Humanities Commerce: Types of Business – Case Study: Salty Fish Finds Sweet Success

Thailand is one of the world’s leading countries in producing rice. The Thai public, especially the poor eat rice with salty fish, a delicacy. They find this dish cost and taste efficient. This simple dish has turned into a multi-million baht business. Many marine firms have turned their eyes on this field and have started producing salty fish. Although it is hard to be successful and create a market with some risk involved, P.N. Marine owned by Mrs Nusara Thawornthawewong is an example of successful firm in this operating environment. This essay will study and explore, a) the origin of P.N. Marine, b) the development of the firm, c) how it was affected by the government, d) the positive and negative effect of the business on the local community and economy, e) the firm’s negative impact on the local environment. These concepts will be assisted by a number of business terms and concepts.

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An efficient firm can only be set up if the owner has enough land, labor, capital and entrepreneur-ship skills. But along with these four factors of production, motivation and inspiration towards the business is also essential.

Mrs. Nusara had all the factors of production. She had enough money (invested 12 baht which was lots 30 years back), had land (her house would be her factory), had labor/partner (her mother helped her) and also she had entrepreneur-ship skills (experience from working at a salty fish making plant).

Mrs. Nusara Thawornthawewong had motivation to her business too. The article states that, “…more concerned about earning money to help her parents and siblings.” Her motivation was there. Her background and situations were her motivators. She wanted to help her parents and siblings (brothers and sisters) financially.

Mrs. Nusara has been involved in her business for around three decades and in these three decades her firm has developed quite a lot. In Figure one, this development can be easily seen. This data has been analyzed and concluded from the ‘Salty Fish finds sweet success’ news article. We can also conclude from the figure that in last 10 years, the development of the firm was sophisticated and fast.

P.S. Note that the timeline has been drawn diagonally going up since the business has been getting higher profits every year (like a profit graph). “Even so turnover grew steadily” and “The group earned at least 10 million baht a year,” these quotes prove the statements I made above.

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P.N. Marine was blessed from every angle and side. Even the government was a help to them not a hindrance. Mrs. Nusara would agree with me if I say the government played a major role in increasing her firms control over the market. The government first of all, gave them a FDA certificate for their good and hygienic quality of food. Then the government certified them as Halal food for Muslims. These two certificates from the government surely increased the company’s USP (Unique Selling Pont image) enlarging the company’s control over the market and capturing a place in the hearts of the public.

The Invigorating Thai Business programme organized by the government also provided essential feedback to increase efficiency and develop the company further. When P.N. Marine, “…sought assistance from the Industrial Promotion Department through the Invigorating Thai Business programme created to help companies increase effeciency in their operations,” they agreed to help them. In brief the government overall has had a very positive impact on the business thus being supported strongly in the “General Business Environment” poltically.

P.N. Marine, now a private limited company, has had negative and positive impacts upon the economy and community.

The impacts upon the economy are not very big. This is because the business is running in a country where a mixed economy is used and it is running in a Monopolistic Competition (since a) there are many sellers and buyers, b) they are price takers, c) there are no barriers to entry and, d) firms produce differentiated products). Yes, there are effects on the economy. These effects apply only to the Operating Environment. One negative effect is that it is a threat to its competitors since its USP is very high and the company is very experienced (Intensity of Competitive Rivalry).

The firm has positive impacts upon the economy too. A positive impact to the economy would be that since it, “sells (marine fishes) to feed mills or pet food factories,” P.N. Marine would have a positive impact on the mills. Since P.N. Marine runs in a monopolistic competition, there are a numerous amounts of sellers (in this case supplier of marine fishes) and these mills thus have a wide variety of suppliers to chose from. To get control over the market P.N. Marine would sell quality fish at low prices. Here we can see the positive impact in the Operating Environment for the buyers/firms who receive the supplied marine fishes (Power of Suppliers).

Another positive impact of the firm on the economy is that its presence would increase Thailand’s production of marine fishes and seafood’s. Also they are traded all over the world and hence high money flow will happen in the country. Also since P.N. Marine is making higher profits each year and is a private limited company, the profits are taxed twice by the government. This has a positive impact on the economy too.

Other than these positive impacts, the company also provides employment to over 150 workers, and provide cheap food for the poor (decreasing death rates and increasing health rates).

These were the positive and negative impacts of the firm on the economy and society and business environment the firm works in.

P.N. Marine works as a marine corporation. This has direct negative impacts on the environment. First of all it destroys marine life in the coastal areas. If we think carefully, Thailand is a favorite tourist spot for its beautiful marine life and coastal regions i.e. beaches. The firm may destroy Thailand’s marine life decreasing tourism and negative impact on the economy and the environment. Along with this the company also increases pollution having a negative impact on the local environment.

These were few negative impacts the firm has on the local environment.

My essay has now studied and looked at all the factors I had stated in my thesis statement. In brief, here is a summarized version of the essay’s analysis. Mrs. Nusara’s motivator was her family financial problems i.e. she wanted to earn money and help her parents and siblings.

We also got to know through this essay, the progress and development of P.N. Marine over the years i.e. right from its start to now. The development of the firm was fairly slow but as turnover grew quickly, more capital was available for expansion of the business.

The government was overall had a positive remark for the firm. It helped develop the firm efficiently and also give a USP boost/reputation boost to the company, which increased turnover and control over the market.

The firm has had a fairly very positive impact on the local economy, business environment and community providing money flow into the country, employing people, and allowing pet food industries to produce high quality products at low prices. The negative impact is that it is a threat to other firms in its operating environment since P.N. Marine has high reputation and USP rating.

The firm overall has had a very negative impact on the wider environment although the local environment is not suffering as much.

My essay hence has studied and explored, a) the origin of P.N. Marine, b) the development of the firm, c) how it was affected by the government, d) the positive and negative effect of the business on the local community and economy, e) the firm’s negative impact on the local environment. These concepts were assisted by a number of business terms and concepts. In conclusion, my essay has studied all factors efficiently getting fairly good conclusions and analysis.

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Reflection on Humanities

Reflection on Humanities Art is very important in our lives. It constitutes one of the oldest form and most important means of expression developed by man. It is a language, which is charged with feelings and significance that has sprung up among men living together. For this, I am very glad to experience the beauty of arts, to meet arts within my body and soul. The teaching of the humanities is intended to make us students realize that the mere possession of knowledge is useless unless put to useful ends.

Moreover, we would become aware that knowledge alone is meaningless unless it is accompanied by values, sentiments, priorities, insights, inter-relationships and other transcendent realities not subject to empirical proofs also form part of the person’s education. In the humanities, we, students are exposed to these, thus, the development of the whole person, which is the goal of humanities. The humanities are the stories, the ideas, and the words that help us make sense of our lives and our world.

The humanities introduce us to people we have never met, places we have never visited, and ideas that may have never crossed our minds. By showing how others have lived and thought about life, the humanities help us decide what is important in our own lives and what we can do to make them better. By connecting us with other people, they point the way to answers about what is right or wrong, or what is true to our heritage and our history.

The humanities help us address the challenges we face together in our families, our communities, and as a nation. I am blessed to have met Mr. Apas. I knew and realized the glaring importance and beauty of what he always tell us regarding culture and art in our humanities class. But I pray the effort for each of us to grasp at what he was aiming, might at the very least bring us to a better understanding of arts and culture.

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Reflection on Humanities Cultural Background Variety

Everything that we do or think reflects upon one of a variety of cultures that we may belong to. As a variety of cultures come and blend together to become one, this movie is no different from that. With the sociological approach, music, and non-traditional vs. traditional cultures depicting the psychological concepts, it is what makes the forefront this adventure portrayed throughout the film.

These days there are those people who believe that racism is a thing of the past. In the beginning two football players detested each other, but their love for the game brought them together. Gerry Bertier and Julius Campbell later on got to one another and became the best of friends. One evening while Gerry is getting ready to go play some basketball with Julius in his neighborhood, his mother walks in and finds out what he is planning on doing and she refuses to let Gerry go. As Gerry tries to make his mother understand, all she could say was “I don’t want to get to know him” and “Gerry you are going to church with me instead.” So Gerry ends up going with his mother to church instead of going to play basketball with Julius.

Within this scene, the concept of psychology is presented through a sociological approach. Meaning that this approach is a general view of human behavior that focuses on the broad social structures that often influence the society as a whole and subsequently its individuals. This is often how people would respond under pressure around them due the them being controlled by the culture that they are a part of. With this scene stated above Gerry was heavily influenced by his mother.

At first he had no problem with going to an African American community to play some basketball with his new friend, Julius, but once his mother heavily disapproved, Gerry changed his thought process. Gerry was put under per pressure into believing that going to play with Julius would be wrong. Back in those days it was against the norm to be friends with a person of a different race. This scene portrays the concept of the sociology approach by showing how Gerry’s decision is influenced by society. Where the film portrays the idea that whites are superior to African Americans. This idea was passed down from previous generations to Gerry’s mother and she was trying to pass it on to her son. Although Gerry was pushing against society’s norms, they were pushing back and within this instance society won. However that soon would not be the case.

When the team gets to camp, the players separate themselves by race. This had created an environment of competition where it shows that it only creates a greater problem of prejudice and discrimination. In order to get the boys to come together, Coach Boone forces the players to get to know each of their new different teammates by forcing them to share space together by rooming and eating together. This however creates tension between the team members.

Since Coach Boone also required the players to get to know one another individually, this exercise portrays a good example of contact hypothesis where people are assigned together and get to know one another. One pair, Gerry and Julius, was one of those successful pairs. These boys met the prerequisites necessary for contact hypothesis to take action due to them personally interacting with one another not only as students, but also as teammates which creates them of equal status. The players, as young men, are forced to interact as roommates and during practice thus making sustained interaction that becomes cooperative when they realize that their stereotypical thoughts and discriminatory actions were preventing their team to succeed.

The argument between Gerry and Julius about neither of them cooperating then create a common goal that brings them closer together. These two young men are portrayed as the stereotypical white boy, who uses his rich influential parents to obtain his goal and the black boy, who is hostile and unable to be a team player. However Gerry and Julius defeat all odds by becoming friends until Gerry’s death. This lifelong friendship was proof that Coach Boone’s strategy of contact hypothesis worked for them.

This film portrays both traditional and non-traditional culture where Coach Boone and his daughter, Nicky, represented a traditional culture, as Coach Yoast and Sheryl represented the nontraditional culture. Sheryl is not your typical girl, she is always at the football field with her father. Often Sheryl is more interested in the team’s games rather than most of the parents and not playing another sport. When Sheryl visits Coach Boone’s house, she would much rather watch a tape of the football game or the opponent’s tape than play dolls with Nicky. Whereas Nicky is the description of traditional culture due to her always wearing dresses, having her nails done, and steers clear of any kind of athletic sport that involves a ball. The gender roles are evident here and are different within these two cultures presented.

The concepts presents is what helps identify cultures that we, as individuals, belong to. Within the variety of cultures that exist, there are always similarities and differences that can be discovered. Throughout the film each concept was accurately portrayed. For example, in the music scene the difference in the taste of music is seen as a comedy piece in the film.

Your Critique

After watching this film, I did not realize how psychology had played such a dominant role in films until now under a different perspective. Since psychology portrays us as the people we are, it kind of makes sense. As human beings, we are defined by the culture that we live in. Yet this was not the only thing that was displayed within the film. For example, when Sheryl is scolded several times when she demonstrates her passions for football and for the way she dresses. It showed that the director wanted the audience to notice not one but several scenes of where Sheryl and Nicky demonstrate their differences and the way that they are treated in relation to those differences.

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Existentialist Curriculum on the Humanities

“I should seek not the way, but my way. ” Rather than follow a strict set of rules about what school should or should not be like, the existentialist chooses his or her own vision of education. There is truly no one right way for students to learn or one method of teaching that is universally applicable. Existentialism classrooms therefore offer freedom for both educator and student. The existentialist model also encourages growth and creativity through limitless freedom. As Blaise Pascal said, “Live today as if you were to die tomorrow.

According to this philosophy, the students and teachers would do whatever they felt inspired to do at that moment, and curriculum would be loose. The existentialist teacher eschews structure. The existentialist does not attempt to become a specialist because to do so is too restricting. I agree with the quote, “Specialization diminishes a man-He is a creature of knowledge, not the master of it. ” I also appreciate the existentialist vision of education as a “conversation between persons in which each person remains a subject for the other, a conversation.

With this viewpoint, the teacher is not authoritarian, and does not stand up in front of the class and lecture all day. Finally, the existentialist teacher helps students achieve self-realization. I agree that the purpose of education is more than just to memorize multiplication tables or vocabulary words. There is a reason why students don’t like school, and if more teachers incorporated the fundamental philosophies of existentialism in their classrooms, more students would enjoy school. Learning would be more fun. I had an existentialist teacher in high school.

The class was social studies, but we did not have a textbook. Rather, the teacher taught to us from Buddhist teachings and encouraged each student in the class to discuss the meaning of life. Instead of memorizing historical data, we learned how to think creatively about our world and about our own selves. The existentialist classroom can focus on any subject. In fact, the true existentialist classroom focuses on as many subjects as possible, and is not restricted to math, English, science, or history. However, when teaching restrictive subjects like math, the teacher uses highly creative methods rather than rote learning.

The existentialist teacher brings in various multimedia materials, and welcomes technology as a tool for teaching. The teacher teaches whatever the students appear interested in on that day rather than force them to focus on one specific thing. The students and teacher might sit together in a circle, rather than in typical classroom format. Students are encouraged to tell stories and share jokes. They might perform some creative projects with art or music. Games are also encouraged. The existentialist class is frequently held outside on the lawn on sunny days, or alternatively, goes on a field trip to a park or wherever seems fun that day.

If it’s raining, the teacher might bring in a movie to teach a unit on cinematography or on a specific theme. The existentialist classroom also incorporates current events as a means to expand the students’ awareness of their universe. Furthermore, the teacher imparts knowledge regarding psychological and social coping skills; the existentialist class is not about rote memorization of specific materials but rather on the big picture: the meaning of life and the life purpose behind education. The existentialist views humanity as integral in the perception of reality.

Rather than see a physical universe “out there” that exists independently of the person as a realist would, the existentialist knows that human consciousness alters reality. Human beings are therefore active creators and participants in the universe. In order to better understand the metaphysical underpinnings of the universe we first need to better understand ourselves. The quote “Man is nothing other than what he makes himself” refers to the power of human consciousness in shaping personal as well as collective reality: we are what we think.

Human beings are born with free will; free will is neither good nor an ideal; often free will is a source of our pain and suffering, for when we make mistakes we suffer the consequences. Therefore, free will enables human beings to make painful mistakes in order that we may learn and grow. Because of the absolute nature of free will, each person is ultimately responsible for his or her own actions. Knowledge is highly variable, and not as absolute as some may believe. An individual’s knowledge depends on his or her interpretation of the world, and is also highly dependent on his or her personal value systems.

Beliefs inform reality. While some knowledge has been codified, the codification of knowledge is not absolute. Human beings are continuously shifting our view of the universe, as our understanding expands and grows. Moreover, people in different cultures and from different backgrounds have different worldviews and therefore have different knowledge. No one form of knowledge is any more or less valuable than another, just different. Specialization is an attempt to own knowledge, to master something completely. However, specialization “diminishes the man” because specialization is by definition limiting.

The existentialist teacher seeks as many different opinions as possible to enrich the conversation. Teaching is a process of conversation and collaboration, a back-and-forth sharing of ideas. All teachers must be aware of their limitations and not attempt to falsely represent themselves as “experts. ” An existentialist curriculum will focus on the humanities because of the openness and creativity inherent in the humanities. Students actively participate; they don’t simply sit back and try to absorb material from the teacher.

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Liberal Education as a Livingstone

During a time when unemployment is at its lowest since World War II, one would think that finding a job would be easy. However, at this point in time, applicants for jobs are more qualified than ever. The competition for well-paid jobs is stiff, and in order to get ahead people need not only skill in one certain area, but a general intelligence of many subjects as well. A liberal education provides the general knowledge that gives job applicants an extra edge when applying for a job. With a base of knowledge in the liberal arts and a specialization in a certain area, people prove to be beneficial to employers.

Throughout this paper, I will use the term “liberal education” not only in describing subjects like English, history, philosophy etc. , but as Livingstone describes a liberal education: an education which “aims at producing as perfect and complete a human being as may be. ” In using the term “liberal education” I expect that all graduates of a liberal arts college have an expertise in rhetoric, as the art of speaking and writing well is a key focus in the curriculum. I will also use the “specialized education” in reference to Livingstone”s definition: an education “which aims at earning a living or making money”.

Undergraduates pursuing a liberal undergraduate education have an advantage over people with a specialized undergraduate education because liberal education provides a greater versatility in terms of a broader base of knowledge so that finding a job and excelling in different areas is easier. Training in art of rhetoric, which today is defined as the art of speaking and writing effectively, is a valuable asset for job hunters. Specialized undergraduate curriculums focus less on rhetoric than liberal arts curriculums.

A person with training in rhetoric would be hired over another applicant due to their expertise in communicating ideas effectively through speech and writing. Companies aim to employ intelligent people who can express themselves wisely and eloquently because in nearly every profession, writing well and persuading others to one”s opinion is essential: scientists have to apply for grants in order to fund their research and experiments; businessmen must present proposals and of course, columnists and authors who have not mastered the skill of rhetoric are less likely to find a job and be successful in terms of status and salary.

Ability to express oneself clearly and effectively designates to what level one may raise in the corporate ladder, for people with refined writing skills benefit companies to a large extent, while people with less skill in writing have less influence, and therefore less power. People with a liberal education are skilled in multiple areas and therefore can be of more benefit to employers. Rather than a specialized study in one area, a liberal education provides students with a broad range of knowledge that attracts employers. As Virtruvius says, liberal education teaches the student the connection between different disciplines.

Knowing and realizing the relationship between subjects, an employee can perform a greater number of tasks and learn new ones more rapidly thus being more valuable to a company. Should a man lose his job due to it becoming extinct or other reasons, a liberal education would provide a better cushion to fall back on because of the diversity of subjects studied. For example, if a court stenographer loses his job due to a new audio technology that records and word-processes court proceedings, he would not have to, in a sense, start over for lack of knowledge in other areas.

Utilizing his knowledge in rhetoric, philosophy, history, and other humanities, he could find another job without going back to school. On the other hand, the opposition would report that a liberal education would not benefit many people because a curriculum based on the humanities repels many students. Rather than take courses that disinterest them, students should specialize in subjects they enjoy. One should not waste money on an education that does not focus on one”s interests; an education that does not stimulate the student is a failed education.

In order to make the most out of undergraduate years, the students should study what interests them. In rebuttal, a liberal education does not suit every personality or preference. However, in the job market, having a liberal undergraduate education and a specialized graduate education gives people an advantage, for not only are they trained specially in their specific area, but they also have a general knowledge of the liberal arts. Students interested in areas such as technology and sciences should take classes that interest them.

However, in addition to the sciences courses, rhetoric classes would prove beneficial even in a scientific line of study. Every occupation entails writing in some way, and sharpening one”s writing skills only reaps more benefits when searching for a job. Many people interested in the sciences and technologies specialize during their undergraduate years, and therefore miss out on training in rhetoric. Specialists who take classes to improve writing are better-prepared and more likely for find a job.

Another argument of the opposition: people who start specializing during undergraduate years are better prepared for graduate school. They master and excel in one specific area of study. Whereas, it would take someone with a general undergraduate education a longer time to master a specific area of study because of the attention spent on a broad education during undergraduate years. Instead of spending thousands of dollars on a general education, students could use the four years to specialize in the field that they enjoy.

A liberal education may prove beneficial for students who are unsure about their major, but focused students should not waste their time on general education. Students who know what they want to focus on should specialize their education in order to expedite their college time and either start a masters degree or start their careers. It may take longer for a generally trained undergraduate to specialize in a certain area, but then again, if they are trained in understanding the connection between different areas of study, they may be able to pick up different subjects more quickly.

There are really two issues here to refute. First, when studying, why is everything such a rush? People are in a hurry to enter the job force rather than to take their time during their schooling. I suppose the answer to the question is money. While people are in school they pay thousands of dollars and receive very little back in comparison. Once they start working they can begin the payback period. Sadly, those who enter the workforce first do win in the sense that they can start paying back their debt, while the people still in school keep accumulating debt.

Second, even if people with a liberal arts education enter the workforce at the same time, they are not at a disadvantage in terms of knowledge capability as the previous argument concludes. In fact, liberal arts undergraduates may be at a slight advantage in terms of useful knowledge. For example, two applicants for a job have both had the same graduate education but one (person 1) had been trained in the liberal arts during undergraduate years, and the other (person 2) had specialized earlier.

Assuming the two candidates preformed equally in gradate school, which may not be a fair assumption due to person 2″s past knowledge and previous study, however, for argument”s sake, assume both were successful in graduate school. An employer would choose person 1 because of the liberal arts background on top of the specialized graduate schooling. An employer would know that people with a liberal arts background are not only intelligent in their specific line of study, but also understand the connection between disciplines, and would choose the person with the broad base of education.

In discussing liberal arts training, one assumes that every student who graduates has a well-developed knowledge of all the subjects a liberal education offers. However, it is not fair to assume that every student attending a liberal arts undergraduate school explores each subject extensively and excels in every class. Many students take advantage of the time they spend in undergraduate school by partying on weeknights and coming to class so tired that they cannot concentrate on the lesson, or even worse, they skip class all together.

This careless behavior towards schooling hurts not only the students” understanding of the material, but their grades as well. It is time that all upperclassmen graduate with honors rather than just slide by. The effect on the community and world would be astounding. Thousands of great minds graduate from college every year and become success stories like Bill Gates. Imagine every college student intellectually on par with the smartest graduate. Our world would be a different place. That is the place to which we should strive, and we have reached out goal when everyone achieves individual excellence.

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Space Defining Architecture

Lynda Nwankwo Humanities 101-011 11/9/2012 SPACE DEFINING ARCHITECTURE An average population of the world views space and structure through the visual elements provided. Brick, tree, corridor, door, window, trim and carpet are only a few of these visual elements. All of the elements combine to allow us to experience a space. These experiences should be the designer’s goal when conceiving the space in question. Some spaces are created to encourage social interaction while others are designed to encourage silence and reflection.

Think about the space that you are in now. If you are in an office, most likely it is institutionalized with a nominal amount of light and large capacity for production. Let’s say you are in a municipal park. Most likely you are relaxed and enjoying time away from the office and other stresses of life. It is the purpose of this paper to explore the relationships between these elements and how you experience a space. “Behind all seen things lies something vaster; everything is but a path, a portal or a window opening on something other than itself. ? Antoine de Saint-Exupery, Wind, Sand, and Stars :Harcourt Brace Javanovich, New York, 1967 We spend our lives inside buildings, our thoughts shaped by their walls. Nevertheless, there’s surprisingly little research on the psychological implications of architecture. How do different spaces influence cognition? Is there an ideal kind of architectural structure for different kinds of thinking? To begin I would like to define architecture and explain why it is important to design with experience in mind.

Here at New Jersey Institute Of Technology, it is engrained into architecture students that our definition of architecture is the following: “Architecture is the blend of science, art and technology to provide a meaningful interaction between an audience and the space that they occupy. ” Color can have a large variety of effects on the occupants of a space. As a designer conceives a space, the color should be used as a function of the space as much as the walls or ceilings. Yellow, for instance is a color that tends to grab attention more than other colors.

This would make it a good color to use in corridors to show occupants where to go next. Since it also tends to increase metabolism, yellow should also be used in dining spaces such as restaurants. Along with color, spatial qualities can play a large role in how we experience a space. At the moment, I think we’re only beginning to grasp the relevant variables of design. Christian Jarrett, for instance, highlights a new study on curved versus rectilinear furniture. The study itself was simple: subjects viewed a series of rooms filled with different kinds of couches and lounge chairs.

Needless to say, we’re only beginning to grasp how the insides of buildings influence the inside of the mind. For now, it’s safe to say that tasks involving accuracy and focus – say, copyediting a manuscript, or doing some algebra – are best suited for short spaces with red walls. In contrast, tasks that require a little bit of creativity and abstract thinking benefit from high ceilings, lots of windows and bright blue walls that match the sky. The point is that architecture has real cognitive consequences, even if we’re just beginning to learn what they are.

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Humanities Chap 14

1. This German Augustinian friar made the first dramatic act of the Protestant Reformation by issuing the invitation to debate indulgences issued in 1517 in Wittenberg. A) Luther B) Knox C) Wyclif D) Hus Points Earned:5. 0/5. 0 Correct Answer(s):A 2. In which country was John Calvin the leader of the Reformation? A) Geneva B) Zurich C) Vienna D) Madrid Points Earned:5. 0/5. 0 Correct Answer(s):A 3. Which of these countries remained faithful to Roman Catholicism during the Reformation? A) England B) Sweden C) Austria D) Switzerland Points Earned:5. 0/5. 0 Correct Answer(s):C 4.

This man translated the Bible into German in 1521. A) Luther B) Erasmus C) James I D) Zwingli Points Earned:5. 0/5. 0 Correct Answer(s):A 5. This group created the Index of forbidden books in the 1500s. A) Roman Catholic Church B) Anabaptists C) Puritans D) Calvinists Points Earned:5. 0/5. 0 Correct Answer(s):A 6. Our modern form of the essay is rooted in the short meditative writings of this author. A) More B) Montaigne C) Cervantes D) Petrarch Points Earned:5. 0/5. 0 Correct Answer(s):B 7. Much of Durer’s greatest work is done in this medium. A) oil painting B) woodcut C) fresco D) watercolor

Points Earned:5. 0/5. 0 Correct Answer(s):B 8. Bosch’s Garden of Earthly Delights is an example of a: A) fresco. B) watercolor. C) oil painting. D) triptych. Points Earned:5. 0/5. 0 Correct Answer(s):D 9. This artist is best known for his paintings of peasant life in the 1560s. A) Bruegel B) Bernini C) Rubens D) Giotto Points Earned:5. 0/5. 0 Correct Answer(s):A 10. The type of speech is delivered by an actor alone on stage or unheard by others and is used to reveal the character’s inner feelings. A) soliloquy B) burin C) requiem D) aria Points Earned:5. 0/5. 0 Correct Answer(s):A 11.

This artist painted portraits of prospective brides for England’s Henry VIII. A) Hilliard B) Holbein the Younger C) Grunewald D) Durer Points Earned:5. 0/5. 0 Correct Answer(s):B 12. To whom is “A Mighty Fortress Is Our God” most frequently attributed? A) Zwingli B) Calvin C) Knox D) Luther Points Earned:5. 0/5. 0 Correct Answer(s):D 13. This man first introduced the printing press into England. A) Bosch B) Calvin C) Durer D) Caxton Points Earned:5. 0/5. 0 Correct Answer(s):D 14. What term is used to identify the spectators who stood in the pit as they viewed a performance of an Elizabethan play?

A) groundlings B) soliloquies C) burins D) treatises Points Earned:5. 0/5. 0 Correct Answer(s):A 15. Which language was used in written form for the first time in translating the Bible? A) Greek B) Sanskrit C) Latin D) Finnish Points Earned:0. 0/5. 0 Correct Answer(s):D 16. To which nation of the British Isles did John Knox spread Calvinism? A) Ireland B) Wales C) England D) Scotland Points Earned:5. 0/5. 0 Correct Answer(s):D 17. The burin is associated with which artistic technique? A) woodcut B) fresco C) triptych D) watercolor Points Earned:5. 0/5. 0 Correct Answer(s):A 8. Which country is most closely associated with Martin Luther’s initiation of the Protestant Reformation? A) England B) Italy C) Germany D) Spain Points Earned:5. 0/5. 0 Correct Answer(s):C 19. This artist is best known for his miniatures, small portraits often painted in watercolors. A) Durer B) Grunewald C) Hilliard D) Holbein the Younger Points Earned:5. 0/5. 0 Correct Answer(s):C 20. This Polish astronomer asserted that the planets revolve around the sun rather than the earth. A) Galileo B) Copernicus C) Newton D) Erasmus Points Earned:5. 0/5. 0 Correct Answer(s):B

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