Metaphor

Life leads us to excessive wishes that often result in a man’s downfall. Sir Philip Sidney in the passionate “Thou Blind Man’s Mark” portrays his hypocrisy towards desire and shows how it influenced to their downfall and destruction.

In his sonnet, Sidney uses metaphor, alliteration, repetition and personification to convey his feelings for desire. Throughout “Thou Blind Man’s Mark” Sidney uses metaphors that clearly illustrates the effects of desire on one’s life. He begins with the metaphor of desire as a “blind man’s mark“, the title of the poem, that shows desire is aimless.He then goes on to call desire “fools chosen snare” illustrating that desire is an act of foolishness, moreover he adds weight to his accusations by comparing desire to the “web of will” a difficulty brought by men upon themselves.. The use of these metaphors allows the reader to understand his views that to desire could be counted as the biggest mistake of a person’s life. Sidney continues to convey his dislike of desire with the use of alliteration.

He uses alliteration to parallel desire and increases the reader’s interest in the poem.The repetition of specific words emphasizes his negative thoughts on desire. For example he says “cradle of causeless care”. This focuses on the idea that desire can cause one to care about someone for no real reason. He uses this technique again when he says, “with price of mangled mind”, a similar idea that while trying to accomplish a foolish task he yet didn’t achieve anything but still lost his sanity. Other example includes “fond fancy’s scum” where the poet compares desire to dirt, and illustrates that it is an addiction.Sidney also uses repetition to highlight his consistent encounters with desire.

His repetition of “too long! ” shows his frustration with desire and the long term effects it has on him. It is clear that Sidney is unhappy with the way desire had effected his actions and decisions he has made in his life. He also repeats “in vain” that discusses the impact of desire on is life and how it hurts the people that feel desire. He used personification to mortalize his enemy and show life to his hatred of desire.

The short story written by Anna Hope is about a girl called Elli. Her life is a typical dystrophy student’s chaos, dominated by drugs, anticipation parents and a distracting Identity crisis. There are several themes that concern the story, and I shall now review some of them. As my aforementioned statement points out, Identity crawls Is an essential Issue throughout the story. Her mind Lies In a dilemma between either to follow her desires, or the expectations which are upon her.

She doesn’t know whether o succumb to the temptation of the drugs and partying, or to complete her course and score high grades for the good of her mom and dad. Other themes which could cover a Gap of Sky would be issues like expectations, responsibility, drugs, youth and pressure. The narrator is using the stream of consciousness” technique throughout most of the story, which is very similar to similar to Virginia Woofs writing manner. It gives the reader a slightly confusing and unfocused interpretation, though it also manages to pull the reader Into the main character’s mind.

In spite of the fact that you may easily feel; that the narrator Is Elli herself, It Is actually a third person omniscient narrator. The language of the text Is highly Influenced by slang, and has a typical youngster” stereotypical use. The story begins In an “In medias rest” and follows a linearly progression. It has its turning point when Elli begins her adventure of finding ink, by walking out of her door. There is also a use of similes, metaphors and symbols. Especially the similes are visible – for example in line 49 “(… And it feels like ledge, like thick dark sludge”, and line 83 “(… ) and her skull feels as though it might split open”. The metaphors aren’t particularly prominent in the text, but these, plus the similes, make you get a more figurative interpretation, than if there weren’t any. The last rhetorical device used in the text, that I shall go into, is the personification which for example Is used In line 128 “(… ) she wants to receive this night and Its great dark pulsing” Symbols are dominant In the text. Some very obviously, some less obvious.

The love on line 61, which has its “buck finger”‘ raised, makes Elli think “Buck it all”. It is therefore a symbol of Else’s rebellious side and the way that Elli wishes to follow her dreams without any concerns for her surroundings. But this sensation vanishes when Elli sees the skull at the exhibition. Her state of mind suddenly orbits the thought of life and death. She feels that it isn’t a coincidence that she’s there. She thinks that the exhibition is made to tell her something, to wake her up. She becomes so afraid of facing death, that she has to run away from the museum.

There is also the red Jasper to mention. Although the symbolism of this object is explained to some extent, it Is worth to mention how much the stone voices the regret Elli has over how much she has taken her mother’s love for granted. Despite all the loving and caring Else’s mother has yielded, Elli has been entirely ungrateful. Also the title of the story “A gap of sky plays an Important part In this analysis. Somewhere In the story Elli sees a gap of sky. This is partially a metaphor, which illustrates the gap in her state of broken, or a gap where something new can grow.

Where something can change. There is a certain enumeration of nouns in the short story, which creates a dynamic understanding and concludes with a certain amount of short sentences. Especially in line 28-37. It takes place over a couple of hours, from afternoon to early evening in central London. It is also the city where Elli lives and studies. One might almost say that “A gap of sky’ is a parallel history to Virginia Wolf’s life. The fact that both of her parents killed themselves caused, that Virginia went through a long time clogged tit depressions and nervous breakdowns.

The outcome of it was that she, at the age of 59, threw herself in the river near her home and drowned. In the end of the story Elli comes to a river at the end of The Strand. This river is yet another dilemma. The aforementioned climax at the exhibition, makes her become afraid of death, thus afraid of drugs. The river could be the place where she would be able to wash herself clean. On the other hand the river could also be the place where she could end all these troubles and worries, like Virginia Wolf.

The ending of the story makes it up to ourselves to figure out what will happen next. This whole scenario that we, as readers, are brought into, is not only a Journey through the streets of London, but also a Journey through Else’s mind and thought. You have to notice that Elli is not only a simple human being. She is also representing the dilemmas and crises that teenagers have to go through nowadays. They have so many possibilities, and therefore also a lot of responsibility. That is the fundamental topic in A Gap of Sky.

The poem blessing, by imtiaz dharker depicts the desperation of water in a place which is a victim of drought. the poet has very vividly described the unfortunate situation and has also made the reader sympathize greatly with the poverty sticken people of this area. The poet begins the poem with a simile “the skin cracks like a pod” which appeals to the visual imagery of the reader as it paints a picture of people with very dry skin in the readers mind.

This simile is used very effectively as it not only adds to the visual imagery of the reader but also captivates the reader by hinting to the reader about the lack of water in an area which is further described in more detail. the next line clearly states the theme of the poem which is the description of a situation with deficiency of water and extreme poverty. In the former part of the poem ,” imagine the drip of it”, the poet is expressing the desperation of water by the people. this line is being said or thought by the people affected by this calamity! t suggests that these people are craving water so much that they are hallucinating about the sound of water splashing into a tin mug and comparing this sound to “the voice of a kindly god”. the words” small splash” and “echo” add to the auditory imagery of the reader which help the reader understand the situation being expressed by he poet more vividly. the writer mention a “tin mug” in the hallucination of the victims which suggests poverty to the reader . this is because while dreaming about water which is heavenly for these people they imagine it being dripping Into a tin mug which is unusual in financially supported households.

Moving on the poet uses a metaphor comparing water to fortune in the line”the sudden rush of fortune”. this metaphor enhances the language used and also emphasizes on water being demanded highly and hence being called “fortune”. The poet then describes a scenario where a municipal pipe bursts and water is leaking in abundance. another metaphor is used here comparing water to silver. this comparison once again emphasizes on the high demand and craving for water. This scenario is described vividly in the lines “roar of tongues………frantic hands”.

These lines add to the visual imagery of the reader and help the reader grasp a more detailed picture trying to be painted by the poet in the readers mind. the word “frantic” is used to emphasize on the emergency of the situation. In the latter half of the poem the poet mentions “naked children screaming” being present in the situation . this line puts a poverty stricken atmosphere forth to the reader and makes the reader feel sympathetic towards the situation. in the last stanza the poet has mentioned the presence of heat significantly in the lines” liquid sun”,”polished to perfection” and “flashing light”. hese phrases repeatedly remind the reader about the scorching heat which adds to the misery of the situation.

The poem ends leaving a significant impact on the reader with the element of god coming in. the poet mentions that angel rays,”flashing light”, shine over these people suffering which signifies that god is watching over their “small bones”. this phrase also adds to the visual imagery of the reader portraying a scenario effected by poverty and hunger. The poem is written in free verse . njambments llike “echo in a tin mug”,”every man woman child for streets” and “frantic hands and naked children” are present in abundance which adds to the flow of the poem due to no rhyme scheme being present. According to me this poem was very appealing as it made me respect the luxuries I get and take for granted. the poet has been able to describe the helpness situation of these poor and hungry people so vivdly that it made me nderstand the value for the goods and services these poor people don’t benefit from and also feel greatly sympathetic towards them.

Robert Frost Robert Frost once debated whether the world ended in fire, or ice. It is a sad thought that the world will end without him; that the future generations will be privy to such events made for people like Robert. He was an inspirational, American poet who questioned the very core of our beliefs, he chose paths that few had took, and that is why today he is remembered today. Robert Frost was born in San Francisco on March 26, 1874.

His family moved to New England when he was eleven; he became interested in reading and writing poetry during his high school years in Lawrence, Massachusetts. He earned his formal degree at the arguably the most prestigious University, Harvard. He later worked through various occupations, ranging from teacher to editor of the Lawrence Sentinel. His first professional poem, “My Butterfly”, was published on November 8, 1894, in The Independent newspaper.

In a 1970 review of The Poetry of Robert Frost, the poet Daniel Hoffman describes Frost’s early work as “the Puritan ethic turned astonishingly lyrical and enabled to say out loud the sources of its own delight in the world,” and comments on Frost’s career as The American Bard: “He became a national celebrity, our nearly official Poet Laureate, and a great performer in the tradition of that earlier master of the literary vernacular, Mark Twain. ” About Frost, President John F. Kennedy said, “He has bequeathed his nation a body of imperishable verse from which Americans will forever gain joy and understanding. Though his work is predominantly associated with the life and scenery of New England, and though he was a poet of traditional verse forms and metrics who remained unfalteringly detached from the poetic movements and fashions of his time, Frost is anything but a merely regional or minor poet. The author of searching and often dark meditations on universal themes he is essentially a modern poet who spoke truthfully in all that encompasses, his work inspired psychological battles inside ourselves, his works were fused with layers of obscurity and irony.

Robert Frost lived and taught for many years in Massachusetts and Vermont, and died in Boston on January 29, 1963. Two poems that debatably epitomize what Robert Frost stood for, what he believed in, how he opened the minds of many people to what is; These two poems are ‘fire and ice’, and ‘the road not taken’. The short poem ‘fire and ice’, outlines the familiar question about the destiny of the end of world, wondering if it is more likely to be devastated by fire or ice. People are on both sides of the debate, and Frost introduces the narrator to provide his personal take on the question of the end of the world.

The narrator first determines that the world must end in fire after bearing in mind his personal experiences with desire and passion, the emotions of fire. Yet, after considering his experience with “ice,” or hatred, the narrator acknowledges that ice would be equally destructive. A reading will now be done of the poem: Some say the world will end in fire, Some say in ice. From what I’ve tasted of desire I hold with those who favor fire. But if it had to perish twice, I think I know enough of hate To say that for destruction ice Is also great And would suffice.

Only nine lines, this miniature poem is a vivid example of Frost’s concisely ironic literary style. The poem varies between two meter lengths (either eight syllables or four syllables) and uses three collections of interwoven rhymes, based on “-ire,” “-ice,” and “-ate. ” In the first two lines of the poem, Frost creates a clear dichotomy between fire and ice and the two groups of people that believe in each element. By using the term “some” instead of “I” or “an individual,” Frost emphasizes that the distinction between the two elements is a universal truth, not just an idea promoted by an individual.

In addition to the unavoidable contradiction between fire and ice, these first lines also outline the prerogative that the world will end as a direct result of one of these elements. It is made unclear which element will lead to the destruction of the world, but it is noteworthy to know that these are the only two options given. The poem does not allow for any other possibilities in terms of the world’s fate, just as there are not any other opinions allowed in the black-and-white debate between fire and ice.

Remarkably, the two prospects for the world’s destruction correspond directly to a common scientific debate during the time Frost wrote the poem. Much like this poem, scientists also debated the eventual end to the Earth, on one side; some believed the Earth will be destroyed by the burning magma core, incinerating the Earth to nothing, while others believed that a new Ice Age would wither all livings things on the earth’s surface. Instead of preserving a strictly scientific perspective on this debate, Frost introduces a more emotional side, associating passionate desire with fire and hatred with ice.

Within this metaphorical view of the two elements, the “world” can be recognized as a metaphor for and consequently foregrounding to the audience, a relationship. Too much fire and passion can quickly consume a relationship, while cold indifference and hate can be equally destructive Although the first two lines of the poem insist that there can only be a single choice between fire and ice, the narrator further details that a combination or a concurring sequence of both elements would destroy the Earth.

Furthermore, the fact that he has had personal experience with both (in the form of desire and hate) reveals that fire and ice are not mutually exclusive, as the first two lines of the poem assert. In fact, though the narrator first concludes that the world will end in fire, he ultimately admits that the world could just as easily end in ice; fire and ice, it seems, are strikingly similar. This further highlights what Frost believes in relationships. That, although a concentration of one emotion, passion or hatred can be destructive he poses that one cannot be without both of them existing.

The second poem analysed will be ‘The road not taken’. The narrator comes upon a fork in the road while walking through a yellow wood. He considers both paths and concludes that each one is equally well-travelled and appealing. After choosing a path, the narrator when he will come back to the fork to choose the different path, he later realises this will possibly never happen but that he will only come to new forks (new decisions), his mind then ponders on how different his life would have been if he chose the different path, a reading will now be done.

Two roads diverged in a yellow wood, And sorry I could not travel both And be one traveler, long I stood And looked down one as far as I could To where it bent in the undergrowth; Then took the other, as just as fair, And having perhaps the better claim, Because it was grassy and wanted wear; Though as for that the passing there Had worn them really about the same, And both that morning equally lay In leaves no step had trodden black. Oh, I kept the first for another day! Yet knowing how way leads on to way, I doubted if I should ever come back.

I shall be telling this with a sigh Somewhere ages and ages hence: Two roads diverged in a wood, and I— I took the one less travelled by, And that has made all the difference. This poem is made up of four stanzas of five lines, each with a rhyme scheme of ABAAB. This poem is one of Frost’s most adored works and is used many times in English studies. Since its publication, many readers have analysed the poem as a nostalgic observation on life choices. The narrator decided to seize the day and express himself as an individual by choosing the road that was “less travelled by. As a result of this decision, the narrator claims that his life was essentially different, that it would have been had he chosen the well-travelled path. This reading of the poem is tremendously popular because every reader can commiserate with the narrator’s decision: having to choose between two paths without having any knowledge of where each road will lead. Moreover, the narrator’s decision to choose the “less travelled” path demonstrates his courage. Rather than taking the safe path that others have travelled, the narrator prefers to make his own way in the world.

However, when we look closer at the text of the poem, it becomes clear that such an idealistic analysis is largely inaccurate. The narrator only distinguishes the paths from one another after he has already selected one and travelled many years through life. When he first comes upon the fork in the road, the paths are described as being fundamentally identical. In terms of beauty, both paths are equally “fair,” and the overall “…passing there / Had worn them really about the same. ” It is only as an old man that the narrator looks back on his life and decides to place such importance on this particular decision in his life.

During the first three stanzas, the narrator shows no sense of remorse for his decision nor might any acknowledgement that such a decision be important to his life. Yet, as an old man, the narrator attempts to give a sense of order to his past and perhaps explain why certain things happened to him. Of course, the excuse that he took the road “less travelled by” is false, but the narrator still clings to this decision as a defining moment of his life, not only because of the path that he chose but because he had to make a choice in the first place.

So now, we will remember American poet, Robert Frost for his ingenious input into such universal truths and how such knowledge can be extracted from his points of view. He is now gone from this Earth, but let us remember him, for his works, for inspiring us to take the road less taken when we come to our own cross roads, to temper our relationships with fire and ice. With these works, dear Robert has left us with enough knowledge and understanding to replace the hole that he has made.

The case that is being analyzed is about the power issues between Lenore and Caroline. This paper will assess the power relationship between the two and explain in great detail the power balancing strategies that can be used. Also included in this paper, will be the Wilmot- Hocker assessment guide. The Wilmot – Hocker Assessment Guide will be the basic foundation for this paper. This assignment will explain the goals of each individual and the messages they use to achieve them. This case study will include examples from the conversation in order to back up certain ideas.

Before Lenore and Caroline engage in conflict, Lenore felt she was being shunned from the family. This feeling of being shunned, resulted in Lenore having a hostile attitude toward Caroline and her family. Even though Lenore feels neglected, she will only state a few of the reasons why she ” Feels a non-person in Caroline”s life and her kid”s.” The reason why she will not engage fully into conflict is she afraid of conflict. She views confrontation in a negative way.

If she did not perceive conflict in a negative view, she would then be more direct on how she feels. When Caroline begins to defend herself and her family, Lenore instantly backs away and pretends to forget what she had previously stated. Lenore is denying that something was communicated because she is trying to ignore the existence of power (Interpersonal Conflict p. 87).

Caroline is the exact opposite of Lenore. Although Caroline does not initiate the conflict, she does not back down from conflict. It is obvious that Caroline is not afraid of conflict. Since the relationship between her mother and her is important, she wants to understand why her mother feels the way she does. Caroline realizes in order to do so, a conflict between ideas will occur. She understands if the conflict is handled correctly, the relationship will gradually become stronger with her mother. Both of their ideas about how a family should be raised will brought out into the open in a conflict.

After reading over the case, it was apparent that both Lenore and Caroline use metaphoric images when they are communicating to each other. Lenore states that parent”s are the best role models for children. If you”re not going to provide that model for them, who is? Caroline responds by saying, ” I can not buy what you are saying.” Although this type of metaphoric image is not mentioned in the book, one must assume that this is an example of conflict as a product. By saying I can not buy what you are saying, Caroline is stating the metaphoric message that conflict is a product and can be bought if it is at the right price.

When Lenore told Caroline that she is heading into fairly stormy waters, Lenore is using what is considered to be a negative metaphor. Stormy waters can be extremely destructive by being repetitive, powerful, and inescapable. The book would compare Lenore”s statement as being “Conflict is a Tide.” Both Lenore and Caroline do not use metaphoric images in a positive way. If both parties realized those metaphors can cast a negative tone, it would limit the possibility for productive conflict management. Neither party would have used the metaphors.

Lenore is a senior citizen, which would make her over sixty-years of age. Taking her age and the way she communicates into consideration, one can assume that she is a conservative and an old fashion type of lady. She demands that Caroline and her children show her respect because of her age. It is even mentioned in the case, that Lenore would drop everything when her parents came to visit her. Caroline is thirty- years old, and it is obvious that she is more liberal then Lenore.

Caroline can understand her daughter”s actions a lot clearer then can Lenore. The difference in generations is one of the main ingredients of the conflict. The older generation of people can not adapt to the change in families. For example, people in Lenore”s time were not so busy with ” Car pools, tennis games, and trips that we”re really not crucial to any part of your life style.” This generation of families is on a lot more hectic schedule. Lenore and many other people from her generation, have a hard time adapting to the fast pace life many families endure.

Lenore must understand and accept that Caroline”s parenting style suits the lifestyle of the family. Lenore”s parenting style may have worked in the fifties, but it will not work in the nineties. Until Lenore accepts this fact, there will always be a conflict between them.

The event that triggers the conflict, is when Caroline”s daughter runs right past Lenore and does not say hello. Lenore interprets that the kid is “spoiled”, and that Caroline has failed at raising her children correctly. This is the event that brought the conflict into mutual awareness. Since Lenore is Caroline”s mother, she unarguably believes she knows what is best for Caroline”s family. This first event lead”s into a destructive spiral of more of Lenore”s problems with Caroline and her family. One of the other problems in the past that upsets her, is that she wants to feel a part of their lives. It seems that if Lenore is not the center of attention, then there must be something wrong.

Caroline believes that there is nothing wrong with her family. Lenore is overreacting and she should just let her be her own person. However, Lenore feels that there is a crisis in the family. She gets even more upset and angry, when Caroline refuses to agree with her that there is a problem in the family. Because Caroline will not agree with Lenore, it adds fuel to the fire. Caroline will listen to her mother because it is her mother, but that does not mean she will agree or change her tactics. Caroline expresses the struggle in a rational state of mind. She does not ignore her mother; instead, she communicates the message she understands her mother has a problem. The mother expresses the struggle in an over-reacting and unrational state. It is overwhelming to her that her daughter will not conform to what she says. She interprets this as being a sign of disrespect.

In order to understand what the incompatible goals are, we must understand what the relational goals of each party are. First of all, Lenore wants her grandchildren to ” kiss and hug her every time they see her.” She also wants her daughter to show her much more respect. On the other hand, Caroline wants her mother to realize that her grandchildren still love and respect her, even though they do not kiss and hug her every time they see her. Since Caroline wants one thing and Lenore wants another, this leads into incompatible goals. Both Caroline and Lenore want different things and this causes a struggle over goals.

The reason why there is a struggle over goals is because time is a scarce resource. The case study would imply that Caroline”s daughter lives a busy life. She has restraints on her time to play with her friends. When she is not playing tennis or going to school, she wants to spend her time with her friends. This is a normal response for children her age. The grandmother does not understand the time restraints on Tara. The granddaughter would rather spend some time with her friends and have fun, then sit around and listen to outdated theories of Dr. Spock. If both Lenore and Caroline were to engage over what goals are important to them, there would be less of a problem. The situation does not have to be Grandma versus the family.

This particular case study lacks goal clarity. Lenore only discovers her goals during the course of the conflict. She only began to engage in conflict, when Tara ran past her and ignored her. Before this incident, she did not have a plan on how to become a bigger influence in the family. If Lenore really wanted to improve the relationship with the family, she would not have been so individualistic. She could have taken account for the family”s needs as well as hers. Lenore could have mentioned that she thought her knowledge on raising families could benefit Caroline and would also help Lenore feel a part of the family.

Throughout the conflict, Caroline was defending herself and her family. Therefore, she used a lot of self-oriented tactics. She became very defensive when Lenore said that she was not interested in their advice or in their decisions. She was forced to defend herself and her family. By being defensive, it limited her to only being able to respond back. She was unable to make clear exactly what she wanted from her mother.

Although the prospective goal was not mentioned, it was obvious that Lenore was upset with the behavior of Tara and Caroline. Lenore stated that her husband and her “feel like their a non-person in your life and your kids life.” Lenore”s first goal would be an example of a relational goal. Lenore wanted her grandchildren and her own daughter to treat her with respect. The conflict was about who Lenore and Caroline are to each other. If Lenore is Caroline”s mother, she should treat her like a mother. However, Caroline feels Lenore should stop telling her what is best for her and her family. This is also an example of a relational goal. Since Caroline and Lenore have opposing views on their relationship, a conflict developed.

The transactive goals that developed in this conflict happened while the conflict was taking place. Caroline was not aware of how her mother felt about their relationship. Even though this conflict took place, Caroline still does not know how the mother feels about the relationship. In the beginning stages of the conflict, Caroline”s goal was to explain why her daughter did not say hello. That was a relational goal. After Caroline realized that her mother was upset about how Caroline is raising her children, the goal drastically changed from being a relational goal to an identity goal. Who is Caroline to her mother? When Caroline said,” Just because you”re my mother does not mean that we have to think exactly the same,” it showed Caroline was trying to clarify their relationship.

During the conflict, Caroline was trying to save face. In order to do so, she had to stick up to her mother. Her mother ,however, wanted to still have control of Caroline and the way she raised her family. When a valid point was made, her mother would find a way to change it around. For example, when Caroline said, “You brought me up to understand that I am my own person,” her mother responded by saying, ” I hope I threw in some training sessions on respecting other people”s authority.” Lenore was accusing Caroline of being a poor mother and having a poor daughter. Lenore could not accept that her daughter could make good decisions, without her assistance.

Since it is not known what exactly the retrospective goal is, one must assume that Caroline realized she should have handled the conflict differently. If the goals in the beginning were clarified, there would not have been such a dispute. Neither party specialized in any type of goal. By the end of the conflict, both parties still did not know what the other party wanted.

The power issue between Lenore and Caroline is not discussed. Lenore, who has less power then Caroline, is trying to take away Caroline”s power. Lenore uses an either/or approach. Caroline is trying to move Lenore against her will. What this means is she is trying to force Lenore to do what she says. If Lenore says that Caroline is not raising her family correctly, she better change something.

Caroline and Lenore are in a conflict over who should have power in the relationship. The mother believes that she knows best on how to raise children and Caroline should listen to her. French and Raven would describe this source of power as expertise. Since Lenore is the mother of Caroline, she believes she has the wisdom, knowledge, and expertise on how a family should operate. Caroline refuses to accept her mother”s opinion and that leads into a struggle over power. When Caroline was younger, her mother was able to punish (coercion) her when she did not like her behavior. Now that she is older her mother is unable to do that and it causes Lenore to be less powerful. Her mother can only verbally attack Caroline, and that is exactly what she does.

A currency that Caroline did not realize she had was her interpersonal linkage. She serves as the bridge between Lenore and Tara. Lenore would not know how Tara felt if it was not for Caroline. If Caroline choose not to tell Tara how Lenore felt, there is nothing Lenore could do about it. This would make Lenore even have less power.

Lenore and Caroline have a power imbalance. Lenore”s goal is to strive for higher power. She even mentions if she was the mother, the children would not be acting this way. Lenore communicates to Caroline in what is called competitive symmetry. This means that she uses a repeated pattern of one-ups. An example of this would be when Lenore said, “This your mother talking.” Lenore attempted to have Caroline be submissive and to agree with her by communicating with one-downs. Instead, Caroline attempted to communicate in what is called a complementary pattern. She would say, ” Your are twisting this all around to make me see your point of view. So what if we disagree with minor things.” She was using a one-up pattern at first by saying how she truly felt, but she then use a one-down pattern when she explained her reasoning and she hoped her mother would agree.

The type of style that Lenore uses is called competitive. She is highly concerned for her own needs and she really does not have a high concern for others. For example she says, “We just have begun to realize that we are going to start looking out for our own needs-alone.” This statement is implying that her needs must be meet first and foremost.

What makes this case interesting, is that Lenore also uses an avoidance technique throughout the argument. When Lenore said, “Nonsense! I”ve never ever told you what to do or when to do it.” This remark indicates that Lenore decided that she would avoid continuing in the argument. She is using what is called a nonconsensual avoidance. She is ignoring everything that Caroline has to say.

Caroline uses a collaborative style when she communicates with her mother. She has a high concern for her needs, but she also has a high concern for her mother”s needs. The problem is her mother and her can not clarify what they want. So it makes it impossible for Caroline to find an integrative solution that will satisfy them both. What results from this is a symmetrical “attack-attack” patterns, were they are trying to one-up each other.

Caroline, Lenore, and Tara are involved in what is known as a toxic triangle. Tara and Lenore are at the top corners, while the grandmother is at the bottom corner. The results from a toxic triangle can be devastating to the relationship. If the grandmother would accept Tara withdrawing from the triangle, it would give Lenore and Caroline time to discuss their current relationship. The focus would not be about Tara, but instead them. This one to one communication could result in the two collaborating.

All and all, both parties need to realize in order to accomplish their goals, they need to know exactly what their goals are. Lenore uses the avoidance and competitive style, while Caroline uses the competitive and collaboration style. They will only further damage the relationship if they keep competing with each other over who has power.

A Journey is a physical or psychological adventure that takes from one place to another. Various types of Journeys can be seen clearly in the three texts studied this year: The Happiest Refugee extract, written by Ann. DOD in 2010, The Silver Donkey novel by Sonny Hairnets in 2004 and the film Bend It Like Beckman directed by Grinder Chad in 2002. The techniques that the composer uses to express the journeys are personification, onomatopoeia, repetition, similes, metaphors, music and acting skills. In The Happiest Refuge, there are both physical and emotional Journeys.

The extract s about Vietnam refugees escape from their war-torn country in an overcrowded, battered boat. The aim of their Journey was to safely reach Australia. Throughout their physical Journey they had to overcome many problems. For example when refugees’ boat engine started spluttering, the reader is in suspense because the refugees Journey could come to an end. “… The engine was spewing out thick petrol fumes… ” This quote uses the technique personification to gives the reader a better description and mental picture of the physical Journey. Ann. DOD also uses onomatopoeia to create a more vivid image of the experience.

For example, when the patrol boat starts shooting at the refugees, their life is at risk. “Bang! Bang! Bang! ” The technique onomatopoeia communicates the danger of the physical Journey and how all of their hard work, effort and preparation could all come to a halt so easily. Emotional Journeys are also represented in The Happiest Refugee. Throughout their overall Journey, the refugees faced emotions of fear, hope, relief and frustration. They were in constant fear that they could be caught by the army. In one case, pirates approached their boat forcing them to give over all of their goods. The refugees’ were in a state of shock and horror. We stood there silent and numb, like sheep awaiting slaughter. ” Ann. DOD uses a simile to describe the emotions that the refugees were facing. The simile expresses the feeling of fright and makes the reader feel the same way. In other situations, feelings of weakness are conveyed. “… SHUT UP! ” The pirates created emotional Journeys for the refugees as they made them feel vulnerable. The quote is an example of the confidence and power of the pirates because of the emotive language as well as the exclamation mark and capital letters o stress the words. Imaginary and physical Journeys are represented in The Silver Donkey.

The novel is about two sisters who find a wounded soldier in the woods. The soldier is trying to get back home so the children help and take care of him. The soldier tells the journeys. For example in one of the tales, an old donkey named Hazel is told to carry a pregnant woman a far distance. The donkey has to try and make it the distance since he is very weak to show his loyalty to his owner. “Steadily, steadily she walked keeping the dancing baby safe… ” The author uses the technique repetition and alliteration to convey the imaginary Journey. This is not a real life Journey; it is the soldier making up a story.

Another type of Journey that is conveyed in The Silver Donkey is the physical Journey of the soldier. The soldier has fled from the awful environment of war. He has been physically damaged resulting in weakness and suffering psychological blindness. “The soldier struggled to see the boy through the lingering fog in his eyes” This metaphor represents the physical Journey of his blindness. In the film Bend It Like Beckman there are both cultural and emotional Journeys. It is bout an Indian girl, Jess, who loves to play soccer although her family is totally against it as it’s not their tradition.

Jess has a special talent for the sport and knows that she can succeed in it as a career so she lies to her parent’s and secretly Joins a soccer team. Jess’ cultural Journey begins when she decides that she is not going to follow her Indian culture as she can’t be herself and please her family. Throughout the film Jess is switching between her fake, home Indian life and her real, outside soccer life. This cultural Journey is represented through music. When Jess is at home, vying an Indian lifestyle, there is sad, Indian music playing.

Then when she is outside playing soccer there is upbeat, Joyful music playing. This technique displays that Jess is not happy with wanting to follow her Indian cultural values and is happier being herself. The emotional Journey of Jess’ parent’s is how they have to learn to accept who Jess is and what she wants to do with her life. At first her parent’s are strict on her, not wanting her to play at all but they eventually saw the talent their daughter had and accepted it. Their emotional Journey comes from being ashamed and annoyed to coming proud and happy for their child.

This Journey is conveyed from the use of drama and emotions of the actors. When the parent’s are ashamed, their attitude is angry and disappointed and then when their emotions towards their daughter change they have a more positive attitude. When they have a positive attitude their face softens and their eyes become more warming. In conclusion the three texts studied display the types of emotional, physical, imaginary and cultural Journeys. These Journeys are clearly expressed through the techniques such as personification, onomatopoeia, repetition, music and acting skills.

I have learnt that there are two different attitudes towards love; I have selected four poems that consider this issue and show the poets true thoughts on love. Two of my texts, ‘Leaving Prince Charming Behind,’ written by Karol Mila and ‘Advice to a discarded Lover,’ written by Fleer Dock, both look at the theme of love and past relationships in a negative and quite a depressing manner. Whereas, the other two texts deal with both the poets sweet, happy and more realistic attitude towards the power of true love. ‘To the girl who stood beside me at the checkout counter of

Whitewalls in Hamilton on Tuesday,’ written by Glenn Colophon and ‘This is love,’ written by Karol Mila both deal with the positive aspects of love and the Journey of love and what it meaner to them. The two texts ‘Leaving Prince Charming Behind,’ written by Karol Mila and ‘Advice to a discarded Lover,’ written by Fleer Dock. Look at the theme of love through two similar ways. The connection between the texts is the poets stating their sad and negative outlook on love, certain techniques such as metaphors help to demonstrate and illustrate the visual image of both poets’ similar negative perceptions of love and relationships.

In the poem, ‘Leaving Prince Charming Behind’ relating to fairy tales clarified that she did not want to be a ‘princess’ anymore. By using a metaphor the poem constantly referred to the fairy tale characters. The technique was effective in showing the connection between the two texts, as the fairy tale characters provide stereotypes and presumed knowledge. So we assume what is going to happen. However Mila proves our assumption wrong by showing the paradoxical side of each event or character. As a reader we know Repulse as a princess in a tower. Mila modifies this image by describing her long hair as ‘shorn. ‘The architect of isolation’ elates to Repulse feeling helpless. She has used this to show that she wanted to escape from him and that she did not love him anymore. The metaphor helps to show the reader, the poet’s negative outlook and idea of what love is, which is not fairy tale is, she describes it to be the complete opposite. This then connects with my second text, ‘Advice to a discarded lover,’ written by Fleer Dock, as she also uses techniques such as metaphors in her poem to illustrate her negative idea of what love is due to a past relationship.

Like the technique discussed previously, metaphors give us a clear image of what love is through the poet’s respective. The verbs that were significant in enhancing the metaphor, that she used to describe the relationship, Wriggling, munching,’ ‘crawling and ‘creeping,’ all relate to someone’s initial reaction on finding a particularly gross bug. His fat, moist warm-skin’ makes him sound revolting, at this stage; she can only be revolted by his actions as she would an insect.

The verbs enhance the metaphor as it helps you to see the poet is literally stating that her ex-partner is a disgusting maggoty dead bird. This is evident when she says, ‘In you I see maggots close to the surface’ so it is clear hat she finds him quite unbearable. Therefore this extended metaphor is a sub- connection symbolisms and illustrates the author thoughts on love which therefore This is the same in the texts, ‘This is love’ written by Karol Mila and ‘To the girl who stood beside me at Whitewalls bookstore in Hamilton on Tuesday,’ written by Glenn Calhoun.

The poets also express their perception of love, through a positive, happy and more realistic point of view; as they are more general not Just focusing on a past relationship, these poets are not referring to fairy tale illusions, We were living he fairy tale,’ or describing their past relationships to be a dead maggoty worthless bird, ‘a dead bird, not only dead, not only fallen, but full of maggots,’ they are saying what love generally meaner to them, and they have logic behind this belief therefore their viewpoint seems to be more realistic.

Together the poets have shown that love is a process with several different stages, these stages will not be completed if the relationship is not cared for and nurtured, to create a happy and healthy relationship which is clearly shown in the texts. Therefore I believe this shows the realism of each ext compared to the last two, also showing their connection. In the poem ‘This is love,’ written by Karol Mila, she uses gardening to relate to love, and relationships between lovers; Mila introduces a metaphor by calling her thoughts, the roots’ which have been nurtured and educated over the years to reach her understanding of love.

The image is developed as she watches ‘big hands brown custodial’ place a new plant into the bucket. The tending process of the thoughts and the new seeds are described in detail. ‘Love is the pruning and the watering in the seventh stanza shows that Mila realizes that love is like a plant that needs to be rated tenderly, pruned back and watered regularly to maintain the relationship, this also supports the idea of showing that the poet believes that love is a Journey, and there are many stages in a relationship, but to have a strong healthy and long relationship, it needs to be nurtured and cared for.

So this shows Mila expressing her perception of what she thinks love is, in this case her outlook to me seems to be quite bright, realistic and peaceful. This then connects with my last text, ‘To the girl who stood beside me at the checkout counter at Whitewalls in Hamilton on Tuesday,’ written by Glenn Colophon. Again the poet writes his true thought on what he believes love is which also seems to be quite loving and sweet.

This is evident when the poet goes through all the things of what he believes true love is centered around, for example We kissed,’ We married,’ We built a house beside a lake,’ and We grew fat and happy together. ‘ All of these are happy things that symbolism what the poet’s initial thoughts and ideas of what he personally believes love is. They also show that this poet believes that love and being in a relationship has several stages, which get more and more significant the longer oh stay with one person, and takes time to get to where you may want to be in a relationship.

I believe this is a very logical and positive viewpoint on love, once again showing the connections with the previous text. I think that can be portrayed in a number of ways depending on past experiences, which may alter your thoughts and your definition of what love meaner to not Just poetry, was always popular but is becoming more and more popular in today’s society, as on a day to day basis we are surrounded by stereotypes of what love is ‘supposed’ to be like.