Experiment

Communication Is always Important no matter what type of organization or environment it may be. Feed back and the teams approach can determine how effective and ineffective the organization is. When the team approach technique is used communication is better, there is less barriers between each department, and the speed/quality of work usually is improved (Lombardi & Shoehorning, 2007). Feedback is always good because it allows an employee to get information about what he or she is doing right or wrong so that they can take the time to improve.

In he health care field workers are always completing self-assessments, this makes the team approach technique especially good for them because they are able to Improve and then they can get with other health care workers and discuss their Ideas about what Is Important for the organization. Sharing each others Ideas and providing Important Information Is one of the most effective techniques used to run an organization successfully. There are many advantages and disadvantages with a team approach.

There are some people that like to work as a team, yet there are others that would rather work alone. One advantage would be getting more than one opinion about what is best for the organization. One disadvantage is competition, some people may want to try and be better than the next person instead of trying to work as a team. Working as a team can sometimes make people very frustrated because they have to rely on others. (Krebs, 2009) Ineffective techniques There are ineffective techniques as well.

When working as a team there may be problems that arise, Like feedback from others may not always be taken positively which can cause Issues In the work environment (Krebs, 2009). There are also times when someone may not finish their duties leaving It for someone else to do It for them. It can be hard for some to come to the same agreement and this creates problems In the work environment. Many of the people that I worked with did not want to work as a team they wanted to do everything on their own.

We had to show the managers that we were working as a team, but when they were not looking over our shoulder many of the employees did what they wanted to. This makes things very frustrating, there are so many times when someone does not take work as serious as he next person and this creates more of a work load for those that do take their Jobs serious. Ways these techniques are applied It is very important in a healthcare work environment that these techniques are applied.

There are so many duties that health care workers have to do, if they take the team approach than the Job can get done without any hassles. Healthcare Jobs can get very stressful at times; it Is always good to have more than one hand doing the Jobs. Communication Is essential because a lot of mistakes can occur with paper work or any miscommunication. These techniques can be applied by developing a am memoir expertise Ana learning now to communicate as a team (Salesman, Idea, Farmer, Vetch, Rosen, & Kid, 2007).

My aim in this experiment is to see how well an enzyme (phosphatase in this case) reacts under a controlled temperature but a varying pH.

Enzymes are known to be effected by pH and temperature. Both of these change how quickly the enzyme can process a substrate, so perfect matches must be found for each enzyme. At a low temperature, the enzymes reaction is so slow that any product is hardly noticeable. At a high temperature, or an extreme pH, the active site of the enzyme is damaged, so the substrate cannot be processed.

I predict that the optimal pH for the reaction to take place will be more acidic when the temperature is set at 25o c and the length of incubation is 10 minutes. A suitable pH would be between 3 – 5oc.

I conducted preliminary experiments and chose to incubate at 25o c instead of the higher temperatures for the simple reason that I knew that at a higher temperature (around 35o c), the reaction would go at its fastest, and I ran the risk of high magenta values (I wanted to keep them all under 1 so they could be easily compared). I therefore wanted to see what would happen at lower than 35o c as far as reactions were concerned, so I chose 25o c.

My method was adapted from a worksheet on varying the temperature in the same reaction, keeping pH constant.

1. Label a microfuge tube with your initials.

2. Place two mung beans into the labeled tube.

3. Add 0.5ml distilled water into the tube containing the beans.

4. Crush and macerate the beans with a small glass/plastic rod.

5. Take a second microfuge tube and add water to the same level as the one containing the mung beans. (TO BALANCE THE CENTRIFUGE RACK)

6. Place the tubes into opposite holes of the centrifuge rack and spin for 5 minutes at maximum speed

7. After spinning, draw off as much of the clear supernatant above the pellet as possible and place into a clean microfuge tube. This solution now contains the enzymes for the experiment.

8. Using a graduated pipettor, add 100?l of sodium carbonate (the buffer solution in this experiment).

9. Then add 20?l PPP substrate to each of the eight microfuge tubes. Wash the pippettor thoroughly.

10. Finally, add 20?l enzyme solution into it.

11. Repeat steps 8 through 10 as quickly as possible, to collect all the microfuge tubes. Now insert them into a Styrofoam float and place this on the surface of the water bath for 10 minutes, timed with a stop clock.

12. Now add 100?l Sodium Carbonate to stop the reactions.

13. Estimate the colour of the magenta using the magenta filters provided.

The possible variables in this method are the volumes of substrate, enzyme and sodium carbonate along with the time in the water bath and the temperature of the water bath. The volumes will be measured as closely as possible with a micropippettor.

Results:

The number in the test tube column is the magenta filter that corresponded to the colour of the completed reaction. The higher numbers mean more reaction, lower means less reaction.

Every time that I added the sodium carbonate to cancel the reaction, the colour change to magenta was sudden and with a small amount of shaking, the whole liquid was tinted purple.

I managed to take 2 readings for each pH, and therefore average them. Without doing the preliminary experiment, I would have never known what temperature to try.

This graph shows clearly how good my results were. They fit with my prediction that the optimum pH for a Phosphate enzyme is around pH 3-5, and therefore we can say that it requires a more acidic pH than an alkaline one.

My conclusion, using this graph as evidence, is that a Phosphate enzyme works at its maximum speed at a lower pH, in this experiment pH 4, taking into account the other variables in the experiment. For instance, at a different water temperature, the pH required may vary.

As mentioned before, as the temperature raises, so does the probability of denaturation. From the results, I assume this is beginning to happen before pH 5. But these results are not precise. I have no way of knowing which side of pH 4 the reaction is faster, i.e. if pH 3.9 is faster than pH 4, or pH 4.1. The pH4 that I got as being the fastest speed may not be the pinnacle of the reaction curve.

Huge accuracy errors could have been made, for instance:

* Was the precise equal amount of liquid put in each of the tubes? Probably not, the micropipette was hard to use and had very small scales.

* Some reactions began before others when preparing to put the microfuge tubes into the water bath. You had to work incredibly quickly to prepare all of the tubes in as fast a time as possible.

However, seeing how precise my results were, either I made the same mistakes over and over, therefore giving a whole set of incorrect results, or I did them all very well. This is the risk in using this method. If I were to change the method, I would get far more precise pipettes and find a way of adding the enzyme into the solution as quickly as possible, like getting 8 micropipettes filled and ready, then using one for each microfuge tube in quick succession.

If this experiment was to be taken further, I would get people to work together and double check their accuracy as they go, so that they can do the final step before incubation in half the time or less. Instead of changing the pH, they could change the variable concerning the temperature of the water bath to be incubated in. Another possibility is that the different volumes could be changed to see how the results vary, of course only one at a time. For example, change the amount of enzyme to be put into the mixture, continue the experiment with other set variables and see what type of results you get.

I am planning an experiment to investigate how PH affects the ability of raw meat to absorb water.

* Independent Variable

The independent variable for this experiment is the PH of the solution the steak is marinated in. I will achieve a range of different PH values by using buffers set at PH 1, 3, 5, 7, 9. I predict that there will be an optimum PH where the steak will absorb the most water.

The amount of water absorbed by the raw meat will increase as you increase the PH up to the optimum and then decrease the PH as the PH increases past the optimum.

* Dependent Variable

The dependent variable for this experiment is the amount of water absorbed by the diced steak by process of osmosis. I will record this by recording the mass before and the mass after marination. From these results I can calculate the percentage change in mass so that I can compare the different results with each other. I will calculate the percentage change by :

Change x 100

Original

* Controlled Variables

The main control variables for this experiment are :

Each of the 5 buffer solutions should have the same volume of 50ml and the same concentration. If one beaker had more than another then there would be more solution to act on the meat therefore tenderising it more. This could alter the end percentage change in mass.

The mass of the diced steak before marination needs to be controlled. A larger mass could potentially absorb and store more water. I will try to get as similar masses as possible to avoid any differences in weight. Instead of calculating the difference in mass, I will calculate percentage change in mass to account for any small differences in mass.

Also a constant surface area of the diced steak is important, otherwise there would be a larger area for the solution to act on causing more tenderisation therefore altering the overall results.

The temperature at which the meat is marinated at would need to remain constant. At a higher temperature, molecules are moving faster therefore osmosis is more likely to occur. The experiment will be conducted at room temperature, although a more scientific method would be the use of an

incubator. I will conduct the experiment in the same place so that each test is experiencing the same temperature changes.

The time allowed for marination, each steak should be in the buffer solution for 12 hours all getting the same length of time otherwise a longer time could provide an opportunity for more water to be absorbed.

Drying of the steak pieces, dab twice on each side. If some are dabbed more than the other it would alter the end percentage change in mass.

* Method

? Divide the diced steak into five equally sized piles.

? Using electronic scales weigh each pile to make the masses as similar as possible. Record the masses.

? Add 50ml of buffer solution PH1 to a beaker and repeat the process for the other buffer solutions.

? Put one set of diced steak into each beaker.

? Leave the 5 beakers for 12hours allowing the raw meat to marinate.

? Remove the dices from the solution and pat dry before weighing.

? Record the mass of each pile and calculate the percentage change in mass by using formula :

Change x 100

Original

? Repeat the experiment 3 times to ensure an accurate set of results.

? Plot a graph of PH against percentage change in mass.

I have been offered constructive feedback and the opportunity to improve my work. Assessor I declare that I have issued the relevant resource material. I ensured that the student understood the requirements for the completion of this course. The student named above completed the work that is submitted and the work is their own. Student Signature Assessor Date Assignment 1 brief Qualification BITE Level 3 National (90-credit/Extended) Diploma in Applied Science Assignment title Work in the Science Industry Start date 01/09/14 Interim Deadline date Final Deadline date N Walters / D Miracle Learning Outcome(s) 1.

Be able to use mathematical tools in science Mathematical tools: SSL units (length, mass, time, area, volume, density, force); conversions, egg imperial to metric and vice versa; prefixes, egg gig, mega, kilo, decide, cent’, mill’, micro, Anna, Pico; accuracy of data (decimal places and significant figures); fractions; percentages; ratios; standard form; use of scientific calculators Scientific problems involving algebra: transposition of formulae; substitution of equations; simple linear equations, egg involving force and mass (F =ma), speed and distance (v =s/t), mole calculations (n =m/Mr.), voltage and current (V =IR), density and illume (p =MN) Menstruation: standard formulae to solve surface areas, egg total surface area of a cylinder = nor + nor, surface area of a sphere = nor; volume of regular solids, egg volume of a cylinder = Teller, volume of a sphere = 4/nor, volume of a cone = 1/north Scenario You work for a pharmaceutical research company; the company would like to offer assistance and training for a new intake of employees who might find the mathematical demands of their new Job challenging.

In addition to providing helpful guides and resources for these employees you need to produce some assessment trials that will be used to assess whether employees require additional training. The assessment materials you produce will need to include questions and the answers to these questions so that they can be marked and assessed. Criteria Pl : Carry out mathematical calculations using suitable mathematical tools UP: Carry out mathematical calculations using algebra MI: Use standard form to solve science problems MM: Use menstruation to solve scientific problems ODL : Use ratios to solve scientific problems DO: Use algebra to solve scientific problems Tasks for Assignment 1 Completed? Pupil Teacher TASK 1. 1 -(PI) Produce a poster showing commonly used imperial units with examples of their conversion into SSL units.

Include specific examples covering units used in biology, chemistry and physics. Your poster should contain instructions on how to convert these units from imperial to metric and vice versa. Produce a guide to using standard form in science. Use examples relating to the use of standard form in measurements using microscopes in biology measurements of concentration in chemistry distance in physics using the wavelengths of different forms of radiation from the electromagnetic spectrum. In your guide present each example as a problem showing how the solution can be found using standard form. Task 1. 3 – (UP) Produce the 1st of 4 Question Papers that will be used to assess a new employees’ mathematical capability.

In this first paper write 10 questions requiring the use of algebra to solve mathematical problems. Having written the paper you need to write a mark sheet showing the answers and full working out for each question. Task 1. 4 – (MM) The next question paper for assessing employees is based on the use of menstruation. You need to write at least 10 questions in which employees are squired to solve problems involving shape and volume. You must include; 3 Biology, 3 Physics and 3 Chemistry-based questions. Again you should produce a mark sheet in which you clearly show the answers and working out for each question. Task 1. 5 – (ODL) with ratios. 10 Questions should be written covering problems in Biology, Chemistry and Physics.

Genetics, chemical reactions and moments are topics that lend themselves to questions based on ratios. A mark sheet needs to be produced showing the answers and working out for each question. Task 1. 6- (DO) In the final question paper you should write one Biology, one Physics and one Chemistry problem requiring employees to find a solution using algebra. These three questions should be more complex than previous questions and involve a number of stages in which algebra is needed to find a solution to the problem. A detailed mark sheet is required for this paper showing the solutions to the problems including the working out for each stage of the problem.

This could be from any subject in science but must be collected by the learner. You should include a brief statement stating how the data was collected, as well as a table of results for the data. The table should have borders and show quantities along with the correct units. Task 2. 2 – (MM) Provide a detail description of the stages undergone in the data collection process applied for UP. This description should be for both secondary and primary data. Task 2. 3 – (DO) Compare the different methods of data collection applied in UP and MM (both primary and secondary); The advantages and disadvantages of the methods should be clearly highlighted.

TASK 2. 4 -? (UP) Identify any errors associated with collecting scientific data within an experiment (ideally the experiment used for UP). This could be in the form of a list or a statement. It should include any random and/or systematic errors. Task 2. 5 – (MM) Detail and show how errors were calculated in UP from the experiment conducted in Task 2. 6 – (DO) reduced. It is expected that the errors mentioned in DO will be linked to errors encountered during the same experiment mentioned in UP and MM and ideally linked to UP. Include also a mention of how errors encountered in UP were minimized. Assignment 3 brief Displaying Data 10/09/14 3.

Know about laboratory information management systems Charts: data represented by statistical diagrams (bar charts, pie charts); histograms (continuous and discrete variants) Type of graphs: linear graphs, egg distance time graphs, graphs obeying Ohm’s law (voltage against current); non-linear graphs, egg ate of catalytic reaction against temperature, hydrogen gas given off against time, radioactive decay, bacterial growth Interpretation of data: random data, patterns in data; calculation of the arithmetic mean, mode and median; continuous data, egg rate of production over time, population count of invertebrates or plants; discrete data, egg fingerprint type, shoe size; raw and derived data, egg measure time and distance traveled by a car and calculate (derive) the speed Interpretation of graphs: calculating the gradient of a straight line graph; calculating the area under a straight nine graph; taking tangents of non-linear graphs in order to determine the gradient at a point; explaining trends in both linear and non-linear graphs Scenario You are a trainee microbiological scientist displaying data from an experiment to grow organisms; you will need to show your superiors your competence at handling and comparing collected data with reinforced reliability through including detailed references of error calculations.

Criteria AS: Select the appropriate formats for displaying the scientific data that has been collected UP: Interpret scientific data MS: Interpret the trend in the scientific data collected in an experiment ADS: Calculate scientific quantities from linear and non-linear graphs Tasks for Assignment 3 TASK 3. 1 – (AS) Select an appropriate format of displaying a primary and a secondary set of data. (you may use data collected from UP) Ensure that any plots on your scatter grams and line graphs are accurately plotted on graph paper. In all cases, you should include correct labeling of axis and an appropriate title for your graph. Task 3. 2 – (UP) Provide an interpretation of your collected data (both primary and secondary)

Polling Paradise- Ecocide in New Zealand The documentary “Polling Paradise- Ecocide In New Zealand” was produced by the Graff Boys’ to Inform New Sealant’s general public of the negative aspects and dangers of the use of 1080. Brothers Steve and Clyde Graff are attempting to display that 1080 use is bad and the reasons as to why they were “concerned at the ever increasing use of 1080”. The Graff brothers grew up around Tee aware National Park, exposed to an outdoor lifestyle and hunting from a young age. Since, they have been reading a series of hunting and outdoor documentaries.

As a result of their great hunting interest and background, the Graff brothers may be biased towards their views on 1080 use as it kills potential game, including deer and possum. The purpose of the information is therefore to convince the audience that 1080 is bad, and to showcase negative consequences of 1080. This personal agenda of the Graff boys Is presented to the public using examples of people with animals affected by 1080 as well as a variety of scientist’s and other farmer’s opinions. All of these sources hold animal views on 1080 use and reinforce a negative stance on the poison.

Spectacles In the design and evaluation of scientific research, Dry. Quinn Whiting-Coffee presents the most important piece of biological information in the documentary which was originally found from a study in 2009. He stated that, “New Zealand drops into its forests about keg of pure 1080 per year, enough to kill 20 million people on a per acre basis. This is 350 times more [1080] than Australia and 22000 times the rest of the world. ” The fact that this exhibits that 1080 is capable of killing this amount of people on its own results in the rethinking over the use of 1080 humans, because of our basic survival instincts.

Furthermore, because of Dry. Q Whiting-Coffee being qualified In analyzing Information his results can be found valid and reliable, hence also unbiased. The piece of Information from Dry. Q Welting-Coffee relates New Sealant’s use of 1080 to the wider world enabling a fair comparison. The amount of 1080 he reveals to be dropped is proven to be reasonably valid, with statistics In scientist Alexis Mari Pieta’s report stating an average of 2000-keg of 1080 is dropped each year.

Although, the way in which the Graff brothers have presented his information in the documentary has manipulated the way we understand it, so as we view it in a negative sense. They leave out information in “Poisoning Paradise- Ecocide in New Zealand” that depicts positive aspects of the poison, including that it is being used to kill greatly unwanted pests. The claims made as to the amount of 1080 which is dropped In New Zealand each year can be seen as valid although the Graff brothers do not touch on what all of that keg of sass’s effects are, possibly exterminating any views that 1080 is positive In their documentary.

The second most Important piece of biological Information displayed In the documentary was the account from Anthem Thomson, on viewing a doe die from 1080 poisoning. ‘The most horrific death I have ever witnessed on any poor animal. ” This piece of information results in the manipulation of the use of 1080 opinions. We can confirm that this is a true depiction of what happens when they die from The World League for protection of animals who state, “the animal suffers a prolonged and horrific death. ” Therefore this biological information is accurate, able to confirm it with different sources.

With this biological information, the Graff brothers are able to misguide the public into formulating an unreliable conclusion that 1080 must be a horrific poison, which always results in deer being killed and should not be used. Hence, this biological information can be seen as biased as Anthem Thomson clearly is against 1080 use having had animals become susceptible to it and the Graff boys only depict one side of the story. They do not illustrate any points or evidence which is pro-1080, misguiding the public into being ineligible to form their own accurate conclusions on the matter.

As a final point, although statistics displayed by the Graff brothers were able to be confirmed as accurate, they have not provided sufficient evidence to balance the negative and positive aspects of 1080. As the Graff boys deliver a biased documentary, where no advantages are displayed, the public is led to believe that the use 1080 is in no way beneficial. As a result of the facts portrayed by the Graff Boys in the documentary, the public is not able to determine correctly whether 1080 use is right or wrong. 2) An updated review of the toxicology and ichthyology of Sodium

Fluorescent (1080) in relation to its use as a pest control tool in New Zealand The scientific Journal article, “An updated review of the toxicology and ichthyology of Sodium Fluorescent (1080) in relation to its use as a pest control tool in New Zealand” was written by Charles Season, Arrow Miller and Shawn Gillie from the Faculty of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Department of Ecology, Lincoln University along with Arthur Firewater from the Department of Conservation. The review was written with the intended audience being the scientific community, in order to splay all benefits and detriments which the use of 1080 involves.

As Season, Miller and Gillie are all qualified university scientists and researchers, they would hold an unbiased opinion on 1080, being interested in the research and not providing any preferred outcome. It is probable that being from the Department of Conservation, Firewater will be pro-1080 and therefore slightly biased, but in conjunction with the other authors the review will overall become unbiased, therefore valid and reliable. In addition, as it is a scientific Journal article, the review would have been peer reviewed and verified.

Because of this we can assume that all facts provided are reliable and would have been cross-checked. The purpose of this review is to evaluate and analyses how effective 1080 is as a pest control tool in New Zealand and in doing so, to provide information on both the positive and negative aspects of 1080 use, from a neutral perspective. This is indicated in the conclusion of the review, reiterating the stance of the article, “The benefits of 1080 use in conservation, pest control, and disease control need to be weighed alongside the risks of using 1080 and alternative techniques for pest control.

The most important piece of biological information in the article states, “Adverse effects of 1080 use are outweighed by ecosystem protection and the reduction of pest impacts on native species. ” This piece of information is the most important as it states as a scientific, unbiased and researched fact that possible negative effects of 1080 use, of which a controversial through the reduction of pests brought about by 1080. We can be certain that this statement is valid as it can also be found on the Forest and Bird New Sealant’s website in the 1080 facets.

Forest and Bird NZ is a trusted, reliable organization, Hereford encouraging that this piece of biological information is valid. It states that “Far more native birds are killed by possums, rats and stoats than by 1080”, reinforcing the point made in the article that adverse effects of 1080 use, such as the possibility of birds eating the poison, are far outweighed by ecosystem protection and ultimately the reduction of animals such as possums, rats and stoats (pests).

This biological statement allows the audience an input towards a decision on the use of 1080, as it is a valid and reliable declaration. The second most important piece of illogical information displayed was “Considerable care must be taken when using 1080 to ensure that the risks of its use are outweighed by ecological benefits achieved. ” This is confirmed in a report from The Environmental Risk Management Authority, who concluded that the benefits of using 1080 clearly outweighed the risks, subject to strict controls.

Therefore, we can be sure of the accuracy of this biological information and can confirm it as a reliable statement. This concluding statement emphasizes the scientific Journal article’s neutral position on 1080 use, in that it is essential for negatives to be assessed according to the positives with the intention of then being able to make a Justified decision.

It Juxtaposes the information presented in the review, which depicts the advantages and disadvantages of 1080 use with an unbiased opinion. Therefore, the scientific audience is able to reach a valid conclusion which they can be sure is without any bias and is accurate and reliable. The statistics and statements demonstrated in the article can be found to be legitimate, allowing the decision to be completed as to the usage of 1080.

Immediately turned too navy blue color Same musty looking cloud that floated and did not mix well, brought out the blue lour Immediately changed color to a musty yellow color, not very see through anymore either No Change Caused creamy white substance that did not mix well, not immediate reaction Enhanced light blue color with creamy substance not mixing into the middle Turned to a dark blue color with a hint of brown looking Musty cream cloud that did not mix.

Brought out the yellow Made the yellow color a shade darker, not much change Cream specks, mixed better than others, faster reaction as well Darkened the yellow tint and mixed well with original Darker the yellow color, as well as making It seem a hint of orange

Musty cream that mixed a little and faded with a clear looking substance Minimal Change, blended into clear substance Created a dark white color, very hard to see through, thick looking substance No Change Muggy cream that took over the clear color substance, immediate reaction Must cream color, almost looks like a cloud, very enhanced over the black paper More grey colored and more visible to see the bottom Musty cloud, that did not mix but brought the light green out in the dye No change, blended to clear with small hint of green No Change

Greenish Cream Substance, mixed decently but still see through Teal color created with the musty cream color still around Same teal tint created as solution before Conclusion: Throughout this experiment, I learned that mixing Ionic compounds can cause a different reaction for each. All compounds included sodium, which made it interesting to see the different reactions occur Just by changing one chemical in the compound. The reactions that took place were all physical reactions, mostly being a color change or the addition of the creamy color look. Dark paper makes all colors ore easily spotted, whether a change took place or not.

My personal favorite was adding the Nappy simply because it brought out all of the original colors of the solutions. This helped me understand the changes that were taking place as I went throughout the rest of the experiment. For many of the additions, as time passed they became more defined. Ionic compounds typically carry two charges, one positive and one negative. This is why the white participate is formed in all of the equations. Sodium Sulfate and Sodium Chloride both had little to no change to the substance in al reactions, this lead Error could occur in this experiment, but it was very difficult.

Some people think that using animals for experimentation purpose is cruel, but other people think that it is necessary for the development of science. Discuss both views and give your opinion. Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience. Animals are living beings, like humans, that also have an important role in the world. However, instead of treating the animal with love and respect, we subject it to cruel and inhumane scientific and medical experiments to further human development.

What a cruel fate for the unfortunate animals, and all because of human selfishness. On the other hand, in life, as in the jungle, the concept of survival of the fittest applies, and so, as the most intelligent animal, humans are just exercising our right to dominate and use other animals as we wish. For many people the issue of using animals for science is black and white. It is either they are very pro-animal rights, or very much in favour of using animals since we are the highest-level creature.

On the one hand, some people say that subjecting animals to pain and torture is truly barbaric. All animals also have feelings, thoughts, and behaviours, and so we should look after them and respect them. They may also feel that if we are so unsure about the effects of a drug, for example, then we should chemical testing before doing live, and sometimes cruel, animal testing. Others, however, believe that we must use animals for the benefit of our own species. We should use them to test drugs, cosmetics, and new developments in science, which will provide a safer and better lifestyle for us.

Very few people are inherently cruel, but they still believe it is either them or us. In truth, it is better to test the drugs on a monkey rather than on a person. In my opinion, being cruel for the sake of being cruel and with no tangible results to show is definitely stepping over a boundary of acceptable behaviour. However, at other times, if the benefits of the research are explicit, tangible, and valuable, then I feel that the research is justified. Thus, whether the use of animals is right or wrong should be based on the purpose of what they are doing.