Essay about Water Scarcity

Abstract Well, human is facing a serious challenge of water resource which will be delectated. Therefore I collect some reference from Internet. My thesis is that I will use increase water supply as my original solution which transfers the salt sea water into fresh water. (Water solution methods in appendices)The purpose is searching how to reduce water scarcity in my country. Besides, I will talk about three issues the uneven distribution, water pollution and hard water in China, then I am supposed to provide one method which is desalination to dress the scarcity.
My method can transport the 97% sea water to the fresh water in order to solve the water scarcity. Introduction Now people have witnessed the rapid development of the world through using a lot of nature resources like oil, coal and water. The environment problem becomes more serious, for example the 20 lakes in China dry up each year. Over the past 50 years country has lost more than 1000 natural water reservoirs. This is almost 10000 km2of the water surface. The main reason of this is the active development of industry.
China overuses fresh water. Industrial waste water entering the lakes contains chemical compounds came from metallurgy, textile, pharmaceutical, food, pulp and paper industries. (G. T. Frumin, 2011)For the whole world, if people don’t have water, human cannot survive anymore. Absolutely, water is dominative in biosphere as a whole, like the water circulation, climate, agriculture and so forth. Every animal in the earth cannot alive without water; also water is an excellent solvent which can transport the nutrient and waste products.

Actually, the water is transparent to visible and ultraviolet light. This means that (pure) water is colorless and allows light to penetrate, thus allowing photosynthesis to take place at considerable depths. That are why water is so important in biosphere. Let’s see the history of the water scarcity. If we trace the origin of the point, I think we can say the First Industry Revolution. After Britain open the world and do into a fast-paced development. Myriad resources have been used to invent the technologies, involving water.
After that, many countries waste plenty of water in order to become stronger. Some now many countries are depleted the water. Hence, my purpose is searching how to reduce water scarcity in China. The thesis statement is that I will use method that increase water supply as my original method which transfer the salty water into fresh water. Methodology My topic is that discusses the issues and serves a practical method for the problem. In order to make the information convincing, I have found several websites information to embody the topic.
I will search for issues, the uneven water distribution, water pollution, and hard water, and find some current action solving the problems. Then, I will suggest some laws and suggests for the water scarcity. Besides, I will use folder and charts to clear my information. The research can me understand the problems and solution. It is because various and accurate information might indicate a significant number of factors about issues meanwhile tremendous detail also might confirm it. Finding Table 1. 0 water issues affecting China today |description |Current plan | |Issue 1 |Water is uneven distribute |transfer the water from south to the north | |Issue 2 |Water pollution |Harness and formulate more laws( organization) | |Issue 3 |Some water can not drink ( salty , hard) | Chemical reaction |
As you can see from the table, although China is a big country, it still meets 3 main fresh water issues. Firstly, the amount of fresh water for everyone is very small. Although the China accounted for approximate 6% amount fresh water resource in the world, the average of each Chinese people is lower than the average of world (around 20%). It is because there is a substantial proportion of land in China (thirst in world) meanwhile there is a sizable percentage of population in china (about13 billion). China supports 20 percent of the world population with only 7 percent of its water.
China has roughly the same amount of water as the United States but five times the population. The shortages are particularly acute in northern China where half the population lives with only 15 percent of China’s water. (Jeffrey Hays 2013) As a consequence, the fresh water resource might distribute unbalanced in difference areas in China. For example, in Beijing, Hangzhou, the big south cities in China, people have lot water, so they always waste the water and don’t build the awareness of saving water. But in some dry places, like Shanxi, the rural people even have no water to drink. It is unfair for people in those areas. Uneven distribution water graph in the appendices) Secondly, water pollution and water stress is reached a primary issue in a massive amount of city in China. Water shortages and water pollution in China are such a problem that the World Bank warns of “catastrophic consequences for future generations. ” To be more exact that there were total of 600 cities was investigated and around 400 cities witnessed huge water pollution or water stress. Half of China’s population lacks safe drinking water. Nearly two thirds of China’s rural population—more than 500 million people—use water contaminated by human and industrial waste. Jeffrey Hays 2012) Ultimately, another water issue is that there is a considerable quantity of water which cannot be used efficiently by numerous citizen and manufacture. For example, the water is too hard to drink. In my hometown, Zhengzhou, the water is hard, if the water is boiling, there always lefts a lot of water logging which means the water contains many Ca and Mg. In America, since 1972, they have published the law about the water scarcity and safety. But China doesn’t have the completely law to limit the water scarcity. There have three methods to solve all the problems.
According to uneven water distribution, China has run a method that transports the water from rich south area to the poor north area. Thus, people who live in north can have more water. Second, here are many solutions are suggested in China. A famous project named South-to-North Water Diversion Project (NSBD. 2008,) is established in 2000s in China which is used to relive the water stress of northern areas like Shanxi; meanwhile a significant number of money is invested to clean the water which had contaminated and project the recent fresh water.
Third, the water in many cities cannot eat because it is hard and salty. So, China now uses some chemical to moderate the hard water and spill some wells to help people drink more fresh water. Discussion I prefer to increase water supply as my original solution . People now have invented many ways to address the scarcity of water problems. I have discussed three in my finding. According to the first issue which is the uneven water distribution, I think the desalination method is the most useful way, and I believe it can solve the problem of the shortage of the water.
Water desalination is the removal of salts and dissolved solids from saline water (brackish or seawater), also known as Desalting or Desalinization. In addition to the removal of minerals, the process removes most biological or organic chemical compounds. Most desalination processes are based either on thermal distillation or membrane separation technologies. (SWP2011) Seawater desalination is an increasingly important solution to the rising water scarcity afflicting many of the world’s regions. In the world, the proportion of sea water is 97. 47%, the fresh water is only 2. 3%. So if human can transfer this huge amount sea water to fresh water, human will have more fresh water to drink, and survive. Many countries like mid eat and more than 125 countries have attempted these way, because it is economical and efficient. More than 70 % people live near the sea in 120 miles. Besides, the water in the earth is 78%. Thus, it is a really large number for the water scarcity. Human can use less money and get more water in the future. The countries have experimented many times and this method has become more perfect. Conclusion and Recommendation
In the statement of findings, I created a new solution of using fresh water effectively, I believe it will be enacted by government, because this solution needs a few investments, but it might a huge advantage of making more fresh water in the future. Through using desalination methods, people can transfer the 97% sea water into fresh water for people. As I said, it is a huge potential area for water scarcity. If these can completely use in China, people in the dry areas will have water to drink and survive. Reference G. T. Frumin (2011) Fresh water lakes in China. [Online]. Available at: http://wenku. baidu. om/view/9d4aa2be65ce050876321339. html [Accessed 9 March 2013] Jeffrey Hays (2013) FACTS AND DETAILS [Online]. Available at: http://factsanddetails. com/china. php? itemid=317 [Accessed 9 March 2013] Jeffrey Hay (2012) FACTS AND DETAILS [Online] Available at: http://factsanddetails. com/china. php? itemid=391 [Accessed 9 March 2013] NSBD (2008) China daily [Online] Available at: http://usa. chinadaily. com. cn/business/2012-12/05/content_15989621. htm [Accessed 9 March 2013] SWP (2011) International decade for action ‘water for life’ 2005-2015 [Online]. Available at: http://www. un. org/waterforlifedecade/scarcity. html [Accessed 9 March 2013] Appendices Chart 2. 0 Water supply in the world [pic] Table 2. 0 Water solution | |Water supply |Water demand | |Increase water supply |increase |same | |Decrease water supply |same |decrease | |both |increase |decrease |