Hong Kong

The last two decades have witnessed the transformation of heavily government-controlled economies into various degrees and characters of market economies. Examples include the former Soviet Union, German Democratic Republic, and People’s Republic of China. These political governments have different approaches to economies and economic problems affecting their country. Even today, where democracy and federal government is almost seen in all countries, various problems related to the economy have been a witness time and time again to different tactics and strategies utilize by each government to solve these problems.

Such problems account for unemployment, high prices of goods and other forms of market failure. In today’s world, market failure dictates a big blow to an economy of a rising region. Even as we say that these “market failures” are just too small to be considered as such, all countries have been witnesses to what a small problem can deliver in time. Long run analysis of the market and short run analysis will dictate the pros and cons. A perfect example of these so-called market failures is the one happening in Hong Kong right now (or maybe already happening 4-5 years back).

According to the article written by Robin Kwong, Hong Kong is suffering a market failure due to one big serious problem. The problem is basically an ever increasing air pollution in the regions of Hong Kong. In his, article he clearly stated that the status of business and investments in Hong Kong is taking a painful blow one at time due to the worsening quality of air and increasing air pollution. This event is very critical to Hong Kong and its surrounding regions. Employment was one of the big reasons for the market failure in Hong Kong.

Economists have assumed for many years that if the market is left to operate freely the result will be an optimal level of output. That is, the point of “equilibrium” will also be the point at which the greatest numbers of people achieve the highest level of satisfaction. Today, we can see that there are certain circumstances in which this is not true. We call these circumstances “market failures” – the time at which the market mechanism does not produce the optimal level of output. In other words, the market fails to allocate resources efficiently.

In a free market, the firm will measure the cost of production against the benefits of production mainly in terms of money. If there is an opportunity to make a profit, then the firm will commence production. However, this will not always produce the best output for society as a whole. Externalities are the side effects of production (or of consumption). They occur because the operation of the free market encourages people and businesses to look at the small scale picture, rather than a more global view. The most obvious example is pollution, but there are many more.

A negative externality occurs when the social cost is greater than the private cost. In this case, the product is said to be over-produced. This basic problem with employment alone will affect the costs of production and revenues of each business establishment and company in Hong Kong. This will conversely affect the structure of the market either analyzing it in the long run and in the short run. Day by the day, the negative effect of a shortage in employment will lead to irreversible blows in the economy and market structure of Hong Kong.

The companies in Hong Kong don’t have a choice but to increase salaries or maybe offer luxurious benefits to overseas workers just to hire them. Quality employment is one of the requirements of a successful business and if the pollution in Hong Kong continues to worsen, market failure will indeed put down the economy in the said region.

References

Beryns, R. H. , & Eriecksonn, P. F. (2007). Employment, the Economy and the Environment. Columbus, Ohio Kwong, Robin, (2007) HK admits Pollution is hurting Business. Hong Kong Financial Times.

DESCRIPTION PAPER: ART INTO TEXT The purpose of this short paper is to hone your abilities in using words to describe and understand the physical qualities of a work of art. By writing about art, you will take on the responsibility of examining it closely, organizing your perceptions and thoughts about it, and conveying in text an organized and clear summary of your visual analysis. First, choose a work to examine. There is no limit to which work you may choose, except that it must date from within our time period (the year 1400 of the common era to the present).

If you have concerns about your choice, consult the professor. Please do not choose a work that has been discussed extensively in class or in the textbook. You may choose a work that you can see first-hand in Hong Kong (at for instance the Hong Kong Museum of Art or the Hong Kong Heritage Museum, or a work of public sculpture). If you opt to do this, please identify where the object resides in your paper. If you desire to choose a work from the West or other places not immediately accessible, please find and utilize many reproductions of it, from as many different angles as possible, and with different levels of detail.

Please attach relevant images to the end of your paper (do not include them in the text). After choosing the work, you will then spend considerable time examining it (no less than 30 minutes is recommended). Then, take notes on what you see. Describe the media, principles of design and visual elements that you find in the work. Think about how line, volume, scale, balance, and/or visual rhythm are used in the work, if appropriate. Pay attention to as much of the surface of the work as you can see.

Do physical features of the work suggest the purpose of its creation, the meaning it is trying to communicate, or its use or original physical context? What can you infer about the culture that made this object from its physical features? Finally, compose a 2 to 4 page (double spaced, with regular fonts and margins) essay summarizing your findings. The bulk of the paper should be a well-organized description and formal analysis. You should organize this part of the paper logically, i. e. there should be an order to your description and analysis.

Then, taking the features and relationships in the work that you find most compelling and important, assess its cultural meaning and/or significance based upon your observations. This should be your conclusion. Do not conduct research for this assignment. The focus here should be on honing your observational skills. You will be graded on clarity of writing and word choice (25%), organization (25%), thoroughness of observation (25%), and the plausibility of your conclusions based on evidence at hand (25%). Paper due in class on Monday, September 24, 2012. Penalties for not following instructions:

Does not meet the page minimum: dropped a letter grade. Fonts and/or margins are oversized in order to meet page minimum: dropped five points. Illustrations are within the text rather than appended to the end: dropped a letter grade. Work chosen has been discussed in book or class extensively: dropped a letter grade. Research has been conducted: dropped two letter grades. Plagiary: automatic zero. Reuse of previously submitted material: automatic zero. Work is not within specified time period: dropped five points. Excessive redundancy/use of “filler”: points subtracted from thoroughness score.

Farris’s rules of good formal nonfiction writing: Avoid use of first and second person pronouns (I, you, we, us). Avoid passive voice. Avoid redundancies, both in word use and content. Be sure of the meaning of a word before making use of it. Simplify phrasing in order to be direct about what you want to convey. Organize your thoughts before starting to write. When not writing dialogue, paragraphs must be at least three sentences long. Sentences in a paragraph should address a single subject. Avoid starting a sentence with a conjunction. Avoid contractions. Omit unnecessary words. Assess evidence, not subjective reaction.

From the macro-environmental factors, how an catch the chances and challenge of hotel industry in Hong Kong over the next five years? What is the concept of macro-environmental? The macro environment is the broad business environment that is made up of a number of factors that can impact on the hospitality business (Hessian ,A. , dale, C. Clarke, A , Hospitality Business Development, 2010, p. 42). On the coming five years, Hong Kong hotel industry will be continual development ease on Tale plants on macro environment.

From the view of environmental, the tourism industry is a major pillar of the economy f Hong Kong (Hong Kong government, 2102), because the environmental diversification. It can make more chances to attract more tourists book the hotel and discover more in Hong Kong. For example some tourists come for day tips to go to attraction, shopping. Some tourists come for business to go to event and meeting. On the opportunity, many attractions are expansion in Hong Kong every year. For example, Ocean Park is looking forward to future. Ocean Park is the national attraction in Hong Kong.

Ocean Park will build the ocean hotel and the spa hotel in the theme park and connect the MET south island line. It can make a chance to increase tourism over next five years (Ocean Park. Com. Hack 2012). On the challenge, the air pollution is very serious in Hong Kong. Because of the air pollution, travelers will stop to Hong Kong. From the monthly pollution report, air quality has over 300 days exceeding pollution in 2011. According to World Health Organization Guidelines, Air quality warning meter is dangerous (Hadley Environmental Index, 2012).

If air pollution have not solved, this is big challenge and bad effect for Hong Kong tourism. The tourists prefer go to near areas for travel such s Taiwan, Thailand, Singapore etc. From the view of political regulatory, Hong Kong hotel industry is benefiting on the promotion, training political of government. To enhance the competitiveness of the hotel industry and entice visitors to lengthen their stay, the Hotel Accommodation Tax has been waived since July 1, 2008.

The Government has undertaken a number of initiatives to promote hotel development to meet the diversified needs of our visitors (Hong Kong Government, 2012). Also, The Government and the tourism and hotel industries share the common objective of constantly providing quality service, hereby reinforcing Hong Gong’s tourism brand and competitiveness (Hong Kong Government, 2012). The Hong Kong Government opens many training such as the ERP, the US, the WEEPIEST and the PM to support hotel industry.

Because of the government support, hotel can keep their quality and good develop on next five On the challenge, Hong Kong open the visit policy from China in 2003, but the policy start with negative impact. A large number of Chinese tourists to enter to Hong Kong on next five years, the hotel prices rise and make the place crowed, so that Europe ND the United States and elsewhere in Asia travelers deterred to Hong Kong (Hong Kong and Macro Individual Visit, 2012). We are too dependent on Chinese tourists in Hong Kong, if China happen to the problem, the Hong Kong hotel industry will encounter great difficulties.

From the view of technological, on the opportunity that many of Hong Kong hotels start to use and develop some modern facilities coming next five years such as put the computer in room for the hotel guests can see weather report, city map and shopping information. Also the guests can use online payment processing, for example one online payment system called Papal. It can good for the hotel guest trade their room fees speed fast, reliable, easy and cost-effective (Ebay, 2012). Also, the system can make you feel at ease shopping, the financial information is kept strictly confidential, preventing fraud or identity theft.

The hotel sales officer starts use the email for communication and promotion. It can build up the relationship more close and easy. The customs can first time to get the new promotion information. All of the chances have a good effect on hotel industry on next five On the challenge, electronic systems will have security loopholes, easy hacking, and theft of personal data. It will affect the image and reputation of the hotel. From view of socio-cultural, on the opportunity that many festivals such as mid- autumn festival, New Year and the Buddha Ting can attract tourist to Hong Kong.

For example, on the Christmas, This Shah Thus East Lighting has in its 30 years, it attract millions of visitors to Hong Kong to watch every years (Collective memories of Hong Kong peoples, 2012). Also, Hong Kong is a mature Convention and Exhibition City. Lat has conduct many events and convention every year. Hong Kong provide many business hotel for traveler for meeting and events. For example, Global Sources open many fairs on April and October every years in Hong Kong (Global Sources, 2012). They like to live some hotel near the Hong Kong convention center and the Asia World expo.

For example, The Marriott hotel build on the next of the Asia World expo, because of the demand of MICE, it attract many business traveler to this hotel coming next five years (Marriott hotel, 2012). Many Hong Kong people like slime and good service with tourist. Visitor can get more experience of socio-cultural in Hong Kong. On the challenge, nearly area such as Macaw, Singapore and Shanghai are development and attract on the MICE tourists. They become Hong Gong’s competitors in this regard on next five years, so Hong Kong have a big challenge to maintain on this edge.

From the view of economic, hotel average rent is $914 by 15. 8% increase in 2005 (Windpipe, 2005). Lot of hotels in construction because of the growing of economic and the big spending power come from mainland china. On the coming year 2013, Hong Kong will open four hotels such as Mira Moon, Best Western Grand Hotel etc ( Hong Kong Hotels Association, 2012). The occupancy rate of hotel as of September this year, it compared to increase of 6. 8% from 2011 (Hong Kong Tourism Board, 2012), so the hotel room demand is very large.

Because of money change rate, ARM is more purchasing power than Hong Kong dollar. It can get ten opportunity more tourists from China and live the hotel on next five years. To attract On the challenge, economic is very bad around the world. European debt crisis and financial crisis have a bad effect on the hotel industry on coming next five years. The financial crisis will result in part to poor management of the hotel to withdraw from he market (Ezekiel, 2012). Because of financial crisis, tourist sentiment to travel decreased. It is the big challenge of Hong Kong next five years.

To the conclusion, we can see that Hong Kong hospitality industry of hotel can have more challenging in the coming five years. Above five points of the decisive factors, it will conducive to the development of the hotel industry and future trends. I think that Hong Kong should improve the air quality first. The government can build more parks and reduce the car exhaust. Also, the government should more promotion Hong Kong o other country such as Europe and the Americas, it can balance the bad effect on China visit policy. Hong Kong should have a sense of crisis, as it has been a great competition in the near area.

lmovementHong Kong’s environmental problems and solutions Hong Kong is one of the top financial centers in the world. Thus, the environmental quality of Hong Kong is very important. It is because the environmental quality is indirectly linking to the image of Hong Kong. Moreover, the living standard of Hong Kong residents is also under influencing of the environmental quality. However, Hong Kong is now surviving serious environmental problems. Poor air quality, noise problem and heavy traffic loads are the three important problems of Hong Kong.

The members of Hong Kong should try their best to tackle these problems. Problem of air quality in Hong Kong is serious so we need to try our best to solve it. Three are two main reasons that causing the serious air pollution problem in Hong Kong. One of them is the increasing number of vehicles. Another is the huge amount of pollutants from industrial production. First of all, vehicle is a significant source of air pollution in Hong Kong. Commercial vehicles like buses and trucks always emit a huge amount of pollutants.

These pollutants contain large amounts of particulates that worsen the air quality. Secondly, the pollutants from industrial production are giving a helping hand in causing the air pollution problem. During the process of industrial production, energy conversion is always taken place. However, energy conversion operation will give out a certain amount of pollutant. For example, nitric oxide is formed when industrial combustion takes place. Air pollution has deep influence on human as well as the natural environment. For the human, the main influence is the health effect.

American Academy of Family Physicians (2010) explained that people who affected by air pollution will suffer from difficulty in breathing, coughing and even worsen their respiratory disease. In more serious case, the effect of air pollution may induce the permanent disease. For the natural environment, air pollution will intensify the problem of global warming. As there are a lot of particles emitted to the air, the heat released from the land will trap by these particles. Thus, the earth will become more and more hot. Once the global temperature is increase, more energy is generated in order to reduce the temperature.

However, more particles are emitted through the generate process. Thus, it will become a cycle. As we know the seriousness of the air pollution, we should take actions to deal with the problem. “The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government gives high priority to controlling both street-level air pollution and smog. ” (Environmental Protection Department, 2011) To reduce the pollutants emitted from vehicles, the Environmental Protection Department (2011) pointed out that the government has adopted a tighter fuel and vehicle emission standards and strengthens vehicle emission inspections against smoky vehicles.

These measures can effectively control the pollutants emission from vehicles. One the other, the waste gas giving out from industrial production should also be regulated. The government can install system on power generation plant and develop green energy power to reduce the emission of suspended particles. As a result, pollutants from industrial production can be largely reduced. We should take immediate actions to solve the serious noise problem in Hong Kong. As Hong Kong’s economy has grown in recent decades, so too has the noise that comes from transport, construction, commercial and industrial sources in this compact, densely populated city. ” (GovHK, 2011) There are two main sources of noise pollution in Hong Kong. They are noise from transportation and industry. Transportation is the main source of noise pollution. Because of their mobile nature, the areas under their influence can be extended. Vehicles produce the most extensive noise effect compare to trains and aircrafts. It is because it is difficult to control the noise produced from vehicles.

The source is thus difficult to chase as they are mobile. Heavy trucks, higher speed cars and frequent stop and start of cars always produce higher level of noise. On the other hand, industry is another important source of noise. In construction industry, high level of noise is always produced from the use of equipments. There are piling, compressor and bulldozers that produce high level of noise. Moreover, noise will also produced in manufacturing industry. During the operation of machines, noise is generated. Noise has more impacts than we expected. It will affect our health, daily life and environmental quality. The most immediate and acute health effect of excessive noise is impairment of hearing. ” (Singh. N, 2004) Prolonged exposure to noise can damage our ear cells. This may caused temporary or even permanent hearing loss. Also, noise can violate our cardiovascular system. It will make us hard to focus and concentrate as well as causing headaches. For the effect on our daily life, people’s working efficiency will be affected. Under noisy environment, teaching and learning will become less effective. Teachers and students need to pay more effort on concentrating on their work.

To tackle the noise problem, the Environmental Protection Department (2011) purposed to reduce traffic noise through careful land use planning. Better road planning will divert the noisy road from the residential areas and thus reduce the disturbance to the residents. Lastly, there is an urged to deal with to problem of traffic congestion. “The problem of traffic congestion in Hong Kong is caused by the lack using of public transport” (Lo I, 2004). Hong Kong is such a small place but there are a few million vehicles on the roads. We can see that there are a lot of private vehicles running on the road everyday.

The increasing of private vehicles increases the demand of the usage of the roads. As more and more vehicles are riding on the roads at the same time, the road system will then cannot afford. Traffic congestion occurs. Another cause of traffic congestion is less well-planned road system in Hong Kong. In Central, traffic congestion is common. It is because of the poor road system. Many vehicles will rush to Central at the rush hour, but the poor road system cannot help to divert the vehicles flow rate. So many vehicles are concentrated in Central and caused traffic congestion.

What are the impacts of traffic congestion? Firstly, Lo I. (2004) claimed that people are needed to pay heavy time cost for traffic congestion. The wasting of time may lead to the loss of business, late for work and school. So traffic congestion can also cause the economics loss. In addition, the image of Hong Kong will also be affect. Hong Kong is an international financial center that gives the world an image of efficient. However, traffic congestion will make the damages of this image. People will wonder why Hong Kong, such a well-developed city, is having the problem of traffic congestion.

So, measures should be taking to relieve this problem. The government should have a better road planning in order to release the heavy traffic burden in Central. Education cannot be avoided in order to educate the citizen to use more public transport. To conclude, poor air quality, noise problem and traffic congestion are the three issues that the government needs to deal with. These problems are not only affected the people’s standard of living but also the image of Hong Kong. It is no doubt that the Hong Kong people should focus on these problems and solve them together.

Sexy photos of teen models are polished in magazines and you fell that these photos have a negative impact. Write a letter to the editor describing the situation and suggesting what the media, teenagers and parents can do about it. Dear Editor, It has been brought to the limelight that sexy photo of teen models has become prevalent lately. Stakeholders from different walks of life have various perceptions about this issue. As a major stakeholder myself, a teenager, I would like to voice my opinion towards this hot topic.

Seeing sexy photos of teen models on magazines is no longer a new thing to Hong Kong citizens. The emergence of teen model was fostered under the opening mindset of HonkKongers. I cannot deny the hard fact that teen model is the output of the change in citizens’ mindset and people cannot exploit the existence of a certain industry, in this case the teen model industry, but my stance point is that the prevalence has gone too far. What I mean by “the prevalence has gone too far” is that provocative photos of teen models started to appear in places that they are not suppose to be.

A case in point is the “intrusion” of teen model in the annual book fair. This sparked intense discussion and controversy while I opted to take the stance agreeing that it create negative trend to the practice. On a macro view, not only has the prevalence of teen model and their provocative photos create negative rend to the book fair practice, but also posed detrimental imparts to the community as whole. In the first place, the popularization of teen models sexy photos promotes pornography as well as inappropriate-open minds towards sex in teenagers.

In the long run, it can constitute various serious problems, such as teen pregnancy, teen abortion and compensated dating etc. As Juveniles are the future pillars of the society, we cannot let them go astray. Secondly, it also worsens the reputation of some related industry such as the fashion and model industry in Hong Kong. Foreign industries may deem that of Hong Kong is low-profile and end up avoid cooperating or collaborating with Hong Kongs fashion workers. Consequently, Hong Kong may suffer a loss in foreign investors in this field.

Before the negative influences have gone any further, media, teenagers and parents should put their heads together to address this situation and procrastination Media clearly has the responsibility to halt this situation. It should promote healthy image of models and avoiding publishing provocative photos of models considering the audience of their products. As for teenagers, since they are easily affected by things and people around, it is very important for them to learn how to distinguish between right and wrong, so as to make sure they don’t receive any nappropriate information.

Parents also play a vital role in adolescences’ life especially when they hit puberty. They are at too tender an age to identify inappropriate messages on their own. Therefore, they need parental guidance. Parents are thus incumbent in leading their children through this tough period without letting them fall prey to obscene information. Problems cannot be solved without concrete efforts. I hope the current situation can be changed and wish the media and all teenagers healthy developments.

Disney Theme Parks Case 1. What do you think motivated Disney to set up parks abroad, and what might be the pros and cons from the standpoint of the Walt Disney Company? The reason behind Disney’s motivation to set up theme parks abroad were mostly because of business opportunities. Based on how successful the Disney Theme Park is in the United States and the attraction they are gaining from foreigners, the management probably realized that it is time to consider entering the global market. By doing this, it would mean an increase of sales for the company.

This is somehow a form of advertisement for people to buy their products and even to attract more and more consumers. Opening another theme park in a different country would also contribute to the survival of the company should their theme park in the United States lower in sales. On the other hand, for the cons, one is concerning the cultural factors that may hinder the company from doing business in other countries. A good example would be the concerns in Paris. They feared that putting up a Disney Theme Park in their country might destroy their own culture. Another con would probably be the area where the park would be best put up.

In other words, which area the theme park should be placed that would be profitable. Transportation is another factor as well as competition from other theme parks abroad. 2. Why do you suppose Disney made no financial investment in Japan, one of $140 million in France, and then one of over $300 million in Hong Kong? Disney made no financial investment in Japan because they were considering the risks of building one. They probably think that it might not be as profitable or that putting up a Disney Theme Park in Japan would outweigh the cons than the benefits.

Paris, like what was mentioned in the case, is the most visited European City and the French are the largest European consumers of Disney Products. This is the reason why Disney invested in Paris. Also they were getting a lot of support from the country’s government. And with their help, they would be able to get investors. According to the case, the reason why Disney invested only $140 million to take 49% of the ownership in a $5 billion worth of operation was due to the problems they have encountered before, which is the fear of France’s culture to be destroyed.

So what Disney did was to add attractions that would cater to French tastes and agreeing to make French the first language in the park. Aside from France, Disney also invested in Hong Kong. The case states that Disney is interested in Asia since it accounts for about half the world’s population and is becoming affluent enough that more people can afford to take trips and pay for leisure activities. They chose Hong Kong not only for their infrastructure, but also because it is Asia’s largest tourist destination.

In addition, the families that live in Hong Kong are those with higher family incomes than mainland Chinese cities. Soon after, the two agreed to a joint venture that included 57% ownership by the Hong Kong government and the remaining by Disney. 3. What factors in the external environment have contributed to Disney’s success, failure, and adjustments in foreign them park operations? There are many factors in the external environment that contributed both to Disney’s success and failure.

For the factors that contributed to the success, one would probably be Disney’s already popular reputation, which helped them in entering the global market easily. Another is their strategy of focusing on countries that would ensure and give them better business opportunities. Another factor to be considered is the government support they are getting. As for the factors that contributed to their failure, one that is mentioned in the case is that they encounter problems concerning the culture of other countries.

Another example would be the almost downfall of Euro Disney when their shares went down to 39% and the general public to 36%. This is probably due to the high prices and their no-alcohol policy. Another factor that contributed to their failure is the climate. Some countries were just too cold to attract visitors. 4. Should Disney set up a park in Shanghai? If so, what types of operating adjustments might it make there? It is not advisable for Disney to put up a theme park in Shanghai. One of the major reasons is competition.

The case states that China has built more than 2000 amusement parks, ranging from lavish to shoddy. Although most of them have not done well, putting up a Disney Theme Park would not necessarily mean that it would eliminate its competitors. In addition, China’s one child per family policy may hinder the success of Disney. The visitors of Disney Theme Parks are mostly children, and if the number is lacking, it would also probably mean lack of visitors. Another reason is that if Disney puts up a theme park in Shanghai, there would be few customers since there is also a Disney theme park in Hong Kong.

1. The HK Jockey Club’s stakeholders are as follows: (1)The government. The HK Jockey Club, as a large single taxpayer, could contribute to the government’s fiscal revenue. (2)Hong Kong charities. The HK Jockey Club gives annual donations on which many Hong Kong charities depend. (3)The citizens of Hong Kong. The HK Jockey Club would allocate operational surpluses to support the social and civic needs related to the community services, education, medical and health. (4)The employees. The state of business of HK Jockey Club would affect the wellbeing and the salary of the employees. 5)The customers and the club members. The actions taken by the HK Jockey Club could influence or be influenced by the racing and betting public, the lottery players and the club members. 2. The challenges faced by the HK Jockey Club as it engages in CSR initiatives are as follows: (1)The HK Jockey Club regularly consults the government about the community needs when deciding the distribution of the donations; however, the Club sometimes receives the criticism for the allocation of donations. 2)How the HK Jockey Club expands its gaming business on Mainland China without violating the Chinese law in terms of gambling. (3)How to make use of the launch of an Individual Visit Scheme and the recovery of the economy in HK to upturn the betting turnover proportionately. (4)Although the move of legalizing football betting could reduce illegal bookmakers, increase the tax revenue and advance charitable funds, it potentially encourages gambling among youth. The operation of football betting may cause problem and pathological gambling. 5)The public does not well recognize the status of the Jockey Club as not-for profit. People are not aware of the charitable investments conducted by the HK Jockey Club 3. (1)The Jockey Club should conduct several researches before the enhancing of the racing product or the regulatory change. Specifically, the Jockey Club could survey the public opinion toward the plan and consult the government, the club members and the employees to evaluate the plan feasibility. In addition, the Jockey Club could compare its situation with that of other countries that encounter with similar issues to assess the ethical mplications. (2)The Jockey Club should stop the plan or transform the marketing strategy if it does not comply with the domestic or foreign legislation. The Jockey Club should not only uphold the rule of law in Hong Kong, but also respect the legislations in other countries. Moreover, the Jockey Club should provide sufficient education for the public especially the youth about the improvement of the racing product to avoid problem and pathological gambling. Furthermore, the Jockey Club could cooperate with the government to raise the public vigilance of the illegal or unauthorized gambling.