brought about focal points on the undying Progressive Reforms. After William Howard Tuft’s rambunctious presidency came to an end, a new leader known for being a dedicated reformer, stepped up to advance the American nation.

Woodrow Willow’s criticism of big business and big government also known as the “New Freedom” policy pursued backing antitrust cases without causes harm to the nation’s commercial growth and competition. He reduced tariffs through the Underworld Tariff Act of 1912 by fifteen percent and issuing a federal income tax to continue the support of government revenue. Through Willow’s ideas and legislation, Congress brought about the Clayton Antitrust Act to back the Sherman Antitrust Act to regulate big businesses from unfair decision making such as price cutting, purchase prevention and other rules to slowly eliminate unjust monopolies.

The Federal Trade Commission set in stone by Wilson and Congress sought to prevent arbitrary business practices . Under Willow’s legislation, the creation of the Federal Reserve System created regional banks for loans and reserves to prevent economical panics. One of his may financial reforms also known as the Federal Farm Loan Board practices in industrial businesses. Woodrow Willow’s successes during the Progressive Era brought about extensive financial advancements and reforms which are still beneficial today. The Progressive Era left an invaluable legacy for the United States of America for years and years to come.

The lasting reforms through Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft and Woodrow Willow’s successes which brought about the many changes of child labor laws, women’s suffrage, trust busting, protecting working conditions, public health laws, strengthening the representative government, income taxes and the preservation of communal lands set a green light for the innovation and improvement of our nation’s current laws. The Progressives methods of economic regulation led to improving the recession during the Great Depression. To this very day, the amendments made by the Progressives are still intact.

Through Progressivism, the United States evolved into a nation open for improvements for the betterment of society and a place where no one settled for less for less than what they believed they deserved. A monopoly thing is Toluene Mole: g/mol pressure increases We run to the place where there is no more running to do but we wish to go somewhere where we don’t know where it is but we will go no matter how long it takes to get there because the atmospheric pressure is pushing us to the limit limit but we are in it to win it in it to win it Oh yeah so like you’re a womanlier baby

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