Forensic Psychology: Fitness for Duty Evaluation

The nature of fitness-for-duty evaluations is different from other psychological services in that they involve a mandatory referral to the psychologist and fitness Information Is communicated to the department Thus, specific issues of psychologist training and knowledge are crucial. Fitness for duty evaluation Police Psychologists play substantial roles In the employment and maintenance of law enforcement. A main role the psychologist plays is in the area of psychological assessment.

The Fitness for duty evaluation (FED) assesses and evaluates a police officer’s personality, psychology, intelligence, and overall fit for the line of work. This type of assessment Is also frequently conducted through pre-employment psychological screenings. This paper briefly addresses the pre;employment psychological screening. However, the primary focus is on the forensic psychologist’s role as it applies to the FED. Pre-employment psychological screenings are designed to Identify unsuitable police candidates.

Testing has become more complex over the years in order to detect Issues not easily identified In earlier standard testing. (Derrick & Chaplain, 2006). Several tests, such as the Minnesota Multiphase Personality Inventory (IMP) and the Inlaid Personality Inventory (PUPIL have become more utilized for this purpose over the years . Research has established that these tests, particularly the PIP, tend to be successful In predicting negative indicators for aspects such as officer performance after training (Singing, Schumacher, Gardner, &Chaplin, 1995).

It has also been found that The Pl and IMP have also proven effective in detecting dishonest test answers. Importantly, it has been suggested the test detects Is best at Identifying unsophisticated deceivers while superior ones are more successful In cheating the tests (Forum &amp: stock, Tests such as the NEO Personality Inventory-Revised (NEO PI-R) is 993). Frequently used as a predict recruits that will perform well once on the job (Derrick & Callahan, 2006).

Other research (Derrick & Callahan, 2006) suggests that the NEO PI-R Is able to foresee which recruits will perform well as officers. Some experts also believe that the NEO PI-R may be utilized in recognizing weaknesses in cleared emcee candidates Ana teen strengthening tense areas. Thanes-Tort-AU evaluations (Fades) are often in response to an officer’s display of some form of questionable behavior. These behaviors may include aspects such as stress, excessive force, substance abuse, psychological disorders, depression, or family problems.

The evaluation is conducted in order to determine several key factors. These include the decision as to if the officer should continue at present duty level, if treatment or intervention is needed, or if Job task modifications are necessary. The assessment typically comprises a review of the officer’s records. Aspects of the record such as awards, commendations, and reprimands are measured. Additionally, individual sessions with the officer are often conducted. Interviews with family are often conducted as well.

Lastly, a medical examination is frequently recommended to establish or rule out other issues affecting the officer (Bartok & Bartok, 2008) In addition to use for recruitment, Psychological tests such as The Operational Police Stress Questionnaire (Soup) and the Organizational Police Stress Questionnaire (SQ-Org) are frequently utilized to in both recruitment and to measure stress levels in active duty officers. (Macrame & Thompson, 2006). Duty-related stress is measured by the SQ-Pop and the SQ. Org measures stress that is caused from the actual law enforcement organization.

The tests were designed in this way due to data that has established that these two groups are the main stress generating areas for officers. The role of the forensic psychologist as it pertains to FED is of interest to this student for several reasons. First of all, research has established that psychological services play a vital role throughout law enforcement agencies. Law enforcement officials have begun to recognize and acknowledge the need for psychological services designed to deal with the unique culture among police officers. Another reason of interest is the value in psychological testing.

Psychological tests can be used to assist in recruit selection as well as stress testing for current officers. Furthermore, the creation of additional and improved tools as a result of developing research and development for the purpose of improving law enforcement organizations is exciting. “Psychologists provide services, teach, and conduct research with populations and in areas only within the boundaries of their competence, based on their education, training, supervised experience, consultation, study, or professional experience” (PAP, 2002, p. 1063; Standard 2. AAA Boundaries of Competence).

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Nutrition and Fitness Paper

First step to a healthier new me would be to change my current fitness habit, which is not much other than teaching dance and walking to adding more activity to my week without losing sleep. After looking at what my current fitness routine is teaching two and half hours of dance a week and walking a week for two and half hours I noticed I needed to add more activity to my week. Within that first step is to set a goal of how much time is needed to be achieved a week and how much time is available to achieve that goal. Know at least thirty minutes every day is a healthy goal of activity.

So adding at least one hour a week of an activity Is what I need to do. So adding WI Dance Routine twice a week for one hour will help out and give me an extra amount to achieve the goal and go above and beyond the goal. Second step is to improve the area of nutrition, I eat the three meals a day and I even snack a bit for the extra energy kick needed for the day. But nutritional habits are a lot like fitness habits, it focuses on eating right and exercising right. Habits are created to improve or even decrease who we are.

So creating a healthy habit is essential to achieve the goal set in front of us. Poor nutrition can lead to obesity which can lead to medical problems in years to come. A normal family’s lifestyle can result to unhealthy eating habits with stops at fast food chains. Families need that cooking time together to eat In a healthier way and create positive habits among the parents and the children. I know my eating habits still to this day are affected by my eating habits as a child. My mother worked day and night and my dad also worked long days and sometime nights.

So dinner was to a none cooked meal, sometimes It was McDonald’s or pizza. So now Tanat I work more than the average forty hour work week, I sometimes slip and eat that fast food because it is there and easy. Knowing that I know I need to make the changes to change my bad habits. Fitting healthy habits into a hectic life is not easy but following a few steps to get more nutrition and fitness in a hectic life is necessary for any person who wants to make their fifth birthday. Here are a few things that can be put into play right now that can make healthy habits an easy part of the day to day routine.

Areas that I have started to make improvements in my own health is in red and highlighted to show how little steps can make big steps later in life. Guarani Ph. D (n. D. ) 1. Drink water throughout the day (doing my best currently) 2. Cut back on the amount of soda and coffee drank in the day (already made some cut backs) 3. Replace high sugar foods with low sugar versions 4. Stock up on healthy, portable snacks (eating better snacks during my day) 5. Take the time to plan healthy meals for the week 6. Purchase frozen, ready to cook ingredients 7. Pack your lunch the night before 8.

Cook double batches of what your cooking 9. Give yourself some slack 10. Fit in exercise as much as you can (trying to add more fitness in during a busy work week) 11. Take a walk break during the day (getting up at work and Just walking around the office to stretch) 12. Whenever possible, walk (parking further in parking lots when I can to increase walking) 13. Get enough sleep (trying for more than six hours, tough but trying) Now going through this list I see many areas I can do to improve my health and I also see those ways can help improve my fitness levels and my stress level at the same time too.

By adding some or all of these new healthy habits into my lifestyle today, it can improve the way I feel in no time at all. Making small steps for me can help promote a new look on my weight management and by doing that it will give me more energy during the day to increase my fitness plan for adding more fitness to my week. Those new habits would help diminish the old habits that have been taught or created over the years by my parent’s poor habits. My mother and her mother were not small people and I don’t want that type of life. They were not obese people but they were not healthy either, obesity is not Just being overweight.

Obesity can lead to medical problems beyond weight. Obesity can lead to heart conditions, leg problems, back problems, and even mental problems. This is onto life I want and I want to make the changes now before it changes me. While reading the New York Times today, I came across this article that the government tells people how to eat better is to eat less. “The latest nutrition guidelines released Monday by the federal government reiterates of the advice from previous years: eat less salt and saturated fats, eat more fruits and vegetables and hole grains” (Martin, 2011, Para. ). With this information they tell us by eating the Dad we wall never lose ten welling Just Keep It on, unless you cut Deck Ana eat some more of the better. At the end of the article the writer states it simple “Cut back on the cheese, hamburgers, pizza, cookies and pastries” (Martin, 2011, Para. 23). So Just cutting back can change your life. Conclusion Like kids, adults need to make the right food choices to be healthy and must exercise to be healthy. Even in a busy lifestyle they need to make the correct choices f they, plan to live pas the age of fifty years old.

My family created poor habits for myself and my brother and both of us noticed the problem and knew it had to change now rather than later. More adults are battling obesity today more than ever and that is because of the busy lifestyle we all lead. By making the changes now as young adults or adults in their mid thirties they can learn how to eat properly and exercise, better to make it to fifty years old healthier than they could of before the changes. Adults must exercise as much as they can, even with a busy lifestyle.

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How This Entrepreneur’s Struggle With Obesity Helped Her Launch A Fitness App

Obesity is the new-age epidemic amongst women and while there are a lot of solutions in the market, very few have generated the right kind of impact on consumers/patients.

Ritu Soni Srivastava, was struggling to get into shape post her maternity period seven years ago. It’s during this period she realized the dilemma of obesity women go through. It was during this period she came up with an idea to launch ObiNo, India’s first DIY health and weight loss app.

“Like most young mothers eager to regain control over their bodies and their weight, I had a not-so-pleasant experience with the traditional vendors of weight loss – which was not only expensive and inconvenient, but also non-transparent. This led me to feel, like I was being held to ransom over my own health.

I firmly believe that everybody should have instant access to the knowledge and motivation that they need, to achieve their health goals & that too conveniently. This was why Obino took the shape of a mobile app, since healthy choices are made at least 30-40 times per day & the only tool that is consistently around at such times is the mobile phone,” Ritu said.

About the App

The app follows a 3-pronged strategy to get you to your Weight Loss Goal – a Dedicated Health Coach + Personalised Diet & Fitness Plans + unique Mobile-App based tools that are with you 24×7!

The ‘Dedicated Health Coaches‘ are professionals in the space of Nutrition & Food Science, Yoga, Fitness Training and lifestyle modification who help you in controlling weight, yet, keeping you fit. The coaches and the app help you keeping a track on the calories you consume and the effect on your body, hence, helping you consume the right kind of food and doing the correct exercises as per your need.

While there are several health apps and products out there, it becomes challenging for entrepreneurs to stand out and keep their individuality. According to Ritu, what helps ObiNo stand out is the fact that the team understands Indians, the coaching given, enables people to keep track of and manage their own health and weight by providing them with simple, yet powerful tools, and focuses more on nutrition plans, seeing diet & lifestyle interventions as 90% of its program.

Health and business

Perception about health and fitness has changed over the years. A regular Indian today spends a lot of time, effort and money to remain fit.

Ritu said, “The erstwhile focus on good health and fitness has given way to an unhealthy obsession with a slim and socially acceptable body, due to today’s media-dominated society where body images are unrealistic and airbrushed. And adding to this frenzy is the rise of lifestyle diseases and metabolic disorders, due to sedentary lifestyles and the preponderance of processed foods.”

Vital health tips for women

 Here are few health tips for women from the entrepreneur herself:

Believe you can

Having been there and done that, my first and foremost appeal to women looking to get fit is to believe that you can do it and ask for help, if you are unable to do it on your own. Breaking the cycle of trial-failure- and de-motivation is critical & is the only path back to good health.

 

Be a turtle

The second thing I would like to harp on is that good health and weight loss is about embracing a series of healthy habits for the long-term. There are no miracle pills or diets and if you lose weight fast, you can rest assured that it will be back even faster than you lost it.

Be slow, be steady, be consistent and you WILL win!

Do NOT starve

The biggest myth in weight-loss is that you have to eat less. That is absolutely wrong! You have to eat often and eat right. And never stay hungry. Diet and lifestyle is 90% of weight loss. Exercise if you can, but don’t get depressed if you don’t find the time for it. Just stay on your feet and be active.

Learn for the long-term.

We here at Obino are happiest when we say goodbye to you!

We truly believe that with the right motivation and encouragement, we can help you not only to lose the excess weight, but get healthier, fitter and more confident. And teach you the right healthy habits to stay that way for the rest of your life!

The company claims that the WHO Global Burden of Disease Study begged ‘Obesity’ as the world biggest food problem, replacing hunger! India is estimated to be 14% obese and expected to dramatically increase numbers to about 30-35% Obesity in the next 10 years.

As per the FICCI Wellness Report, the wellness market in India is estimated to be an INR 950 Billion and weight loss/slimming services alone are estimated to be between 60,000 – 70,000 crores. This number is only set to explode.

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Physical Fitness Worksheet

Being physically fit is an important aspect of obtaining optimal health. Becoming knowledgeable about what it means to be physically fit may greatly increase your ability to improve your health and wellness. In this worksheet, you identify the five components of health related fitness. Completing this assignment is a step towards gaining the knowledge needed to better manage your physical fitness.

The first row has been filled in for you as an example.

|Components of Physical Fitness |Description |How to Incorporate in Your |Benefit(s) | | | |Life | | |Cardiorespiratory Fitness |Being able to exercise at a |Walk 2 miles at a brisk |Reduced the risk of heart | | |moderate to high intensity for a|pace every day. disease, hypertension, and high | | |long period of time | |cholesterol. | |Muscular Strength | | | | | |is the amount of force that your|Use your muscles regularly |The ability to lift heavier | | |muscles can exert against |such and weight training or|objects or carry things longer. | |resistance |push ups | | | | | | | |Muscular

Endurance | | | | | |Is the ability of a muscle or |Participate in sports such |The ability to perform tasks | | |group of muscles to sustain |as hockey or football. |longer, good posture. Fewer | | |repeated contractions against a |Swimming or running helps |injuries, increased metabolism, | | |resistance for an extended |too. | | |period of time | | | | | | | | |Flexibility | | | | | |A person’s flexibility refers to|Practice yoga, stretch |relief from pain | | |the ability of your joints to |regularly |increased energy levels | | |move through a full range of | |increased flexibility | | |motion | |better range of motion of the | | | | |joints | |Body Composition |In physical fitness, body | | | | |composition is used to describe |Regular exercise healthy |Increase in energy, | | |the percentages of fat, bone and|eating |helps to maintain cognitive | | |muscle in human bodies | |function and decrease stress. | | | | | |

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Nutritional and Fitness Paper

My sthrongest dimensions after taking the self-test are intellectual health, social health and environmental health. I think that I am sthrongest in intellectual health because I don’t make rash decisions in my life without thinking about the consequences. When I was younger I seemed to get myself in trouble a few times and at one point it got so bad that I had to really look at myself and question the decisions that I was making. I learned from the mistakes that I made in my teen years and have helped me a lot when making decisions in work and with friends.

In social health I scored sthrongest in this category I feel because I am able to listen to others problems without making it about myself. If a friend comes to me with a problem, I tend to listen to them more than give my own opinion or feedback unless I am asked. I always try to give people the benefit of doubt and don’t judge them when I first meet them. Social health also includes relationships with family and friend, I come from a close knit family and have a good relationship with my immediate family and can’t see myself not ever talking to any of them.

My friendship also have the stayed the same tthroughout the years, I have the same friends I have had since high school and college. In environmental health I believe was one of many sthrongest because over the years I have become aware of global warming and the affect that is being done to our planet and resources. When I am brushing my teeth, I turn of the faucet until I need the water again; I also use energy saving light bulbs all around my house to save electricity. I have been recycling bottles, cans and paper and have even gotten some of my family members to do the same.

I know that I can do more in regards to getting out there and spread the word little by little. The way that I can become sthronger in physical health is by exercising more, whether it be taking the stairs instead of the elevator or going for a walk around the block. I could also try to improve my physical health by eating healthier meals during the day and cutting out junk food and instead eat more vegetables and fruits. I can also try and improve my sleeping patterns and get more sleep during the night.

The way that I can change my emotional health is by understanding me more, for example, if I am feeling mad or aggravated at some one, I can take time and compose myself and approach the situation differently. The way that I can change my spiritual health is by getting more involved in the community and do more charitable events. I have to involve myself more in nature, for example, if I go to the park I can sit on a bench and listen to the birds chirping, the wind blowing and connect with Mother Nature. Some personal choices that I can make to improve my health are; exercising, eating healthy and quit smoking.

I have started to get back in the routine of exercising for at least an hour a day, I will be using the shaping technique so that I won’t overwhelm myself and quit within the first couple of days. In eating healthy I can learn to cut out junk and greasy food, it’s important that I learn this because I have a daughter myself and I don’t want her to suffer from any health issues, such as diabetes or child obesity. I have to make these choices so that I can be a good example to my daughter and she will be able to make better choices.

A behavior change technique that could help me I shaping, which is when “to reach a goal, you may need to take several individual steps, each designed to change one small piece of a larger behavior” (Donatelle, 2010). This technique would help me in exercising, for example, I can begin to walk for 30 minutes a day and after my body becomes accustomed to the exercise I will add more minutes to it until I have become used to working out. Another behavior change is called visualization, which mearns “mentally practice can transform healthy behavior into healthy ones” (Donatelle, 2010).

This technique could help also in my exercise, for example, if I am going up a hill I can mentally tell myself “you can do this”. This will prepare my mind so that my body will go. Another technquie I called modeling which mearns “learning behaviors by watching other perform them” (Donatelle, 2010). This would be helpful in exercising because I will have someone else who can go to the gym with me and be motivated by them just being there. Controlling the situation would mean “the right setting or the right group of people will positively influence your behavior” (Donatelle, 2010).

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The Benefits Of Fitness In The Workplace

Tit care costs over the past decade; from 2002 to 2008, the return was $2. 71 for every dollar sped NT. A corporate wellness program is an employer-sponsored program designed to support employees as they adopt and sustain behaviors that reduce health risks, improve quality of life, and enhance personal effectiveness. A key component of the wellness program is sponsoring a fitness center in or near the workplace. Studies show that a regular regime of exercise for the employee will lower health care costs, absenteeism, and workplace stress.

Productivity increases as the worker can operate more efficiently. Happy and healthy employees are more focused, dedicated, and productive while at work. While providing employees with nutrition education, employer s can take a preventative approach to the health of their staff. This preventative practice o f health care benefits the employer as well as the employee by preventing chronic diseases through proper diet and exercise. This increases the employee’s physical and mental health, make Eng a more productive employee. The more productive the employee, the more successful lull the business.

In Duran 2 order for this approach to succeed, businesses would require employees to p eradicate in at least one form of exercise provided by the company. The company would need to establish a fitness center ideal for increasing heart rates and challenging muscles. The difficulty of staying healthy in today’s society has become overwhelming t o the fulfillment worker. Many jobs require long periods of sitting or standing, thereby creating weak and strained muscles. Work takes up a majority of the day, preventing people from squeezing in a full work Out.

Having a fitness center at or near the workplace allows employ yes to conveniently improve their mental and physical health without the stress of a overloaded schedule. A company’s wellness center should support a wide range of exercise sees for a diverse group of employees with different fitness goals. Cardiovascular exercise is pr oven to improve the condition of the heart, while lifting weights builds muscles to support a strong err body and promotes joint function. Rotating exercises each day, business could organize runs, walks, and bike rides during work hours for their staff.

Yoga classes offered before work help stretch and awaken the employees, giving them better focus and concentration. To count err the midday slump any jobholders experience after a hard morning at work, employers could r fresh their employees with an afternoon session of strength training to work the muscles that have been cramped from sitting or standing for long periods of time. An hour break woo old be enough time to improve the productivity of an employee if utilized correctly. An effective BRB cake from work would include a cardiovascular exercise with moderate resistance to challenge e and increase the heart rate.

Another benefit of corporate wellness is a stronger relationship between cow errors. The time spent in the gym and outside running or biking with employees allows the m to bond, Duran 3 creating trust and understanding. The more an employee can trust and relate to his or her coworker, the better they can work together. Living a healthy lifestyle with diet and exercise is a desirable benefit offered b company. Joanne McFadden, an American City Business Journal writer, stated, (1 benefits of exercise are welkin and irrefutable, and an onsite fitness center is an at attractive benefit for employees. The health of the American workforce has been declining, reducing productive TTY and company earnings. An unhealthy employee costs more to cover than a health y employee. However, the need for health care is greater than ever. (2) More than 133 mill ion Americans, have at least one chronic condition. Providing healthcare to more than 1 33 mi Lion American requires a large amount of money. ( 3)According to the Centers for Disease C intro (CDC), chronic disease requires 75% of the health care spending budget. 5)Premium s for multiprocessors health insurance have risen from $5,791 in 1999 to $13,3 75 in 2009 (a 131 % increase), with the amount paid by workers rising by 128%. Employers c loud have a significant impact on the health care system just by improving the health of the IR employees. (4)Obesity is one of the root causes of chronic disease, accounting for nearly 1 0% of the amount that the U. S. Spends annually on healthcare. Obesity is preventable as well as reversible. Living a healthy lifestyle includes working in an environment that encourages physical wellness.

Reducing stress and increasing productivity encourage healthier weight man segment. The benefits are not only for the employee but also for the employer. The financial I benefits a company receives from a healthy employee include reduced cost in health car e spending. The employee will cost less to cover if the worker is maintaining or improving his or her overall Duran 4 condition. (6)A recent study shows that if individuals adhere to healthy lifestyle e practices such as maintaining a healthy weight, eating well, exercising regularly, and avoiding to sins, chronic disease could be reduced by as much as 80%.

The price of an unhealthy ample eye takes a toll on the financial success of a company as well as the overall health care system. Businesses are beginning to provide employees with tools they need to cache eve a healthier lifestyle. (7) “Two years ago, Trust Company of Illinois started a well as program. The company’s thirty employees underwent biometric screening-?tests of r blood pressure, glucose and cholesterol. Workplace wellness helps curb health care costs, term 01 levels and other important measures. ‘It was really an eye-opening exercise,’ says Debbie Greg rash, SCOFF at the Downers Aggravated company. It turned on the lightly for people. ‘ “The company went a step further last year. Workplace wellness consultant C thy Leman, who runs Glen Lambasted Nutrient Inc. , was hired to conduct a seminal r on walking. Workers got pedometers for a walking contest. Other wellness events were added this year, including seminars and healthy c joking demonstrations, and more sessions are scheduled for 2013. ‘We are still in the e infancy stages of our program,’ notes Ms. Gregorian, who can’t quantify the savings yet. ” “Overall, the cost benefits of worker wellness are becoming apparent.

A 201 0 study in the journal Health Affairs showed that every dollar spent on wellness program ms reduced corporate medical costs by $3. 27 and cut absenteeism costs by $2. 73. An Jug just survey by the National Business Group on Health found that 61 % of firms found wellness in titivates to be one f the three most effective tools to keep down healthcare costs. A 201 0 study in the American Duran 5 Journal of Health Promotion showed that workers highly engaged in a wellness s program have fewer hospital admissions, shorter hospital stays and lower overall costs. The negative aspect of providing an in office wellness center is the budget. The e cost of a wellness center in an office will vary depending on the equipment; however, c costly machines are not necessarily the most effective method of working out. Free weights are an inexpensive way to perform a variety of exercises in any environment. Jumping rope and ruin Eng the stairs are common and effective cardiovascular exercises. The amount of body weight e exercises that can be done in a variety Of places is more than enough to fill an hour long workout t.

Providing an affordable fitness center for the employees is achievable by using the surround ding space, going outside, and including free weights as well as using body)weight to work out. Many employees seeking weight loss as a wellness goal will have more of an I incentive to go to work if exercising is included in the workplace. By creating a more desire able work space, equines see a decrease in absences and late arrivals. Providing employees WI the motivation to go to work increases attendance and performance.

Educating unhealthy employ sees and giving them the opportunities to improve their physical condition in the workplace is a des arable benefit that all businesses should offer. By providing employees with a wellness center, the employer will create a MO re efficient worker. The stressful tasks of a workday can be approached with more energy y and productivity through a healthy diet and exercise routine provided by the company. The me player benefits ancillary, while the employee benefits both mentally and physically from exe rising in the workplace.

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Inverse Proportion of Physical Fitness and Awareness Program

Although awareness of the importance of physical fitness has increased in the United States, the average level of an American”s fitness has decreased. In short, most everyday citizens are out of shape. This is partially due to the more modern and easier lives that most Americans lead compared to Americans of earlier time periods. If Americans wish to stay in good health, then their daily regiments must be changed.

Among adolescents and teenagers, the

same numbers are noticeable. Nearly fifty

percent of American youth aged twelve

through twenty-one are not vigorously active

on a regular basis. Only nineteen percent of

all high school students are physically active

for more than twenty minutes or more, five

days a week, mainly in physical education

class (Physical Activity and Health:

Adolescents and Teenagers, par. 5-8).

These numbers are a significant drop from previous studies of earlier decades. When physical fitness reform was stressed in schools during the fifties, the government administered several test to get an exact figure on American children”s level of fitness. The United States office of Education discovered that in one year fifty-six of 108,000 public schools had strengthened their physical education programs. These modifications were noticed. Between 1964 and 1965, 11,000 boys and girls who took the Youth Fitness test had higher mean scores in every event and at all ages than the results recorded from the previous decade”s tests (Van Dalen 520-521).

Although modern, well-designed school-based interventions directed at increasing physical activity in physical education classes have been shown to be effective, only twenty five percent of high school students enroll in physical education class daily. In 1991, forty-one percent of all high school students enrolled in physical activity. That means that in only ten years, the daily level of physical activity amongst teens has been cut almost in half (Physical Activity and Health: Adolescents and Teens, par. 9-10). Not even the best school based interventions directed at increasing physical activity can actually improve a student”s level of fitness if they aren”t participathing in class to begin with.

Over sixty percent of adults do not

engage in the recommended amount of

activity. In fact, over twenty five percent

of American adults are not active at all

(Physical Activity and Health: Adults, par. 6-8)

Concerning the history of physical fitness awareness, physical activity for better health and well-being has been an important theme throughout much of western hemispherical, American history. Since the beginning of awareness, public health recommendations have evolved greatly. They started with emphasizing vigorous activity for cardio-respiratory fitness. The same recommendations are still given, but now it is thought to be better to include the options of moderate levels of activity for numerous health benefits (Historical Background and Evolution of Physical Activity Recommendations, par. 1-2).

One of the first specified fields of medicine in the fitness world was sports medicine. Physicians associated with professional sports teams initially practiced sports medicine, but with interest in amateur sports and physical fitness programs in the 1970″s and 1980″s the field grew rapidly. Sports medicine still continues to be a fast-growing division of specified medicine that has to revolutionize the understanding of exercise and the body”s reaction to the stress of exercise (Sports Medicine, par.1)

These physicians and doctors are not uncovering these earth-shattering discoveries on their own. The American Council on Exercise (ACE) is very active in fitness research (The Future of Fitness, par. 2). The official government committee to support physical fitness is The President”s Council on Physical Fitness and Sports (PCPFS) is extremely vocal in the education of the public. PCPFS has been fighting its ever-toughening crusade against laziness since the era of President Kennedy, who founded the Council (Van Dalen, p. 520-521). There are also many Internet websites (e.g. efitness.com, emedicine.com, nutricise.com) that provide easily accessible information to the public.

Because of groups like ACE and PCFS, the awareness of the benefits to physical fitness are being broadcasted everywhere; it is just a matter of time until every American understands the value of being physically fit. When that time comes, experts say more people will exercise to achieve better health instead of just to improve appearance. Also, exercise will become a vital part of disease management. In the future, adventure workouts such as hiking and mountain climbing will replace traditional treadmill and weight training workout. Sports specific training such as golf and tennis exercises will become more mainstream. It is also said that exercise programs geared towards older adults such as water-based fitness will increase in popularity (The Future of Fitness, par. 3-4, 6-7).

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