Years

To what extent was the increase in electoral support for the Nazi Party in the years 1928-33 the result of effective propaganda and electioneering? The years 1928 to 1933 were very significant for the Nazi Party and their leader, Adolf Hitler. After the attempted Munich Putsch, the Nazi Party had well and truly entered the political spotlight of German politics and had successfully re-established itself after Hitler was released from prison in 1924. Following on from being so heavily in the public eye, the Nazi Party had a rise in support due to increased awareness of the party, but 1928 marked a steep increase in this.

There are many factors that contributed to this increase in electoral support for the Nazi Party from 1928-1933, but it was largely due to effective propaganda and electioneering. Nazi propaganda was under leadership of Joseph Goebbels, who was able to identify the concerns of all sectors within the German population and use this to create a remarkable propaganda scheme. An example of this is where workers were addressed with posters depicting endless queues of unemployed people, suggesting that Hitler would be able to abolish unemployment – a miracle that was readily accepted by this group.

As well as targeting specific groups, Goebbels was able to manipulate a variety of propaganda techniques, from using posters to nursery rhymes to the radio. The Nazi Party presented an image that appealed to everyone through their use of propaganda. It is because of propaganda that they were able to convince the public of their ability to transform the country to one ridden with debts, political instability and embarrassment to a global superpower that was successful in every aspect. Even now, Nazi propaganda is still viewed as a remarkable achievement for the Nazi Party and is undoubtedly one of the main reasons why Nazi support increased from 1928-1933.

Electioneering is the other main reason for the increase in electoral support. In terms of Nazi policy itself, although it was controversial, Hitler was careful to be very careful about certain points – especially regarding religion. The 25 Point Programme of the Party depicted that it “represents the point of view of positive Christianity”, whereas in reality the Nazi Party stood for the complete opposite. With the majority of Germans being Christian (2/3 of these were Catholic and 1/3 Protestant), the Nazi’s could not afford to alienate the Church and risk repelling the majority of the electorate.

Throughout their electioneering, the Nazi’s used the SA to intimidate the opposition and sometimes even carry out such violent attacks that political figures, especially Communist politicians, were unable to continue their own electioneering. This allowed the Nazi party to reduce their opposition and allowed them to manipulate the public further using their effective propaganda. As the Nazi Party organised propaganda rallies to build up electoral support, they also organised members to attend the rallies disguised as potential voters. This gave the impression that the party was extremely popular and therefore encouraged voters that might otherwise vote for another larger party to support the Nazi’s instead.

These propaganda rallies were used to persuaded all of Germany to vote for Hitler and his party because Hitler was able to constantly travel around the country using an airplane. This electioneering meant that he was able to directly address potential supports and use propaganda to convince them to vote Nazi. It could be claimed that Hitler himself contributed largely to the electoral success of the Nazi Party. Many women found Hitler aesthetically attractive and emphasis was placed on his bright blue eyes and his friendly nature towards children. Men found Hitler as a man to admire – he was charismatic and some newspapers even labelled him ‘Hitler the Superman’.

Above all, Hitler was a brilliant auditor and had the ability to captivate audiences that was unmatched by no other politician and delivered speeches with such power that it was hard not to be swept in by his manipulative and misleading words. However, it could not be said that Hitler himself contributed to the increase in electoral support to a larger extent than propaganda and electioneering. Another factor that could be argued to have resulted in the increase in electoral support is the very climate of Germany during that time.

Following on from the failure of war in 1918, Germany was stampeded with crises after crises. In economic terms, the funding of the war had resulted in inflation and forced Germany to borrow loans from the USA in order to pay the £6600 million in reparations. This meant that when America suffered from the Wall Street Crash, Germany was hit by Depression in 1926. Living standards plummeted and Germany was on the verge of a civil war. Consequently, the German people looked towards extremist parties to provide them with the revolutionary change needed to return Germany to a least a partial stability.

Again, whilst this was a big factor in increase of Nazi support, the situation in Germany was balancing out, especially as the effects of hyperinflation were weakening by 1925. Therefore, the hardships that Germany faced during this period cannot be accountable for the increase in the Nazi Party’s electoral success compared to the propaganda and electoral success that was constant throughout 1928-1933. In conclusion, the increase in electoral support for the Nazi Party in the years 1928-33 was the result of effective propaganda and electioneering to a far extent. A variety of factors contributed to this increase, including Hitler’s personality and the downfall of Germany during the post-war years.

However, the strongest factors were persistently the Nazi’s propaganda campaign that was led by Goebbels and their electioneering methods. Through this, they were able to specifically target groups within the electorate and develop the Nazi image itself which drew support from voters and caused the German people to trust them to restore Germany’s former status.

Henry worked hard to establish, consolidate and recover many foreign relations within his reign. This was mostly defensive due to pretenders threatening Henry’s throne which meant a lot of Henry’s foreign relations were defensive. However, Henry did also establish policies to help other factors during his reign. One way in which Henry did establish relations out of defence was to rid of short term pretenders and threats to his throne. An example of this would be the Treaty of Etaples which was made in 1492 with France.

This treaty outlined neither country would support imposters which resulted in France having to stop supporting and give up Perkin Warbeck who was at the time pretending to be Richard, Duke of York. The treaty was a defensive manoeuvre to ensure the pretender was stopped to reduce the threat to Henry’s throne and this helped Henry a lot as France did not particularly like Henry at the time so the Treaty meant they would no longer support Warbeck which helped Henry protect his security well. However, some of Henry’s actions could have been seen as an attack rather than defence.

The treaty of Etaples also meant Henry demanded money resulting in France had to pay an annual pension of 50,000 crowns (?5,000). The money was given due to Henry reasserting an ancient claim to French lands and besieging Boulogne which was quite assertive and was this part of the treaty was more of an attack towards France. This is why it is debatable whether Henry was more defensive or attacking in foreign policy as the Treaty of Etaples did both as it forced France to give up pretenders, protecting Henry, but also demanding money, an attack of France.

However, it is clear that indeed, henry did use the treaty to attack France but overall used it as a defence. Another reason Henry instated foreign policy completely as a defence was to secure his dynasty through marriages and treaties and make peace for his and others future rule. The Treaty of Ayton, made in 1497, established Anglo-Scottish harmony which matured into a formal peace Treaty in 1502 and the long term strength was symbolised with the marriage of Princess Margaret, Henry’s daughter, and James IV in 1503.

This was entirely to put a stop to the on-going conflict on the Scottish border and ensure a lasting truce and alliance with Scotland for his dynasty and future security. Yet on the other hand, Henry also established foreign policies and agreements to help improve England’s trade. Due to Margaret of Burgundy showing continuous support for Warbeck, Henry issued an embargo on English trade with Burgundy that lasted until 1496.

Henry then later dealt with this with the Intercursus Magnus also known as the Great Settlement in 1846 as both Henry and Philip had suffered from the commercial restrictions and needed each other’s trade again. This cannot be seen as defensive as relations did not improve massively as Philip continued to harbour Yorkists meaning this agreement was purely made to improve trade and English profits and did not benefit Henry in securing his throne nor dynasty. This clearly means Henrys foreign policy was not entirely defensive but was placed to improve trade as well.

In conclusion, Henry worked hard to establish foreign policies for different reasons. It is clear that Henry’s main priority was as defence but also that it was not the total reason and foreign policy was not used completely for defence as Henry did make some agreements to assist trade and as a form of attack on countries to instate and show power. However, it is fair to say Henry’s foreign policy was defensive to help secure his throne but mostly to provide and protect his dynasty.

Started from being a little girl who didn’t know what was right or wrong, a girl who just looked at everyone thinking they were weird looking or funny, a girl who loved her family just as much has she loved her binky. To being a woman today with big hopes and dreams, a woman who one day will pursue her goal to being an athletic trainer, and to one day have a family of four. Ten years from now I desire to finish college with a masters in athletic training and work with a professional sports team. I want to save lives in the future and in order for that to happen, I must complete my goals.

The beginning of sixth grade was when I first was involved with sports. I loved basketball, but it also was the only sport I did for a year. The next year was when I really got involved with all sports. I participated in volleyball. I never really thought that I, not the smallest or bravest girl, would enjoy volleyball but I did. It was so fun and I was actually good at it! I was so surprised by the end of the season. I was able to block, reach over the net, hit, pass, and I wasn’t afraid to fall to the ground.

Now, being a senior in high school and over half way to graduating I absolutely love volleyball. My dream ever since freshman year when we went to a WSU volleyball game was to be college student playing volleyball on a college court in front of a big crowd shouting of my name because I have played great. Since then I have come to realize that I am too short to play college volleyball. I feel really tall next to my friends and family members but when I stand next to the college volleyball players I am a shrimp.

I want to do something with my life that involves sports. I feel like sports make up my personality. Even if I am weak at some sports, it helped build up my leadership, my confidence to achieve something that I need to work on, and my ability to stay competitive against others. The closest career that dealt with sports and made a decent amount of money was athletic training. Taping injuries, teaching the players’ different exercises, and much more sounds so fun and a career that I can spend the rest of my life to doing.

I someday hope to be working at a college that I graduated from hoping to be either Boise State University or University of Montana. My goal is to have started a family business to help my family out with money and also to help people that are in need of sports injuries. I want my business to be a gym where members can workout. When they get an injury or have a question about an injury, I will have employees by their side in no time to answer their questions.

If the member wants they can have a personal trainer to help him or her out. This business will have a gym and such others there they can play basketball, tennis, racquetball, weight room, and etc. I hope to make the business fun but yet a serious place where people with such injuries can get the help that they need to make their lives better. My future ahead of me looks bright and exciting. I want to achieve my goals in order my future to end up what I have wrote above.