Dubai

| Communication Barriers in DUBAI Police Department| Case Study| | | | | Contents CASE STUDY3 Introduction5 Summary6 Key Issues Highlighted7 Key Issues Analysis8 Steps Taken to Resolve the Problem10 Benefits & Drawbacks10 Conclusion10 Recommendations11 References12 CASE STUDY: Communication Barriers in DUBAI Police Department Dubai Police Department is an integral part of the Dubai Police Force. Dubai Police Department was established on 1st June 1956. There are more than fifteen thousand employees working under the Dubai Police Force across Dubai City.

The General Department of Administrative Affairs is one of the most appreciated and admired security establishments under the Dubai Police Department. The GDAA is a link between the Dubai Police Headquarters, General Departments, and Police Stations on one hand, and the Federal Ministers; Government Departments and the private sectors on the other hand. The Department offers legal consultations; preparation of statistical and cognitive studies, data collection and analysis, preparation of annual reports, and managing medical and travel services record of Dubai Police Force Employees.

One day Mr. Kabir came to work and became furious when he was rebuked by his senior Mr. Abdul for the reason that the receptionist, Miss Ann who is responsible for the centralized communication in the department has miss communicated some information to Mr. Kabir. Mr. Abdul is the General of the GDAA (The General Department of Administrative Affairs) organization under the Dubai Police Department. Mr. Kabir is a 32 year old Deputy in The General Department of Administrative Affairs. He is responsible for supervising and managing all the activities in the department.

Kabir tries his best to keep up with the administrative issues in the police department. The present communication system prevailing in the Department is the verbal communication system which takes over the phone. The message is conveyed from the receptionist to the receiver by telephone. If the receiver is not available to attend the calls, the receptionist is responsible for making a note of the information and surpassing the information to the concerned receiver of the calls. Kabir got frustrated and got notion to put in the modern digital system for effective communication across the department.

He acquired all the officers’ acceptance for the program. The system was responsible for facilitating the services like electronic transfer of calls, calls recovery, messages recovery, auto answering options etc. Miss Ann was trained and made responsible to supervise and manage the efficient functioning of the digital communication system in the department. In the month – end meeting of the officers of the department, Ann declared that the efficiency of the department had increased due to the increase in accessibility of the information hub which was made possible with the help of the technological integration in the department.

The personnel no longer felt the need to depend on the receptionist to access the information required. Moreover the communication between people also improved and the updates could be gathered faster. (Call Express Case Study) Introduction The public administration of any country or region is responsible for the effectiveness in the overall functioning of the governmental departments and agencies. Department of Police (About US) is designated so as to practice the laws and by making legitimized use of force. The Police Services are defined in a legal area of responsibility. The Dubai Police Department is a ell established and admired body within the public administration of the country and is chaired by the ruler – Sheikh Mohammad Bin Rashid Al-Maktoum. Bearing this in mind, one of the key public administration departments pertains to the maintenance of law and order and ensuring implementation of the law in the region. The General Department of Administrative Affairs (Organizational Chart) is a department under the Department of Police is responsible for the connection with the Police Headquarters and other Police High Authority Departments encompasses Federal Ministers, Government Departments, and other private sector bodies.

The department carries different operational activities such as legal consultations, preparation of statistical studies, data collection and analysis, preparation of reports and other management and administrative tasks. The case pertains to The General Department of the Administrative Affairs of the Dubai Police Department and highlights the problems in the communication channels which existed in the department. The key issue was with the retrieval and access to the messages which had to be accessed through a receptionist.

This study will aim at analyzing the issue and the outcome of this issue on the department. The case is focused on the existence of improper channels in the Department which was affecting the effectiveness of the department’s administration. Communication assumes utmost importance in this regard as live updates and information need to be conveyed to the various personnel involved in the department’s activities. Summary: The rationale of the case study is to exemplify the communication system in The General Department of Administrative Affairs of the Dubai Police Department.

The case throws light up on the troubles faced by the officers owing to the old and traditional verbal communication system prevailing in the department. The information and messages flow is inappropriate disturbing the operational and administrative flow in the department. The verbal communication system is centralized, one receptionist looking after all the calls and messages flows to the respective receivers in the department. This made the Deputy to think for changing and implementing the new and contemporary digital system in the department.

The installation of this digital system ensures the effective and efficient communication by conquering the problems and challenges arising with the Department of Police, Dubai. The new program of communication system resulted in the operational effectiveness along with the improvement in the operational efficiency. Besides, there were many other drawbacks that came into picture by the communication officer Ann, who was the former receptionist in the police department during the review of the communication system, was done by the office associates under the supervision of Mr.

Abdul, the General of the department. In the next part of the case study analysis of the Dubai Police Department, the key points will be highlighted together with the examination of its consequences and the action steps taken by the company to conquer the problems. Key Issues Highlighted: This case is focused upon the key issues related to the communication channel existing in the department with respect to the retrieval of information available with the receptionist and dependency on the receptionist for accessing the information that is present with her.

The issues pertain to the information which is collected by the receptionist. This information is provided by the people and could either be a complaint or a call for help or intimation about any emergency situations. It could also include personal calls or messages for the people in the department. This information could be accessed only when the receptionist was present and the conveyance of the information over the telephone line meant that the line was kept busy and this was responsible for the callers to deter from providing information which could prove useful for the department.

Moreover the personnel often wanted to access the information after their duty hours were over, but this was not made possible as the absence of the receptionist meant that data could not be retrieved until such time till the receptionist returned. These issues pertaining to communication within the department are highlighted in this case study – * Communication channel which existed in the department. * Various flaws associated in the existing communication channel. * Effect of the inefficient communication channel on the administration of the department. Identifying the reasons for the problems which are evident in the communication channel. Key Issues Analysis: 1. Communication Channel – The Communication Channel prevailing in The General Department of Administrative Affairs of the Department of Police is the combination of “verbal” and “non verbal” communication system. The communication system is the system which includes the interaction between the people. The communication is established between the sender and the receiver by making use of the sound and language to convey the message to the receiver. The communication is used to express the ideas, desires, concepts and requirements.

The verbal communication is therefore significant for the exchange of expressions and gestures between two or more persons. The verbal communication system is an old and traditional system for communication in public administrative organization where one single receptionist is responsible for the transferring of calls and messages along with the retrieval of information. The system is not spirited enough to cope up with the demands of the modern scenario of the public administrations, especially the Police Department where the number of workforce is increasing day by day, thus resulting in the increase of the administration activities.

Today, the communication systems widespread in the administrations are faster and easier and are modern and technical systems mostly referred as the non verbal communication system. (Hanes, 2010) 2. Failure of the Communication System – There are various flaws associated with the current communication system or channel prevailing in the department resulting in the failure of the system and giving birth to number of problems in the department when the messages and calls are transferred from the receptionist to the concerned officer in the department. They are – * Misunderstandings. Different Perceptions of the People * Ineffective Communication Techniques * Language Barriers * Subjective Opinions of the Persons (Hanes, Problems in Communication , 2010) 3. Effect of the Communication System – The communication system prevailing in The General Department of Administrative Affairs fails to clinch the success as the system or the channel is centralized and outmoded. The communication system moves around one single receptionist who is responsible to transfer the calls and messages to the officers in their respective departments.

She was also made responsible to retrieve the messages in the absence of any receiver. This is an old and slow process of communication giving room for number of mistakes. This resulted in the miscommunication of the data and information and therefore resulting in the misappropriation of tasks and responsibilities. At times, this fallout in the scolding and admonishments to the officers from the Deputy General of the department. 4. Reasons for the flaws in Communication Channel – There can be many reasons that affect the communication system in the organization.

With reference to the case study of the public administration’s Dubai Police Department, there is a centralized communication system. The department makes use of both the verbal as well as the non verbal communication system. They made use of the internet, fax machines, printers, telephones, e-mails as the mode of communication in the department. The working of the centralized communication system revolves around the receptionist of the department who is made responsible for the transfer of calls, messages to the receiver. This is the major fault in the department.

Depending on a single receptionist for carrying out the communication system will undoubtedly give room for the mistakes and human errors. The errors and defects would have generated in the communication system certainly. Steps Taken to Resolve the Problem The Deputy of The General Department of Administrative Affairs came to the action plan to resolve the problem of communication system or channel in the department. The Deputy had taken step of installing the new and contemporary digital system for communication in the department.

The step was taken by the Deputy as the Department was grappling around the problems of communication. The new digital system was installed in the department with the aim to eradicate all the problems associated with the prevailing communication channel. The receptionist was made the communication officer of the department and was assigned the responsibility of managing the new communication system. The communication officer who was the former receptionist of the department was also accountable to the higher uthorities to provide them the feedback of the new system by keeping the review on the system. The new system installed ensured the faster and effective communication across the department of the administrative affairs under the police department of Dubai. Benefits & Drawbacks Eventually, the new digital system was installed in the department. This resulted in the eradication of the problems due to the different benefits associated with it and they are – (a) New and modern system (b) Communication is possible in a large workforce c) Easy to use (d) Fast and prompt to use (e) Offers indifferent unique add on. Besides this, there are also some drawbacks associated with the Digital System and that pertains to the Information Richness which is passed between the receiver and the sender or any and they are as follows – (a) Lengthy Conversations are difficult with the new system. (b) The Particulars of the messages are missed. (c) Lot of Repetitions is required. (d) Less influential and cannot be used everywhere in all the functions of the department. e) Not everybody in the organization prefers to communicate via digital system of communication. (f) Cannot create impression upon the people or the listeners involved in the communication. Conclusion This case study helped to highlight and evaluate an important administrative tool, i. e. communication. Communication is a crucial aspect of public administration and the evaluation of the case of the Dubai Police Department in its Department of Administrative Affairs and proved useful in the examination of this aspect of administration and its implications in real time scenarios.

The discussions in the case study has proved that how much a proper and systematic communication channel is required in any of the organization to perform various functions in the department. The Case had also focused upon how much is the operational effectiveness of any organization is affecting due to the improper functioning of only one of the system in the organization. Indeed, the Case Study aimed to identify the significance of the proper and friendly communication channels entails in any of the public administration. Recommendations:

With reference to the case study, I would like to give my personal recommendations for the improvement of the communication channels and programs in the organization. Several Steps can be taken by the Public Administration Authorities to improve the communication systems in the department. The Recommendations pertaining to the Department of Police are as follows – * An Organized System for Communication should be followed which should be completely formal system. This will provide a solution for the structural and operational problems with respect to the operational concerns. All the elements of the Communication mix should be properly managed during the implementation of the programs and systems. A certain problem is recognized which is referred as the Time Wasting Potential. This should be eradicated by making use of SOP Program used for the development of the overall communication systems and programs in the organization. (Kuhne, 2004) In addition to the above recommendations, I would like to suggest the communication officer of the Dubai Police Department to switch to the upgraded versions of the digital systems of the communication system once the department gets used to it.

This will ensure more upgraded and advanced services to carry out the communication services across the department. It provides unique services like – (a) VOIP telephone systems (b) Consultation of the Factory Certified Technicians (c) Loud Speaker Paging System (d) Remote Teleworker Set up (e) Relocation Services (f) Adds, moves and changes Other departments in the Public Administration of Dubai can also make use of such modes of systems of communication within their departments. References 1. About US. (n. d. . Retrieved November 1, 2011, from www. dubaipolice. gov. ae: http://www. dubaipolice. gov. ae/dp/jsps/content/flat-content. do? contentCode=69908 2. Call Express Case Study. (n. d. ). Retrieved November 1, 2011, from www. avst. com: http://www. avst. com/case_study/Dubai_Police_Promote_Community_Outreach_with_AVST_CallXpress .asp 3. Hanes, T. (2010). Problems in Communication . Retrieved November 1, 2011, from www. livestrong. com: http://www. livestrong. com/article/158524-problems-in-verbal-communication/ 4.

Hanes, T. (2010). What is Verbal Communication. Retrieved November 1, 2011, from www. livestrong. com: http://www. livestrong. com/article/150573-what-is-verbal-communication/ 5. Kuhne, M. (2004). Communication Channels. Retrieved November 1, 2011, from www. ibisassoc. co. uk: www. ibisassoc. co. uk/articles/Article16. doc 6. Organizational Chart. (n. d. ). Retrieved November 1, 2011, from www. dubaipolice. gov. ae: http://www. dubaipolice. gov. ae/dp/jsps/content/flat-content. do? contentCode=orgn13

That is Dubai-sky piercing towers, rotating buildings, spectacular architectural designs,flow of petro-dollers,broad and clean road notworks, etc,etc. Businessmen, investers, and lusury-seekers, used to visit Dubai with all zeal. Some weeks ago, Dubai had issued to international investers, bonds worth $1. 9trillion,whiched sent the message that its economic position is unshakable!

But now that foundation has shaken! inability to rapay loan instalments All these indicate that Dubai’s financial foundation. Reasons Dubai, unlike other six emirates of UAE is not a country rich with oil resources. This city-state is purely a business city wholly depending upon tourism and other businesses. Dubai World, in a haste to attract world enterprenuers started spending more and more on building fine roads, star hotels,etc. Foreign institutional investers also invested much here, especially during the last four years.

But, for some reason, maybe due to economic crisis mainly, FIIs didnot turn to Dubai for investment.. AS a result, real-estate business in Dubai suddenly collapsed. This made an impact on other businesses also. Effects Dubai world, has business tie-ups in different countries including India. Thes projects, may be delayed( resulting in cost increase), or dropped, or prolonged. Unemployment problem may arise in Dubai. Enterprises may have to retrench a portion of their employees.! 0 lakh Indians are working in Dubai and other UAE countries.

Foreign Institutional investers, who have business ties with Dubai World, may face loss. 70 financial institutions have lent credits to Dubai world. Banks in Duabi may face crisis. When the world is recovering from last year’s economic recession, this may push it back to same position. Ray of hope. Inspite of all these, experts hope that it is possible to recover. It comes out of past experience. Dubai had faced similar economic crisis in 1999. Then Abudhabhi, another emirette in UAE, had helped Dubai by lending a loan of $1,00,000. Abudhabhi is a financially stable country..

It can help. But the quantum of need this time is muchmore than it was in 1999. Just on 29th,November,Abudhabhi has announced that it would concider the financing aspect,item wise, taking each main transaction on merits. It has also clarified,it is not going to take full responsibility of all loans.  Top ten financial institutions of the world By greater optimism and assurances by America, major part of the world succumbed to globalization and WTC agreements. American companies, for their profit, encouraged the buying habits of people in the globe

Finance and Gold Stock

The economic powers in the world were amazed last week when India purchased 200 tonnes of gold from International monetary fund(IMF). This purchase needed an investment of Rs. 35,000 crores. India also announced… ABU DHABI, Dec. 2 (Xinhua) — The financial crisis sweeping the world that emerged from Wall Street has taken its toll on the United Arab Emirates (UAE), sending the Gulf oil producing country’s economy into an uncertain path. In the first half of 2008, the world saw a steady rise in oil prices, which climbed to a record high of 147. 27 U. S. dollars a barrel on July 11.

However, the soaring oil prices did not get a firm footing since then, with the supply and demand factors remained in a balance, as top officials of the oil cartel Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) had said repeatedly. After the speculative factors gave way to the fundamentals in the market, oil prices began a journey of correction, declining below 60 dollars a barrel, which represented a drop of more than 60 percent compared with the peak in July. The decline of oil prices was no good news for the UAE, for the oil sector accounted for about 35. 9 percent of the country’s GDP in 2007.

Local newspaper Gulf News estimated in July that the oil revenue of Abu Dhabi whose production accounts for nearly 94 percent of the UAE’s crude oil output, would reach 100 billion dollars if the price remained on high level. But the figure seems impossible now. In addition to oil prices, the UAE is facing a reverse in its property market which has been booming since the government allowed foreign investors to buy property on a freehold basis in 2002. A report released by Morgan Stanley in August predicted a decline of 10 percent by 2010 in the property market of Dubai, the UAE’s commercial and financial hub.

But the correction of prices in the UAE’s property market came earlier than Morgan Stanley predicted. In November, HSBC said in are port that property prices fell in October by four percent in Dubai and five percent in Abu Dhabi, which is the first ever since2002 and may be a turning point of the six-year bull market. In the stock markets, the UAE has been suffering a free fall this year, a similar experience that some emerging markets had during the same period. On Nov. 16, the Dubai Financial Market (DFM) index closed at 1,981. 4 points, falling by 68. 51 percent from the year’s peak of 6,291. 87 points on Jan. 15 with a loss of 4. 67 billion dirhams (1. 27billion dollars) in market value. On the same day, the Abu Dhabi Securities Exchange (ADX) also fell to its lowest point this year, with its general index hitting2,755. 62, down 46. 48 percent from 5,148. 49 points on June 11 with a loss of 1. 52 billion dirhams.

Banks’ Tightening Purse Strings

The UAE Central Bank held a meeting with representatives from all banks operating in the country on Sept. 8, three days after the U. S. investment bank Lehman Brothers filed for bankruptcy, to assess the status of the UAE banking system. A statement released by the Central Bank after the meeting said that the UAE banks had no exposure to Lehman Brothers and there was no systemic risk in the UAE. But the statement also revealed that the country’s banking system was also facing a lack of liquidity by saying that “various suggestions for boosting liquidity of banks were also discussed. ” On Sept. 2, the Central Bank announced the establishment of an emergency lending facility worth 50 billion dirhams for banks operating in the country, marking the first move to inject liquidity since the Wall Street meltdown emerged. After that, the UAE government took more steps to shore up the banking system. The Central Bank announced on Oct. 8 a two-percentage-point cut in its lending rate to 3 percent in a bid to boost liquidity of local banks. It also lowered the rate on its repurchase of certificate of deposit (REPO) from 2 percent to 1. percent with effect from Oct. 8. In mid-October, the UAE cabinet said that it decided to take preventive measures to support the banking system. Under the measures, the government will provide a three-year guarantee to deposits and savings in all national banks and foreign banks with “significant operations” in the country. In addition, the government will also guarantee all inter-bank lending operations between banks operating in the country and inject sufficient liquidity in the financial system if and when necessary.

The government also decided to inject another 70 billion dirhams into the banking system. Despite the measures taken by the government, the lack of liquidity has made banks operating in the UAE tighten their purse strings. HSBC raised its minimum salary requirement for a personal loan from 5,000 dirhams to 10,000 dirhams in October and doubled it again in November to 20,000 dirhams. Another major foreign bank operating in the UAE Lloyds TSB decided in November to stop lending to customers who wanted to buy apartments.

In the meantime, the bank lowered its loan to value ratio on villas to 50 percent from 80 percent in October. The UAE’s national banks, including the country’s largest bank Emirates NBD, were also reportedly tightening their credit.

Uncertain Prospect of Mega Projects

In the past few years, the UAE has witnessed a boom in its property market, with prices quadrupled. The property sector became an important contributor to the country’s efforts to diversify its economy so as to reduce the dependence on the oil industry. Property developers in the UAE launched a series of iconic projects during the boom, including the three Palm Islands and Burj Dubai, the highest architecture to date in the world. The success of those iconic projects in promoting themselves and their developers and the continuous upturn in the property market have encouraged developers float more mega projects. In October, Nakheel, the developer of the Palm Islands, announced a new project named “Nakheel Harbor & Tower. ” The project, which will cover an area of more than 270 hectares and accommodate over 55,000 people, will include a tower more than 1,000 meters high.

If completed, the Nakheel Tower will take Burj Dubai’s title of the world’s highest building, whose current height stands at 688 meters. According to Nakheel, the Nakheel Harbor & Tower will take more than 10 years to complete. Now, with the credit squeeze and a possible bear market for the property sector, the project’s fate seems uncertain. In fact, Nakheel said in mid-November that it will reassess its “immediate business objectives to accommodate the current economic climate. The next few months will see a scaling back of activity around some of our projects. “

Introduction

Four decades ago, the United Arab Emirates (U. A.E) landscape and infrastructure consisted of not much more than deserts where sheikhdoms survived on fishing, pearling, herding and agriculture. Today, Abu Dhabi and Dubai are two of the most developed emirates in the country dominated by roads, luxury homes, and skylines (consisting of modern glass and steel skyscrapers). The new modern infrastructure has replaced the undeveloped cities that once existed before. To say the least U. A. E has transformed from a desert into a developed country1 with a high gross domestic product (GDP) reaching $192. 03 million2 in 2010. According to the Global Competitiveness Report 2008-2009, U. A. E was ranked number 31 globally for its growth competitiveness. The large boost in U. A. E’s development and economy is founded on the export of the country’s oil and petroleum-based products since 1958, when oil was first discovered in Abu Dhabi. Almost 10 percent (%) of the world’s current oil reserves are controlled by the U. A. E, enabling it to command more than 16% of OPEC’s total reserves. The aim of the U. A. E’ economy is to minimize its dependency on oil; therefore much focus has been targeted on diversifying the economy during the past two decades. In turn, making it more dependent on the service sector, especially high-class tourism as well as expanding the international finance sector. In both developed and developing countries, a natural resource boom, (as experienced in U. A. E) has triggered the so called „Dutch Disease’. It is a theory that originates from the Netherlands in the 1970s, basically explaining a decline in the traditional manufacturing sector when the country experiences a boom in their natural resource.

The Dutch Disease indicates that the natural resource abundant factor triggers an appreciation of the domes- tic currency. In turn, other non-resource exporters are affected at the same time and the manufacturing sector experiences a constrained activity to compete in the world market. Furthermore, the agricultural sector undergoes a decline as labor moves to either the booming sector or the non-tradable sector. The case of the Dutch Disease would be a problem to the U. A. E since it causes the shift of labor and production for the tradable sector to the non-tradable sector causing a decline in the country exports of manufacturing and agricultural goods. The decline in exports of U. A. E’s traditional tradable goods de-creases production of the goods affecting the country? s economy in a negative way.

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to study U. A. E’s development in economic growth since 1975 and establish if there are any signs of the Dutch Disease by testing the ratio of tradable goods to non- tradable goods and the effects by other macroeconomic variables.

UAE Background

U. A. E consists of the seven emirates Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, Ra al-Khaimah, Ajman, Umm al-Qaiwain and Fujairah, which are located on the southern Arabian Gulf. On the 2nd of December 1971, the country became independent after being under British rule for a period of 70 years. The independence and discovery of oil triggered the economic development in U. A. E which led to a huge expansion in the population. The population boom in U. A. E is a result of the increased demand for labor throughout the past four decades and consists for the most part (83%) of labor from foreign countries referred to as expatriates. United Nation? (UN) database illustrates the division of the labor from two perspectives; first from the year 2000 compared to the changes that prevailed in 2010. Female participation and male participation in 2000 consisted of 34. 4% in the former group and 92% in the latter group. As stated in the introduction, one of the impacts when an economy is experiencing signs of the Dutch Disease is the high inflation rate followed by a change in the real exchange rate. Fluctuations in the real exchange rate can cause resources and production to reallocate between the economy? sectors of tradable and non- tradable goods and services and is there-fore regarded as an important price in the economy. The U. A. E is one of the countries in the Middle East which follows a pegged (or fixed) ex- change rate regime, in which foreign central banks stand ready to buy and sell their currencies at a fixed price in terms of dollars. The currency of the U. A. E, the AED was first officially pegged against the USD in 1974. By the end of 1977 fluctuations occurred widely. For over two decades the USD had been used as an anchor currency in practice when it became the official anchor currency in 2002.

The decision to make the USD an anchor currency was made by the member nations of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) in order to establish a common currency in 2010. The U. A. E and the effects from the oil industry have not been studied to any great extent. However some studies on the Dutch Disease concerning other countries have been conducted, but these studies are mainly theoretical and lack econometric testing. The studies with statistical analysis contain time series, more observations and flexible exchange rates (which could be included in the regression model).

Theoretical Framework

In order to comprehend the Dutch Disease theory, theoretical model of tradable (T) and non- tradable goods4 (NT), also known as the TNT Model can be used. According to Sachs and Larrain (1993) the most important assumptions is that N can neither be exported nor imported and its domestic consumption and production must be equivalent. The opposite applies for T, consumption and production domestically can differ because of the possibility of imports and exports T. In this specific model, two goods are produced and  consumed: T and N by one factor of productivity which is labor.

The supply side obtains two linear functions: QT = aTLT (T) and QN = aNLN (N), Where, production is dependent on labor. LT and LN accounts for the amount of labor used, whilst aT and aN are the marginal productivities of labor for the two sectors. In other words a T or aN units more of output is achieved if one extra unit of labor is applied in either sector. Due to the linear functions, aT and aN also account for average productivities. The demand side of the TNT model circles around consumption decisions which do not include investment spending. Total absorption, i. e. pending on T and N is expressed in the equation as followed: A = PTCT + PNCN Total absorption is defined by A and levels of consumption for T and N by CT and CN. PT and PN correspond to the price of the goods. Furthermore, Sachs and Larrain (1993) assume if the ratio CT/CN is fixed, then households consumes CT and CN in fixed proportions, (regardless of relative prices). If overall spending increases, it is followed by an increase in consumption in T and N by the same proportion and vice versa. Figure below illustrates the production possibility frontier (PPF), the consumption line and the market equilibrium for T and N in a country.

The PPF shows each quantity of QT that is produced in order to produce the maximum quantity of QN. If QN = aNL then QT = 0, represented by point B in the figure. Then the factor of productivity labor is located in the N sector. If QN = 0 and QT = aTL, then labor is located in T (point D in the figure). The slope of the PPF is equal to PT/PN, i. e. the relative price of T in terms of N, which is also referred to as the real exchange rate, e, in the TNT model. Therefore, aN/aT = PT/PN = e.

Empirical Findings and Analysis

Data Summary of the Macroeconomic

Variables used in the Regression Ratio of tradable goods to non- tradable goods (R) Sum of tradable goods (manufacturing value added, agriculture value added) divided by the sum of non-tradable goods (services value added). Inflation as GDP deflator in annual percent. Variables that are used to classify data into mutually special categories. Here the dummy variable represent the period 1975-1980, since the change in oil price was dramatic during these years. Based on current prices and is ex-pressed in USD per barrel

UN (2010) Inflation (I) Dummy variable (D1) Nation Masters Economy Statistics, U. A. E (historical data) (2010) Gujarati (2010) Price of oil (P) Annual Statistical bulletin OPEC (2010) Other variables were also tested, but due to insignificant values and to avoid problems of correlation, some of the variables were excluded from the regression models. One of the other variables tested was money supply (M1), but since this variable was highly correlated with GDP, we decided to exclude it. GDP was also excluded due to high correlation with the price of oil.

Descriptive Statistics

The following figure shows the change in value added of tradable goods and non-tradable goods in U. A. E throughout the period 1975-2005 expressed in billion of AED per year. As can be seen the production of non-tradable goods has been larger than tradable goods (non-oil goods) during the entire period. The tradable sector has not in-creased as much as the non- tradable sector, i. e. non-oil production has decreased in comparison to non-tradable.

In fact the non-tradable sector has increased almost twice as much as the tradable sector, which is a symptom of the Dutch Disease. One of the reasons why the non-tradable sector may have increased so much could be due to the country? s rise in export of oil throughout 1975-2009. US $ per Barrel 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Price of Oil Inflation Rate Figure illustrates the relationship between the price of oil and the inflation rate during the period 1975-2005. We will concentrate on analyzing the inflation rate? s peak and lows and the impact from the fluctuating oil price.

We can first see that there was a sharp decline in inflation from 19758 until 1978. During 1974 the inflation rate was 138. 26% according to Nation Master Economy Statistics (2010). The sharp decline could be due to that the U. A. E officially pegged the AED to the USD in 1974. The fluctuation in the inflation rate cannot only be explained by a boom in production but also depends on other factors as well, such as the depreciation of the USD. One of the reasons why the inflation in U. A. E change so dramatically during the years 1998-2001 could be due to the burst of the “I.

T-bubble” (known as the “Dot-com bubble”) in the late 1990s which affected USD negatively.

The Regression Model

In order to test if the chosen macroeconomic variables show indications of symptoms of the Dutch Disease, the model with the ratio of tradable goods to non-tradable goods was adopted but adjusted in order to fit this thesis. The adjusted equation is based on time series data. The presented macroeconomic variables; inflation (I) is based on the theoretical framework presented, price of oil (P) is adopted which included price of oil in the regression analysis.

The dummy variable (D1) for the period 1975-1980 is which included a dummy variable for a one year period. The ratio of tradable goods to non-tradable goods serves as the dependent variable in both models, however the independent variables differ slightly; the first regression model includes inflation and price of oil as the independent variables. The second regression model also includes inflation and price of oil but a dummy variable for the period 1975-1980 was added.

Econometric Problems

In the beginning of the regression testing we discovered that some of the variables were correlated with one another. Money supply (M1) and GDP were the most correlated variables in the regression models, so in order to avoid multi co linearity problems we decided to exclude money supply and GDP from the regression model. The reason why the two variables were excluded was due to the high correlation between GDP and money supply and the high correlation between GDP and price of oil. Coefficient 1 (Price of Oil) 2 (Inflation) 3 (Dummy Variable)

Regression Results: Sign negative or no effect negative negative or no effect. In order to make it more comprehensive for the reader, the authors summarized the coefficients and significance levels (1%, 5% or 10%) from the two different regression model results with 36 observations for the period 1975 to 2010. The R-square values show that 39. 3% (model 1) and 75. 3% (model 2) of the change in the ratio of tradable goods to non-tradable goods can be explained by the model used. The goodness of fit in model 1 on the other hand, has a poorer fit, where 39. % of the influences on the dependent variable can be explained by the model. The better fit of model 2 can be due to the additional variable tested in the second regression model, i. e. D1. In model 1 and 2 the price of oil is significant and does not support the expectation that it would have a negative or no effect on the ratio. Price of oil is significant at a 1% significance level in model 1 and affects the dependent variable positively. A 1% increase in the ratio of tradable goods to non-tradable goods would increase the price of oil by 0. 05840%, all else equal. In the second regression model, the price of oil is significant at a 1% level, meaning that a 1% change in the regress and would increase the price of oil by 0. 002988%, all else equal. The results from the regression models indicate that the price of oil has a positive effect on the dependent variable. This result corresponds to the authors? expectations that during a boom in natural resources, inflation has a negative effect on the ratio. The negative relationship between the inflation rate and the ratio can also be xplained by the spending effect since in a fixed exchange rate regime the inflation rate is affected by the in-crease in the money supply. The second hypothesis for model one is therefore not rejected and the authors can conclude that the macroeconomic variable inflation is a symptom of the disease in the country. However in the second model the inflation variable is not significant and the authors can thereby not take the variable into consideration when analyzing if the U. A. E experienced the Dutch Disease during the years 1975- 1980.

Furthermore, the insignificant value of the inflation rate in model two might be due to the short time period tested, 1975-1980. The major oil price shock during this period had a negative impact on the economy of U. A. E, which negatively affected the inflation rate, leading to the insignificant-cant value in the second regression model.

Conclusions

This project is a study whether the oil boom in U. A. E during the 1970s led to symptoms of the Dutch Disease and if the country is a victim of the disease.

Three hypotheses were tested and descriptive data was analyzed in order to reach a conclusion. The first hypothesis tested the authors? statement that the price of oil has a negative (or no) effect on the ratio of tradable goods to non-tradable goods. The results showed that the price of oil did have a positive effect on the ratio, meaning that even though there are changes in the price of the natural resource it does not affect the production in the non-oil sectors to decline. Hypothesis 1 is therefore rejected by us.

In the mid-1980s the disease took an opposite direction when oil prices collapsed. Domestic demand dropped sharply in the oil-rich countries causing the construction industry to experience unemployment and employment shifted back to the tradable goods sectors. Therefore it can be concluded that the price of oil cannot be considered as a symptom of the Dutch Disease in the U. A. E. The second hypothesis was based on the problems of the high inflation rate U. A. E has experienced on and off during the years.

Inflation was stated to have a negative effect on the ratio of tradable goods to non-tradable goods due to the fixed exchange rate. The regression results showed that inflation held a negative impact on the ratio therefore the hypo-thesis is not rejected by us. The last hypothesis was based on the high oil prices that existed during the period 1975-1980. Therefore a dummy variable was included in the hypothesis with the statement that it would have a negative (or no) effect on the ratio of tradable goods to non-tradable goods.

Results showed that the dummy variable was negatively correlated with the ratio, thus the third hypothesis is not rejected. The negative relationship is in line with our expectations. One explanation for the negative impact on the ratio could be due to the oil price shock that occurred in 1979. The increase in the oil price during these years therefore affected the oil production negatively. Furthermore, the price of oil can be seen as a possible symptom of the Dutch Disease in U. A. E? s economy.

There are maybe a number of asset management tools that are employed and can be employed in optimizing the company’s holistic corporate performance. Among the strategic asset management tools employed by the company is its ability to establish partnership with companies specialized on asset management. Recently, Emaar signed a joint venture with UK- based water and wastewater management leader United Utilities. A web article published by AME Info, noted that the partnership formed a new firm, the Emaar Utilities that will manage all the utilities of all the Emaar projects in Dubai.

Emaar entered partnership with another UK- based Carillion plc, which set up a new venture, the Emrill that provides property and facility management services in the UAE and Gulf region. According to a Google article the aim of the new company is to provide Emaar asset management solutions, and cater to the major property companies in the UAE and across the region, of the same services. Emaar has also established partnership with Giorgio Armani SPA to construct a worldwide group of luxury hotels and vacation resorts in prime locations all over the world.

Evaluation of this Strategic Management Asset Emaar’s strategic management asset involves facilities that are occupied for operational use and facilities that are intended for investments. Among the properties that are occupied for operational needs involves office buildings, villas and apartments, malls, hospitals, and schools, while those that are held for investments are the resorts and hotels other financial institution. Emaar properties are a public joint Stock company (PJSC) and are listed on the Dubai financial market.

Emaar’s operating capital during its beginning in 1997 was $274 million, today; the Dubai government has a 32% equity stake. Strategic alliances were employed by Emaar precisely to meet the growing needs of asset management due to Emaar’s massive and aggressive expansion operation. With huge numbers of development projects in the region and in many Arab and some none Arab countries Emmar employed strategic alliances that are not only providing the company with technical expertise in asset management but it also provides new business opportunities.

Such is the case with Emaar’s partnership with a UK based corporation, Carillion plc that produced a new firm that had not only provided the company with such specialized management skills but a new avenue of doing business. While the United Utilities maybe serving only to provide strategic asset management but in most of these strategic alliances, Emaar is opening a new firm while it also caters to the needs of the company. In general, the strategic alliances of Emaar with other business corporation are working well with them.

These alliances enables them to pursue aggressive expansion without worrying or being bothered by domestic problems as these can be handled by the firms they formed out of their strategic alliances. Their company’s operation in the region and in the international market is not hampered by any problems relating to maintenance of facility, service repairs, and other similar types of problems, as these issues are being handled by joint venture companies. Emaar proves by these alliances that the company is indeed the worlds leading property-based company

Among the facilities that are expected to provide them with working capital in the future is the syndicated Mushraka facility, which is also a multi-national partnership. This partnership can provide an important link with the regions leading financial companies. Thus, the growth of Emaar towards becoming the worlds leading Real Estate Property Company can be traced in part with their strategic alliances. Mr. Alabbar statement himself confirms the company’s strategic alliance was productive for the company.

But along wit this strategic alliance, Mr. Alabbar stated that Emaar will focused on satisfying their customer by assessing, monitoring, and improve the level of satisfaction of the customer. In other words, Emaar is committed to provide a quality service, and a quality product that will satisfy their customer. Conclusion Emaar has made tremendous economic progress thru strategic alliances that have not only provided them with technical expertise in the strategic asset management but it give them a fresh opportunity of doing new business.

Its objective of becoming a provider of world class and quality lifestyle for people compelled its every system to implement the change. Emaar has successfully build itself as a respectable and world’s leading property developer, who has withstood the challenges of the turbulent period of the real estate markets. The company is growing steadily despite the issues that it is currently facing. Foremost of these issues is the 1. 2 billion dollars breach of contract filed by a Saudi based company.

The company’s hefty economic portfolio of delivered projects and its massive development projects both in the region and in the international market proves that Emaar is the most sought property developer. Emaar’s construction of iconic high rice buildings, the construction of important development projects such as Dubai Marina and other important facilities made the company attractive to investors and the company’s product appealing to customer as it bears standards and excellence associated to the company’s image. It is a brand of excellence and modernized lifestyle.

With the company’s commitment to property development there is no doubt that the company is en route to becoming a one-stop provider of quality lifestyle options from property to retail, health care, education, hospitality and leisure, and finance and industry which is geared towards achieving their vision 2010 which is becoming one of the most valuable companies in the world. Recommendation Emaar is currently heading towards its prime objective, which is to become the world’s most valuable company with its key strategy of achieving “Vision 2010. ” It has all the means to accomplish the tasks and take hold of the opportunity.

The company is then committed to enlarge its influence on business clusters through which, its desire for growth will be executed. The following recommendations are perceived to be very important in conceptualizing progressive plans in the near future. First is the development of the organization that maximizes its control over all subsidiary companies. Many companies fail to meet the growing needs of the business because its controlling policies and guidelines are limited; but a global company that understand management scheme will create comprehensive and holistic organization.

Second is the creation of a healthy public relation among its clientele. Currently, Emaar has established bond with its shareholders and business clusters around the world, which should be strengthened more as relational crisis arise. Third, the company must create a team that will be responsible in addressing special cases such as in United States wherein profits submerged that threatened the financial performance of the company.

In case for some geographical, political or cultural characteristics may permit loss, the team with expertise on project management and organizational development must take charge to eliminate problems.

Work Cited

Bardsley, Daniel Emaar Initiatives to deal with Resident’s Issues http://www. zawya. com/printstory. cfm? storyid=GN10025837&l=000000060316 Gulp News 2006. Emaar announces Service Fees for Greens and Dubai Marina Phase 1. http://www. emaar. com/MediaCenter/PressReleases/October10. asp Emaar and Carillion plc Join to form Emrill

http://www. menafn. com/qn_news_story_s. asp? StoryId=1931 Emaar denies 1. 2 Billion Dollars legal suit http://www. khaleejtimes. com/DisplayArticleNew. asp? xfile=data/theuae/2007/September/theuae_September330. xml&section=theuae&col= 12 September 2007 Emaar educates residents on the need for preventive maintenance of homes. http://www. emaar. com/MediaCenter/PressReleases/2006October26. asp Emaar Forms Joint Venture with UK-based United Utilities for Utility Infrastructure Management http://www. ameinfo. com/141563. html

Emaar Refutes Saudi Fir’s Claim http://www. arabianbusiness. com/500146-emaar-refutes-saudi-firms-claims Emaar Properties Signs MoU with China News Enterprise Development Ltd. http://www. ameinfo. com/152178. html Emaar Reveals New Equity Structure to Accelerate Global Frowth, Diversification http://www. albawaba. com/en/countries/UAE/210751 Emaar Summary Annual Report 2007. http://www. emaar. com/PDF/annual_report. pdf Kattouri, Nissreen (August 2007). Emaar Properties PJSC CSR Case Study. http://www. dubai-ethics. ae/derc/PDF/EmaarCaseStudy2007. pdf

In a first for the Middle East region, a conference aiming to “educate, equip, and empower” attendees to achieve their professional and personal goals, comes to Dubai this year. Organized by and Success Resources, the Congress will be held on November 18-19, 2016 at Festival Arena in Dubai. In its 23^rd edition, the global event brings together a line-up of international speakers and influencers to address participants in the region to inspire them in their entrepreneurial pursuits.

Keynote speakers at the event include Robert Kiyosaki, businessman and author of personal finance book Rich Dad, Poor Dad, Emirati business consultant and author Ali Al Saloom, British entrepreneur and mentor Baroness Michelle Mone of Mayfair, OBE, among others. A few areas that the Congress aims to focus on are education with emphasis on “making your money work harder for you,” developing strategies for business success, for entrepreneurs, and others. Sponsors for the 2016 edition include The Dubai Business Women Council, Etihad Airways, and others.

In addition to the forum, the event is also offering entrepreneurs and business leaders attending the conference their own booths to showcase their ideas and products—however, only 40 such booths are available, and so requests for the same should be sent to info@najahi.org at the earliest. These platforms will allow exhibitors to interact with potential sponsors, VCs, government officials, etc., as well as royal dignitaries like H.E. Sheikh Nahyan Bin Mubarak Al Nahyan, UAE Cabinet Member and Minister of Culture and Knowledge Development, who will be visiting the event on its first day.

Established in 1992, National Achievers Congress is a platform that brings together experts in business, finance, personal development, and other fields to share their success stories and “inspire” participants. Sir Richard Branson, Bill Clinton, Tony Blair, and others are few well-known personalities who have been part of the Congress in the past.

Recently, over this summer there has been hundreds of children who have illegally entered the United States from Central and South America. They snuck here because a lot of their parents sent them here in search off much safer life with more opportunity ahead of them instead of being under a gruesome government control over in there home country.

I believe they should be sent back to their country because, these kids could potentially be a liar and or a threat to our countries safety, and it is unconstitutional to make exceptions for anyone that doesn’t bide by the law, especially if they’re not a United States citizen, that entered the U. S illegally. Unfortunately, no matter how bad any kid could’ve had it in a South American country, we ultimately can not trust there word because nobody’s word is just completely reliable, they could be lying and be someone completely different then what they’re telling us whether they are a kid or not.

Without undeniable proof that they really did come here to escape their country, then we have too assume they’re lying in order to ensure the safety to our fellow American citizens. Furthermore, even If they have proof that they really did come to our country seeking help and opportunity, they still would have to go through the Immolation and citizenship gaining process Just like everyone else who has and wants to migrate too the United States to become a citizen.

Therefore to sum It up, there may be many kids who want and need help that came here from their troubled country, but we as a country can not put ourselves In danger as a whole for people from somewhere else. America has their own problems to worry about and exceptions can not and should not be made for people who could be potential threats to our country.

Proposal

Emirates Airlines

The Aviation Industry

Many analysts like Yeung (1998) argued that the Gulf War, worldwide recession and terrorist attacks had put an end to the growth in the airline industry. For the first time since 1945, air travel had actually declined worldwide. The airline industry is rapidly creating integrated global airlines. These global airlines often have local partners for particular segments of service, but each airline retains a distinct global identity and marketing philosophy. The carriers benefit from the ability to offer end- to-end service to minimize interconnection problems for passengers. They profit from the economies of their hub systems for the use of aircraft, and, most vitally, they benefit from integrated information systems to manage pricing, seating capacity, aircraft scheduling, and passenger booking. The analogies for communications include control over low-cost infrastructure, sophisticated tariffing and traffic management schemes, and proprietary software for service applications (Yeung 1998).

According to Adams, De Lollis & Hansen (2008), airlines worldwide have been trying to strike a balance between cooperation and competition. They have been seeking alternatives to their conventional merger and acquisition strategies, such as strategic alliances, to expand services rapidly and to buttress market share without undertaking the difficult task of acquiring a rival. Many airlines are still partially owned by their respective nations, and treaties between them determine which airlines can land in which locations. To get around national laws and regulatory problems and to compete effectively, airlines have formed global networks and individual alliances major airlines from the United States, Europe, and Asia-Pacific have forged their own alliance groups to offer better services internationally. It is estimated that international travel will grow faster than domestic U.S. travel. Consequently, carriers find it advantageous to create collaborative ventures with international carriers as an entry point into new markets (Culpan 2002). This venture requires effective business management and strategy.

With regards to the current era, management of business organizations is a vital aspect affecting its success in the industry. Without the use of an effective management, many aviation businesses, companies, corporations and business organizations including will not be able to cope with the changes and the challenges that come their way. Because of this importance, business organizations must be able to generate strategies and ways to improve their performance, to ensure its good performance and establish its pleasant reputation in the market. With this, an evaluation of different aspects in the aviation business is crucial, including its brand, global operation, current overall global strategy, management, and its key issues and problems. These aspects are important to take note of to be able to assess the overall performance of the whole business organization.

Company Profile

In 1985, The Emirates or Emirates Airlines was created.  The creation of said airline was backed-up by Dubai’s royal family with $10 million start-up capital.  The first two aircraft of the airline is Boeing 727s which is from Dubai Air Wing. The first 9-months of operation of the Airline was so promising and predicted as profitable business. After a year, the Gulf Air, one of the major competitors of Emirates Airline declared a loss. In 1986, the Emirates Airline continuously increased the number of networks they are engaged in. The airline added Dhaka, Colombo, Cairo and Amman, to its route network.  And by 1987, the Airline was serving 11 destinations.[1]

Actually, The Emirates Airline and also known as Emirates was a major airline in the Middle East. It is also the national airline of Dubai, UAE. Basically, the airline was a subsidiary of “The Emirates Group”. As of 2008, the airline became the eighth-largest airline in the world in terms of international passengers carried.[2] Aside from this, The Emirates Airline was also known as the 5th-largest in the world in terms of scheduled international passenger-kilometers flown.[3] With the centre of network in Dubai International Airport, Emirates operates in 101 destinations in 61 countries over 6 continents (e.g. Asia, Australia, Middle East, America, Africa and Europe).

Aim and Objectives of the Study

The primary aim of this study is to examine the current management practices of Emirates Airline. To address this aim, the researcher explores the nature of Emirates Airline business practices and the continuous changes that it gives to aviation industry in UAE.

The objectives of this study are:

Ø  To analyze the current internal and external environment of Emirates Airline.

Ø  To evaluate the challenges brought by the current global crisis to Emirates Airline.

Ø  To investigate the impact of current business practices of Emirates Airline to the next 5 years of aviation industry.

Ø  To develop specific recommendations with regards to the progress of Emirates Airline.

References:

Adams, M De Lollis, B ; Hansen, B 2008, “Fliers in for pain as airlines pack it in”. USA Today. Available at: ;http://www.usatoday.com/travel/flights/2008-06-03-airlines-cuts-flights-fares_N.htm; Retrieved on:  2009-20-04;.

Culpan, R 2002, Global Business Alliances: Theory and Practice, Quorum Books, Westport, Connecticut.

Yeung, H 1998, Trans-national Corporations and Business Networks: Hong Kong Firms in the ASEAN Region, Routledge, London.

[1] http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/The-Emirates-Group-Company-History.html
[2] From http://www.iata.org/ps/publications/wats-passenger-carried.htm
[3] From http://www.iata.org/ps/publications/wats-passenger-km.htm