Disease

As natives of America we are qualified for our social liberties. They comprise of our straightforward wants for living a happy and secure presence. Creatures yet are not qualified for any rights to guarantee them wellbeing, appropriately wellbeing, and right staying conditions. Creature looking at labs torment and kill innocuous creatures step by step. The research facilities fragrance of synthetic mixes and blanch, and the pens are filthy, and never again legitimately put away. The horrible scents fill their noses and they’re compelled to stroll in their own pee and dung. these creatures are required to experience in these circumstances consistently, this isn’t accommodating, and it’s far a moderate agonizing demise. keeping a honest creature contrary to their will and tormenting them with perilous materials is creature pitilessness and should be illicit: there are green elective ways to deal with creature testing.

Creature testing is known as the utilization of creatures in analyses and improvement tasks to decide poisonous quality, measurements, and adequacy of test sedates before continuing to human clinical preliminaries. Creature testing is sucha dubious point since it includes utilizing a living life form to test distinctive medications and synthetics and can conceivably have a lethal result. The measure of pressure put onto the creature all through the testing is undesirable and excruciating for the creature. It is much the same as a creature being mercilessly beaten by their proprietor; lamentably the medications and other terrible substances constrained onto the creature have long haul impacts and influence the creature to endure it to see the consequences of the test. This is so coldhearted and off-base. Creatures ought not need to endure this unbelievable torment.

There are distinctive explanations behind creature testing, the primary ones being for restorative purposes, for example, cosmetics brands and plastic medical procedure strategies like Botox. Researchers utilize the creatures to inquire about various medications and synthetic concoctions and basically are searching for unusual responses from them. Being a female l buy diverse corrective items that I use on an everyday premise. Beauty care products are articles proposed to be connected to the human body for purging, decorating, advancing allure, or changing the appearance without influencing the body’s structure or capacities. Probably the most normally realized brands test their items on creatures. Organizations like Johnson and Johnson, Avon, Kleenex, Vaseline, Dove, Giorgio Armani, Maybelline, and incalculable more organizations their items on creatures. Researchers direct skin bothering tests that rub synthetic concoctions onto shaved skin or drop the synthetic compounds at rabbit with no torment prescription.

They are trying items with the synthetics that could conceivably cause the 2 disturbance, for example, cosmetics remover, eye shadow, mascara, and things connected to the eye or eyelid. This test is clearly insensitive and excruciating for the rabbits, yet there are options in contrast to this test are others conscious and should be possible instead of it. Rather than putting the synthetic compounds onto the rabbits, producers can drop the synthetic substances onto gave human corneas (Cosmetics and Household). Ladies wear cosmetics and buy items that are connected consistently to the face and eyes. With those items I am believing that they will upgrade my physical highlights decidedly, however I would not need those items to be tried in such a coldblooded and painful way.

Ailments are another explanation behind testing on creatures. Malignant growth, Down disorder, heart issues, diabetes, and others are a portion of the fundamental infections researchers are attempting to discover solutions for. The opposite side to creature testing can possibly spare lives by discovering remedies for these perilous ailments. This is the reason a few sections of creature testing are so crucial to our wellbeing frameworks and patients. Numerous colleges utilize creatures to test in various sorts of preparing programs. At the University of Michigan nursing understudies utilized a feline to work on putting a cylinder into its windpipe. The objective of the methodology was for medical attendants chipping away at survival flights to have the capacity to play out the system to patients in basic condition. The feline was later received into a family and was not hurt by any means. In spite of the fact that this specific technique appears to be innocuous to the feline and sounds effortless crusades kept on challenging utilizing live creatures and PETA kept on squeezing the subject.

They needed them to supplant utilizing live creatures with test systems which for all intents and purposes does likewise . Tests like this that are done appear to be so minuet contrasted with others that are utilized for discovering fixes. Creature testing for humarn wellbeing has been said to be perilous, temperamental, and costly. Despite what might be expected there have been situations where creature testing for therapeutic reasons has in reality discovered immunizations and fixes. From 1940 to 1960 polio was a standout amongst the most mainstream and understood illnesses.

Because of the examination led on creatures polio has been dispensed with as an outstanding infection on account of an immunization that nearly everybody has gotten (Use of Animals). Today kids get a lifetime immunization for polio and are additionally vaccinated against typhus, challenging hack, and lockjaw. I can see where the debate comes in. I certainly think discovering remedies for every one of these maladies are something that should be done, and yet creatures ought to have rights to their bodies.

Creatures that are constrained into these offices to be tried on originate from every single distinctive piece of the world. Extraordinarily reproduced rodents and mice are the warm blooded animal in most therapeutic research (‘What Types of Animals. Different well evolved creatures ordinarily found in research are guinea pigs, rabbits, hamsters, and homestead creatures, for example, pigs and sheep (What Types of Animals”). At times it has been reputed that a portion of the creatures are exceptionally reared for specific kinds of testing. This has brought up a considerable measure of issues with respect to how precise the tests really are. Diverse creatures are utilized for specific tests. In past investigations it was demonstrated that specific creatures respond contrastingly to similar tests.

This is the reason such huge numbers of various breeds and sorts of creatures are influenced by this; it includes such a large number of various supplies and hardware which thusly can turn out to be expensive. Creature testing has been known to be an exorbitant and an unscrupulous method for finding precise fixes. A few tests can take months or even a long time to direct and examine. This can bring about burning through many thousands, here and there even a great many dollars on one test (“Costs of Animal”). The wastefulness and over the top expenses related with creature testing makes it unimaginable for controllers to sufficiently assess the potential impacts of in excess of 100,000 synthetic substances around the world (“Costs of Animal”).The measure of time expected to lead one straightforward test is excessively extraordinary. The creature is languishing over months to years, for one outcome that isn’t ensured. The measure of cash spent on one test isn’t justified, despite any potential benefits, when the outcomes are not constantly exact

Elective testing can spare numerous creature lives; they additionally are more affordable and set aside less opportunity to finish. The non-creature strategies are progressively successful and above all, increasingly moral. Organizations should utilize modern PC innovation for testing and medication improvement. Innovation has turned into the most imperative thing in the public eye; it gives researchers the instruments to expand human abilities, so for what reason are organizations declining to utilize the innovation that is exhibited in the public eye? These business rehearses on tormenting creatures are against business morals.

Populace contemplates have indicated what number of irresistible ailments are caused and furthermore what number of can be anticipated. Truth be told, the National Insitutes of Health revealed that in excess of 80 HIV/AIDS antibodies that have passed creature testing have flopped in clinical preliminaries (“Alternatives: Testing without Torture”). Non-creature tests are another incredible option. Non-creature tests incorporate an embryonic undifferentiated organism test, 3T3 impartial red take-up photograph poisonous quality tests and human skin extra from surgeries (‘Alternatives: Testing without Torture”). There are such a large number of options in contrast to creature testing that ought to be used as opposed to utilizing live creatures.

Then again creature testing has added to finding a wide range of fixes and medications for various ailments. All things considered in case you’re adored one has an infection and the best way to locate a compelling fix is to test it on a creature, at that point you would need it done. Critical assumes an enormous job in why such a significant number of individuals bolster creature testing. Creatures are the best thing to test on in light of the fact that they share indistinguishable qualities from people. Chimpanzees share 99 % of their DNA with people , and mice are 98 % hereditarily like people (Animal Testing-ProCon). Offering DNA to a creature has such a significant number of constructive outcomes; the likeliness of finding a fix from testing on one of these creatures could spare such a large number of lives. Laws have managed creature testing to keep the savage and unbearable acts from occurring (Animal Testing-ProCon).

There are numerous positive sides to creature testing that could conceivably profit our wellbeing frameworks and patients. Creature Cruelty is unlawful in many states in the U.S. How is tormenting creatures, jabbing them with needles, rubbing hurtful synthetic concoctions onto their bodies and at them legitimate? It is characterized as a similar thing. Holding a blameless creature without wanting to and tormenting them with hurtful substances is creature brutality and ought to be illicit. There are sure options in contrast to discovering fixes and medicines.

In spite of the fact that there are a few positives, the measure of cash, time, and creature remorselessness isn’t justified, despite any potential benefits, considering the outcomes are not constantly precise. The measures of pressure they are placed through in these labs are sufficient to execute them without the medications. The misery and torment of these guiltless creatures are not worth ensuring our mascara doesn’t make our eyes puffy, or how high of a measurements is protected without overdosing. Finding the options could make a huge difference. All through this exploration I have discovered that creature testing is a pitiless and savage act

In the paper by Spires et al. they state that in transgenic mice, mutations in presenilin 1 (PS1) gene would lead to a high accumulation of AB1-42 peptide, however mals did not have the plaque formations or any characteristic neuronal behaviors. In another paper by Schaeffer et al. they state that senile plaques are mainly derived from the AB peptide, which are themselves derived from the APP protein precursor. In APP mutants, there is an overexpression of the APP human transgene, where the specimen developed some senile plaques that were mainly from the accumulation of AB1-42, as well as neuronal loss and severe neuronal behavior changes? In the doubly transgenic APP/PS1 mice, it was said that there were a large accumulation of the AB protein that promoted the development of senile plaques, especially in the cerebral cortex and the hippocampus.

From these findings, it can be hypothesized that from the slides, slide C (containing no plaques) could be classified as the PS1-Tg mutant due to its lack of senile plaques. For slide B, since it had a relatively small amount (proven to be statistically significant) of plaques seen compared to slide D, we could classify as being the APP-Tg mutant. Finally, slide D, which contained a statistically significant amount of plaques in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex, could be matched with the literature and said to be the doubly transgenic PS1XAPP-Tg mutant, due to its large accumulation and location of senile plaques. In these mice, they would expected to have a great loss of memory as well as attention and awareness, due to the main parts of the brain (hippocampus and cerebral cortex) being the major areas of plaque formation.

The use of transgenes mainly affects the pathway APP is processed, where instead of following the neurotropic alpha-secretase pathway of processing, more of it is directed towards the neurotoxic beta-secretase pathway, where gene products such as AB1-42 are made, resulting in the accumulation of senile plaques. There were no pyknotic nuclei (damaged nuclei of cell undergoing apoptosis) observed in the samples, which could explain a factor that perhaps human transgenes are not 100% effective in another host organism.

Another mouse model used widely in Alzheimer’s research is the Tg2576 mutant mice, which also has an overexpression of a human APP transgene?. In this mouse model, there was an extremely early onset of AB1-40 and AB1-42 accumulation, which gave plaques that resembled closely to that seen in Alzheimer’s disease?. Signs of behavior atrophy were also seen very early, where mostly were due to neuronal loss in the hippocampus and spine density?. Unlike with the CRND8 APP-Tg model, there are much greater of familiar Alzheimer’s, as well as a much slower accumulation of plaque (18 months with Tg2576 vs. 3 months with CRND8)”. The timing and duration of the plaque formation, as well as the onset of behavior effects of the Tg2576 transgenic mutant follows the human Alzheimer’s disease much more closely, which is why it is a better model and also why it has been used more widely than the CRND8 APP-Tg mutant?.

Using a transgenic mouse model and yield a lot of errors, such as the difficulty to replicate an experiment in a transgenic mouse”. Since each mice mutant is genetically different, expressing a human transgene in to a mouse would perhaps yield different results each time, or have different phenotype effects that would not be expected. In addition, human genetics and mouse genetics might yield homologues, however the overall system and genetic components are different and by using a mouse model, we can perhaps understand and characterize the disease better, however to actually find a cure or model it in humans could be a lot more complicated than in mice. The genetics of the mice, as well as the environment used to conduct the experiment would also have a major effect on the results of using transgenic mice for neurodegenerative diseases, which is something that needs to be carefully controlled“.

Among the psychological factors that impact health, personality – that is table individual differences in thinking, feeling and behaving- plays a pivotal role. For example, an individual high in a sense of coherence (SOC), therefore perceive less stress and see the world as more manageable, resulting in good health (Williams, 2010). Furthermore, the individual differences that exist In terms of the attitude the individual has towards their health and how they conceptualize their illness Is very important.

Although It Is a popular notion that personality traits Influence the state of a persons physical health, It Is difficult to establish the true nature of the relationship between resonantly and health , including measurement, the distinction between subjectively reported symptoms and objective signs of illness and the direction of causation (Matthews et al. , 2003). Four ways in which health status and personality might be linked have been identified by Souls and Retouches, (1990).

Firstly is the strongest assumptions about the importance of personality traits which represent biologically based differences that may cause different illness outcomes. Second, the relationship between traits and illness might be correlation rather than casual. Third is the usability that traits lead to behaviors that In turn lead to illnesses e. G. Smoking. Finally, Illnesses may cause personality changes. Nonetheless research has tended to focus on one of these aspects at a time which may oversimplify the complete Interrelationships that are likely to exist (Friedman, 2000).

The past has shown that from early times a link has almost always been made between personality and illness. Hippocrates (460-377 BC) described physical illness as being caused by the balance of bodily fluids or humors – meaning personality traits (Steelmaker and Swastika. , 1992). Personality is often conceptualized as specific behavioral styles as opposed to personality disorders or personality domains. Type A, Type B, Type C and Type D are some examples of a collection of behavior patterns that are grouped together to form a personality type.

Type A personality is one of the most studied of these. It Is a behavior pattern marked by tenseness, impatience and aggressiveness, often relating in stress related symptoms such as insomnia and Indigestion, and possibly Increasing the risk of heart disease. The term Type A’ was developed by Friedman & Rosen man (1 959), by which stile, and very tense – summarized basically as a “workaholic” personality. Type A personality was developed using structured interviews, however, although reliable it was labor intensive and therefore expensive.

Due to this it lead to the development of the Jenkins self report measure Nonsense et al. , 1974). There were at least four major breakthrough studies of personality and cardiac vascular disease PROVIDING CONFLICTING RESULTS. The earliest success for Type A personality came from the Western Collaborative Group Study (Roseanne et al. , 1975). This study followed 3, 154 initially healthy men geed between 39 & 59 years. The sample was followed up 8 h years later with Type A men were found to have twice as much cardiovascular disease than Type B men.

Type B personalities are very laid back , patient, and take a very relaxed low-key approach to life and their Job. This would suggest that Type A personalities are more prone to cardiovascular disease than Type B personalities. However, a later follow up study showed more negative or unequivocal results. After 22 years the same group reported no effects of Type A but quiet marked effects on mortality from blood erasure, cholesterol , smoking and age (Raglans & Brand, 1988), suggesting there was more than Type A personality directly increasing risk of coronary heart disease.

Similarly, a cohort study known as the Farmington study, began between 1965 & 1967 (Haynes et al. , 1978). This involved 5,127 men and women being assessed and found the incidence of cardiovascular disease to be significantly higher in Type A than Type B. However, in a follow up study results were less clear cut as it was found that Type A personality was predictive of cardiovascular disease only in certain occupational groups. Also, women with cardiovascular disease scored more highly on Type A behavior and suppressed more hostility, tension and anxiety than men.

Adding to these conflicting results were the Honolulu Heart Program Study (Cohen & Reid, 1985) and the British Regional Heart Study Monsoon et al 1987) which found no significant association between Type A personality and cardiovascular disease. These findings have tried to be explained through a meta-analysis of the literature (Booth-Kelley & Friedman, 1987) where findings were said to be due to the differences in the ways of assessing behavior and the use of different outcome assure, in that a distinction needs to be made between objectively and subjectively measuring these outcomes.

Although, an association was made between Type A personality and cardiovascular disease, the contradictory results can mean a number of things and further investigations of pathways and mechanisms is necessary to fully understand the associations. This suggests that although Type A may have an association to C. V. D. , it does not depict a definite outcome of illness. Another facet in research is that provided by personality theorists, where the components of personality are looked at instead of the personality as a whole.

Glass (1977) found three separate components made up Type A personality. These included striving competitively for achievement, sense of urgency and high levels of hostility. Compared to the more relaxed, easy going Type BBS; Type As were seen as more concerned with having control and having lower threshold for perceiving Hostility here is described as the “toxic” component. In a meta-analysis of 45 studies (Chide & Step, 2009) concluded hostility and anger was associated with an increase(20%) risk of C.

H. D. Developing in originally healthy people. Also, research such as the Western Electric Study (1983) has consistently mound a link between hostility and C. H. D. Similarly, 12 longitudinal studies examined the role of hostility on the incidence of C. H. D. , 6 longitudinal studies have examined the role of hostility on C. H. D. Mortality and 2 longitudinal studies examined the role of hostility n sub clinical C. V. D. The results from these revealed that anger/hostility was associated with C. H. D. ND cause mortality, independent of potential biologic and socio-demographic confounder (Fink, 2009). In contrast, the high scores found on the personality trait of hostility assumed a casual link to C. H. D. -in that the illogical processes associated with hostile behavior are also associated with increased C. V. D. (Square et al 2002). The evidence provided here portrays that an individual that is more hostile is more prone to C. H. D. Either directly or through outcomes that individuals display such as smoking or drinking alcohol because of the hostile behavior.

This evidence suggests that while type A personality alone cannot consistently predict C. H. D. , its subcomponents (such as hostility as discussed above) are in fact more reliable indicators . Due to the inconsistent findings on type A personality and C. H. D. It in turn resulted on an emphasis on individual differences. Research found that depression, low levels of social support, high hostility and anger being seen as risk factors in C. H. D. (Dickens et al. , 2007).

It was concluded, psychological risk factors tended to cluster together in some individuals and they were therefore more likely to experience cardiac problems when dealing with chronic stress. Again, a personality type approach was developed- Personality Type D ( Denote, 2000), which consisted of combined states of anxiety, pessimism, despair and anger. Type D is also characterized by high levels of negative festivity (AN) and social inhibition, with individuals especially experiencing AN more likely to experience distress, anxiety, irritability, pessimism and worry.

It is the combined effects of these negative emotions that define Type D (Cupper & Denote, 2007). However, it is this inability to cope that may help explain why some individuals are more prone to C. H. D. Although, it has recently been reported that Type D is an independent predictor of increased mortality among patients with coronary heart disease(Cupper & Denote, 2007), little to no research has investigated how type d ND non type d individual cope with stress.

Both negative affectively and social inhibition involve distancing oneself from the stresses using avoidance or withdrawal coping strategies causing the individual to make fewer attempts to engage directly with the problem. Also individuals with type D are predicted to actively reduce their efforts to seek out social support (Denote, 2000) which has been shown to be detrimental to health and well-being. A cross- sectional study of 334 1st year undergraduate students found a small but significant moderator effect for Type D for he disengagement symptom of burnout (Pullman et al, 2009).

These findings also mirrored other findings with individuals high in personality trait neurotics, which shares similarities with negative affectively (egg Denote, 2005). Therefore, reduced levels in comparisons to non-type d individuals. This includes avoidance coping strategies as well, which in turn lead to higher stress levels influencing C. H. D. It is clear from the evidence provided that a relationship between personality and health exists, therefore making some individuals who possess traits such as hostility or eroticism more prone to illness than others without these traits.

Although it is favorable to depict certain personality types (e. G. Type A) and relate these to ill health, instead it would be more beneficial to assess personality traits before the onset of illness so that the brief relationship between cause and effect can be established. From the literature, it is becoming more clear that the traits identified within personality types play a major role in predicting health and to understand this role is where the importance lies.

Also, the research conveys the relationship teen personality and health can be explored more extensively when using wider arrays of psychosocial measures and outcomes in longitudinal studies (rather than cross-sectional)-ideally studies that follow people from childhood onwards (Friedman, 2000) as once again cause and effect may be established. Overall, the importance of understanding why some individuals are more prone to illness than others and the personality traits involved in this, is due to the simple reason it is better for health prevention and treatment. At the end of the day…. Your health is your wealth!

To know the right ways how to get a vital sign, body temperature, taking a pulse rate and first aid is also a big help, in case there is an emergency situation in the family or even outside that requires immediate medical attention especially in remote areas like in the Barings. In Nutrition Education, we learn what are the necessary foods and nutrients that our body needs in our daily lives to maintain a healthy body and meet its needs.

That if we fail to provide what our body needs might cause some disorder or illness and if we take so much of it will also lead us to sickness. In this chapter I totally agree that we should take, Just the right amount of food and nutrient that our body need to stay healthy. In Family Planning and Birth Control, I agree that all should learn how to control a growing family especially In remote areas where people are not aware of this, because as we observe most of the big families’ lives In remote areas, but they usually can’t support their children needs.

This will help also, for those couple who are not ready to have responsibilities of having children but doesn’t know how to do the safe ways to prevent to get pregnant. I Just hope they add what will be the disadvantage and side effect of using contraceptive and birth control pills to the user body and If there is things that she need to do to avoid the bad side effect of this In her body, so she would be aware what would might happen If she did not follow the right ways using It. In Drug addiction and prevention, different yep of drugs and Its uses has a different effect on our body. Sing It without prescription from the doctor or using It for a wrong cause and ways would give a bad effect on our body and health. To know the types of drugs, Its uses, side effect and ways to prevent us to abuse drugs Is a great help to avoid drug addiction, Instead used drugs In right way and for the right cause. Therefore this guidelines and Information from this chapter Is very helpful to all of us If we Just follow and apply this In our lives we could have a healthy and peaceful life.

DO- explain how establishing a safe and secure environment can support the procedures necessary for accident, illnesses and emergencies. The layout of the environment in a setting should be suitable for the safety of the children. This means that toys, playing equipotent, tables and chairs should be age appropriate. If an accident occurred your role is to: check the child is safe, calm and comfortable, fill out and accidents form reporting the accident which is signed by a member of staffed the manager and parents.

The accident should be reported in a standard nursery accident book. If necessary POSTED could be contacted due to neglect of the setting. The setting should ensure that engagements are provided for the number of children to ensure every child is safe, practitioners should know first aid and should be trained in the resources for the safety of the children and should m,aka sure they know how everything works. Whilst outside a secure environment is essential to ensure no children can leave the premises and none of the public can get into the scenting.

To prevent accident happening in the nursery wet floors should be dried immediately to prevent children form running and slipping on it. Making sure all cleaning equipotent is out of reach of children and all rooms should be fitted with gates or doors to ensure a;; children stay in the room and don’t wonder into dangerous zones such as the kitchen In a setting a clean environment is essential, there must be a cleaning Rota provided to ensure cleaning is regular and this Rota is checked regularly to ensure children can use a clean toilet area which is free of bacteria to stop children becoming ill.

Young babies and young children’s equipotent must’ve sterilized to prevent them from catching colds and illnesses, this s from the children putting toys in their mouths and their immune system being so weak. facilities should be suitable for the children’s age and the children should know the importance of washing their hands and that it prevents them from getting ill.

To prevent passing on colds, when wiping children’s noses, children shouldn’t share tissues and between wiping each chills nose you should wash your hands to prevent illness. Simple procedures like making sure children have their own cups and plates and baby bottles aren’t mixed up can prevent illness and infection between children

The author graphically describes the symptoms of the plague, the most characteristic being the foul odor, severe pain and necrotic swollen lymph nodes. Contracted either by intact or airborne transmission, once acquired the victim would die within a very short time period. Dutchmen depicts how the bubonic plague ravaged entire towns and countries all across Asia and Europe. Populations became so diminished that the living were unable to keep up with the remains of the victims.

At one point Pope Clement VI of Avignon had reported that over 23 million people had perished from this disease. An accurate death toll could never possibly be calculated, however, It is said that “a third of the world died”. Dutchmen Is able to accurately portray the rebound psychological effects caused by the plague. This disease seemed to bring out the worst in human nature. Death became such a common occurrence that the disposal of human remains became careless.

The disease tested the faith of many. Aside from a recorded handful of Parisian nuns and priests, many religious figures neglected their duties such as performing last rites out of fear of contracting the fatal disease. Homes and towns were deserted. People abandoned their spouses and children. Crops were left unattended and livestock left to die, causing great mage to the economy of an already afflicted society. People became filled with hopelessness and despair.

Dutchmen describes how the death toll amongst the poor was greater mostly due to the closer housing quarters, poor sanitation and hard labor of the lower class. Younger people and women seemed to be highly vulnerable as well. Doctors and members of clergy were highly affected due to their occupations. The wealthy had more resources to escape to less populated and diseased areas; however royalty and Individuals of higher social prominence fell to his undiscriminating disease regardless of their wealth and privilege.

The black plague spared no one regardless of social stature and Is notably one of the most destructive pandemics In recorded history. This disease. An accurate death toll could never possibly be calculated, however, it is said that “a third of the world died”. Dutchmen is able to accurately portray the diseased areas; however royalty and individuals of higher social prominence fell to plague spared no one regardless of social stature and is notably one of the most destructive pandemics in recorded history.

Identical Thought in “Patient” and “Topic of Cancer” Once I was exposed to reading “Patient” and “Topic of Cancer” I put myself in Christopher Hitchers and Rachel Reedier shoes and realized how humor, can be used in a horrendous situation. Not everyone may know what a cancer patient has to go through but as days go by everyone has been through a situation that cannot handle on his or her own. By reading these two articles, I automatically had a mental mage of what and how the narrator felt.

In the article, “Patient”, Reedier is trying to lighten the mood by using humor throughout the whole article. Both articles have multiple similarities that have personal anecdotes that explain their life story. The articles are similar with Hitchers and Reedier with the use of tone in the “Patient” and “Topic of Cancer” through humor, images and horrible situations. Humor can be comical in many situations, but in the “Patient” and “Topic of Cancer”, the authors indicate the reader that pain can be a wholesome situation.

In the article, “Patient” a teenager was hit by a bus and later on was informed that her leg may need to be amputated. The author uses phrases saying, “l feel like I got hit by a bus” to show his expression on how he truly feels about this situation (Reedier 166). Hitchers, the author of the “Topic of Cancer” expresses humor throughout the article in ways of saying, “The chest hair that was once the toast of two continents hasn’t yet wilted, but so much of it was shaved off for various hospital incisions that it’s a rather patchy affair” (Hitchers 88).

Hitchers is expressing how he has lost all of his hair, and he can still look at it in a humorous way (The Best American Essays). Reedier and Hitchers explain how situations like these can be engaged in many different ways. Anyone can take these essays as serious as possible but can also take them as a humorous situation. As Reedier and Hitchers went through the essays, the narrator explained how they had struggled through their situation and still found positive attitude.

Reedier uses a positive attitude by saying, “It is easy to be calm cause I cannot really have been run over by a bus” (Reedier 165). As horrible as the situation may sound the narrator makes it out to be not as bad is it seems to be. Hitchers explains how the situation needs to be in a positive way, “l sometimes wish I were suffering in a good cause, or risk my life for the good of others, instead of being a gravely endangered patient” (Hitchers 88). The narrator expresses how she would rather be suffering for a good reason instead of being in the hospital with cancer (The Best American Essays).

Both of the articles prove that you can fight through any kind of injury or disease no matter how critical the situation can accrue. The narrator shows his faith by saying, “She would make the driver move that bus, but I can’t see her” (Reedier 165). In the “Topic of Cancer” Hutchins shows, how he feels about his conditions and diagnoses with the quote, “To the dumb question “Why me? ” the cosmos barely bothers to return the reply: “Why not? ” (86). He is obviously looking at his illness as a positive outcome when many people look at it as their life is over (The Best American Essays).

Even though cancer can kill someone and losing a leg can cause death, both of the narrators kept a positive attitude. Both of the narrators start out by asking themselves “why me”, as the articles continue the “Patient” goes on living a healthy life, but in the article “Topic of Cancer” he is still fighting for his life. There are similarities throughout the stories showing the way they feel, and showing their emotions through humor but in the end there is a different outcome.