Ethos

Drug abuse is a use of illegal drugs or the use of prescription or over-the-counter drugs for purposes other than for which they are meant to be used, or in large amount. Many people don’t understand why or how other people become addicted to drugs. They may mistakenly think that those who use drugs lack moral principles or willpower and that they could stop their drug use simply by choosing to. Drugs addiction is complex disease and quitting usually takes more than good intentions or a strong will. Drugs change the brain in ways that make quitting hard, even for those who want to. Drug abuse has a few causes and effects. A few causes for example family addiction of drug, social pressure and mental health. With the effects of social development, risky behaviors, physical health, and psychological wellbeing.

Family Addiction of Drug

Family of drug addiction, including both immediate family members and often sometimes extended family members as well, plays a part in some way by the individual substance abuse. It affects them mentally and physically. In every family everyone plays an important role that helps the family to maintain a level of homeostasis, stability, and balance. the effect of drug abuse on family varies, but when the substance abuse is added to this dynamic, the family roles naturally shift to adjust to the new behaviors with drugs (“Krystian Murray”2019).

But a child growing up seeing a parent or both parents that is addict to drugs it has a major affection on the child “since they’re still developing their personalities and are vulnerable to external influences, they run risk of repeating such behaviors” (paragraph two). The child will start to isolate themselves from their parent, they’ll have trouble developing relationships as a result. They’ll troubles in social situations and often engage in fantasy paly to distract themselves both emotionally and physically for the negative environment.

When this occurs during childhood, they start to act out and the patterns continues to evolve throughout adulthood. Form going through these things throughout their childhood they are a mostly at a high risk to fall into their parent footsteps.

Social pressure

(“Addiction Glossary” 2018) Peer pressure can have a high impact on teens decisions, especially when its coming from their friends. Friends plays a major role in how kids make decisions. Teenagers are easily influence they see kid do something and the instantly think they must do the same thing just to fit in. they’ll make decisions based on what they peers will think of them if don’t make the poor decisions that can affect their behaviors. Once they start to use drugs, they like to hang around those using too and start to use frequently, which lead to risky behavior depending on what the is being taken and how much, dangerous and harmful consequences can result such as choosing to ride with a driver who is impaired by drugs, committing crimes while under the influence of drugs, and engaging in dangerous or unplanned sexual behaviors.

All these behaviors can lead to some severe consequences such as unplanned pregnancies, physical injury, assault and rape, psychological problems or even death. Risky behaviors become substance abuse problems. Since drug user like to spend time with people that shear the same habits as them, they may encourage other teens to join in so they can have more people to socialize with, occurring to (“the arbor behavior health care” 2018). They take chances under peer pressure and take the risky chances to experiment with substance es, can be the precursors to serious and long-term addiction.

From the article (“substance abuse and mental health” 2019 paragraph one) When you are struggling with both substance abuse problems and mental health issues such as depression, or anxiety, it is called a co-occurring disorder or dual diagnosis. With dealing with substance abuse, or drug addiction it is not easy, especially when you’re struggling with mental health problems. Depression is a serious medical illness that involves the brain. its more that’s just feeling down for a few days.

You lose interest or pleasure in activities you use to enjoy, feelings of worthlessness, and even thought of suicidal. all these symptoms could lead to drug use, as some people with mental health problem may misuse these substances as a form of self- medication. Substance abuse causes side effects in the long run make the symptoms worse. It also increases the symptoms of mental illness or may trigger new symptoms. Combining drugs with prescription medication could make the medication less effective at managing symptoms. If their prescription strong adding an illegal drug could lead to death.

Using or abusing drugs could lead to lifetime health issues, damage childhoods or even life or death situations. So, think before you turn to drugs. For teens it’s okay not to fit in it okay to be called a loser or a lame. You shouldn’t have to change who you are or try new things to make friends. if you are getting pressure by a friend to do something that could harm you, they are not your friend say no to drugs it’s not worth your life or your health. Adults think about your kids and their future and how it will affect them in thee childhood and in adult hood make the right choices and say no to drugs.

If someone did you a favor, something big, something that you could not do on your own, and instead of paying it back, you paid it forward to three people. Imagine the next day, they each paid it forward to three more people. And imagine the day after, those 27 people each paid it forward to another three people. Then each day afterwards, everyone in turn paid it forward to three more people; in two weeks that comes to 4,782,969 people.

This is the idea that gives the movie Pay It Forward such persuasive appeal. The specific persuasive purpose is to get people to think how such a simple idea can make a big difference. Another persuasive goal of the movie was to get people to not be afraid to help others, and tell those people to help other like they were helped. The idea must follow these three rules: First, It has to be something that really helps people. Second, It has to be something they can’t do by themselves. Lastly, if I do it for them, they do it for three other people (Pay It Forward 2000).

The title of the movie is Pay It Forward; it was released into the theatre on October 20, 2000 nationwide. The director was Mimi Leder who did other films such as Peacemaker and Deep Impact. The screenwriter was Leslie Dixon, known for Overboard, That Old Feeling, Mrs. Doubtfire, Look Who’s Talking Now, co writer of The Thomas Crown Affair and Smoke & Mirrors. The basis of this movie is from the best-selling novel Pay It Forward written by Catherine Ryan Hyde.

The movie received mixed reviews from film critics the most common was the one written by www.rottentomatoes.com, which said, “Pay It Forward has strong performances from Spacey, Hunt, and Osment, but the movie itself is too emotionally manipulative and the ending is bad. This is not to say the movie is bad at being persuasive just because the movie is emotionally manipulative, and the fact that the ending is bad is purely opinionative. This shows the moviells good use of pathos by using strong acting and a persuasive plot.

The plot of the movie is a school social studies assignment leads to acts of kindness that spread from city-to-city. When assigned to come up with some idea that will improve the world, a seventh grader boy Trevor McKinney (Haley Joel Osment) decides that if he can do three good deeds for someone and they in turn can “pay it forward” and so forth, then the world might be a better place. Initially the plan appears to fail, but it is indeed a success that is not immediately known by Trevor. The plan was traced back to it original source by a reporter (Jay Mohr) who received a brand new jaguar as a pay it forward gift when his car got totaled.

The initial people Trevor tries to help are a heroin addict (James Cavaziel) whom he brings home, lets him sleep in his garage, and gives him a little money to get his life together. The second is Mr. Simonet (Kevin Spacey) a badly scarred teacher who cannot accept a change of routine in his life. He then tries to help his poorly recovering alcoholic mother Arlene McKinney (Helen Hunt).

Lastly, he tries to stand up for his schoolmate who gets beat up after school on a daily basis. Both Mr. Simonet and Trevor share the same problem abusive fathers who beat their spouses, so they have common outlooks on life. Trevor fears for his mom, particularly because of his brutal alcoholic father (Jon Bon Jovi) who tries to move back in their home. Arlene also has mental anguish from her childhood with a homeless, alcoholic mother (Angie Dickinson), who helped the reporter trace the good deeds back to Trevor.

In one of the beginning scenes, Gene Simonet (Kevin Spacey) is a seventh grade social studies teacher. He asks the class, What does the world want from you? Trevor McKinney (Haley Joel Osment) answers, Nothing. Mr. Simonet replies, You are absolutely right, you are in seventh grade you can’t drive, can’t vote, heck you can’t even go to the bathroom without a pass from me, but not forever, one day you will be free. He continues, But what if on that day your free, you haven’t prepared you are not ready and then you look around and you don’t like what the world is.

What if the world is just a big disappointment? One of the kids in the class replies, We’re screwed! Mr. Simonet says, Unless, you take the things you don’t like about this world and you flip them upside down on their ass. You can start that today. This is your assignment extra credit it goes on all year long. On the board written in chalk it says: Think of an idea to change our world and put it into Action! Everyone in the class complains about how weird, strange, and hard it is. Mr. Simonet then very slowly replies, How about possible, it’s possible. The realm of possibility exists in each of you. So you can do it or you can just sit back and let it atrophy.

This is where Trevor gets his motivation. The first persuasive purpose was to get people to think how such a simple idea can make a big difference. Trevoris idea of paying it forward to change the world is an example of logos. It says if we pay it forward to three people, those three pay it forward, and so on, then theoretically it could change the world. Trevor establish ethos not by being some great thinker of his time, or by winning an award, but by getting derived credibility. He does it by being a truly caring and honest person who wants to change the world. Audiences trust a young innocent kid more than anyone else because he appeals to their ideas of good).

This shows how pathos is being used to affect the emotions of people. Lastly, the other persuasive appeal being used is the narrative sequence of the film. The movie starts off with the reporter receiving an extraordinary gift in time of crisis, and he wants to find out why? He then tracks it down to a social studies assignment done by a seventh grader. This helps show that one small idea and act of kindness can spread so widely if people were just more aware and helped those in need.

Things can be Later in an interview with the reporter Trevor says, “The world is not exactly shit. changed, but only if people are not afraid. The other persuasive goal was to get people to not be afraid to help others, and tell those people to help other like they were helped. This was shown with Trevor’s first beneficiary of kindness. When he invites a strange young man whom his homeless back to his house to eat a normal meal and have a place to sleep. This build ethos; anyone who invites a homeless drug addict in their house must really not be afraid.

This shows he is not a hypocrite and helps build derived credibility. He also helps his mom get her life back together, even when Arlene did not want Trevor’s help he was persistent till she finally accepted it. His mom pays it forward by helping her mom get back on her feet, and the good deeds spread. This is an example of logos because it shows the audience the plan can work if you are not afraid.

The movie uses several devices to add to the persuasive appeal. The number one device used would be a play on the emotions of the audience or pathos. For example, when the mom slaps Trevor she realizes what years of abuse and alcohol has done to her. Now she understands that she really does need Trevor’s help even if it is from her own son. Also, when they show the heroin addict walking across a bridge there is a woman about to jump off, and he approaches her to try to talk her out of it. She tells him that her life is not worth saving, but he responds, How about saving my life and just have one cup of coffee with me.!! This is a play on words, when he tells her not jumping will not only save her life but will also save his life.

Another scene was when Mr. Simonet who has been dating Arlene gets dumped for Trevoris real father, who is still an abusive alcoholic. Mr. Simonet tells about how bad it affects Trevor, and how she cannot understand because it happened to him. He tells about how he ran away, but came back to protect his own mother. When he tried to break up a fight between his parents, and his father hits with a shovel, which knocks him unconscious and tries to burn him to death. This is where he gets his horrible scars all over his body. This scene is definitely a tearjerker. This is a way of building pathos on the subplot of the movie that spousal abuse not only affects the one getting hurt, but the children suffer silent repercussions as well.

Near the end of the movie the reporter finds Trevor and does an interview with him about the ideas behind [pay it forward). The next scene he gets killed trying to protect his schoolmate from being beat up. Then for the last four minutes of the movie it is quite except for the song by Steve Earle Open your Window, a news reporter announcing that Trevor has died, and they play a little bit of his interview. This is used to make you not take your mind off Trevor, and to think about how even though he has passed don’t forget what he said about how to change the world. The movie wants you not to think of Trevor’s death as a reason to give up, but instead as reason to help those around us by being attentive of those in need. This is an extremely good use of pathos because you will want to cry and go out help people at the same time.

The target audience for this movie is everyone, but it does use a lot of stereotypes. For example, one of the people benefited by Pay it forward is this young black male, who turns out to be a drug using. gang member, that lies and steals. Another stereotype used is that all homeless people are drug- addicts or alcoholics; the first person Trevor helps and Trevor’s grandmother show examples of this. These two uses of stereotypes might hurt the movies logos towards these two groups. Yet, at the end of the movie people of all ages, race, and gender gather at Trevor’s home to put flowers and candles to mourn his death.

This is done so that audiences will not think the filmmakers used a demographic audience analysis. They want to show that every type of person can use help because they know people are egocentric, and only want what will benefit them. At the same time they show that everyone needs to help each other not just their peers. The last closing seconds the camera slowly raises from ground level to high up in the sky showing all the cars coming from all around to pay their respect. This is to show how many peoples lives pay it forward has affected. This type of camera angle builds logos by using imagery to show that it is reasonable and evident enough to affect that many lives.

The movie makes you dislike only one group of people, but they are commonly disliked by society already. This husbands who are alcoholic, abusive towards their spouse and children, and come in and out of their family’s life to cause trouble. This is shown with Mr. Simonet the teacher who was beaten and burned by his father for defending his mother. It also takes place with Arlene McKinney who was abused as a child by different men that her mother brought home, and with Trevor watches as his mom keeps taking back his abusive alcoholic father. So overall, I do not think it will affect the persuasive appeal by damaging its logos.

In general the movie has a lot of persuasive tools used to build ethos, logos, and pathos. The movie clearly states its persuasive goals, that is to get people to think how such a simple idea can make a big difference, to get people to not be afraid to help others, and tell those people to help other like they were helped. These goals were accomplished easily with the great acting, and through the use of establishing credibility, providing evidence, convincing with reason, and using emotional appeal to capture the audience. The movies only flaw was in using stereotypical characters like all young black males are criminals, and all homeless people live on the streets cause the are either alcoholics or drug-addicts. Overall, the movie shows an accurate persuasive argument for helping change the world.

In Stephen Pressfield’s book, The Warrior Ethos, the Marine Corp warrior spirit is outlined. Pressfield analyzes the beginnings of Warrior Ethos through ancient warrior cultures. Ethos refers to the guiding beliefs or ideals that characterize a community, or a culture. Understanding this definition allows us to understand how today’s warriors embody this Warrior Ethos. As new Marines, the indoctrination of the Marine Corps Values: honor, courage, and commitment begin upon stepping onto the yellow footprints. Paralleling the roots of the Warrior Ethos and the Marine Corps underscores the character required to serve in the Corps.

Pressfield states the roots of the Warrior Ethos can be traced to the beginning of human existence. In the beginning, it was man’s primal need to survive that exists between man and self, man and man, and man and his environment. In the collective wisdom of banding together, a social ethos begins to develop within the tribe. This tribal culture and primal need to survive was on display in the Sparta, Infant Spartan males who did not meet their tribe’s rule of physicality were left to the wolves. Young boys were taken and turned into warriors. The entire warrior culture was supported by all its members to include its mothers and women. Mothers longed to see their sons win in battle or die valiantly in fighting the enemy.

This Warrior Ethos begins as family members support their Marines to enlist. It is taught at Boot with the removal of “I” for Marines. Marines are taught to think about the collective needs of their brothers and the Corps. Marines are tested on their spiritual, physical, and mental readiness to serve the Corps. If they are not prepared in all three domains, a recruit will not successfully become a Marine. The Marine Corps’ value of Commitment is tested early and often.

This same sense of self-preservation from the individual and tribe leads to three competing impulses: shame, honor, and love. According to Pressfield, each of these impulses implies moral judgment that leads to an ethical code that explicitly or implicitly defines wrong, right, good, evil, cowardness, and depravity. And, as a group, this ethical code becomes normed.

The Marine Corps’ ethical code of conduct is highlighted in the Marine Corps Values of Honor and Courage. Marines are urged to do their jobs with dedication and passion, as Marines and Riflemen first, and then within our military occupational specialty. Further, General Mattis captured the Marine Corps’ sense of tribalism in the book entitled “No Better Friend, No Worse Enemy.” adapted from a Roman general Lucius Cornelius Sulla. As Marines, we must keep our ethical code and conduct to engage in a war that may have us serving a humanitarian mission on one corner and engaging the enemy on the next corner. We must show uncompromising personal integrity and hold others accountable as well.

Moreover, as Pressfield describes another Warrior Ethos, Courage, which is embraced in the Marine Core Values. Marines can overcome and endure adversity and stay in the fight. Pressfield narrates a Marine Corp example wherein a Gunnery Sergeant is speaking to his Marines on their rewards: financial and psychological. The financial salary is meager, but the psychological salary is intangible: pride; honor; integrity; valor; glory; and brothers willing to lay down their life for you are among those.

And finally, Pressfield describes how another Warrior Ethos is love. This ethos seems to be counterintuitive to a Marine from an outside perspective. Others may view our time away from them as a selfish act. However, Marines live a life of selflessness. The group comes before the individual. The greater good of the people we protect comes before our own needs. And it is through this precept that Marines will follow a good leader into battle without hesitation, as he is placing himself in danger too. Marines must have the will to victory.

Finally, as Pressfield describes, Marines are warriors living in a civilian society. At times, the Marine may question his ability to connect to home or other civilian places. After all, the Marine enlisted to be one of the few, the proud and to earn the Eagle, Globe, and Anchor. Pressfield points out that warriors may not understand their worth if no longer affiliated with their tribe. Pressfield does not view this as a disadvantage to the warrior, but rather, an opportunity to reapply the Warrior Ethos into a civilian job.

In conclusion, Pressfield’s The Warrior Ethos is a practical guide for Marines today. There are parallels throughout the book with the Marine Corps Values, and provides alternate points of views from past warriors on how they are applied.

Works Cited

• Pressfield, Steven. 2011, www.trngcmd.marines.mil/Portals/207/Docs/SOI-W/MCTB/Student-
• Resources/Reference-2_The_Warrior_Ethos.pdf?ver=2018-10-12-135250-303.
  Accessed 16 Nov. 19.

The article “Me Talk Pretty One Day” is written by Davis Sedaris and it was published in 2000. Sedaris was born in New York and grew up in Raleigh, North Carolina. He is a playwright and essayist. In the article Sedaris did a good job by appealing to pathos by describing how he and his classmates felt when his teacher belittled them all trying to learn how to speak French. It appealed to Ethos by the methods his teacher used to teach his classmates French. It also appeals to humor by using gibberish.

In the article, Sedaris tells the story of his time in Paris while taking a French class taught by an abrasive teacher. He describes his struggles learning the language and the acquaintances he makes along the way, effectively engaging the reader’s sense of humor.

Sedaris appealed to Pathos by describing in detail what he felt on the first day of his class when he met his teacher, seeing his classmates being depreciated and becoming a target for belittling him. Sedaris paints a vivid picture of how he felt each time his teacher insulted each student’s introduction and the annoying feeling of what to say in his introduction. Sedaris goes on to explain how he felt each time he began to feel discouraged when his teacher continually insulted him, even though he spent hours at work in class.

He got to the point where he started to feel discouraged outside the classroom. He even started to avoid situations that forced him to speak outside the classroom. For example “My fear and discomfort crept beyond the borders of the classroom and accompanied me out onto the wide boulevards. Stopping for a coffee, asking directions, depositing money in my bank account: these things were out of the question, as they involved having to speak.” (Sedaris, 55)

Sedaris appealed to Ethos by showing the unorthodox way of how he began to understand French after all the insults he got from his teacher. Throughout the excerpt one would think Sedaris would not learn French with the constant harsh criticism of his teacher, but towards the end he had a breakthrough and understood everything his teacher said. Sedaris tries to explain through his experiences that sometimes when learning a language you have to learn in different ways than the traditional ways. Even though getting harsh criticism and belittlement isn’t normally what is given by a teacher when learning a new language, it could be the first step to understanding the language rather than jumping right in and get straight into the meat and potatoes of speaking a new language.

Sedaris appeal to by humor using gibberish as a means of French. The gibberish symbolized the way he did not understand what his teacher said even if he had taken a month before leaving for France. Thinking he was prepared, “I’m not completely in the dark, yet I only understood half of what this woman said.” (Sedaris, 53) It was a revelation for David; even though he thought he was prepared, he was not as prepared as he thought. But as time goes on, gibberish slowly turns into real words indicating that Sedaris was slowly learning and understanding what others were saying. The Sedaris text helps the audience understand a similar moment for learning a new language.

The overall point of this essay was to amuse and entertain while showcasing his own experiences and I think he did a fantastic job. His use of Ethos and Pathos was very effective throughout the text. Sedaris colorfully tells readers about how his teacher would insult every student during introductions, their experiences in the classroom with what he described as a wild animal and feeling discouraged enough to avoid making a fool out of himself outside of the classroom. (646)

Adolf Hitler’s February 10, 1933 rhetorical speech that was able to manipulate a whole nation of individuals in the wake of a deep depression. His persuasive words resonated with the German’s and almost lead to the extermination of the Jewish race. With the aide of strategically used pathos, ethos and logos Adolf Hitler was able to accomplish what he set out to do, be the savior and guiding light to the country he loved, he lived and he ultimately died for.

Proclamation to the German Nation

On February 10, 1933, the people of Berlin a country desperate for a way out of an economic downfall that had torn the country apart patiently waited for their newly appointed chancellor, Adolf Hitler, to address the nation. His presence and demeanor were one of confidence and intellect, his charisma bountiful and endearing. The words he chose were articulate and exactly what millions of desperate citizens needed to hear at that precise moment, Hitler was going to make changes for the better of the country and its people. Hitler made it clear that he was Germany’s only chance to once again become a proud and powerful nation like it once was, he was their savior.

Hitler delivered his speech to an eager live audience of supporters and to the thousands more that listened intently over the radio to what their newly appointed chancellor had to say. He understood that his primary audience that stood before him came from a higher social class than his secondary audience that listened to his persuasive word over the radio in the town square.

Didn’t really matter the social status, Hitler had an agenda in mind he wanted to push, and both audiences were ready to accept the leadership at any cost if it meant a brighter future. Hitler knew the people were desperate for salvation from any influential individual who could promise accomplishing such tasks. Hitler spoke proudly of his country and how he was willing to fight for his people and his nation to once again rise to greatness.

The German people had nowhere else to turn and were under a deep depression when Hitler stood before them as the perfect opportunity for a way out. His effective and persuasive methods of using pathos in his speech echoed in the hearts of the German audience. Hitler’s use of key words stirred emotion and caused a positive uproar from a once fallen nation established his position as one with the people. Phrases such as our fight, we must come together and rebuild this community ourselves. Hitler’s play on words gave the people what they had been longing for a strong confident leader that stood beside them in their time of need and gave them hope that they would one day restore what was lost.

Hitler’s brilliant and memorable speech used several strategies to ensure his position in power. Not only did he use pathos to entice his people’s emotions, but he also included ethos by allowing his close associate Joseph Goebbels to introduce him. Goebbels started his speech by stating how the newspaper called him a liar and commented on his underhanded political ways. He did this to make sure the people saw the ethical appeal in Hitler and that he was a man of integrity, credibility and perseverance unlike past predecessors. Hitler further established ethos by commenting about his values and swear by the Almighty God that he would do everything in his power to make his people proud.

He made sure to use logos in his speech to establish a reasoning with his audience. The German people felt that Hitler truly understood and saw firsthand their struggle. Once he had established this credibility with the audience it was easy to get them to focus on one common enemy, an entity to blame for all the problems the German people faced. By focusing the spotlight on a specific goal gave the audience a sense of hope and a future to look forward too because their new leader was going to make a change for the better.

Moreover, it is now easier to see and understand how the manipulation of words and the persuasiveness of speech delivery can change people’s way of thinking, but to be able to convince a whole nation of your power, importance and vision is truly jaw dropping. There are many important factors and techniques that are used to make an impactful and lasting impression on an audience and Adolf Hitler used them to his advantage.

When delivering his speech, Hitler was able to connect with everyone in the crowd and make them feel that they can make a change for the better. That by uniting as one they could, together, once again make Germany great again. The confidence that Hitler instilled in his people with just his way of words is truly inspiring. He was successful with his agenda and in persuading his people that he was their trustworthy savior willing to put it all on the line for the sake of his beloved country and people. The rest is history.

Dylan Macknight Mrs. Womack Per. 6 14, September 2009. Value of Life Essay Different authors use different techniques to persuade. The three main ways of persuading are through: pathos, which uses emotions, ethos, which proves their credibility, and logos, which implies the general message. Shakespeare, Lance Armstrong, and Amanda Ripley have all written articles arguing their opinion on the value of life. Of the three articles Lance Armstrong best persuades the audience with his argument that life is very valuable and that you could better your life from something negative, through his exceptional use of both logos and pathos.

Armstrong applies the use of ethos very clearly in his article. For example, “I still don’t completely understand it; all I can do is tell you what happened”. This shows that he is writing credible work and that his ideas are non-bias. He is telling the story as is and he is not trying to lead you on. Lance also uses pathos to persuade his audience as well. An example of this would be when stated “I have cancer”. Cancer is a serious disease and the thought of having it draws on someone’s emotions quite strongly.

This quote made the reader feel sympathy for him. Overall, Armstrong did the best job at persuading. In Hamlet’s Soliloquy, Shakespeare uses ethos, pathos, and logos as an attempt to persuade his audience, but is not as effective as Armstrong. Shakespeare uses logos the most in his work. When he states “To be or not to be, that is the question”, he is portraying the message of how much his own life is worth, personally, not how valuable life is a whole. That is one downfall in Shakespeare’s work compared to Armstrongs.

Another reason Hamlet’s Soliloquy is not as successful at persuading is because in his writing there is no one else to compare and contrast their life with. Hamlet is written as somebody who is contemplating suicide. It is very hard to understand someone’s thoughts and interpret them as they were intended to be. This is what makes the soliloquy quite faulty in persuading the reader. Amanda Ripley voices her belief on what a life is worth in the article that she wrote for Time Magazine.

She argued how much money one can assign to another’s life, and if different people should be worth more or less then others. Time Magazine and CNN took a poll last month stating, “86% of the people should have received the same amount”. Who is to say that the majority of humans are worth the same dollar amount and a select few should receive more money. Many people do not agree with the way Ripley argues her opinion in “What a Life is Worth”. She states, “I am proud of what my country tried to do, I think the intention is noble”.

This shows that she had a previous opinion on the subject prior to the article that she had written. That adds a possibility that the article is prone to being bias towards her opinion. That is how Ripley failed to persuade her readers. Ultimately, of the three articles, Lance Armstrong best persuades his audience with his argument that life is very valuable and that you can better your life from something negative, through his exceptional use of logos and pathos. Many of his readers are left feeling completely persuaded by his value on life.

Adams used the rhetorical strategies of logos, ethos, and pathos to guide her son In a direction that will push him to take advantage of the world he lives in to broaden his mind and understand the importance of engaging himself in society. First, Abigail uses logos in her writing. One of her ways to push her son in the direction she wants is for him to understand that developing the things he already knows will contribute to his broadening.

She wrote, “Your knowledge of the language must give you greater advantages now than you could possibly have reaped whilst ignorant of it; and as you increase in years, you will find your understanding opening and daily Adams). She wants him to realize that if he can utilize the things he already knows, then his comprehension of life will become deeper. HIS advantage Is that he Is surrounded by countless opportunities In which he can go and apply his knowledge, but he needs to see It.

Another way Abigail tries to push him Is by telling him that, “When a mind Is raised and animated by scenes that engage the heart, then those qualities, which would otherwise lie dormant, wake into Adams). Not only is she stressing the part about him needing to utilize his knowledge, but she is also pointing out, again, that he will never know what he is capable of until he wakes it up. The use of logos is strategic because it reassures the on of what could be if he would Just look into his mind. Second, she uses ethos in her letter to her son.

Abigail claims to her son that she has met with an author and he compares “a Judicious traveler to a river, that increases Its stream the further it flows from Its source; or to certain springs, which, running through rich veins of minerals, Improve their qualities as they pass along. “(Unknown author). This Is the point she used to remind her son to take advantage of the world. He needs to be ‘a river’ and soak up all the knowledge or ‘minerals’ he can. The new knowledge will improve him as a person because it will allow his mind to broaden, plus it is an act of engaging in society and the world.

To back up her point of ethos, Abigail wrote, “All history will convince you of this, and that wisdom and penetration are the fruit of experience, not the lessons of retirement and Adams). ‘All of history is a very large statement. This furthers her want for him to go out, take advantage of his world, and experience things to expand his understanding. She reminds him that the only way to broaden one’s mind and gain wisdom and knowledge is through experience or engagement. Her strategic use of ethos can get her point across to her son that participating In life and In society will allow him to gain a variety of qualities.

Lastly, Ball used the strategy of pathos to further gulled her son. Since she Is a mother, she uses status to her advantage. In the beginning, she apologizes to make sure that her son lets go of any hostility towards her for making him go on a voyage “It will be expected of you, my son… “, “… Under the instructive eye of a tender parent… “, meet it is your lot, my son, to be an eyewitness… In your own native land… ” , ” … O have a parent who has taken so large and active a share in this contest… “, and “… Nor your country, and render your parents supremely happy, particularly your ever affectionate mother. ” These small pieces that were slipped into sentences reinforce her status. She is the mother and she has the power in the end, but she hopes he will do it on his own, with the help of this letter. Her usage of pathos is the factor that has the ability to thoroughly convince him to do her wishes. Abigail Adams knew exactly what she wanted for her son and she knew what needed to happen for him to see it as well. The letter she wrote captures all the things she hoped for him to experience and learn.

The use of rhetorical strategies allowed her to convey her wishes because each strategy, logos, ethos, and pathos, served a specific purpose. Logos showed her son why he should listen to her. Ethos let him know that his mother was not the only one to think these things. Finally, pathos was the side that enabled Abigail to use her mother status. After all of her words were written, she hoped that her son would understand how important it was to allow the world to give you knowledge and use said knowledge in return to broaden the mind and it’s horizons.