European Integration

Since the day of its establishment it endeavourers to create prosperity and stability for its citizens – the citizens that are directly or indirectly affected by the Ex.’s policy and its actions. The aim of this Union is a Just society with an attitude of solidarity that promises to support economic prosperity and to create vacancy by making their enterprises more competitive and providing their employers with new abilities and skills. The European Union represents the world’s greatest economic power and revised great financial and technical support to poorer countries. The EX. is still in progress when it comes to its composition.

There are countries that are – due to their economic situation and their attitudes – a challenge when it comes to integration into the Union. On the other hand there are countries that do not want to be a member. Norway is one of them. The reasons why Norway rejected the membership to the EX., after being asked twice, may be discussed in the following. The essay shall provide an overview of Norway pros and cons and the reasons why they still have not Joined the EX. as member. WoosГ Kola economies a management Lecturer: Peter Hamlet 2. History The human settlement of Norway goes back at least 11000 years.

The first Norwegian lived by fishing, hunting and by farming. (see Allegorists) A period which was significant for expansion is called the Viking Age. During this period, Norwegian sailed to Scotland, England, Ireland, France and also Spain. The Danes and Swedes sailed abroad, too. This is the time when Scandinavia really became a part of Europe. The Vikings were famous for: strong warriors, prisoner taking, slaves dealing, efficient merchants, craftsmen and farmers. In the Freakish Empire they were known as the Northern. This name arose, when Norway and Denmark explored this area for trade and plunder.

Norway gained more and more importance in this time. In the middle ages Norwegian population increased (about 400. 000). In the eleventh century the whole country were controlled by the church, the king and the overlords and they converted to Christianity. The inhabitants felt very unhappy in the next century and there were plenty of fighting in the inside of the country, that’s why it is called the Civil War Period. Followed by the “Golden Age”, the king of Norway ever owned more Lana tan ever. One Tanta AT ten population was put on eat the “Black Death”, a plague in 1349. See Multiple) Between 1396 and 1536 Norway was part of Kalmia Union. The Union was formed in 1397 in the town of Kalmia on the Swedish east coast. A relative to Queen Margaret, Erik of Pomeranian, was elected king over Denmark, Sweden and Norway (see superstring) Sweden broke away 1523, but Norway remained united with Denmark. 1814 Denmark was forced to surrender Norway to Sweden. From now on, 1905, Norway is a free country, the union with Sweden ended and decided to give Prince Carl of Denmark the throne. During the years 1914 till 1918, First World War period, Norway stayed neutral and also in the first time of the Second World War.

In the late asses the Norwegian accepted Marshall Plan and Joined the NATAL, after abandoned their past neutrality. The current king, King Hookah, died and got replaced by Loaf V and he got replaced by his son, King Herald V. , in 1991. The economic policy was very important for the postwar history for Norway. In this time economic planning was introduced and several state-owned enterprises have been established. (see Inconsiderableness) 3. Norway – An Overview 3. 1. Economical With a GAP per capita of в?64,600 in 2008 (2nd highest in the EYE after Luxembourg) and an estimated national budget surplus the Norwegian economy is very sound.

Norway belongs to the leading group of the richest countries in the world measured by GAP per capita. Public finances are boosted by significant revenues from the petroleum sector. Traditional economic activities are shipping (fourth largest fleet in the world), fisheries and fish farming. The oil and gas sector constitutes around 25% of the Norwegian GAP and 52% of Norwegian exports (35 times higher than the export value of fish). Norway is a very important exporter of metals. Norwegian companies are major producers of ferry-alloys and, in particular, of aluminum.

Norway is the main source for the EX. of primary aluminum. 60% of our total imports AT alloys Ana AT inwrought metal relegate In Norway. Norway Is rarely anew with natural resources such as oil and gas, hydrophone, fish, Marshall Plan: The Marshall Plan, known officially following its enactment as the European Recovery Program (ERP), was the main plan of the United States for the reconstruction of Europe following World War II. The initiative was named for United States Secretary f State George Marshall. NATO: Military alliance formed between 26 nations to enforce the North Atlantic Treaty of 1949.

NATO was originally formed to combat the spread of communism, but has grown since then to provide a mutual defense from external threats. 2 1 forests and minerals and timber. Despite intensive technological and industrial developments that have taken place in Norway, natural resources still account for the bulk of Norwegian exports. The construction and operation of the largest offshore installations on earth has led to the establishment of a substantial offshore technology industry. Traditional economic activities are shipping (fourth largest fleet in the world) and fisheries, along with fish farming.

Shipping represents also an important source of export revenues for Norway. In addition, Norway is one of the top three seafood-exporting nations worldwide. Around 95% of production is exported. In recent decades, Norway has been in the forefront of Western countries’ growth performance. Over the last decade, Norway sustained economic expansion was underpinned by strong macro-economic policies, the commitment to low inflation and fiscal restraint, and the strategy of investing the bulk of oil revenues abroad. The adoption of inflation targeting and fiscal policy guidelines, have further strengthened the policy framework.

After having experienced a cyclical downturn of its economic growth due mainly to high wages, high interest rates and a strong currency, a very tight monetary policy made Norway recover. As expected, household demand is making a considerable contribution to the cyclical upturn as well as higher petroleum investment. In the period ahead, the global upturn will also stimulate Norway exports of traditional goods. The situation for internationally exposed industries has improved, not least thanks to what appears to be a stabilization of the crone exchange rate and a moderate wage settlement. (see European Commission) 3. . Political As mentioned in the first chapter and like you can extract from the Interpreting “Encyclopedia of the Nations”, Norway followed a policy of strict neutrality from 1905 until 1940. In 1940, Germany invaded Norway and carried out an exacting occupation until 1945. The German occupation left behind a bitter experience. That’s the reason of Norway long dominant political sentiment for neutrality and let them Join the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in 1949. (see Inconsiderableness) Norway is a constitutional monarchy. In the country the head of the state enjoys not unlimited power.

The monarch has the power in the direction of Starting (Applicant), he designates the chief of the government (prime Minster). The parliament has the real power. The Starting has 165 seats, split among eight parties in the elections of 2001. Elections are held every four years. The parliamentary system is not like the most, an election is not called if a government loses a vote of confidence, although the prime minister may change. Due to the large number of parties and a system of proportional representation, coalition governments are the rule in Norwegian politics.

Changes of government are a relatively frequent occurrence, even by the standards of European parliamentary systems, because most governments over the past decade have been minority governments. The ability to build consensus is thus a key to success for politicians and for parties. Ideological parties tend, therefore, to be small because they are often exclusive. Women play a greater role in Norwegian politics than in any other European country. For many years, a woman, Grog Harlem Borderland of the Labor Party, dominated Norwegian politics and served intermittently as prime minister.