Mars

This investigation will investigate the Curiosity rover and how the Application and Limitation aspect of SHE influences it. The Curiosity Rover is a robot made by NASA and was sent to Mars to explore the crater, Gale, on Mars.

The rover was designed and developed by NASA and was launched from Cape Canaveral, Florida, the United States on November 26, 2011. The purpose of the launch was to investigate whether Mars has the environmental conditions necessary to support life. Specifically, the rover searched for the possibility of water existing on Mars. This investigation will be mainly focus on the scientific knowledge, understanding and discoveries surrounding Curiosity.

Many extreme conditions of space travel must be negotiated such as atmospheric entry, landing, and exploring which involve temperature ranging 2,087o C to -91o C, in order to protect and support the Curiosity to be able to perform at a high level; Curiosity and her transport vehicles used an assortment of metal and composite materials to construct in order to solve the problem of space travel.

Electricity needed to operate the rover and its instruments is generates using a radioisotope power system. This system is used by the Mars Science Laboratory in the process of Curiosity rover. Radioisotope power systems uses the natural decay of plutonium-238 to produce electricity, this is a non-weapon-form of using radioactive isotope in power system of NASA spacecraft.

The electricity is converted from the heat produced by the natural decay of this isotope which can provide constant electric power at all time. This done by a device called radioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTG). RTG contain an electrical device called a thermocouple, which use the temperature difference between the radioactive isotope and cold space environment to produce electricity.

Moreover, it is able to give the mission more time to work. For example, the lifep of a full Martian year which tends to be 687 Earth days or more)
This power source gives serval advantages which it provides the rover with a greater sense of mobility over an extensive range of altitudes and latitudes. Furthermore, this would allow the scientist to exploit the abilities of the rover’s scientifically instruments. Using this power source provides several advantages. The rover receives a greater flexibility over an extensive period of time.

The ChemCam instrument has two main parts: a body unit and a mast package. The laser and the camera are focused using a telescope on the mast package, a laser for vaporizing surfaces and a remote micro-imager. The remote camera can acquire extremely detailed images after all the dust from Martian rocks are cleared by the laser.

Other parts, Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer (APXS) are a helium nucleus, which consists of 2 protons and two neutrons. The spectrum is unique to the element which is the frequencies of light emitted by hydrogen are different to those emitted by sodium, helium and all other elements. This mean that coloured lines of the spectrum are different for each gas. A line emission spectrum can therefore be used to identify an element by matching the position and therefore wavelength of the emitted light in the line emission spectrum of an unknown gas to that of a known gas.

When x-rays and alpha particles interrelate with other compound atoms on the surface material, they collide with electrons out of their orbits which then produces an energy release by emitting X-rays that can be measured with detectors. The X-rays are produced when electrons are accelerated to high kinetic energies and forced to collide with a target metal. The Alpha Particle X-ray spectrometer used to measure the abundance of chemical elements in rock and soils.

Moreover, the Rover Environmental Monitoring Station (REMS) used to measure the atmospheric pressure, ultraviolet radiation on the Martian surface, wind velocity and direction, air temperature and ground temperature around the rover are all measured and reported daily.

The station to monitor the rover, also has two small booms to measure the horizontal and vertical components of wind velocity to be able to illustrate the air flow near the Martian surface collected by the breezes, dust devils and storm.

A crucial question that was an issue at the time “Is how can the rover travel to space?”. According to Newton’s Third Law, for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. In space, there is no air resistance acting against the rocket. As the rocket exhaust exerts a force in one direction, the rocket moves in the opposite direction due to Newton’s third law. The force of the exhaust pushing against the rocket will be precisely equal and opposite to the force on the rocket moving forwards as there is no air resistance against it. The combustion of released molecules creates thrust which accelerates and propels the rocket.

Based on physics, when the Curiosity reaches Mars, the largest heat shield ever uses in space will wrap around it to protect the Curiosity from the extreme friction of entering and passing through the atmosphere. The heat shield will also slow the craft down from its interplanetary travel speed to twice the speed of sound so that a supersonic parachute can be deployed.

After that, the heat will fall away. When the craft reaches a mile in above the surface, eight rockets begin to fire, slowing the fall even further. Eight rockets from the craft started to deploy when the craft is a mile from the surface. Meanwhile, the rover moves from its stored position and its wheels extends for landing.

The rover is lowered to the surface using the hovering platform via a system of cables that must be severed by small explosives for a “soft landing”, this process is one of the most vital and hazardous phases of the landing stages. The hovering craft must fly far enough away afterward that it is crash landing does not impact the rover.

There are countless and debates on whether rover would be appropriate for humanities. Overall, three main reasons are supporting the use of Curiosity rover. One significant reason which curiosity rover was supported by many people and considered is the fact that the rover was exploring the Red Planet since August 2013.
Another advantage of curiosity rover is that they can do thing that humans cannot do. Mars rovers are robots equipped with cameras and other gear made to roll on the uncertain terrain of mars, in other words, they rover around Mars (For example microscopic, chemical testing. Camera, etc.).

Along the advantages of using robots to explore space, there are other significant application of the Curiosity Rover as well. Technology is being developed in regards to space and society. For instance, cameras. Cameras are significant to humans as well as space discovery, as they play an important role in the inspecting the space and our surrounding planets and their behaviour.

Furthermore, cameras also became a skilful tool for scientific research, for instance, there were about 17 cameras in the Curiosity rover. Nowadays, cameras and photography have become a hobby and passion for many people but most of all people love cameras for its ability to retain images of the world and people around them.

The second application and the most relatable one to the rover and society are computers. Computers are a very efficient invention that has helped human life progress and has helped the society by providing jobs and by becoming involved in many industries to help improve different aspects of daily life. Computers are essential for space travel and they allow for documentation and detailed inspection of data.

The Curiosity Rover has two main computers with 2GB worth of flash memory. Moreover, the use of computers has vastly improved the communication between the organisation of the world, making it easier to for people to contact over long distances. In addition to computer, mobiles phones are also a form of technology which has given people the opportunity to efficiently communicate with people. Besides that, mobile phones can do the same things as a television or a music system. To sum up, mobile phones and computer are very useful and important devices which ensure safety and easier and faster communication.

In conclusion, the size of a MINI Cooper, the rover is equipped with 17 cameras altogether with a robotic arm. Currently, the Curiosity rover has been the most effective whilst discovering the planet. Mars. The mission of the Curiosity is to determine whether Mars ever was, is or ever could be habitable.

Bibliography

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  Essential Textbook. Physics stage 2

Scientists and Astronomers from around the world have collated evidences about the possibility of life on Mars. The study about this planet is going on since decades and there is still a long way to go. Many spacecrafts have been sent on Mars in an attempt to understand whether life exists on this planet or is there any scope of inhabiting this planet in future. This is an interesting subject of exploration and has caught the fancy of astronomers since long time.

The environment of Mars is similar to that of earth in more than one way and this has been a reason for scientific explorations looking for signs of life on the planet. However, mere similarity of environmental factors between earth and mars doesn’t prove that there is life on mars, a claim which needed to be backed by concrete scientific evidences. Beginning in the 19^th century, the quest for life on mars continues even today.

Long and Short Essay on Life on Mars in English

We are providing below essay on Life on Mars in English, to help you with the topic in your exams/school assignments.

These Life on Mars essay will give you an elaborate but simple explanation of the previous explorations and researches for life on mars; why is it more likely to support life etc.

You can select any Life on Mars essay as per your interest and need and present during your class assignment, debate competition, speech, essay writing etc.

Short Essay on Life on Mars – Essay 1 (200 words)

The existence of life on Mars has been a subject of study since more than a century. Scientists have been trying to collate evidences to figure out whether life has ever existed on this planet or is it inhabited with people presently or if there is any possibility of life on Mars in the future. The research done until now hints that there has never been any life on Mars nor is it inhabited with people currently. However, the possibility of life on the red planet cannot be ruled out completely.

Research shows that surface liquid water was present on Mars during the ancient Noachian period. This made for a habitable atmosphere for microorganisms. However, whether microorganisms ever penetrated on the planet is still a question. Research on the subject is still going on. Today, water on Mars exists in its solid state that is in the form of ice. Some of it also exists as vapour in the planet’s atmosphere.

Scientists have been trying to conduct research on Mars by way of telescopes, spacecrafts and rovers that are helpful in collecting evidences about the condition and nature of this planet. It is interesting and exciting to learn that life on this planet may be possible as its atmosphere is quite similar to Earth.

Essay on If I were on Mars – Essay 2 (300 words)

Introduction

Mars is the fourth planet in the solar system. It is positioned just next to Earth and thus scientists and astronomers believe that there could be a possibility of life on this planet just as our planet. The evidences about the presence of water and oxygen on Mars have raised hopes about the probability of life on Mars.

If I Get a Chance to Live on Mars

While the scientists keep sending spacecrafts and rovers on Mars to conduct their research, I often dream about going to the planet to understand if there are any people living there and whether life is actually possible on this planet or not.

I wish I get some special powers to visit Mars and see how the planet really is. If I were on Mars, I would explore every bit of it to learn about it. I would live at different places on the planet to experience the variation in climate. I really wish I could transform Mars into a place which is fit for human civilization if it isn’t already. I want this planet to stay as pure as our Earth was during the beginning of the times.

If I ever got a chance to be on Mars and manage things there, I would grow several plants and make sure the people who eventually come to live on the planet lead a simple life like that of a villager devoid of the high-tech gadgets that are ruining our planet, Earth. I will ensure that there is no pollution on the planet and urge the people living there to contribute in keeping the atmosphere clean.

Conclusion

I want people to learn from the mistakes made on Earth and avoid the same on Mars. We have almost destroyed our beautiful Earth. I wish we do not do the same with the planet which is yet in its pure form.

Essay on My Trip to Mars – Essay 3 (400 words)

Introduction

I have been reading news about the possibility of life on Mars since years and have always fancied how it would be like if life can actually be possible on this planet. How many of us will shift to this uninhabited planet and start our life there, how our relatives and friends living on Earth will plan trips to visit Mars, how would life on Mars actually be – will it be like that on Earth or different from it? All these questions come across my mind quite often and I get lost in the dreams of this far-away place. I have even made full-fledged plans of how I would visit the red planet if ever life is possible there.

My Trip to Mars

My trip to Mars is very much on . However, I would certainly not rush to the planet as soon as it is declared habitable. I would wait for it to develop for a few years before I plan my visit. I would go to Mars with my friends. I would plan a trip for at least 15 days as I assume I would not get a chance to visit the planet often enough because of the distance and expenses involved. So, I would like to explore each and every corner of this planet on this trip.

We humans are known for demarcating the land and labelling it. I am sure just as Earth; Mars will also be divided into several countries within few years. While some of these countries would be worth spending time in others may be worthy of just a glance. I would talk to the local people on the planet and gather information about how and where all to visit to make the most of the trip. I will visit as many places as I can and try all sorts of cuisines available on Mars. I will shop a lot and take back sovereigns for my dear ones. I will also take a lot of pictures to cherish the memories of the days spent there.

Conclusion

I know my trip to mars is a far-fetched dream. However, I do hope I will get a chance to visit this planet once in my lifetime. I believe our new-age astronomers, scientists and technicians and know they will soon find a way to make this planet fit for human civilization. Until then, I shall visit some places on our planet Earth to seek adventure and gratify the travel enthusiast in me.

Essay on If I were to be the First Human to Visit the Mars – Essay 4 (500 words)

Introduction

I aspire to be an astronomer. The celestial bodies fascinate me. My school conducts space workshop every year and I make sure I participate in the same each year. During these sessions, we are told about the Sun, Moon, planets and stars in detail. Besides getting theoretical knowledge about these, we also get a chance to view some of these via telescope which is my favourite part. It is all mesmerizing and my interest in astronomy is increasing with every workshop I attend.

It is the planet Mars that has caught my interest more than any other celestial body. I would definitely plan a manned mission to the red planet when I become an astronomer.

The Fame of Being the First Human to Visit Mars

As keen as I am on going to Mars, I am as much scared to visit the planet alone. I would like to visit the planet with a team of fellow astronomers and technicians. However, I dream of becoming the first person to land on Mars. After all, people only remember the first person to accomplish a mission. The names of the rest are forgotten soon. Just as we all remember Neil Armstrong who was the first to step on the moon. He was accompanied by other astronomers who too stepped on this astronomical body however no one remembers them. Likewise, being the first human to visit Mars will bring me a lot of fame.

My name would be published in every newspaper and flashed on every news channel. It would be a proud moment for me, my family as well as the entire nation. I would receive numerous awards for excellence in my field and for achieving what many could only dream of. I would be remembered for years and years to come. Students across the globe will read about my achievements as a part of their curriculum.

Experience Life on Mars as the First Human on the Planet

I would not just like to visit mars and come back. I would like to live there for few weeks to experience how life on Mars really is. Mars is known to be rich in minerals. I would like to explore the kind of minerals available there and also collect some to bring back home in order to conduct further research on them. I would like to experience and understand how life on Mars would actually be and that can only happen if I stay there for long. I would also carry few seeds to the planet and see if they grow there in a couple of weeks. I would explore different parts of the planet to experience the kind of climate it has.

If I would be the first person to visit Mars, the expectation from my research on the planet would be extremely high. I will spend most of my time studying the atmosphere and condition of the planet to see if it is fit for human civilization.

Conclusion

My interest in exploring Mars is increasing by the day. I aim to work hard and become an astronomer as I grow up to further my mission of being the first human to visit Mars.

Long Essay on Life on Mars – Essay 5 (600 words)

Introduction

Mars, the fourth planet from the Sun, is said to have certain similarities with Earth when it comes to its atmosphere. This may be because of its proximity to our planet. This planet has been studied more than any other in the solar system. Every now and then there is news about new evidence indicating the probability of life on the red planet.

Possibility of Life on Mars

The first evidence of life on Mars was found as early as the 19^th century. Since then the planet has caught the interest of the scientists and astronomers around the world. Numerous research operations have been conducted to find out whether life exists on Mars or if it ever did or can. Researchers claim that Mars is quite like our planet Earth when it comes to its atmosphere although it gets much colder.

Though oxygen is present on the planet its environment is not considered fit for human inhabitation. While there have been evidences of liquid water on Mars in the past, today most of the water on the planet is locked in its polar ice caps. This has resulted in the planet’s land becoming barren. The curiosity rover that was sent to the red planet recently helped in exploring the planet further. The rover dug some land on Mars and discovered three different kinds of organic molecules on the planet which indicates the possibility of some kind of life form on the planet.

If there was Life on Mars

I often wonder how interesting it would be if there was life on Mars and the concept of aliens which is shown in various Hollywood and Bollywood movies was actually true. I really wish, the researchers soon find some aliens on Mars and are able to bring them to Earth for research. It would be super exciting. We will learn so much about the planet with the help of those aliens. We will understand the kind of hardships faced on the planet and the joys of living there. I wish we soon find out that Mars supports life and we can inhabit it.

I wish after this discovery, we humans are given a choice about whether we wish to live on Earth or Mars or take a trip to Mars just as we visit other cities and countries. Special aircrafts would be made to take people from Earth to Mars. We would be able to explore a whole new world and meet people who are completely different from us or may be have some similarities.

I really wish that if people actually exist on Mars they are not as selfish as those living on Earth. I would like to leave Earth and live on this newly explored planet. I would like to experience life on that planet at least for few years. It would be so exciting to meet new people, learn new languages, and eat new kinds of cuisines and pet different types of animals. Due to the difference in the climatic conditions of Earth and Mars, the flora and fauna of the two planets is not likely to match. We will thus get a chance to witness newer varieties of plants and animals on Mars. I really wish Mars is not yet perturbed with technology and that people on that planet live in harmony with nature. It would be blissful living in such a place.

Conclusion

Whether Mars is or will ever be fit for inhabiting is a question which is still likely to take several decades to answer. Numerous researches have already taken place in this regard and many others are going on. I really wish we get some crucial evidence on life on Mars soon.

NASA initiatives are critical to finding solutions to environmental issues. Personally I think that adequate usage of space science will allow astrophysicists to explore the universe and promote conclusive research. Such studies will not only answer pertinent societal issues but will also lead to the advancement of the society. I believe that Space exploration is an Invaluable tool to the development of nature. On a personal point of view, space exploration adequate funding will assist in the advancing of cultures and societies. It is an issue that leads to individuals increasing heir Intent In the field of sciences and other fields.

Despite the Issue having disputes, space exploration continues to receive substantial support from politicians and other individuals in the community. The world of today indicates that development In the field of science and technology will Improve the livelihood of societies. America is reducing its spending to NASA, which has the endorsement of overseeing most of the exploration initiatives. This is not appropriate given that other countries are continuing Investigation and success will have the Intention of bettering the livelihood of their citizens.

I think space is currently at a critical level and the United States should strengthen its research initiatives. Space exploration has been leading studies of other planets and their behaviors. There is a statement that usually illicit mixed reaction in the community. There are individuals that state that it is essential to resolve issues of earth before the examination of other planets. There are different politicians that induce similar sentiments during their campaigns and political rallies. In 2006, news anchor Katie Court in commemoration of Sputnik. Said that NASA request for $17 billion was unbelievable.

According to her, this amount of money could find application In a myriad of activities right here on earth. Analyzing the situation she failed to realize that space exploration will protect the world from potential threats. I have a belief that studying the universe will provide solutions to potential pandemics facing earth. Such pandemics include climate change and solar flares. The current problem of space exploration is misunderstanding. Many individuals consider It as an extravagant way of spending American citizen tax money. Politicians recommend that funding to NASA should stop.

They propose that the government does transfer such funds towards societal projects such as health promotion. Before toys basis. My assessment is that the current problems stem from the fact that, during that period, development of airplanes for space exploration was for status. Nowadays, the reason leading to space exploration is to understand various phenomena occurring in the outer space and affecting the earth. Such explorations will assist in to an understanding of such aspects and develop relevant precautionary measures. In addition, it is possible to conduct exploration of Mars for the possibility f supporting human life.

Another problem that I foresee hindering the development of space exploration is reports by media houses. Many people do not oppose to space exploration, but it is due to their lack of adequate information. Media only reports once things go wrong with organizations supporting exploration of the outer space. The impression that people acquire from media is that there is no benefit culminating from space exploration but extravagant usage of taxpayers’ money. Once individuals generate a perception concerning a something it is difficult to convince such people otherwise.

It is difficult to pass the information that space exploration diverts resources of United States to initiatives that aim at solving earth problems. It is crucial for people to have the information that solutions to the current earth problems are in space so that they change their belief about space exploration. I think that solutions to these societal issues would require ensuring that citizens have adequate information that will allow them to make credible decisions. Many people believe that the government should divert NASA funding to societal programs.

Looking at the 2007 budget directing NASA funding into social funding would mean increasing the later to $ 1. 597 trillion from $ 1. 581. I think it would be naive to think that a 0. 6% increment would have any significant impacts on society. On the other hand, cutting social spending by 1% would increase NASA spending by double. This would increase explorations in space that would provide solutions to a number of problems currently facing the world. Information acquisition can assist citizens to understand that exploring the outer space is not a waste of tax payer’s money.

In addition, space program leads to the improvement of the society by providing amicable solutions. Politicians should also support the program if it will survive. Many politicians choose not to take part in the debate about exploration of the outer space. Interestingly, politicians continue to downplay the role of space exploration by indicating that it is worthless. Solving the current societal belief that US space program is not essential, space exploration require adequate support from politicians. Advocate of the program should also quit playing defensive and instead embrace their importance.

They should insist on the government that the space program require extra funding by having significant scientific research and conclusions. If space programs focus on solving societal problems, there will be a shift from many people dismissing the program to supporting it. Studying the outer space and basing their research on issues that will lead to solving issues is the solution. Studies should include activities such as reducing the effects of solar flares on communication or climate change will lead to its support. Space programs and explorations are indispensable to the society of today. It has and observe all planets.

This is through providing societies with adequate information regarding the outer space. In an example, research concerning Venus indicates that there is an alarming greenhouse effect. Currently, the world is grappling with the reality of deteriorating climate on earth. Studying the events leading to the current green house effects in Venus can assist in solving that problem. It would mean saving generations that would otherwise suffer if there is a lack of required information. If other countries explore and find such solutions it will mean that they will solve the problems of their country, which will advance such economies technologically.

Observations made on planet mars indicate that it lacks water. There is no single river in Mars, which means that there were occurrences that lead to the disappearance of water in this planet. Governments would suffer embarrassment in the event of extinction of the world due to lack of proper exploration measures. US space programs are vital to societies of the earth if it will lead to the realization of solutions to problems affecting the world. It is a vital societal issue that require cautionary approach. On a personal point of view, United State government should increase funding of space programs.

Failure to support this program will lead to its demise. Essential research will halt as a consequence of Space program failure. United States citizens will miss a pertinent opportunity to find solutions to their problems. I observe that space exploration program is crucial to the world of today. Discussions contained herein indicate that it lacks adequate information that leads to individuals’ hostility against the program. Many have a belief that it is wastage of taxpayers’ money. Research indicates that it is possible to solve certain societal issues using such programs.

It is search realization that led countries such as India, Russia, and China to advance their technologies in this field. Observations of Venus could result to solutions to green house effects and the climate change. Successful research of Mars could provide adequate information regarding its lack of water, which could be a future problem to earth. Such solutions are societal and would lead to the development of the society and communities of United States and the world at large. It is in accordance with this I believe that United States government should increase its spending on space exploration programs.

Daniel Petrov 8e Cells: From Earthlings to Martians? Mr F. Ade-Davis Science Our model of the cell developed from a lot of good scientists such as Robert Hooke and many others. Robert Hooke discovered cells when he looked at a slice of cork in a microscope. And he had also found out that it was made of many tiny cells. Furthermore, a Dutch scientist had discovered a large variety of red blood cells and sperm cells and egg cells. Cells are the basic building blocks of all living things.

A cell is something really tiny that could not be seen with a naked eye but only using a microscope. They also take in nutrients, convert these nutrients into energy, carry out specialized functions, and reproduce as necessary. Cells have many parts that each do a large variety of different things. Some of the things a cell contains is a cytoplasm and a nucleus. A is a jelly-like fluid that surrounds the nucleus and a nucleus controls the activities that the whole cell does.

Cells also act together to form and create everything that exists in this world today. One type of cells are known as Bacteria cells. Bacteria were among the first life forms to appear on Earth, and are present in most habitats on the planet, growing in soil, water, acidic hot springs, radioactive wasteland and deep in the Earth’s crust, as well as in organic matter and the live bodies of plants and animals. The vast majority of the bacteria in the body are rendered harmless by the protective effects of the immune system, and a few are beneficial.

However, a few species of bacteria are pathogenic and could cause some serious infectious diseases, including cholera, syphilis, anthrax, leprosy, and bubonic plague. They contain a well developed cell structure. Bacterial cells are fairly small cells that come in many different types such as spheres, rods and spirals. Bacteria cells do not have a nucleus unlike early all of the other cells. They also contain a cell wall, cyptoplasm, a cell membrane and ‘Free’ DNA.

A meteorite had been found on mars that contained many unusual things and forms of life inside it. The objects in the mars meteorite could have been either cells , unknown animals or even Martians. The evidence for this information being true could be that when scientists had examined the marvellous rock , the gas trapped inside it matched the atmosphere on mars. Also, the rocks that fall on earth every day are not usual types of rocks, but rocks that are often very hard to be recognized. Scientists could and hould share their findings with other scientists so they can link the things that they have found out. By sharing your findings, not only would they learn new and interesting things from each other, but they would also see if the information is correct and very accurate. Furthermore, Peer review could be a good thing to do because people would learn a great deal about their writing, they get good feedback from fellow scientists and they are able to improve their findings by using other peoples information.

On the other hand, peer review could not be such a positive but a negative thing because they could not like for other people to see their findings and work, or the information given could not have strengths but weaknesses. In conclusion, I personally think that the objects and gasses found inside the meteorite could be real because scientists have observed the rock and have also found out that gasses the rock contained matched the whole of the atmosphere on Mars.

Also, peer review is a good thing to do because you share you findings with other scientists and get positive feed back and how you could improve the things you have found out by being more accurate. This also links to the development of cells because Robert Hooke had found out that the strip of cork he was observing using the microscope contained and was made up of many small cells, and he had shared this with many the other scientists and thats how the understanding of the cell has been improved through these many years.

‘The perpetual cycle of change which has created the face of the Earth, with all its rugged and Fascinating variety usually happens too slowly to be noticed. But occasionally it is rapid and Violent. Volcanoes disgorge molten lava, earthquakes rip open the landscape, landslides, carry away Whole mountainsides. Then human beings become aware of the awesome forces that are shaping Their planet. These forces are fuelled by three powerful sources of energy – heat from within the Earth, heat from the Sun, and the force of gravity.

Every landform in the world has been shaped by these ttu. ee energy sources. ‘the continents that drift across the surface of the globe, setting off volcanoes and earthquakes and Building mountains. are driven by heat from the Earth’s interior which has a temperature of about 5000″C (9000’F). Most of this heat is created by the breakdown of radioactive elements. Earth is unique among the planets of the Solar System in having liquid water on the surface and water has a major role in shaping the planet.

The warmth of the Sun evaporates water from seas and lakes. The vapor rises and condenses to form clouds and then falls again as rain and snow. It is then that its landscaping powers begin, weathering rocks and washing away the loose material. or grinding down the landscape under the power of a glacier. The Sun’s heat also produces the rain and the waves that scour the land. The third force – gravity – causes the tides, which nibble away at the edges of continents, and landslides. hich alter the shape of mountains. Under the influence of gravity. rain works its way downwards as streams and rivers, carving the terrain. On its journey, it carries fragments of rock and sand to be deposited on the ocean floor. And over thousands of years more rock which may then be buckled and lifted up by movement of the Earth’s crust to form new mountains. {source: Readers Digest, Discovering the Wonders of our World A guide to natures Sciences marvels]

For centuries, man has always wondered if he is alone in the entire universe, questions like who built the pyramids in Egypt or the Stonehenge in England have always been in a question in the minds. The term extra terrestrial has always fascinated us, and there have been many movies and book made and written simultaneously, and there have been claims of people who saw U.F.O (Unidentified Flying Object), and strange sized people, but till date no government in the entire world has not approved to these claims, and moreover most of them have been always declared as hoaxes or a misunderstanding with the high powered stealth planes.

But the fact of the matter is that whatever technology and scientific research we have, it shows that is impossible to have a life existence apart from Earth for various scientific reasons, as whole scenario of existence of aliens and life in outer space is just based on hoaxes, stories and assumptions.

The whole theory of existence of an alien life form exist on the cynical question, that if humans and other living creatures were born in this planet, then it is also possible for other life organism to take origin on other planets. The whole episode of existence was well supported, which led to the formation of the famous SETI (Search for Extra Terrestrial Intelligence), but this organization which has a basis on scientific evidences on the basis of radio and optic frequencies have failed for more than four decades to establish even a single contact, or even to prove the slightest amount proof of living organism existing on other planets.

Even after their failure in detecting any life forms, the staff of SETI is still hopeful; this can be evident from the following:

 “If we are alone, then that’s extraordinarily remarkable in such a vast universe. Personally I don’t think we’re that special”

(Courtesy: Prof Seth Shostak, SETI institute)

On the basis of the amount of technology we have, if we have to assess the planets in our own galaxy, existence of life seems to be a very distance vision, as scientifically it cannot be proved that our solar system has any existence of an alien life form. If we take the instance of Mercury, being so close to the sun, it is impossible to have any possibility of having life, because of the intense heat. Moon which is supposed to be our satellite has no atmosphere, thus it is again impossible for life to exist without atmosphere.

The gassy planets in our solar system, provides inhabitable conditions, as there is no solid land for life to exist, critics have removed theories of possibility of life existence in Jupiter’s moon, but still no evidence has been proven. Pluto is very far away from the sun, making it a very cold planet, thus eliminating the chances of existence of life in it. Mars is the only planet that can be considered, because of a percentage of its nature like earth, but Mars has a very harsh atmosphere compared to earth, and it doesn’t have Ozone, theories are implicated about life in mars, but the “Viking” which was send 26 years ago and the “rover”, which was send now hasn’t given any substantial proof to it.

In fact SETI itself admits that the sightings done on earth were hoaxes or illusions which is confirmed by the following

“Most of the sightings can be explained as natural phenomena or aircraft or balloons or other mundane stuff. I still haven’t seen any evidence that any of these sightings involve alien spacecraft”.

(Courtesy: Prof Seth Shostak, SETI institute)

The truth is since we have can only base the theories of existence of life on other planets, is by look at our habitable conditions, and if we look for planets for conditions like ours, then it is next to impossible, to find the same amount of habitable conditions, as earth’s life was created by a no. of permuted combinations, which is further substantiated by the following:

“Intelligent life on earth – product of series of extremely fortunate accidents”

(Courtesy: “Life in the universe, are we alone”, Retrieved on February 10th 2008 by site http://physics.uoregon.edu/~jimbrau/astr121/Notes/Chapter28.html#solsys)

If theories still have to be raised then it would be of life existing beyond our solar system, but our technology hasn’t reached so far that we can actually scan the entire universe for life and with the amount of high technology we seem to have, it seems till date, life on other planet is not possible, as all the planets that have come under the scrutiny of possible existence of life do not match earth’s habitable condition, and thus are discarded from any possibility.

Aliens and extra terrestrial’s life forms have always and will continue to be a subject of awe and belief for many, and when it comes to science, it only asks for proofs and subjective evidence to accept any theory that would bring light to any evidence of life in outer space.

Reference:

1)      http://physics.uoregon.edu/~jimbrau/astr121/Notes/Chapter28.html#solsys

2)      Nicholas backman,”Life in outer space?”, http://www.virtualsciencefair.org/2007/back7n2/Report.pdf.

3)      SETI: Search For Extra-Terrestial Intelligence, http://www.faqs.org/docs/air/taseti.html

4)      www.astobiology.arc.nasa.gov/roadmap/g1.html