Clothing

How much does a Facebook business page cost?

Facebook is a completely free social network which allows you to create either personal or business pages. It’s not important how many followers or likes you have. The question is whether you are going to include Facebook advertisements which should be paid by the owner of the business page.

So, as long as you simply want to post news, photos, vacancies about your business on Facebook, it’s free.

What happens to Consumer and business spending when the interest rates go up?

What happens to consumer and business spending when the interest rates go up? Both spendings decrease because the money itself becomes more expensive. All loans and credits are more expensive to take from bank for the end users and business because commercial banks take this money from the central bank at the higher rate. It also leads to the shortage of the cash available on the market.

If two’s company and three’s a crowd, what are four and five?

Right answer: nine

What is the correct spelling of the plural possessive form of ‘business’?

The plural form of the noun bussiness is businesses. The plural possessive form is businesses’. example: The businesses’ reports all came out on the same.

What does “business in the front party in the back” means?

You may be shocked, but the mentioned above term is not connected with the business sphere at all. It is used to describe a mullet which is a kind of hairstyle. This idiom is obsolete.

What did Coolidge mean by “the business of government is business”?

Coolidge meant that private sector with entrepreneurs should be left without many governmental regulations. The business of America is business because the government shouldn’t get involved in that sphere much. It is the only way for giving the Economy prospect to develop.

What does “departure from outward office of exchange” mean?

It is one of the stages of the product delivery. It means the parcel has left the international exchange point. The next step is arrival at inward office of exchange in the country where the package should be delivered. So, your parcel is basically in the middle of export and import.

Which investment type typically carries the least risk?

Precious metals, real estate, antiques and government bonds are among material values that do not lose their expense over time and therefore are reliable for investment. They hold capital, but do not multiply it. Reliability and high return on investment at the same time are unlikely, so it is worth to finance in different areas.

What company pays the MPV of the super bowl every year to sponsor their business?

It is Walt Disney Company. This tradition began at 1987. When somebody asked the first Most Valuable Player of the Super Bowl Award what he was going to do after winning. The player said “I’m going to Disneyland.” Since then it has became a slogan for the company and main advertising logo.

What kind of apparel does the Weatherproof Garment Company make?

It has clothes for both men and women. The apparel variety includes anoraks, jackets, coats, puffers, sweatshirts. The material they use is of the high quality; here you can find the soft shell, quilts, mixed media, microfiber, aero leather and others. The main advantages of these materials include wind resistance, multi-functionality. The garment provides high mobility and comfort.

What company pays the MVP of the Super Bowl every year to sponsor their business?

The Disney company sponsors Super Bowl MVP. The most valuable players and their families have an opportunity to make an all-expense paid trip to Disneyland. By the way, well-known phrase “I am going to Disney World,” for the first time, was said by a Super Bowl player.

UC Davis VS UC Santa Cruz. Which school is better for Business major?

I was looking through the official site of UC Davis, and I couldn’t find the Business major. You’d have to choose between Managerial Economics and International Relations.

As to UC Santa Cruz, you can try Business Management Economics major. This university will help you with the career of businessmen more because it includes a good selection of applied fields.

Why are you interested in working for Buffalo Wild Wings?

If during the interview you are asked “Why are you interested in working for BWW,” you should make up a relevant and creative answer. Don’t copy somebody’s words offered on the Internet, just focus on yourself. Is this profession related to your personality, hobbies, interests? How can it help you for self-improvement? Also, be specific in your answer. Don’t talk about your dream to work in the food industry. Specify the particular characteristics of BWW: do you like its design, atmosphere, service?  Answer those questions, and you are ready for the interview.

Each employee or customer who uses a computer in a large business is a?

Enterprise user

What industry classification is mcdonalds?

classification belongs to the retail sector. As to the unions, McDonald’s refer to the quick delivery branch. It specializes in franchising which means that you can virtually buy a license and become an owner of one of its restaurants.

Taking care of business Skyrim?

“Taking care of business” is a quest which is available to play at Skyrim. Here you have several objectives to complete the quest: collect debts of others. You can do this quickly, but be aware that not all of the business owners are ready to pay. They will tell you lots of evasive responses, but don’t forget about completing the main tasks of the game.

Do you apply to the Heavener school of business?

The applications from both freshman and students who have an AA degree from the high school are handled by the UF Admission Office. There is also an option for transfer students who are eager to study at the program Bachelor of Arts in Business Administration. The Florida Heavener School of Business also has variants for those who need online programs and students without a degree (summer courses). For all of the options, you need to send the applications. You just need to choose which of the variants is suitable for you.

A production possibilities frontier is bowed outward when?

A production possibilities frontier is bowed outward when the estimated worth of tradeoff between two products are being manufactured depending on how much of each item is being made.

National society of leadership and success is it worth it?

You may get enrolled in the National Society of Leadership if you have high grades. Each university has specific requirements. It is worth your efforts if you like attending master classes in developing your leadership qualities.

Culture is the characteristics and knowledge of a particular group of people, encompassing language, religion, cuisine, social habits, music, and arts. Every country has its own culture. Sometimes those cultures are similar to some countries and some are different from other countries. Firstly Western culture is characterized by a host of artistic, philosophic, literary, and legal themes and traditions; the heritage of Celtic, Germanic, Hellenic, Jewish, Slavic, Latin, and other ethnic and linguistic groups, as well as Christianity, which played an important part in the shaping of Western civilization since the beginning of the modern civilization.

Western culture continued to develop with Christianization during the Middle Ages, the reform and modernization triggered by the Renaissance, and with globalization by successive European empires, that spread European ways of life and European educational methods around the world between the 16th and 20th centuries. Nowadays the Western culture is an incredibly broad term used to describe the social norms, belief systems, traditions, customs, values, and so forth that have their origin in Europe or are based on European culture. America, for example, is firmly Western in culture.

From that, western culture is effecting the South Asian countries like Bangladesh in a high range. Secondly India’s links with Bangladesh by civilizational, cultural, social, and economic. There is a spark of past which unites the two countries – a shared history and common heritage, linguistic and cultural ties, passion for music, literature, and the arts. The two nations were strong allies during the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971.

From that time India’s cultural impact was always visible in Bangladesh’s culture. Globalization has opened many ways to explore extraneous cultures, and which is also giving Bangladesh an amazing opportunity to know about foreign cultures. Bangladeshi people follow the Western culture as well as shifting gear with the impacts of Indian culture, but as of now they are very keen on learning and practicing both Western & Indian culture. It appears that the men are following the Western culture as the women are getting along with Indian culture over their lifestyle. They are emulating their language, lifestyle, dress, behavior, movies, and music. Bangladesh witnessed a cultural shift during the time of some biggest festivals like Eid and Puja on these past several years.

Western and Indian influence on society

Western culture and Indian culture has always shown its influence on Asian societies. Which is also currently affecting Bangladesh. This could be for multiple reasons like fascination, dreamy autonomy, etc., which are somehow absent in Asian culture. Western culture conveys and promotes the ideas and values of advanced civilization across the people of Asia. Because of western and Indian culture nowadays many social norms are being broken many crimes are also being occurred. The youths of the future are getting highly influenced because of the western and Indian cultural vibes. Moreover, westernization fades away from our religious values.

It is also affecting our mental thinking power and knowledge. Western culture believes in a nuclear family system which is mostly against our Bangladeshi family system. Many families are being broken like getting a divorce because of the thinking and bad effect of western culture on our society. Apart from the Indian culture the Bangladeshi people are getting highly influenced by the Hindi serials portray sexual harassment, eve-teasing, criminal activities which affect the audiences negatively. The Indian dresses, especially the dresses of women are not always considered appreciating in Bangladeshi society. But nowadays, inspired by the Indian fashion industry, audiences of Bangladesh, especially female ones tend to follow their fashion trends.

Negative impacts of Western & Indian culture over Bangladeshi culture:

The western and Indian culture is almost like ruining our all traditional cultural dresses. Western and Indian clothing industry is affecting the traditions of the Bangladeshi culture. For example, in Bangladesh, the traditional dressing is sari, selwarkamij, lungi, Panjabi, and many more traditional dresses. But nowadays not only the western culture but also the Indian culture is also taking over these traditional wearing.

The Indian culture is influencing the people to wear dhuti, kurti, Indian traditional Panjabi. However, today there are lots of people who also wearing more western clothing like jeans, T-shirts, and girls are wearing short skirts tops, etc. In Bangladesh, there is approximately 25% of western clothing. The change of fashion over Bangladesh is now leading to a reduction of the importance of their own culture to many people. This is rising alarmingly nowadays.

1. Diversity over Festivals:

The western and Indian culture is impacting over the Bangladeshi traditional festivals in many ways too. Many people in Bangladesh are greatly celebrating their festivals every year and enjoying those cultural events very much. Today, large numbers of people in Bangladesh are not celebrating their festivals like “Pohela boishakh”, “Book Fair”, “Nobanno Utshob” also so many traditional festivals, but instead, they are celebrating more of western cultures like Christmas or Halloween. Then they are also celebrating many Indian traditional festivals such as Holi, Diwali, etc. in the old Dhaka.

In the Bangladeshi perspective, no boy or girl is allowed to date or hang out with each other openly. However, today in Bangladesh, many youngsters are breaking these laws and are celebrating Valentine’s Day hanging out for late nights. These are threats for the religion and by the side society also. So as the society and the religion has to work on this alarming situation together otherwise also the social norms and etiquettes will breakdown.

2. Diversity over Broadcast:

Then come to the movies and TV serials of Indian broadcasts. Which is creating a negative impact on society. Mostly on the youths and the housewives are getting influenced by these mostly. Apart from showing love and relations, Hindi serials also show many negative aspects such as jealousy, conspiracy, conflicts among family members, extramarital affair, etc. which have a great impact on the psychology of people. Because audiences try to relate these in real life whereas these always don’t occur in real life.

3. Diversity over food:

The Bangladeshi people have welcomed many western & Indian foods such as pizza, burgers, steak tacos, etc. for western influence and pani puri, gulab jamoon, dosa, rajma chawal, and some other street foods but Bangladeshi foods like Panta-Ilish, Pitha, Many types of sweets, Gelabi, curry, etc., are being less popular in the Asian region, nowadays are becoming common in Europe while the western foods are growing stronger and are becoming more popular in the Asian region like Bangladesh. Western and Indian foods contain too much fat and this causing the obesity rate in Bangladeshis to increase.

In Bangladesh, you are not allowed to eat pork or meat widely however, since the western foods have kicked in, many Bangladeshis are no longer respecting their religion and are eating things against their religion. This is causing the value of their religion to decrease and is changing many people’s lifestyles. Today in the Asian region, there are more western restaurants like KFC or Mac Donald’s compared to the cultural restaurants of Bangladesh which are ruining our traditional foods.

4. Diversity of Languages:

Bangladesh is home to about 164.7 million (2017) people speaking about many languages. However, many of these mother tongue languages are beginning to fade away. As usual, to get a good job, you must know the basic language (English) or other additional ones. So many people today are focusing on these languages and are forgetting about their mother tongue and ruining their language. Thus, this is making their religion less important which is a sign of social diversity.

5. Diversity over Lifestyle:

Westernization and Indian culture has changed many people’s lifestyle. Now, there is no particular lifestyle over Bangladesh. Most things have changed like respect to the young ones and elders, the importance of a family, marriage making, clothing, festivals, foods, names, languages and even getting plastic surgery to look more western. People are changing themselves and are trying to adapt like western and Indian people.

Westernization and Indian culture is also reducing the equality of lifestyles over Bangladesh. In the Bangladeshi culture, in order to visit mosques, temples you must have the right clothing although, it is shocking to see that today, there are many teenagers who are dressing as modern people stylish haircuts, jeans, T-shirts, etc. when entering a
Mosque or a temple.

In the Bangladeshi culture, people had respect for the young and elders, however, since the western culture has arrived, the respect had gone and now the behaviors of many people have changed which is a sign of western influence. The Bangladeshi music has changed greatly due to in taking of the western culture. Bangladeshis have their own traditional music and instruments like flute, drums, etc., however, today they are using different instruments like guitars to make their music, and now, Bangladeshi songs sound completely different and are nothing like what they sounded before. Western music is ruining our own cultural music.

Positive impacts of Western & Indian culture over Bangladeshi culture:

The western and Indian culture has impacted on the Bangladeshis in many negative ways. However, it has also influenced some positive signs over Asian countries like Bangladesh in many ways too. For example, it is making people more modern.

1. Adapting with the modernity:

The Bangladeshi culture is a very old culture and is staying the same nevertheless, now the western culture is changing it to become more modern. Today, the western media is now making many people in Bangladesh especially teenagers dressing more modernly like jeans, T-shirts, etc. Modernization has also enabled to increase the economic growth of Bangladesh. The people are adapting to modern vibes in such a quick sensation.

Due to westernization and Indian influence, sanitation and public health have improved greatly over Bangladesh. Many western and as well as Indian doctors have immigrated into Bangladesh and have made medicines that have helped reduce sicknesses, diseases in large parts because health care has become accessible. As well as the local doctors are also getting skilled to get on the run with the western and Indian-doctors.

2. Getting skillful:

The presence of western and Indian traders in Bangladesh has increased the demands for goods and services in Bangladesh. As a result of that, Bangladeshi artisans, craftsmen, and weavers have employed. These artisans and craftsmen have grown in numbers and now the Bangladeshi labor force and become more skilled and handy. They are also getting quite ambitious over their passions and skills over working hard.

People are focusing on many online projects and works. Bangladeshi people are very ambitious if they get the proper platform for doing what they want to do. Besides students of many Universities are also making themselves more skillful so that they can compete with the modern world. They are doing many online courses and making themselves more unique.

3. Increase in Education:

Westernization has also benefited areas of education in Bangladesh. When the British occupied with Bangladesh, they build many schools throughout the country and this made the literacy increase and the poorest class of society had access to knowledge and education. The Indian Books for education is making much easier for the students of all paths to progress on education. It is getting easier to get an education because of western and Indian culture.

4. Modern media system:

Western and Indian culture has created a film industry media in Bangladesh. In America there is an industry named Hollywood, then in India, there is also an industry named Bollywood. For example, in America, Bangladesh now has a famous movie-making media called, ‘Dhollywood’ which came from Hollywood in America. ‘Dhollywood’s’ films now traditionally feature in

Bangladesh, its culture, tradition, and religion. ‘Dhollywood’ is now quiet popular over Bangladesh and many people know about it. So the media over Bangladesh has also developed due to the western culture.

5. Communication system:

Western and Indian culture has brought many new methods to communicate with each other. The Modern Communications Systems provides complete integration services for the elements of the unique system of transit, including signal, traction power, SCADA, Public Address, Access Control, CCTV, and many more. Previously people used to read the newspaper but nowadays people are reading news on laptops, mobile phones, etc. people are getting modern in terms of time.

Telephone, mobile, telegraph, T.V cable, Computer, etc. did come from western and Indian technology. Because of these technologies, our daily lives have been much more delightful. Then comes the social media which is a creation of the westerns. Because of this social media, we can always stay connected with the people we love and care about. So this modern communication system social media made our life much easier to communicate with the world in a freeway.

Impact of western & Indian culture on Bangladeshi youth:

The youth have always been the power and pride of each Asian nation like Bangladesh. They are the soles for the future success for a nation. But because of the western influences, their mindsets of the youths are getting infected and they are nowadays rather thinking about the future they are thinking about their current terms. They all have to be determined to earn success for the future and be patient. But they all are imitating the western thoughts and mindsets.

They are celebrating many western and Indian cultural events respectively like “Valentine’s day”, “Halloween”, and “Hole”, “Diwali” etc. for wasting the crucial times of their life. Then they are also occurring many crimes like- rape, pornography, manners, and simple norms, talking with their parents these are nowadays taking the society on the verge of extinct danger for future improvisation.

So, it is their parents and societies duty to make their sons and daughters aware of these western and Indian influences. Indian soap operas and drama shows influence the younger generation too. Yes, they get to learn about a new culture; which is a very positive side from an educational perspective. But the problem begins when their fertile brains adopt these customs and prefer Indian culture than the native one.

These TV shows bring changes in children’s norms, values, and attitudes. They often quarrel or lie that creates family conflict. And also they get introduced to the illegal or violent side of society at an early age. The most common cause is using the Hindi language which is embarrassing. Children get attracted to Indian fashion and clothing rather than native products. They learn Hindi culture and develop a prejudice against the indigenous culture.

Some massive problems of youths:

1. Having a relationship with multiple girls makes you cool dude.
2. Being obedient or sincere to your parents is out of fashion and if you are one you are stupid.
3. Drinks, smoke, pubs, bar and sex is the only way to enjoy the life.
4. Women empowerment in wrong direction. Movies depict girls who smoke, drink, roam around with multiple BFs are actually empowered. Obedient/sincere girl towards parents is always shown as stupid girls.
5. A girl following Bangladeshi culture, not wearing western or Indian cloths is tagged as ‘Khet’ or ‘unsmart’. So if you don’t follow western culture you are an idiot.
6. Using ‘F’ word in almost all statements is another way of showing off your education.
7. There is no destination for enjoy in Bangladesh. All the foreign locations are hyped for honeymoon, vacations etc. Bangladesh does have lots of beautiful places, its just we don’t realize (respect) it.
8. Lots of negative things on Bangladeshi education system. I agree there are few problems, but the bigger problem is in Society mentality which believes in the comparison of own child with some ‘Private Tutor’ child and believe that if he can then own child can also become engineer / doctor etc. Whatever education we have, it has the potential for enabling us to work in any location of the world.
9. Lots of focus on Live-In relationships. Our personal view is, we are over promoting this as a valid culture.

Concluding Remarks:

Culture is a unique entity of a nation. It expresses the common behavior, norms, values, traditions of a nation. Culture is generally reflected by the architecture, literature, dance, music, art, festivals. Starting from our eating habits to festivals, meetings, and greetings everything is part of the culture. The whole world has been changed, destroyed and redesigned, and to accommodate western culture.

Cultural groups and traditional lifestyles struggle in this new western world. Traditional tribal living has often been replaced by poverty living. One of the most positive points of Western culture is that it had access to science and technology before many other cultures. Western Countries and the Indians also had industrialization before most other countries. Westernization has brought many negative impacts on Bangladeshi culture.

However, it has also brought many benefits as well although, there are more advantages of western and Indian culture compared to the disadvantages. Still, Asian nations should take care of this globalization because, in the future, it will change Bangladeshi culture and destroy its religion, culture, and tradition. So, we all have to be aware of the bad sites and effects of western culture otherwise it will bring massive social diversity.

At first, Miss Bartlett shrank from the hints and persuasions for the reason of not wanting to abandon hope by retreating into a life only with another woman at the age of forty. However, she eventually decided to live with Miss Restrooms with the thought of doing the latter some good instead of needing someplace warmer and someone to take care of. As time went by, Miss Bartlett ran a larger business with the help of MISS Restrooms. Nevertheless, the more well-kept the home Is, the more unsatisfied she felt. But they still lived a happy life until one day Angela, Miss

Raccoon’s niece came for a visit. This visit dramatically provoked the awareness of Miss Bartlett ‘s dependence upon Miss Restrooms and made her regret missing so many opportunities possible. Then she moved back. Only to face the damp and cold cottage. And with no one’s help any longer, she had to do all the chores Just like a At the end of the story, Miss Bartlett returned the bungalow. She grown woman. Came to know her folly but It was too late. From my point of view. The story turned out to be a tragedy. I feel strongly sympathetic towards Miss Bartlett.

As we know, he lost her mother early, so the family background can be blamed for her incapacity. In comparison, Miss Restrooms is the only girl in a nine-child family. No wonder she can look after the home very well. Moreover, it is quite pathetic for Miss Bartlett to think that she had been treated as a pet plaything. Actually, the seven years living with MISS Bartlett made MISS Restrooms truly appreciate her talents. In other words, MISS Restrooms Is not only helping her, but also finding some meaning In life, a real active life. Last but not the least, the story reminds me of the relationship between parents and children.

Take Miss Restrooms as an example, we can simply regard her as an epitome of many parents, or many mothers, more specifically. Mothers are often considerate, concerning a lot over their children, providing food and clothes, trying their best to take care of all stuff beforehand. Only they can still care about the children even If the children misunderstand them and go away. Back to the story, isn’t it great for Miss Restrooms to play a role only as a friend of Miss Bartlett but act like her mother? The death of Miss Restrooms must be caused by the heartbreak of loneliness and lack of sense of purpose.

To put it in a nutshell, my understanding of this story can be summarized as a tragedy of improper love. All realization Is too late for both the motherly one and the childlike one. Objectively, parents should love their children In a reasonable way, not by totaling on teen Walt all things prepared. I nee count to teach CNN learn now to level an independent life instead of offering all they want. In the other way round, as a child, he should not take everything for granted. And when he comes to a career, Just learn to deal with it without parents’ help. Besides, never let parents down.

The main purpose of film posters is to attract the targeted audience to watch a particular film. Film posters try to be as intriguing as possible and use many techniques to persuade the audience to go and watch the film. Some of these techniques are using bold colours which stand out from the background, persuasive language such as reviews form critics and pictures of the central characters. A successful film poster will accomplish attracting the target audience and persuade them to come and watch the film. A film which tries to achieve what is mentioned above is ‘Bend It Like Beckham’.

This film concentrates on how a young female who is growing up in a traditional Indian family, struggles to achieve her dreams of becoming a successful footballer due to her parents strict traditional values. This essay will analyse how effectively three posters emphasize different aspects of this film. On the first poster, there is a central image of a woman who has her back turned to the audience and is holding a pair of football boots behind her. The audience may feel a sense of secrecy involving the lady as she is trying to avoid revealing the pair of football boots.

We can assume that the central image has some sort of connection to football but is unable to reveal her interest in it. It appears that she is wearing a pink traditional Indian saree which is very womanly, however, as she is also holding a pair of football boots, this may connote that there is conflict between her tradition and her desire to play football. In the background we are able to see the sky, which represents her ambitions to become a footballer. Also, the sky shows that someone may be able to rise up into the sky, and in the central characters case, to fulfil her ambitions.

The contrast between the boots and the Indian clothing may suggest that she cannot completely break away from her traditional values. The words “Bend It” written on the poster means to literally bend the ball into the goal, however, it may connote that the central character has to ‘Bend’ certain things for her to achieve her ambitions; this is most likely to be her family. Under the film title we can see that there is a review made by a critic ‘A winning comedy’ which is an illusion as in football one team either wins or loses.

Correspondingly, we are able to see the two central characters in the second poster ‘Jesse’ who is played by Parminder Nagra and ‘Joules’ played by Keira Knightly. They appear to be wearing western clothing which shows their interest in football. The mood of the poster is happy and upbeat as we can see both characters holding each other and laughing, this illustrates that their relationship in the film is very close. The way they are standing is sort of an angle which a ball may bend towards.

It is clear that this film has a lot to do with traditional values in a family, and we can see in the background, characters who play the central characters family. They are wearing traditional Indian clothing with the character in the middle wearing a wedding saree which is a contrast between the Indian culture and the western. The family in the background are creating a ‘wall’ which in football is used to stop the ball from entering the goal, in the central characters it has a symbolic value, as her family are trying stop her from playing football as they want her to be more traditional.

The main reason ‘Bend It’ is used in the title of the film is because it connotes that the teenager will try to ‘Bend’ the rules of her tradition in order to achieve what she aspires. Also, in the background we can see that her family seem to be confused by her action and are pleading with her to stop playing football. Another connotation is the green colour used in the font of ‘Bend It’ which represents the green football pitch. Lastly, the reviews of critics are used to attract the targeted audience such as ‘Hilariously funny and fresh’.

Correspondingly, in the third poster there is also a central character ‘Jesse’ who appears to be at the corner of the poster and most of her face is obscured. She is also holding a ball over her head as if she is going to throw the ball. The reason that her face be concealed may be because she is trying to hide something from her parents which may upset them; this gives a sense of secrecy. The football may symbolise her desire to play football.

The audience can surely notice that there is an Indian piece of jewellery on the girl’s forehead which tells that she comes from a traditional background but also the same pattern of the jewellery is printed on the football, this may contrast her desire to play football and her tradition. Similarly to the second poster, there are the central characters family who are all wearing traditional clothing and have a puzzled expression on their faces. They all seem to be in the way of the goal, which may connote that they are trying to stop her from what she wants to do.

Next to the family members is a white teenager who the audience assume to be the girls friend. Oppositely to the family her friend is wearing very sporty western clothing which is a contrast between both cultures. The background colour of the poster is blue which represents the sky; however, it also connotes the central characters ambitions to achieve her dream of becoming a footballer. There is a substantial amount of critical reviews on the poster which adds to its appeal to attract the audience. All three posters have some similarities and differences, some of which may not be visible.

It is obvious that the issue of tradition and culture it represented on each poster and they all try to emphasize it as much as possible. In the first poster we notice that the central character is wearing traditional Indian clothing, similarly, in the second and the third poster we see that the family in the background are all wearing traditional outfits. Both the first and the last poster have a sense of secrecy in them, this is shown as in one poster the girl is turning her back away from the audience and in the last one most of the central characters face is obscured.

However, the second poster is not as secretive as we see both of the main characters holding each other playfully and wearing western clothing. This poster seems to be more open about the central characters ambitions and they are not afraid of hiding it. The title of the film ‘Bend It Like Beckham’ has a very sporty portrayal to the audience, this is also shown in the images used in each poster, such as, the first poster the girl is holding a pair of football boots, in the second poster they are wearing quite sporty clothing and in the last one the girl is holding a football over her head.

Each poster tries to depict a mood to the audience as they want to let them know what kinds of emotions are shown in the film. As it appears, the first poster does not seem to have a very upbeat mood about it and seems to be more tense which may suggest that there may be some conflict in the movie. correspondingly, in the third poster the central character is smiling as she is holding the ball which shows an upbeat mood however as her face is not completely unveiled the audience may suspect that there may be conflict in the film.

Whereas, the second poster is completely different as both main characters appear to be happy and open about their emotions rather than keeping them hidden. A wide variety of people are represented in the posters and the most noticeable would be the central character ‘Jesse’ who appears on every poster. The audience may assume that she is young teenager who has ambitions to do something she enjoys. On the first poster we see her carrying a pair of boots, in the second poster she is playing around with her friend and in the third poster she is holding a ball.

Also, in the second poster the clothes she is wearing may indicate that she prefers to be more western than completely following her tradition. On the other hand, her family in the background are all wearing traditional clothing and want ‘Jesse’ to dedicate herself to their tradition rather than playing football. We see on the third poster that there I a close friend of ‘Jesse’ standing next to her family wearing sporty clothing which may represent a more western culture. As mentioned before the whole purpose of a film poster is to attract a particular audience.

Each poster tries to target a specific group of people. In the first poster the central character is wearing traditional clothing and the mood does not seem to be happy, so I would guess that this poster is targeting a more mature audience like adults rather than teenagers. However, the second poster appears to be doing completely the opposite by using very bright colours and the font is more appealing to a younger audience. Also, the characters ‘Jesse’ and ‘Joules’ are both acting in a childish manner by play fighting which may suggest that it is targeted at young teenagers.

Similarly, the last poster portrays the main character as being more upbeat and happy and the background colours seem to be brighter which may appeal to younger people. On the whole, each poster was successful at accomplishing what they want but I think the last poster is the most encouraging in terms of attracting more people as it uses a range of different colours and the characters, especially the main one, is portrayed as being more accurate at showing the audience what the film is about.

Nell Dunn is a feminist writer and so like many of her kind wrote plays revolving around the livelihoods of women through solitary experiences and as groups. Steaming looks at the relationships of 6 women from different social classes, ages and living in different economic circumstances. However different these 6 women are, they are brought together by the steam baths, a communal place where only females attend. Through this close environment these women are seen gravitating towards each other and communicating openly despite their class distinction and in some cases are brought together by this fascination with the opposing class.

Effectively, the barriers of their class division are being brought down by the formation of female companionships. Josie is one of the poorest characters within the play, initially she is very wary of my character Nancy, who is initially seen as her complete opposite as she derives from the upper class and is the wealthiest of all 6 women. However, towards the end of the act they are seen conversing together about men and money and it turns out that they aren’t as different as their stereotypes assume them to be.

We wanted to take the idea of class barriers and show how each woman, although initially different comes to appreciate these differences to find out how very similar they infact are. The way in which we used staging, set and costume was very important in embedding our ruling idea in the play and using subtle factors within these aspects to present this idea to the audience. * The first way in which we created this was through the design of the set. A simple set of 4 white blocks set in a square formation was used at the central focus to the play and was where the majority of the action occurred.

In doing so we were able to create a sense of togetherness in the enclosed space where conversation was accessible to all and left none of the characters out. This achieved a sense of unity among the group but also an understanding of acceptance among characters as each individual had their own “bed” -as it were- where they could keep their personal belongings and also use the space to rest, where they would not be apart from the rest of the group. Not only this but the colour of the blocks was also significant and symbolic.

White creates a sense of purity and seeing as the baths are a place of cleanliness this seemed justified and would probably be found in conventional bathhouse. However, the meaning behind this choice goes deeper. Not only is the colour meant to symbolise cleanliness of a hygienic environment but it also comes to represent purity that cannot be found in the outside world, a place of troubles and grime. * The second way we achieved this was the use of costume. On entering the baths each individual character is wearing their everyday clothes, a symbol of their individual tastes, wealth and class.

The costume initially gives the audience an impression of these characteristics and can perhaps makes a judgement on them and in most cases stereotype them for example Mrs Meadows and Dawn are first seen holding cheap plastic carrier bags, slippers and quite tattered looking clothes and myself as Nancy appear in patent black shoes and pearls. These outfits were purposefully chosen due to our group interpretation but also to create this stereotype so as to enable us to enhance our reasoning behind the bathrobes. The bathrobes, like the blocks, are also white, another symbol of purity and also conventional steam room wear.

Like the blocks they were used to enable each character to come from the outside world, full of problems and troubles and shed themselves of the clothes their class and wealth restrict them to. Having done so, stereotypes that society creates of them are destroyed and suddenly they all become equal despite these factors. We used the colour white for the beds and the robes in an ironic way as in actual fact, a part of what this colour is meant to represent- purity and cleanliness is far from what these women’s lives actually entail.

Each women is subject to cases of either domestic violence, mental disorder or divorce, all which would have been shocking to be talked about so openly on stage. * A small factor is the play but also a very significant one, which added to our ruling idea, was the use of the character Bill Bradley. Nell Dunn purposefully wrote this play without a man in it and so the character of Bill is heard shouting from somewhere in the distance, responding to Violets hassles about the corroded pipes!

We used this to our advantage and made a point of really shouting at him as if he were a complete nuisance not particularly because of the pipes but because he was a man and this slotted in with the fact that each and every woman at the baths has her grievances about men. From the way Dunn wrote this play it is evident that this was his purpose, to be completely set apart from this group of women who are slowly coming closer and closer to one another.

History Of Fashion In The Twenties How the women and fashion changed? In sass fashion history, the initial break with the traditional styles stemmed from the inspiration drawn from the Aesthetic and Rational Dress Reform Movements of the late 19th century. Exciting theatrical costume designs which broke the rules also paved the way for more relaxed dressing. This was all fast forwarded during the war years and led to the major changes in construction of clothes and undergarments for the remainder of the century. Prohibition, the proliferation of Jazz, and the development of mass media were the hallmarks of the sass.

Youth was at a premium because so many young people were killed during the war. As a result, teenagers had a new freedom that they used to usher in the Afro-influenced Jazz age. Clara Bow, Louise Brooks, Rudolf Valentine, and Josephine Baker were popular stars of the time, personifying many of the modern ideals. For women, face, figure, coiffure, posture and grooming became important fashion factors in addition to clothing. In particular, cosmetics became a major industry. Glamour was now an important fashion trend, due to the influence of the motion picture industry and the famous female movie stars.

The sass saw the emergence of three major women’s fashion magazines: Vogue, The Queen, and Harpers Bazaar. Vogue was first published in 1892, but its up-to-date fashion information did not have a marked impact on women’s desires for fashionable garments until the ass’s. These magazines provided mass exposure for popular styles and fashions. During the early sass, waistlines were at the waist, but were loose and not fitted. Women wore suits with long hemlines and somewhat full skirts, often with belts at the waist of the Jackets.

Dress and suit bodices alike were worn loose, even baggy. By 923, waistlines began to drop to a point between the natural waist and hips, while styles continued to be loose and baggy. In 1924 the waistline dropped to the hip. In 1925, “shift” type dresses with no waistline emerged. At the end of the decade, dresses were being worn with straight bodices and collars. Tucks at the bottom of the bodices were popular, as well as knife-pleated skirts with a hem approximately one inch below the knee. In 1928, styles changed again! Hemlines rose to the knee and dresses became more fitted.

These changes laid the foundation for the elegantly styled fashions of the sass. Many garments of the sass fastened with buttons. The closer-fitting flapper- style dresses fastened with a continuous lap, usually applied to the left side seam of the garment. Hooks and eyes, buttons, or snaps were all utilized to fasten the lap. The zipper, first patented in 1893, was not utilized in garments until the latter part of the decade. It was originally known as a “locker”, and did not receive its current name until 1926. It was not widely used until the late sass.

Cotton and wool were the abundant fabrics of the decade. Silk was highly desired for its luxurious qualities, but the limited supply made it expensive. In 1891, “artificial silk” was first made from a solution of cellulose in France. After being patented in the United States, the first American plant began production of this new fabric in 1910. In 1924 this fiber became known as rayon. Rayon stockings became popular in the sass as a substitute for silk stockings. Rayon was also used in undergarments. Women, celebrating such liberties as the right to vote in , were now more daring than ever before.

It was considered fun to smoke, visit speakeasies, wear makeup, swear, and otherwise shock conventional thinkers. In 1927 when short skirts were all the age; young women strove to show off their knees with increasing abandon. Many girls even rolled down their stockings and painted rouge on their knees in an effort to emulate a “naughty schoolgirl” look. The foot also became a focal point of fashion. Shoe styles were influenced by crazes like the Charleston, a dance that demented a securely fastened shoe with a low heel and closed toe.

A single-bar pump with a pointed toe, high-wasted heel, and one tiny covered button was the most common style. High tongued, cutaway decorated, crossover, and t-straps were other popular elements. The curiosity for exotic arts and culture was fueled by the discovery of Egyptian King Tutankhamen tomb in 1922. Egyptian themes appeared in everything from furniture to clothing. Shoes also reflected this theme. Bright fabrics and brilliantly dyed leather – including metallic – were used to create some of the most exciting shoes ever seen.

The heels were often works of art themselves. The late sass saw the adoption of two-toned spectators for men, perfect with the popular knickers. In the ass, men were still in a conservative mood. The wide trousers were still worn, sometimes as wide as 24 inches at the bottom! The knickers and ‘plus fours’ were popular with sporty types, and were buckled 4″ below the knee (hence the name ‘plus fours’). Light colors were favored in summer, but darker and animal fur was favored when the weather got cold.

By now all the college boys were wearing the popular raccoon coat, and some of the women were too. The following are the events that affected fashion in sass and even today: Channel’s pioneering Jersey sweater and pleated skirt. Ensembles are now accepted as easy wear. Debutante Daisy Fellows challenges convention wearing black when presented to the Queen at Bucking Palace instead of the traditional white. Ђ Dress Essentials magazine features scarves among accessories; color coordination becomes a conscious feature of the average woman’s wardrobe. Ђ The Prince of Wales now orders all his trousers to be made with cuffs, and (unlike his father) wears suits in town. East European folk embroideries inspire the peasant look in women’s Soviet Atelier of Fashion is formed. Wear. Bobbed hair becomes the rage. Tunisia takes off with “Tutankhamen” overzealous, Egyptian colors, scarab and lotus Jewelry, etc. The Textile Color Card Association of the United States is formed, n attempt to establish a standard system of colors identified by numbers. First feature on the “little black dress”. Ђ “Oxford bags” are worn by young graduates. The hemline is the shortest in history. US production of rayon viscose reaches 53 million pounds for the year. Vogue’s More masculine elements enter female dress. The severely short “Eaton crop” haircut ousts bobbed hair. Jeanne Lanolin opens first boutique for men. Patent leather shoes are new. Nancy Canard, wearing African bangles to the elbows, is photographed by Man Ray. The press declares “fever chart” hemlines. Hat brims return to fashion. The first of Schizophrenia’s tromped Leila sweaters are a resounding success. Ђ Men’s Dress Reform Party is founded in Britain. A new femininity: hemlines are now longer for drawer, as well as evening. In Conclusion, Fashion was made available to a broader sector of the public as a result of modern retail policies and the idea that consumerism meant emancipation. Lighter garments of simpler cut and the electrification of the factories also made mass production possible. In many ways, the twenties established the themes and marketing policies that would be developed in the post-World War II period and that are so familiar to us today.

Diploma in Fashion Design Principles of Fashion Unit 2 unit 2 On successful completion of this unit the learner will be able to: Explain how the elements of fashion appeal influence the purchaser Describe the classification of clothing according to their use and types Explain factors which affect the decision to buy in fashion Describe the process of the product development in fashion industry Explain the main areas of fashion wear production including an understanding of the key terms, concepts, facts and principles, rules and theories of the field, discipline or practice.

Fashion Design One of the most important factors which differentiate humans from other animals is their use of clothing. It is used not simply to provide a micro-climate for the wearer’s body, but also to conceal the body and reveal its wearer’s status and personality to others. To satisfy this concealing and revealing process diverse kinds of clothing are used. One of the most mysterious aspects of clothing is fashion. Clothing expresses status; social class is apparent in the boss’s business suit and the worker’s Shares at work, although this difference may disappear at the weekend.

Clothing changes when the wearer leaves the cradle, enters primary school, secondary school or university, on starting work, on getting married, on gaining promotion. Even death has a special wardrobe, both for the dead and the mourners. Clothing establishes a person’s identity; reflects the wearer’s goals and moral principles; communicates self-assurance or the lack of it; and conveys the activity a person is about to engage in. Clothing may also be used as costume, to represent something a person is not; and as a uniform to denote a person’s membership of a defined group.

Fashion in the narrow sense of the world meaner the changing form of clothing. These originate from peoples need to be adorned and admired but also allow the opportunity to enhance personal style or indicate a position in society. Fashion is not the only consideration in developing a garment for a market. The overall appearance (style) as well as the utility value (fitness for purpose, aftercare). Creating or styling the appearance of a person with reference to clothing, accessories and beauty in corresponding with the personality of any individual is fashion designing. Fashion Design Terms

A fashion designer conceives garment combinations of line, proportion, color, and texture. He or she may or may not know how to sew or make patterns. Formal training is always essential, yet most fashion designers are formally trained (apprenticed) and schooled. A pattern maker drafts the shapes and sizes of a garment’s pieces with paper and measuring tools, and, sometimes, an Autocrat computer software programmer, or by draping muslin on a dress form, the original way. The resulting pattern pieces must compose the intended design of the garment and they must fit the intended wearer.

Formal training is essential for working as a pattern marker. A tailor makes custom designed garments made to the client’s measure; suits (coat and trousers, Jacket and skirt, etc). A textile designer designs fabric weaves and prints for clothes and furnishings. Most textile designers are formally trained as apprentices and in school. A stylist is the person who co-ordinates the clothes, Jewelry, and accessories used in fashion photography and catwalk presentations of clothes collections. A stylist also is a designer whose designs are based upon extant things, trends, and the collections of other designers.

A buyer orders stocks of clothes for shops, chain stores, and other types of stores. Most fashion buyers are trained in business studies. A teacher of fashion design teaches the art and craft of fashion in art schools and in fashion design school. A custom clothier makes custom- made garments to order, for a given customer. A dressmaker specializes in custom- made women’s clothes: day, cocktail, and evening dresses, business clothes and suits, trousseau, sports clothes, and lingerie. An illustrator draws and paints clothes for commercial use.

A model wears and displays clothes at fashion shows and in photographs. A fashion journalist writes fashion articles describing the garments presented, for magazines or newspapers. An alterations specialist (alterations) adjusts the fit of completed garments, usually ready-tower, and sometimes re-styles them. NOTE: despite tailors altering garments to fit the client, not all alterations are tailors. A wardrobe consultant or fashion advisor recommends styles and colors that are flattering to the client. A photographer photographs the clothes on fashion models for use in magazines, newspapers, or adverts.

Fashion Flow Chart Classification of Fashion The duration of fashion’s importance is a critical fashion designers or manufactures concern. A fashion can be brief or of long duration. Once having identified this characteristic, a designer is in a position to assess a fashions importance to the retail inventory. Fashion is classified into many types, such as: Style Basic or classic Fad Fashion Forecasting Trends a) Style Style is always constant. It does not change whereas fashion changes. It is the modification of fashion. Style is the basic outline of any garment.

When we use a different neckline and different sleeves with some trimming here and there over a Asia garment then the basic garment is modified into a different look or a different outfit, this modification ferment will become fashion, when it is accepted by people. The term style is a popular word in fashion and refers to a sub-division within fashion. By definition, it is that which has certain characteristics that distinguish it from other designs. For example, the fashion could be pleated skirt, yet the style is box pleat. It is a common fallacy to believe that the famous designers create fashions.

They create styles which they hope will be accepted. When and if there is consumer support the style then becomes fashion. It is repetitious but important to stress that fashion is synonymous with acceptance. B) Basic or Classics When a fashion is constant or long lasting, such as, T shirt and skirt, it is called Basic or Classic. It is similar to a standard music. The T shirt and skirt are part of fashion scene. A customer has one or more in her wardrobe, to be worn to suit different occasions. In certain times, the basic becomes the most important profitable fashion, but, in or out, they remain as a part of the fashion scene.

There are many outfits that fall into this classification, such as, shirt and trousers, plain or pleated skirts and denims, etc. There are general fashions that lasts for years, such as, the skirt, the single breasted men’s suit Basics or Classics are the outfits which stays in the fashion scene for a long period of time that is from past to present and even in future it stands When we watch old movies as well as the new movies which are released Just, we can see the skirts, or denims worn in it may be with a slight change or modification accordingly. ) Fad A Fad is something which can either make a designer’s life more interesting or tenser. Very often something appears on the fashion scene that captures the imagination, only to fizzle out in short duration. Overall, Fad can be defined as short lived fashion, lasting for a very little time or period, acceptable by only a certain group of people for example, hippies – their clothing, accessories, hairstyles, etc. As Fad is short lived fashion, it stays for a very short period, because they are very costly and every one cannot afford to buy it. D) Fashion Forecasting is a global career that focuses on upcoming trends.

A fashion forecaster predicts the colors, fabrics and styles that will be presented on the runway and in the stores for the upcoming seasons. The concept applies to not one, but all levels of the fashion industry including haute couture, ready-to-wear, mass market, and street wear. Trend forecasting is an overall process that focuses on other industries such as automobiles, medicine, food and beverages, literature, and home furnishings. Fashion forecasters are responsible for attracting consumers and helping retail business’s and designers sell their brands.

Today, fashion industry workers rely on the Internet to retrieve information on new looks, hot colors, celebrity wardrobes, and designer collections. Fashion Forecasting is done through any communicating media, such as, cinema, fashion shows, press, magazines, newspapers and window display. It includes: Market research Consumer research Surveys Consumer focus groups In-store informal interviews Shopping Sales Records Evaluating the collections Fashion Trends Trend for Target Markets e) Trends Fashion trends are the styling ideas that major collections have in common.

They indicate the direction in which fashion is moving. Fashion forecasters look for the styles they think are prophetic, ideas that capture the mood of the times and signal a new fashion trend. Several designers may use a similar fashion idea because they eve been inspired by common sources. The trend may appear in a fabrication, a silhouette, or another design element that appears in several collections. Very often, a new trend appears in small doses until it spreads to other collections. As the press notices similarities between collections and highlights them, the media exposure also helps establish the trends.

Evaluating the collections becomes one way a designer, working for a mainstream manufacturer, can research fashion direction. As designers are not invited to the shows, they must evaluate by shopping in major fashion vitals or u s I n g design services, magazines, and newspapers. For retail buyers, it is becoming a huge challenge to figure out which trends will become fashion basics, like Capri’s, and which are only fads, such as pony prints. Buyers have to become very flexible in their buying patterns and cautious about inventory management.

If the market becomes flooded with a new trend, consumers may react negatively to the overexposure. Empowered by the Internet and television, global trends are moving at an accelerating pace. The life-p of a trend is now about five months instead of a year. For the Junior market, the p is only three months. Chic Chic is a French word, established in English since at least the sass, that has come to mean smart or stylish. Over the years “chic” has been applied to, among other things, social events, situations, individuals, and modes or styles of dress.

Recurring generic terms included designer chic (associated with the styles of particular couturiers – the sass became known as the “designer decade”) and retro-chic (adopting elements of fashion from the past: e. G. “Victorian chic”, “sixties chic”, “Georgian chic”, “sass Riviera chic” Collection Each season, the design and merchandising departments of each division are expansible for creating a new line, the seasonal collection that the manufacturer will sell to retail store buyers. The terms are synonymous: the term ‘collection’ is used primarily in Europe and for high-period apparel in the United States. Line’ is used more often in the United States for moderately and popularly priced fashion. Fashion shows Fashion shows are special events that communicate a fashion story. The selection and organization of the fashions and model bookings may be done by the fashion office, whereas invitations and other arrangements may be handled by the special events department. There are four possible ways to organize these presentations: formal shows, department shows, designer trunk shows, or informal modeling. ) Formal Fashion Shows Formal fashion shows take a great deal of advance planning involving booking models and fittings and arranging for a runway, scenery, lighting, microphones, music, seating, and assistants. Clothes are generally grouped according to styling, color, or other visual criteria. Models and music are selected to complement the clothes and set a mood. B) Designer Trunk Shows Designer trunk shows are done in cooperation with a single vendor and are a popular ay to sell expensive collections.

Invitations are sent to the best customers according to records kept by sales associates. The designer or a representative travels from store to store with the collection, which is usually shown on models in the designer collections department. Customers get to see the entire collection unedited by a buyer and may order from the samples in their size. Although some designers and retailers do 50 percent of their total business through trunk shows, others find them time-consuming, exhausting work, and have given them up. C) Department Fashion Shows

Department fashion shows, on a much smaller scale, are produced in store to generate immediate sales. Usually, a platform is set up directly in the department that carries the clothes. D) Informal Fashion Shows Informal fashion shows are the easiest to produce. A few models walk through the store showing the fashions that they are wearing to customers who are shopping or having lunch in the store’s restaurant. The models can take their time, and customers enjoy asking them questions. This is often done in conjunction with a trunk show or special promotion. Criteria Consumers Use in Fashion Selection

To determine the acceptability of fashion, both manufacturers and consumers should consider the criteria used for its selection. Elements of fashion appeal draw the consumer’s attention to a fashion. There are also practical considerations, including quality and price that the consumer usually evaluates before making a purchase. Elements of Fashion Appeal The elements of fashion appeal are basically the same as the elements of design, but here they are viewed by the purchaser rather than the creator: a) Color Usually the first aspect of a garment or accessory to which consumers respond is, color.

People relate very personally to color, usually selecting or rejecting a fashion because the color does or does not appeal to them or flatter their own coloring. Texture: The surface interest in the fabric of a garment or accessory is called texture. Consumers relate to texture because of its sensuous appeal. B) Style The elements that define a style include line, silhouette, and details. A garment’s appearance is also affected by hanger appeal. Depending on the consumers’ level of fashion consciousness, their Judgment will be conditioned by their opinion of what is currently fashionable.

Practical Considerations a) Price Price is probably the most important practical consideration for the average consumer. The consumer evaluates the total worth of all the fashion appeal aspects of the garment or accessory and their relationship to its retail price. B) Fit The try-on is a crucial step in the consumer’s selection of a garment because sizing is not a guarantee of fit. The Department of Commerce has tried to set sizing standards, but each company tends to vary somewhat. Each company tries its sample garments on models that are typical of the company’s customers.

However, it is difficult to set size ranges and grading rules to fit every figure. The fitting room try-on further enables the customer to Judge if fashion-appeal elements are suitable to his or her figure type or general appearance. C) Appropriateness It is important that a fashion item be suitable or acceptable for a specific occasion or for the needs of the consumer’s life-style. For example, life in a large city requires more formality in clothing than life in the country. Impulse shoppers do not consider appropriateness and therefore purchase any items that do not fit into their wardrobe. ) Brand Brands are a manufacturer’s meaner of product identification. Some consumers buy n the basis of a particular brand’s reputation, often as result of heavy advertising. Consumer Demand a) Fabric Performance and Care The durability of a garment or accessory and the ease or difficulty of caring for it, are often factors in selection. Most consumers prefer easy-care, wash-and-wear fabrics, although designer and contemporary customers may not mind paying for dry- cleaning the more delicate fabrics they prefer. Easy care and durability are of special concern in children’s wear and work clothes.

Government regulations now require fiber-content and care-instruction labels to be sewn into apparel. B) Workmanship This term refers to the quality of construction, stitching, and finishing. Quality standards have fallen as labor costs rise and managements favor more profitable balance sheets. Unfortunately, many consumers cannot and do not bother to evaluate workmanship. The generation born and raised since World War II has not been exposed to fine workmanship and therefore does not demand it. The Junior customer cares little about quality; she is likely to throw away a garment before it wears out.

The designer, contemporary, or missy customer, on the other hand, generally considers clothing an investment and may not mind spending more for the assisting qualities of fine detailing and workmanship. Meeting Consumer Demand To meet consumer demand and changes in consumer life-styles, manufacturers and retailers have developed various size and price ranges as well as categories for styling and clothing a) Size Ranges Each size range caters to a different figure type. The Junior customer, sizes 3 to 15, has a less developed figure and a shorter back-waist length (a higher waistline) than the missy figure.

The missy figure, sizes 6 to 16 (or 4 to 14, or 8 to 18), is fully developed. In missy separates, some blouses and sweaters are sized 30 to 36 (8 to 14), or small, medium, ND large. Sizing 30 to 36 was originally inches, but sizes have grown over the years. Petite sizes come in both Junior and missy. Junior petite is meant for shorter Junior figures; petite sizes in missy (2 and up) are for smaller proportioned missy figures. Large or women’s sizes, used for sportswear, are 36 to 52 for uppers Jackets and shirts) and 30 to 40 for lowers (pants and skirts). There is a current void of half-size sportswear. ) It is difficult to compare sizes from country to country. Particularly in France, the sizing is not always standard. Men’s suits range in size from 36 to 44 (with additional rage sizes to 50), based on chest measurements. Lengths are designated after the size number: R for regular, S for short, and L for long. European sizes are 46 to 54 Oust add 10 to each American size). Young men’s sizes, equivalent to Junior sizes for women, have a narrower fit in the Jacket and hip and a shorter rise in the trouser than regular men’s sizes.

Dress shirts are sized by collar measurement (inches in America and centimeters in Europe) and sleeve length. Sport shirts are sized in small, medium, and large. Trousers are sized by waist and inseam measurements. Children’s wear is sized by age group. Infant sizes are based on age in months, usually 3, 6, 9, 12, and 18. However, since development varies so much from child to child, many manufacturers are now also identifying weight ranges on their labels. B) Price Ranges A garment should give good value for its price. There are many price ranges, each with a different level of customer expectations.

As the price goes up, the customer expects higher quality in fashion, fabric, fit, and finish. Designer garments are becoming so expensive that the group of people who can afford them is shrinking. Therefore, many designers are adding less expensive lines. On the other hand, many retail stores are trading up. That is, stores with low-end (inexpensive) merchandise are now trying to give themselves a fashionable image. Each garment manufacturer generally specializes in one price range. The designer and merchandiser must consider the cost of every fabric trim or construction detail that goes into a garment.

Costs must fit into a specific price range. In turn, each retail store has various departments, from budget to designer, again classified by price range. C) Style Ranges Both women’s dresses and women’s sportswear currently come in style ranges as well as size ranges. Some of the terms overlap because style ranges grew out of age groups. However, many women today cross the boundaries, dressing to fit their figure and personality rather than their age needs. Designer: Formerly, couture would have been the classification for better, more expensive fashion.

The decline in the couture business, however, gave rise to the general classification of designer clothes. Today even some of the designer ready to- wear is as expensive as couture used to be. Missy: These are more conservative adaptations of proven or accepted designer looks; they utilize less expensive fabrics and less extreme silhouettes. Contemporary or updated: This is a sophisticated approach to styling based on the directions set by French, Italian, English, Japanese, and American ready-to-wear. Designers of expensive clothes are also marketing less expensive lines for contemporary departments.

Designer and contemporary styling has carried over to men’s wear, although designer clothes for men tend to be more classic than those for women. Sportswear or related separates for men have followed almost the same trends as women’s sportswear in the last ten years, especially since many designers are doing both. Small children’s styling is the only styling not aimed at the consumer who will wear the garment. The consumer in this case is a parent, grandparent, or other adult. Children’s clothes of the past tended to be fussy, but now they are more functional.

Older children today have more definite opinions on what they want to wear, partly because of advertising and television exposure and peer-group pressures. This development has had an effect on styling. Areas of Fashion Design Many professional fashion designers start off by specializing in a particular area of fashion. The smaller and the more specific the market, the more likely a company is o get the right look and feel to their clothes. It is also easier to establish oneself in the fashion industry if a company is known for one type of product, rather than several products.

Once a fashion company becomes established (that is, has regular buyers and is well-known by both the trade and the public), it may decide to expand into a new area. It is usually safest for a company to expand into an area similar to the one it already knows. For example, a designer of women’s sportswear might expand into men’s sportswear. A) Women’s Wear Women’s clothes have many classifications: lingerie, dresses, evening clothes, suits, outerwear, and sportswear. There are also specialty categories, such as bridal gowns and maternity clothes.

In addition, there is a huge array of accessories within the general categories of wraps, head coverings, handbags, and footwear. B) Lingerie Lingerie includes undergarments, sleepwear, and lounger. Interest in designing lingerie is increasing because women again desire pretty things and will spend the money to have them. C) Dresses Dresses range from the very tailored with crisp lines for wearing on the Job, to the very softest with gathers and ruffles for dressy occasions. D) Evening clothes Evening clothes run the gamut from party pajamas through long and short cocktail dresses to opulent gowns. ) Suits are Jackets and skirts Suits are Jackets and skirts (or pants) sold together as units. Suits also range from the soft “dressmaker” suit to the strictly tailored. F) Outerwear Outerwear has primarily a protective function: it covers us and keeps us warm or dry. Outerwear includes coats, capes, and heavy Jackets. Its warmth may come from traditional wool or quilting; rainwater receives a water-repellent treatment. G) Sportswear Sportswear is the category that has grown the most over the years, as leisure time ND discretionary income have increased.

Sportswear can be classified as active or spectator. H) Spectator Spectator sportswear was intended for watching sports events, although the term now includes sportswear worn for day-to-day activities. I) Active sportswear Active sportswear is created for movement and worn for participation in sports. Sportswear lines are organized in two different ways: in separates such as skirts, pants, blouses, shirts, sweaters, and tops; or as coordinate sportswear, pieces intended to be mixed and matched but priced separately. J) Men’s Wear

Men’s Wear: There are now almost as many categories available to men as to women. Stores use elaborate promotions to lure their increasingly fashion-wise male customers. K) Tailored clothing Tailored clothing for men includes suits, overcoats, topcoats, sport coats, and separate trousers for both day and evening wear. L) Furnishings include shirts, necklace, sweaters, tops, underwear, socks, robes, and pajamas m) Sportswear is made up of related separates that fill the demand for more leisure and casual wear. N) Active sportswear includes windbreakers, ski Jackets, Jogging suits, tennis shorts, and the like.