Language

The poem “To Flush, My Dog” by Elizabeth Barrett Browning and the leaflet of RSPCA are two writings exploring the same theme – dog and the treatments by their owners. Elizabeth elaborates her relationship with her dog while the RSPCA document articulates the problems facing some unfortunate dogs. The feeling expressed and the use of language devices shares some similarities albeit one is a poem and the other comprise articles from an animal caring organization. Similarities, differences and significance of them will be discussed in this essay.

The poem is clearly a praise of the writer’s beloved dog while the RSPCA documents aim to appeal for donation. The poem is made of 20 stanzas of 6 lines each and strongly portraits a very dear and noble aura to share her love for the dog. The RSPCA document adopts a candid manner in the form of writing a letter to the prospective donors supplemented by two touching stories. The three articles contentiously try to gain sympathy from the readers. With this underlying aim, the RSPCA inspector uses alarming hard figure (6,982 abused animals a year) to arouse readers’ attention. He also uses repeated strong words, ‘battered, tormented and abandoned’ to give an awakening insight for his readers on the seriousness of the cruelty. The use of the rhetorical question “Will you give me the resources I need to fight this rising tide of cruelty?” is very effective.

There is impacting contrast on the cares of dogs. Elizabeth treats Flush nicely and gently. As described in stanza 16, she feeds Flush sugared milk, puts pretty collar on it and pats the dog to please it. The physical affection from the owner is abundant with proper shelter, delicious food and interaction. On the contrary, Poppy and Trio, both rescued by RSPCA, are unfortunate. Both dogs are very young at 4 months and one day old respectively. After messing the room, Trio was grabbed and squeezed by its owner. “It was thrown across the room with full force and smashed against a cupboard”. (Line 9-11) Poppy was even flushed into the toilet by its owner.

In RSPCA documents, it focuses on the cruel treatments of Poppy and Trio by their owners. Trio is “petrified and injured” by its owner (Line 12 in “Trio Story”). They have a very bad relationship. Although there was food and shelter for Trio, there was no trust between them. The dog had to “crawl away and hide under a cot” (Line 13). Trio’s reaction makes us feel very sorry. In the pathetic story of Poppy, his owner doesn’t want it only after one day. (Animal like these needs your support NOW). Readers easily notice the problem and are moved by the visual details when the dog was found along the drainage. “Simply flushes you down the toilet” (line 3-4) shows that the owner didn’t show any humanitarian feeling to Poppy at all. To Poppy, there was no food and proper shelter. The two stories present powerful visual effect by describing details of the maltreatment. It effectively strengthens the appeal for helping the animals.

On the other hand, Flush is Elizabeth’s best friend. It sits beside her when she is sick (Stanza 7 line 2 & 6). When Elizabeth is crying with “one or two quick tears” and “signing”, “Flush sprang in eager haste in a tender haste.”(Stanza 11) It gives Elizabeth love by being tender and affectionate. These lines allude the mutual love between Flush and its owner. It delivers an authentic illustration of a dog’s human nature.

This nature is shared by the RSPCA’s volunteers who give the dogs warm and comfortable shelters with loving care around the clock. “Devoted care round the clock pulled Poppy back from brink” (line 15-16). They resemble Elizabeth’s kindness to animals.

The language devices of the two documents share similarities and differences. Both documents use emotive languages and repetition for effect. In RSPCA leaflet, words like “struggle”, “death”, and “tender”, “pathetic and “devoted” are used. The repetition suggests the writers’ sympathy towards these dogs and dramatizes the effect. The readers will be sorry and start thinking about animals ‘maltreatments.’ In the poem about Flush, words like “benediction”, “wishing weal”, “supportive” are used. This gives effect of how important of the dog to Elizabeth. The word “benediction” reiterates that its owner regards it as a gift from god.

The differences in language of the two are the use of metaphors and alliteration. In stanza 2 of Flush poem, “silver-suited” is used to describe the appearance of Flush. This alliteration decides the color of the fur as very appealing and gorgeous-looking. It also suggests the softness of the fur and the joy and comfort it gives Elizabeth. In stanza 11, “fawning, fondling” is another example of alliteration which is used to describe when the writer is sad, Flush tries to please her. The language devices powerfully symbolize how affectionate and tender Flush is. The leaflet of RSPCA do not use much alliteration and metaphors.

The structures of two passages are very different. The RSPCA leaflet is in passage form and language is quite informal. Unlike the poem, there are no rhyming words and use of archaic words. The free style writing allows the writers to convey its main messages to the reader more easily. The Flush poem on the other hand, has frequent use of rhyming words and also archaic words “thee” to make the poem more poetic. Examples are plenty throughout the entire poem, like ‘one, run’ and ‘nature, creature in stanza 1 and ‘height, delight, line and thine’ in the last stanza The rhyming words create a musical effect which attracts reader’s attention.

Although the two documents look at the theme of treatments of dogs in different perspectives, both successfully achieve their goals in a high literary standard. Structures and the use of language features share some similarities and yet there are differences. They adopt brilliant ways of articulating their ideas, and effectively induce empathy and sympathy from their readers. We can deeply feel admiration to the poem protagonist – Flush and also arouse pity to the miserable tortured animals in the RSPCA leaflet.

The conversation between Dixon and Bertrand is direct and to the point with the use of emotive and, at times, offensive language. For instance, Bertrand uses phrases like your so called mind’ and you dirty little bar- fly, you nasty little Jumped up turf’. In between the speech Amiss is a great observer of human movement and highlights the tension between the two men with the language he uses and the use of short sentences, for example ‘Axon moved a pace nearer’ and ‘he clenched his fists’ and the Impact had hurt them rather’.

Malls describes Bertrand breath as Whistling through his nose’ which accurately depicts he image of someone beginning to get irate. Throughout the passage, out of the two men, Dixon is depicted as more in control and powerful than Bertrand even though being the lesser build of the two men. Bertrand says to Dixon you’re simply not up to my weight. If you want a fight pick someone your own size, then you might stand a chance. ‘ Dixon, by his response, is clearly not threatened by this at all.

It could be seen as an empty threat because Bertrand does not expect Dixon to retaliate, but rather simply Just to back down considering their positions. Undeterred by the physical threats, Dixon moves ‘a pace rarer’ and unleashes an articulate and fast moving annihilation of Bertrand character; you’re a twister and a snob and a bully and a fool’. Bertrand Is shown to be clearly stunned by this as he makes ‘no attempt to interrupt’. Dioxins confidence is clearly rallied by the fact that he is armed with the information that Bertrand has been having an affair with Carol Goldsmith.

Bertrand physical strength over Dixon is again highlighted by when it says that ‘he came and stood over Dixon’. Amiss adds slight humor to the passage as Dixon attempts to further wind up Bertrand and SSH him over the edge by saying What are we going to do, dance? , still staying fairly calm himself. Bertrand however triggers the fight that he so desires by calling Dixon ‘Sam’. Even then, Dixon Is shown to be more in control as ‘he took off his glasses and put them In his top Jacket pocket’.

Malls again uses humor In his depletion of this rather ungainly scene as the two men ‘faced each other on the floral rug’. Malls’ description of the rug as floral creates a contrast with the aggression of the scene and introduces the idea to the reader described as ‘elbows crooked in uncertain attitudes, as if about to begin some ritual f which neither had learnt the cues’. The way the passage is written emphasizes that both men are out of place as one would expect a vocal argument between an artist and a history teacher as opposed to a physical fight.

The explosion of the china figurine as it hits the hearth ’emphasizing the silence which fell’ highlights the awkwardness of the scene. In contrast to Dixon controlled manner Bertram is made to look clumsy and a character of ridicule in the way he is shown to ‘Jab’ at Dixon face, loses his balance and is hit hard by Dixon on the larger and more convoluted of his ears’. The reader is to encouraged by the use of this description to feel any sympathy for Bertrand.

His language is not eloquent in the same way that Dixon is, but relies more on taunts and school boy retorts like you’ve got it coming’ and ‘I’ll show you’. This threatening and childlike language is very different from Dixon more controlled responses like ‘I’m not the sort to do that’ when Bertrand threatens him if he tells Christine about his indiscretions with Carol. Amiss uses repetition at the end of the passage when Dixon thinks about Bertrand as a ‘bloody old dowser-faced boot-faced totem poll’ and then repeats this insult out odd.

The use of repetition is not only humorous but it emphasizes the point and leaves the reader in no doubt with regard to who the winner of this fight is, both on a physical and intellectual level. It is also quite a breakthrough for Dixon, almost more so than when he actually punches Bertrand, as it is the first point in the play when he actually says what he is thinking. The knocking on the door is even described as ‘discreetly applauding this terminology. Dixon is again shown to be a character of strength and control by the way he says ‘Come in’ with ‘reflex promptness’ and appears to be unpleased by the fight.

Your response papers are, as the phrase suggests, Individual affairs. What I want, above all, Is your personal response to the readings, and to the questions Vive posed in the accompanying guidelines. In evaluating your papers, above all we consider their content: how well you address the thoughts and arguments presented by these documents, and the quality of ideas you express. That said, please consider these papers exercises in formal writing. That means you deed to adhere to the principles and rules of American English grammar and spelling.

Yes, we will hold your feet to the fire on these matters. A few tips follow, addressing problems that arose In the first batch of papers: 1) Keep your tenses straight. Few trials In life are so agonizing as working through a paragraph In which tenses shift, like a wayward eye, from present to past and back again. When you are writing about the past, stay in past tense. The exception to this comes when you find yourself interpreting historical texts (as you will do in these papers); in this case it is perfectly fine, indeed desirable, to write in the present.

Think of it this way: use present tense when dealing with text, past tense when dealing with historical context. For example: “In this passage, Discusses argues that history is not simply the stories people tell. His approach contrasted sharply with that of Herodotus, who in his account of the Persian Wars mainly collected and retold stories already In circulation. ” 2) Avoid unnecessary capitalization. High-flying concepts, such as State, Religion, or Monarchy, need not – should not! – be capitalized.

They did that sort of thing back In the seventeenth century, but nowadays we use lower case for just about everything save proper nouns and titles. By the way, “Bible” should be capitalized, as it is the title of a work; “God” is likewise capitalized when used in a monotheistic context, as it is considered a proper noun. But more generic usage, as when referring to the gods of polytheistic systems, for example, takes lower case – e. G. , “Thro was the Norse god of thunder. ” 3) Do not use inverted commas (‘… ‘) with quotations, except when you have to place a quote inside a quote (” ‘…

Do learn the difference between American and British usage In respect to quoted passages (Including the placement of periods and commas). In short: American usage requires that periods and commas be placed Inside the quotation marks (though semi-colons are placed outside). Use a pronoun, double-check to make sure you have established a clear precedent. Too often, pronouns show up unannounced in your papers, and it’s only polite to have first made introductions. Whenever you use “it” or “they’ or even “this,” make sure you’ve already provided a solid point of reference.

The second issue concerns he use of “they,” “their” etc. As the pronoun for words such as “anyone,” “everyone,” and “somebody’ – words that otherwise are treated as singular (e. G. “everyone in this class is crazy,” not “everyone are crazy. “) Presumably this is because the old default option, “he,” is nowadays seen as disagreeably male-oriented. I agree that we shouldn’t use “he,” “him,” “his” when the reference is not gender-specific. But this problem can usually be finessed with a little rewriting. For example, try using a plural antecedent – “persons,” “people” etc. – when you foresee using “they,” “their” etc. s he pronoun to follow. 5) Semi-colons can be very useful, but only when properly employed. As a rule, there are two permissible uses. One occurs when you have two grammatically self-standing phrases, but one leans on the other insofar in meaning (that is, one statement is derivative of or supplementary to the other). If the phrase is not-self sufficient, if it is grammatically dependent upon the other, then use a simple comma. The second use for semi-colons arises when you string together a long and complex list of things, and need help in keeping your sequencing clear.

In this situation, the mi-colon serves as a kind of super-comma. 6) Finally, pay attention to paragraph organization. Introduce your paragraphs with a strong lead sentence – something that indicates the content of what will follow. When, three, four or more sentences down the page, you’ve finished with that particular point, make way for a paragraph break (and a new, helpful lead sentence). Your readers will thank for making your train of thought more clear. Even more, your writing will benefit from the ways in which paragraph organization forces you to collect your thoughts and organize them more clearly.

From the first two acts of Pygmalion, Bernard Shaw has already begun to develop society and language using a number of different techniques and aspects. In the first act the audience is introduced to three main social classes all brought together by the weather. We see their stereotyped judgements, their attitudes and prejudices against each other. It is Higgins belief that men trying to climb the social ladder will “give themselves away every time they open their mouths” (Act 1). Shaw also uses accent, revealing society’s bias that accent is the key to social status.

This is already apparent through the proleptic irony of Liza, and the status of those around her. Humour is used to show how different the characters’ situations are. Each class has at least one character that is humorous, but all their wit and comedy originates from different sources, for example Liza and her need for money. The first two acts of Pygmalion show great insight into the well-rounded representatives, which will come together and make Shaw’s image of society. Shaw commences by exploring the different social classes.

All classes have been unexpectedly gathered under a shelter from the rain and bustling streets of London. There are three main types. The upper class consisting of Higgins and Pickering, the servants consisting of Mrs Pearce, and the lower class consisting of the Dolittles. The assortment of social classes have little respect of each other, but are together cautiously civil. However Higgins disrupts the peace by commenting that a woman who talks with a cockney accent has “no right to live” (Act 1).

He sees no harm in expressing his extreme prejudices, widening the gap between the social classes. This prejudice is seen in act two when Higgins describes the current stranger, Alfred Dolittle, as a “blackguard. ” He makes the assumption that Dolittle is an uncivil, unpleasant human being simply because he is Liza’s father and therefore the same class. Even Pickering assumes they will “have trouble with him”(Act 2). This is a rare example in the first two acts of Pickering sharing the same prejudices as Higgins. In act two Pickering urges take “no advantage” of Liza’s position.

Shaw avoids using stereotypes. He portrays Higgins as a man who goes in the opposite direction to the rest of society in most matters. He would take the chance of trying to turn Liza into “the Queen of Sheba” (Act 1). He is impatient with high society, forgetful of his public graces, and poorly considerable of normal social niceties. Along with believing he alone has the ability to change a persons direction in life. Shaw also represents the differences between the social classes in the characters of Liza and Clara, the daughter. Clara is a weak, fragile character.

Her reaction when Freddy fails to find her a cab is “Do you expect us to go and get one ourselves? “(Act 1) She is impatient and completely dependent on others. However, lower down in social status in Liza who is a complete contrast. She is witty and strong. She encourages the gentleman by telling him to “cheer up; and buy a flower off a poor girl. ” Unlike Clara she is very independent which is also shown in Act two when she asks Higgins for lesson. In this case Higgins main belief is that Liza’s accent can change her status. Higgins’ is, of course, extremely biased.

He believes that ” a woman who utters such depressing and disgusting sounds has no right to be anywhere” (Act 1). He represents a side to society, which many people may outwardly oppose, but internally agree with. He believes that Liza’s English “will keep her in the gutter to the end of her days” (Act 1) It is his conviction that the key to social status is accent. Higgins’ has a higher social status than Liza, so disapproves of her accent. The contrast of Liza and Higgins’ expression and pronunciation shows how Shaw has introduced society and language in Pygmalion.

Liza’s coarse and broad cockney accent can be difficult to represent without the phonetic alphabet. She asks, “Ow, eez ye-ooa san, is e? “(Act 1) meaning ‘oh he’s your son, is he? ‘ This is a complete conflict with Higgins “resorting to the most thrillingly beautiful low tones”(Act 1. ) The imaginably high-pitched shrieks, “Ah-ah-ah-ow-ow-oo,” of Liza’s expression supports Higgins’ theory that a cockney accent is less widely accepted. The contrast in pronunciation represents the contrast in social status.

The variety of accents and expressions is also evident in the humour from the different social classes. Shaw uses humour to introduce society and language by concentrating their humour on their circumstances. The audience can see this through Liza and Higgins. When Liza becomes annoyed with Higgins she exclaims, “Don’t be so saucy. ” When Higgins is asked about Liza he jokes “put her in the dustbin”. Both these remarks are very comical. Higgins and Liza use many of the same techniques in their humour as they are obvious, rude, witty and smart mouthed.

However, the majority of their humour is based around their status. Liza is comical about her desperation for money and her ignorance of higher classes. She cries, “I’ve never took off all my clothes before. It’s not right. ” She doesn’t understand any other way of living, but her own. However, Higgins’ source of humour originates from his high status, and good education. He amuses other characters and the audience by assessing where they are from. He boasts, “your mother’s Epsom, unmistakeably. ” His irritating intelligence complicates civil situations.

Higgins’ also uses sarcasm and continually mocks those of a lower class, again portraying his narrow-mindedness. He exclaims, “Shall we ask this baggage to sit down or throw her out the window,”(Act 2). He is purposely rude and unlike with his own class, he fails to be courteous and apologize. Higgins’ is portrayed as a cheeky, yet charming character. He makes the most iconoclastic, scandalous statements, but all with such wit and humour that the audience cannot help but find his ideas attractive. In the same way, Alfred Dolittle’s tactics of persuasion and lack of morals are humorous.

He describes Liza by saying “in the light of a young woman, she’s a fine handsome girl. As a daughter, she’s not worth her keep” (Act 2). He will happily exchange his daughter for money, using light-hearted, humorous language. Freddy’s humour is based around a much more simple situation, but still reflects his status. The woman left him “with a cab on my hands! Damnation! ” His dilemma is laughed at and not with. The fact he orders a cab and then becomes frustrated that he has one, shows the insignificant problems of the higher class compared to the poorer classes.

Therefore, Bernard Shaw introduces his ideas about society and language in the first two acts by investigating the different aspects of the characters class and status. He develops his image of society by portraying the clear boundaries which separate class through characters, accent and expression, and humour. Through the prejudices which are displayed, Shaw delivers the subtle message that inside we are all the same, just as Liza believes that her “character is the same to me as any lady’s” (Act 1). Shaw begins to use the characters, their lives, attitudes and language to reflect Society’s intolerance and discrimination.

Thinking: the activity of the brain that can potentially be communicated. Inform thoughts become your words become your actions become your habits become your character become you. ” (Gary R. Kirby and Jeffery R. Godparent, Thinking, 2007) What makes human thinking unique is the fact that our thoughts are made up of language. Language allows us to see things differently by channeling our thinking and perceptions. Our thoughts are influenced by the language we use to describe them.

The languages we use may too be influenced by personal barriers. Personal barriers include self- serving biases, cognitive distortions that put us in a favorable position. Stereotypes, being biased toward members of a certain group. Emotional influences also effect and inspire human thought. Emotion is what differentiates human beings from animals. We as humans think to communicate, using different languages that are influenced by barriers based upon memories. Memory plays an important role in thinking. Without memory we can’t think. According to Richard Paul and Linda

Elder, Journal of Developmental Education, “Everything we learn is related to everything we learn and learning things in relation to each other makes each of the things we learn more memorable, more intelligible, and more useful. ” Without memory we’d have no future to imagining and no past to consider. Getting an adequate amount of sleep is essential to the critical thinking process. Sleep debt can negatively affect our mood, motivation, memory, decision making, concentration, problem solving, and logical thinking (Corer, 1996). So in order to think big we must stimulate the brain with intellectual activity and enhance our memory.

Enhancing memory includes making information meaningful, by associating new information with what we already know well, by using mnemonic techniques and by repetition and practice. Listening to the recollections of others and being open to the possibilities. Finding relevance of the information, how it relates to our lives, increases its meaning and makes it more memorable. Now let’s use my memory. I can remember when I found out I was pregnant with my first child. I thought I had gotten sick. I didn’t feel well, very low amount of energy. Well I was sick, but it wasn’t the sick

I was thinking where I could go buy something over the counter and it be gone in a few days. I was suffering from morning sickness, the nauseous feeling a woman’s body goes through in the first trimester of pregnancy. The difference in my thoughts and reality was that a baby was coming. A child, a life changing experience. I had all kinds of thoughts going through my head. First, I had to acknowledge that I was soon to be called “Mommy’. Which then lead to other thoughts like if I was good enough to be parent at the age of 22. I thought what my family would think of me being that I as still young and not married.

I was concerned on what the father of my child would say when I told him. After informing my family and accepting this important role that was coming into play. I began taking prenatal classes to educate myself on being a mother. I enrolled in college and begin taking Early Childhood Education courses. I learned that having my daughter pushed me into the field of working with children and having a passion for the work that I do. In the beginning I was nervous, worried about what others would think of me. Encapsulation was a personal barrier s I was raised to believe that one should be married before she has a child.

My emotions were out of control the first couple of months as I thought to myself that I wasn’t fit for the circumstances. After all that I have to say that I am a wonderful mother despite all my fears and that my thoughts from then have influenced and encouraged me to believe that can handle all situations, and to see something good out of anything that we are faced with.

The role of English in our lives has got much importance. English may be a foreign language, but it is international in its significance. It is taken as a lingua France, the common language , for all parts of the world today. The importance of English language in our lives is as firstly , it is spoken , read or understood in most parts of the world. Due to this language, we can belong to whole world as well as to our own country. Secondly, the role of English in our lives is that it is truly the language of science and technology. No other language offers such a wide scope for scientific studies and research in English.

Without our mastery of English, we could not have easily used atomic energy for power generation, in engineering projects , medical treatment etc. Thirdly, the most major role of English is that it offers us treasures of knowledge in all social sciences like history, political science, economics , anthropology , sociology , philosophy an psychology. Fourthly ,it plays its role in modern medicine and surgery , developed from world wide studies and researches in different countries and language, now make a tremendous store house of medical knowledge in English. Lastly, religious and spiritual writings and translations in English are in plenty .

All the Holy books including the Holy Quran and Bible with diverse translation find their pride of place in the section of religious books in any good library or book gallery. knowing how to speak it is definately a plus as it is the universal language (it allows you to communicate w/ ppl from other countries and learn and share ideas with them) and the “preferred” language used in most schools and business establishments (let’s face it, it’s hard to do well in school if you’re poor in english as most books are written in english and schools use it as their medium of instruction… o succeed in school and in one’s career, english proficiency is needed). in some countries where english is a 2nd language, it is also seen as a status symbol… i. e. , it is thought that only the rich and the educated can speak the language fluently.

Overture The significance of print media has been getting bigger and bigger as the time progress all over the world. Magazine is one of the popular forms of print media worldwide. There are different types of magazines with different features and attributes. They are mostly periodic- monthly and quarterly magazines are most common. The magazines generally focus a particular area and they target a particular group of people as their target readers.

Such as business and economics oriented magazines are designed mostly for the business people, Science and genealogy for the young people and students, art and literature for the readers who particularly possess interest towards art and literature. Sports magazines target the young and enthusiastic sports lovers and fashion and lifestyle magazines are for the people who are concerned pretty much about their living style and modern days fashions. In this report we have selected such two fashion and life style magazines, one local and one international. Instill” the international one, published as British version and Mirror- the Bangladesh magazine regarded as one of the most rumoring and classic fashion magazine of the country. Both the magazines follow English as their media language and are published monthly. We will try to identify the approach of these two commonly oriented magazines. Both the magazines target the today’s modern women with their independence and glamorous. In the next section we shall be introduced with these magazines. 1. Mirror; at a glance: Name: Mirror Magazine Nature: Monthly Magazine Type: Fashion & Life style Established (First Issue): 2003, Dacha Editor: Quasi Changer Lam Number of publication: 24,000 (2013) Language: English Company: Mirror Group (Bangladesh) 1. 3 Instill; at a glance Name: Instill Established (First Issue): June, 1994 Editor: Ariel Fox Number of publication: (2011) Company: Time Inc. (US) EPIC Media (I-J) part: TWO 2. 1 PURPOSE STATEMENT This paper has been intended as an academic purpose of the students of M. A. In English Program.

It aims to find out a comparative analysis of both the magazines in literal as well as structural sense. This comparison will reveal both the similarities and dissimilarities between the two magazines each possess supreme popularity in their own platform. The other purpose of the study is to analyze the style of language of English and what techniques are used in the magazines. This paper also tries to find out how to use language in print media 2. 2 Methodology For a constructive comparison time frame and contextual frame should be pretty much same and identical.

Here two magazines have been selected with same nature and categorical similarities. In order to maintain the time frame, the particular number of the magazines for analysis was kept concurrent. The Bangladesh magazine “Mirror” was taken of volume 10, which is the July-August Edition of the rent year and an Did Fashion Special. On the other hand, the I-J based international Magazine “Instill” was taken of Volume 20, number 5 and it was the edition of the month of May of this going year. Thus, from the time frame perspective, both have same platform.

In order to maintain the contextual frame, the two magazines taken from the similar taste and target readers. Both are fashion and life style magazines particularly designed for the progressive modern ladies. It is important to mention that the comparison was not made from all the numbers of the magazines, rather the two given numbers mentioned earlier. In the next section, we will begin with the comparative analysis of the magazines. Part: THREE Comparative discussions on the two magazines The previously mentioned numbers of each magazine were brought under the observation of the readers.

We have tried to point out similarities and dissimilarities found in their writing styles, literal values and presentations. 3. 1 Point of Similarities: 3. 1. 1 Presentation of the Cover Page: Both the magazines feature their cover page with the photos of two very beautiful and glamorous celebrities. The one at the left is the cover page of the Bangladesh gagging “Mirror” which features Biddy Sinai Mim, a very promising and one of the top models of current times of the country. On the right top, we have the cover page of the British tabloid “Instill” which features the global celebrity Emily Blunt, a very popular international actress.

This similarity is quite an evident and a very common method for the fashion magazines to feature a photo of a beautiful looking celebrity with her distinguishes appeals and glamour. This similarity is not true for these two numbers of the magazines, bull almost all numbers of all fashion magazines. 3. 1. Domination of Photos of the models at pose: This is perhaps the most significant similarity and feature of the fashion magazines. They use the photos more than words. In fact, in the two numbers of the magazines, almost 80 percent of the pages contain photo of the glamorous models at their beauty pose.

Thus, the language of fashion magazines are predominately visual and not word oriented. This has been found in both the magazines case. 3. 1. 3 Presentation of Commercial Advertisements Both the magazines preach quite a heavy volume of advertisements. The advertisements are found to be similar in nature. The advertisements are mostly of the beauty products and colorful photos are used in form of commercial advertisements. This reveals that both the fashion magazines use their commercials as like their features as the magazines features models and their beauty styles.

Thus the advertisements seem like the magazines own features. 3. 1. 4 Similar presentation of articles: Both the magazines publish few articles in their magazines apart from the photos. The articles are mostly short, generally contains less than 250 words. The British tabloid of May, 2013 featured few articles regarding Oscar programs and activities of he international celebrities. The local tabloid featured with beauty instructions and tips and promotes latest fashions through their articles. In each case, the language is short, easily understandable and free from literal complicity. . 1. 5 Similarity in Language and writing style: Due to the light nature, both the magazines follow short and simple writing styles. They use simple worlds, short speeches and the articles are mostly free from articulate and literal beauty. 3. 2 Point of Dissimilarity: 3. 2. 1 Contextual Dissimilarity: Despite of their similar nature of fashion and life style, the magazines differ in their approach too. “Instill” exhibits its high interest in the life style of the celebrities whereas “Mirror” focuses more on the fashions of the progressive ladies.

The photos and the features of the magazine “Instill” uses the international celebrities to preach the activities of the celebrities. Mirror- the Bangladesh Fashion tabloid on the other hand, focuses more on the fashion and glamour of the local celebrities. 3. 2. 2 Difference in the theme: it has seen that the local fashion magazine focuses on the impact of culture and seasons. For instance, the selected edition was an Did special. There were previous editions on summer bride, pupas special, bookish special etc. This suggest that the local magazine focuses on the cultural impact in the world of fashion.

The international tabloid focuses on the life of the celebrities, their activities are the elements of interest. The impact of culture and season was not found to be strong. 3. 2. 3 Difference in Approach: The British magazine provides short article and information though small news in columns which has been completely missed out in the beggarliness magazine. Bangladesh magazine on the other side focuses on the physical beauty of their local liberties (mostly models) and the pattern of their latest fashions thought the exhibition of a series of photos.

Part Four Findings of the language of Fashion Magazine: The noticeable findings of the language of fashion magazines are It shows how linguistic techniques such as puns and presuppositions are used by magazines to capture our attention It examines how image and text combine to produce meaning It discusses how ideological messages are conveyed It analyses how the appeals are constructed through language It looks at how magazines relate to culture part FIVE Conclusion The language of fashion magazines is lively.

Furs are to-die-for’, colors are ‘drifts dreamy and looks are ‘leotard simple. The last three decades have witnessed a reevaluation of fashion, both in terms of its credibility as an area of academic investigation and its importance in Western culture, which has caused its reconsideration within popular culture. Today, fashion can be found when flipping through art and fashion magazines. The art press, however, locates fashion within wider social and cultural dialogues, reflecting upon the social, cultural, psychological ND economic implications of dress.

As women’s fashion magazines have critical role in the maintenance of cultural values and representation of the gender identity, we will be able to investigate how English language relates to gender identity through fashion in Bangladesh. Even though synergies effect of fashion and language as symbolic capital is very interesting subject to study. This habitation of two is neutralized as to create mythology of the modern society is hard to deconstruct. To demythologize the fusion of English language and fashion more profound research will be needed.