ICT System Specifications

Table of contents

Software

For my database to run efficiently, the luxury car dealership needs a computer with certain specifications in order to run the certain software. I have researched the necessary system requirements for the software I use to create and run databases. These programmes include the operating system (the OS) and the program I use to create the actual databases.

Microsoft Windows Vista Ultimate

  • 1Ghz 32-bit or 64-bit processor
  • 1GB of system memory
  • DirectX 10
  • 128Mb Graphics Card
  • 40GB HDD with 15GB of free space
  • DVD-ROM Drive
  • Audio Output Capability
  • Internet Access Capability
  • Keyboard and Microsoft mouse or compatible pointing device

Microsoft Office Professional Plus 2007

  • 500-MHz or faster processor
  •  256Mb of RAM or greater
  • 2GB of Hard Drive Space
  • DVD Disc Drive
  • Windows Vista, Windows XP Home, Professional or Media Centre Edition with Service Pack 2
  • Super VGA (800×600) Monitor or greater
  • Broadband Connection
  • Programmes included are the 2007 versions of: Microsoft Access, Communicator, Excel, InfoPath, Outlook, PowerPoint, Publisher and Word.

Microsoft Office includes all of the necessary programs for the car dealership’s database including Microsoft Access to create it and Microsoft Word for the mail merge. It is quite expensive but it is compatible with all documents and is a quality product, used by many businesses every day. I myself use these Microsoft Office programs so it is easier for me to create the database.

As well as Microsoft Office, there is also another type of software currently found on the internet and as a free download. The program is called “Star Office”. This is available for free from a website: www.sun.com, where you can download the program for free. The program can be linked with Microsoft Office, as there is a word processor (Microsoft Word), spreadsheets (Microsoft Excel), presentations (Microsoft PowerPoint), E-Mail Client (Microsoft Outlook) and Databases (Microsoft Access).

The system specifications of “Star Office” are:

  • 320Mb of Hard Drive Space
  • 128Mb of RAM
  • Microsoft Windows XP Home Edition/Professional/Media Center Edition 2005 with Service Pack 2
  • For Download from the Internet – Broadband Connection
  • For Installation by Disc – DVD Disc Drive

The advantages of using Star Office are that it is free from their website, it includes most of the functions from Microsoft Office and it does not take up a lot of space on the Hard Drive or RAM. The fact that the software is free is that is it not as good as Microsoft Office because it cannot open all the documents, which could be difficult for the dealership if they create a document on Microsoft Office (say from their home) and when they try to upload it onto the computer at work, it might not be able to open.

I decided to choose the Microsoft Office Professional Plus 2007 for the company because it is a quality product and it is compatible with all documents. It is also the top of the range version with all of the necessary programs for the dealership, unlike Star Office. It is also much easier to use for both new and existing users of the dealership. However, it is quite expensive but the overall cost is less than using Star Office. The computer’s operating system is also made by Microsoft, which is a genuine company and are also the company who make Microsoft Office, so they are compatible. The company users may also have used Microsoft Office before so it would be familiar to them.

Computer

The company have also asked me to purchase new computers that will benefit them. I have looked at several computer websites and tried to find a computer with at least the exact specifications shown above for Microsoft Windows Vista and Microsoft Office Professional Plus 2007. As I have been with the knowledge of computers for a long time, I know which computer manufacturers to trust. I looked at several online stores including PC World, Currys Digital and Sony Centre Online and I have found two PC’s that meets my needs and the company itself.

I chose Sony as the computer manufacturer as they are very reliable, they build quality computers and they have a superb repair service if the computer crashes. I have found this laptop on Sony’s website that suited the company and me:

Sony Vaio AR Series with Blu-Ray Disc Drive

Specifications

  • Intel(r) Core(tm) Duo Processor T2500, Supports Enhanced Intel SpeedStep(r) Technology
  • Microsoft(r) Windows(r) Vista Ultimate
  • 1920 x 1200 Display
  • 1024Mb of RAM
  • Blu-Ray Super Multi Double Layer DVD
  • NVIDIA(r) GeForce(tm) Go 7600 GT with 256MB dedicated Video Memory
  • 802.11a/b/g Wireless Receiver
  • HDD (Hard Drive Disc) 160Gb

This might seem quite expensive yet it has all the necessary specifications and more. The RAM (Random Access Memory) is very large – 1024Mb. This means that they can load up a lot of programs at once without any lag time. This will benefit the company as they will be able to open many programs at once e.g. opening the database and Microsoft Word at the same time and they would not have to close a program down to open another. It also has Windows Vista Ultimate. This will benefit the company because most of the users would have used a Microsoft operating system before so all of their documents are compatible and they know how to use Microsoft Windows without any training.

It also has a DVD Disc Drive, which means they are able to write and re-write DVD’s. There is also a Blu-Ray Disc Drive. The Blu-Ray discs can hold up to 60 GB of data and it is re-writeable. This means that the company can save documents and files on several large discs and is able to re-write any disc placed in it (as long as the disc is re-writeable). This means that they can back-up all of their documents and files onto the disc so that if their laptop crashes, the documents will not be deleted.

The laptop is ideal for the company because it is portable, so the manager can load the specifications of the car and show the customers the specifications next to the car, rather than looking at the car then looking at the specifications.

The hard drive is also very large – 160 GB – which can easily store all the necessary programs and more programs if the company wish to install more programs.

The laptop also has a wireless card built-in which means that if the company has a wireless router, they can access the internet wirelessly. This means that they can carry the laptop anywhere and have a wireless connection. They can show the customers the car manufacturer’s website when they are looking at that particular car so that they can see what the specifications are and what the price would be when bought new from the cars dealership.

Finally, the laptop has a large screen, which means that there will be no difficulty looking at the screen and not being able to see what is on there. The screen is also backlit so if the room is dark, you can see the screen more clearly and easily. The backlit screen is brighter when plugged into the mains but darker when portable in order to save battery life.

The other computer I was looking at was another Sony desktop computer:

Sony Vaio VGC Series (Black)

  • Intel(r) Pentium(r) D Processor 820 (2.80 GHz and 800 MHz FSB)
  • Genuine Microsoft(r) Windows(r) Vista Ultimate
  • 250 GB SATA hard disk drive
  • 1 GB (2 x 512 MB) DDR2-533 SDRAM, maximum 1 GB
  • 20″ WXGA (1366 x 768) widescreen X-black LCD screen with double lamp technology
  • ATI Mobility(tm) Radeon(r) X700 graphics card with 256 MB HyperMemory(tm)
  • Wireless LAN 802.11b/g
  • Wireless QWERTY keyboard with pointing device (touch pad type), wireless optical mouse and remote control

Between the Sony laptop and the desktop, I have chosen the desktop as the company’s new computer. The reasons why I chose the desktop are that the desktop is very slim, similar to the laptop. Also, the desktop’s power is from the mains, not from a battery pack which the laptop has and needs recharging every two hours or so. The desktop has a wider screen than the laptop, making it easier to see. The screen is also backlit, similar to the laptop but it is always bright. However, with the laptop, when portable, the screen is dark and not backlit.

The desktop has all the necessary requirements and features the company need. The desktop specifications are much better than those of the laptop. Firstly, it has a 250GB hard drive disc, the laptop has 160GB. The desktop also has a 1024Mb which is equal to the laptop. The desktop is bundled with a wireless card so at the company can connect to the internet wirelessly without any Ethernet cables. The laptop has a wireless card yet it uses a lot of the laptops battery life and significantly reduces it to one hour’s battery life when connected wirelessly. Finally, the desktop is bundled with a wireless keyboard (useful for typing on desks or when standing), a remote control (to control presentations such as slide shows and picture galleries) and a wireless optical mouse (useful when working on a desk).

The most important reason why I chose this desktop was that it was cheaper than the laptop . I thought that the selling price was quite good considering that when you buy the desktop; you have higher specifications than the laptop which costs an extra ½500, which has poorer specifications. I chose the computer manufacturer Sony because they make high quality computers with excellent specifications, reliability and at a reasonable price.

An alternative to using Microsoft Windows Vista Ultimate is using Apple’s OS X Tiger 10.4. This is very similar to Windows yet it uses different programs, so the same applications are not cross compatible, so the company’s employees would not be able to view documents made on a Macintosh on a Windows PC. I did not choose Mac OS X because the employees and I have no training in using this software. Also, the Mac is more graphically advanced than Windows, yet this is unnecessary because the computer is only needed for running a database and does not have to have a lot of graphical power. Finally, Mac OS X is much more expensive as it includes all the software made by Apple. Most of the software is unnecessary for the dealership so purchasing a Windows Vista PC is more beneficial as the user can choose what programs you wish to purchase.

Printers

There are two types of printers available to purchase; inkjet and laser. I decided to choose one suitable inkjet printer and one laser printer for the dealership and then work out which would be the best to purchase. I decided to choose “Lexmark” as the printers manufacturer because they are very reliable, efficient, cheap and a well known brand. I myself have a Lexmark printer and I recommend their printers to all of my customers.

Lexmark Z845

  • Inkjet Printer
  • USB Connection
  • 100 paper tray
  • 24 pages per minute in black
  • 18 pages per minute in colour
  • Windows and Mac compatible

This printer is very cheap. This is beneficial for the user and the dealership because it would save them quite a lot of money on a laser printer, like the one below. It also prints both colour and black ink so the user can print out documents such as reports as well as print out photos of the cars if he wishes to. The printer can also hold a lot of paper before it has to be refilled which is good because the user could ask the computer to print 100 pages and would be able to leave the printer printing for a long time.

However, this printer is inkjet so it takes a lot longer to print both colour and black ink pages than a laser printer which could be annoying and time consuming for the user as he may have to print out the documents as quickly as possible for a customer waiting. The ink also runs out very quickly, which means that the user would have to purchase more and more cartridges. These are also very expensive, which is not beneficial for the company.

Lexmark E120N

  • Laser Printer
  • USB Connection
  • 165 paper tray
  • 20 pages per minute in black
  • Windows only compatible

The alternative to the inkjet printer is this laser one. It holds 165 pages until it has to be refilled – 65 more than the inkjet printer. This means that the user is able to leave the printer for a long time to print out documents until he has to refill the paper. It also prints 20 pages per minute in black which is quite a lot. This means that the user can print off reports very quickly, saving the user time and effort. The toner is also very long lasting and is quick and cheap to change – unlike the inkjets cartridges. This will save the user time and money when the toner has run out.

However, this printer only prints in black so the user would not be able to print any colour documents or photos from the printer. It is also more expensive.

I decided to purchase the Lexmark E120N for the company. Firstly, it is laser so it is able to print a lot of black pages very quickly and efficiently, saving the user time and money replacing the cartridges of the printer as the toner is much cheaper. Also, the printer holds more paper than the other one so the user does not have to keep refilling the paper tray as often as using the laser printer.

Unfortunately, the printer only prints black pages. However, the company would not need to print out anything in colour as it only needs to print out reports, so buying an inkjet printer would be inadequate. Also, the printer is more expensive but by saving money from buying toner rather than inkjet cartridges, the money is effectively paid back from the saved money.

Internet

I also decided that the company should purchase a broadband connection for many reasons. Firstly, if the company were to expand in the future, they would be able to communicate with the other dealerships across the region, saving time and money spent on making phone calls to the other dealerships for information.

Looking at the software requirements of Windows Vista Ultimate, the company needs to have an internet connection so that they can register their computer and OS with Sony and Microsoft to prevent any illegal copies of it being made. The internet connection also benefits the company as they would be able to update vital downloads on their computers.

The internet may also benefit the company because they would be able to compare their prices with other companies who rent luxury cars, so that they know if they are over or under charging for their rentals, benefiting the company and the customers themselves.

Also, the company is able to download new information from the car manufacturer’s website including new cars and new details. They could also purchase new or used cars from the manufacturers directly through the internet.

I recommend to the company that they purchase a fast internet connection of 8Mbps. This would benefit the company and the user because they would be able to download updates from Microsoft very quickly and efficiently, they would be able to access website quickly saving a lot of time for the user, they would be able to surf the web and download items at the same time and it would be future proof for the company so that they would not have to upgrade their internet speed for a long time.

However, if the company purchase an internet connection, they would have to purchase some software to protect it against viruses and spy ware. A program they should purchase is Norton Anti-Virus 2007. This can be purchased via the internet or as a software package. This would provide protection for the company’s computer against viruses such as “Trojan Horse” and spy ware which allows other computers to access information and document from your PC, effectively ruining your privacy. If the computer was attacked by one of the 114,000 viruses on the internet, the computer’s data could become corrupted and any valuable data could be lost. By purchasing this software, this will prevent any damage happening to the company’s computer.

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Nintendo Strategy

Simplifying the design and use of the WI system allowed the developers to create the perfect entry strategy for their new target market with great success. In the first half of 2007, the Nintendo WI sold more units in the united States than the Oxbow 360 and Plantation 3 (ASS). In the first quarter of 2008, Nineteen’s net sales were up over 20% from the same quarter the previous year and WI was outselling Its seventh generation home system rivals the Sony Plantation 3 and the Oxbow 360.

Nineteen’s net income in the same quarter was up over 30% from the same quarter the previous year due to the intended strength of WI and Nintendo ADS hardware and software sales. Finally, most believe that both Sony and Microsoft had been traditionally operating at a loss with anticipated gains In software and game sales while Nintendo enjoyed operating profits. Although initially surprised by Wig’s resounding broad appeal, Sony and Oxbow were prepared for a series of competitive counter moves designed to attack Wig’s popularity going into the 2008 holiday season.

Some of your students may have received early versions of game consoles such as Nintendo 64, Saga Genesis, or Plantation or handheld games such as Nintendo Gamey as gifts when they were children. Given he increasing popularity, sophistication and complexity of consoles, it’s also likely Tanat a majority AT your students currently own one AT ten inhumane game or consoles mentioned in the case.

The case will allow you to illustrate concepts from Chapters 3 – 6 if used as a stand alone case or can be paired with Case 11–Competition in the Video Game Console Industry if you prefer to use the case to focus on the strategy options presented in Chapters 5 and 6. The case provides sufficient information to allow students to prepare a review of the industry dominant economic characteristics, Lully examine the competitive forces at play in the video game industry, consider the industry driving forces and key success factors, and examine Nineteen’s internal situation and recent financial performance.

The case also allows students to understand how focused differentiation strategies are capable of yielding above- average profit margins without a reliance on premium pricing. The case also allows students to understand the appeal of Nineteen’s Blue Ocean strategy and observe how the company has turned a first mover advantage into what appears to be a sustainable advantage. This teaching note reflects the thinking and analysis of the case authors, Professor Lou Marino and Sally Garrett, both of the University of Alabama.

We are most grateful for their insight, analysis and contributions to how the case can be taught successfully. 717 718 Case 12 Nineteen’s Strategy for the WI-?Good Enough to Beat Oxbow 360 and Plantation 3? Finally, the case’s strong decision focus allows students to consider what Nintendo must do next to ultimately win the battle among next generation video game consoles. To give students guidance in what to do and think about in preparing the

Nintendo case for class discussion, we strongly recommend providing class members with a set of study questions and insisting that they prepare good notes/answers to these questions in preparing for class discussion of the case. To facilitate your use of study questions and making them available to students, we have posted a file of the Assignment Questions contained in this teaching note for Nintendo on the student section of the publisher’s Online Learning Center for the 17th edition (www. Meme. Com/Thompson). You should be aware that there is a set of study questions posted in the student LLC for each of the 26 cases included in the 17th edition. ) In our experience, it is quite difficult to have an insightful and constructive class discussion of an assigned case unless students have conscientiously have made use AT pertinent core concepts Ana analytical tools In preparing ostentatious answers to a set of well-conceived study questions before they come to class. In our classes, we expect students to bring their notes to the study questions to use/refer to in responding to the questions that we pose.

Moreover, students often find having a set of study questions is useful in helping them prepare oral team presentations and Ritter case assignments-?in addition to whatever directive questions you supply for these assignments. Hence, we urge that you insist students spend quality time preparing answers to study questions-? either those we have provided or a set of your own questions. There is a 2:48 second video that accompanies this case that discusses how the WI has expanded the market for video games by appealing to non-traditional gamers.

It is best to show the video at the very beginning of the class discussion. The case can be used effectively for a written assignment or oral presentation. Our recommended questions for written assignments are as follows: 1. You have recently been hired by Nintendo of America as an analyst and have been assigned to its WI strategy group. During your first meeting with the strategy group, the team leader asked that you prepare an analysis of the video game console industry for distribution at the next meeting.

Please prepare a 5-6 page report that includes a description of the industry dominant business and economic characteristics, evaluates competition in the industry, assesses industry driving forces, and lists industry key success factors. Your report should also include a tragic group map of the entire video game industry and specific strategy recommendations that will allow the WI to remain the leading next generation console. 2. As a newly hired Nintendo of America retail representative, you have been asked to Join a cross functional strategy group.

The group’s charge from upper level management is to make a set of recommendations designed to further solidify the company’s number-one ranking in the industry. Your recommendations to upper management should be in the form of a 2 – 3 page executive summary and must be supported with a complete industry analysis, company situation analysis, and uncial analysis. Each recommendation should be supported by your analyses and must clearly specify what elements of your analysis led to your conclusions.

The exhibits, tables and figures used in your analysis should be attached to your executive summary and carry an equal weight in determining your grade for the assignment. ASSIGNMENT QUESTIONS 1 . What are the defining business and economic characteristics of the video game console industry? What is the industry like? 2 want Is competition Like In ten peeve game console Industry:’ DOD Twelve-Tortes analysis to support your answer. Which of the five competitive forces is strongest? Which is weakest?

Would you characterize the overall strength of competition in video game consoles as fierce, strong, moderate to normal or weak? Why? Crafting & Executing Strategy 17th Edition 3. What forces are driving changes in the video game console industry? Are these driving forces acting to make the industry more or less competitively intense? Are the driving forces acting to make the industry more or less profitable in future years? 4. What 3-5 key factors determine the success of video game console developers like Nintendo? 5. What is Nineteen’s strategy?

Which of the five generic strategies discussed in Chapter 5 is Nintendo using? What are some of the recent offensive and/or defensive strategies that Nintendo has employed? Have these tactics been successful? 6. Is it fair to characterize Nineteen’s introduction of the WI as a blue ocean strategy? Why or why not? 7. How well is Nineteen’s strategy working in terms of the financial performance it is delivering? Should shareholders be pleased? Why or why not? What 2-3 weaknesses do you see in Nineteen’s financial performance? 8. What does a SOOT analysis reveal about the attractiveness of Nineteen’s overall taxation?

Is the company’s competitive position as solid as top management seems to believe? Does the company have a competitive advantage? If so, what is the basis for this competitive advantage and is the advantage sustainable? 9. What does a competitive strength assessment (as per the methodology in Table 4. 4 of Chapter 4) reveal about whether Nintendo has a competitive advantage? 10. What recommendations would you make to Nintendo to improve its competitiveness in the video game console industry and to maintain its favorable positioning visit-Г-visit Microsoft and Sony?

TEACHING OUTLINE AND ANALYSIS . What are the defining business and economic characteristics of the video game console industry? What is the industry like? Students should be able to identify the following business and economic characteristics of the console segment of the video game industry: v Economies AT scale: competitors In ten Industry are large Ana conclave cost advantages by producing large quantities. However, both Sony and Microsoft have traditionally operated at a loss in part due to heavy investments into research and development. Product innovation: Competitors win market share from rivals by developing arduous that are technologically superior and more powerful than the products offered by rivals. New products often contain technological breakthroughs such as advanced graphics or interactive motion-sensitive controllers as the basis for competition. V Degree of product differentiation: Products in the market are becoming increasingly more differentiated. Some products offer high definition graphics and play DVD’s while others offer controllers with motion sensors to fundamentally change the way gamers play and interact with the game. Scope of competitive rivalry: Competition occurs on a global scale to help bread research and development costs while driving revenues. For the largest competitors, non-American sales account for the majority of worldwide sales with the exception of Oxbow v Segmentation: The industry was segmented into console hardware, console software, handheld hardware, handheld software, PC software, online games, interactive TV, and mobile phone games. V Market size: The total size of the global video game industry exceeded 69 million units sold in 2008. 19 720 Students should further identify the following as important attributes of the industry: v Entry/Exit barriers. Barriers to entry were all but insurmountable. Successful new entrants were required to have sufficient capital and technological capabilities to develop sophisticated game hardware systems capable of performing highly complex calculations. Other barriers to entry included the establishment of an installed base of sufficient size to provide an adequate incentive for independent software developers to create games for a new game system. Scope of rivalry. Rivalry in the industry could be considered global, with the three largest sellers of game systems competing against each other in all world arrest. Competition exists on the basis of technologically-advanced and unique v scale economies. Economies AT scale were necessary to Keep game system Ana component development expenses at acceptable per unit levels. Next generation game system and component development costs were so high that analysts believed Sony and Microsoft consistently operated at a loss. V Consumer characteristics.

While typical gamers could be thought to have demographic characteristics of being young and male, a new trend is emerging whereby traditional non-gamers are now potential consumers. This has expanded nonuser characteristics to include a wider array of ages along with male and female consumers. 2. What is competition like in the video game console industry? Do a five-forces analysis to support your answer. Which of the five competitive forces is strongest? Which is weakest? Would you characterize the overall strength of competition in video game consoles as fierce, strong, moderate to normal or weak? Why?

Substitutes for Video Game Systems Competitive pressures coming from the market attempts of outsiders to win buyers over to their product s Suppliers of Raw Materials and other inputs used in the Manufacturing f Video Game Consoles Competitive pressures stemming from supplier-seller collaboration and bargaining Rivalry among Competing Video Game System Sellers Competitive pressures created by the Jockeying of rival sellers for better market position and competitive advantage seller-buyer collaboration and bargaining Buyers of Video Game Systems Competitive pressures coming from the threat of entry of new rival s Potential New Entrants Into ten Vivo Game console Industry v The bargaining power and leverage of buyers – a weak competitive force Big box electronics store and discount store buyers had relatively little leverage in estimations with sellers of video game consoles. Consumers expected retailers to carry the three leading brands of consoles and the top two brands of handheld games.

A decision by retailers not to carry the leading brands of game consoles would negatively impact the retailer’s image with consumers. Students may suspect that manufacturers had uniform pricing for retailers, regardless of size, because of the standardized retail prices of game consoles. V The bargaining power and leverage of suppliers – a moderately strong competitive force Students will easily conclude that suppliers of microprocessors and graphics recessing units (Spins) had a moderate degree of leverage with console manufacturers because of the collaborative development process utilized in the industry. Console makers were unable to negotiate between sellers of core components, since microprocessors and Spins were specifically designed for a system.

Students can rightfully argue that video game console producers did have the ability to negotiate terms with components manufacturers prior to the development of a next generation system. V Competition from substitutes – a moderately strong competitive force There were many recreation and entertainment substitutes to video games. Video gamers could engage in outdoor sports or other activities or find entertainment indoors by watching television, reading, listening to music, surfing the Internet, playing board games, or playing a musical instrument. However, the interactive nature of video games was very intriguing for many young people and older gamers. Students should point out that other gaming platforms such as PC games, handheld games and mobile phone games were also substitutes for console-based video games. Threat of entry – a weak competitive force Entry barriers that include considerable console development costs, advanced genealogical skills, a sizeable installed base of game consoles, game software development costs, volume guarantees to suppliers of key components and access to retailers make the threat of entry weak. The most likely new entrants would be established computer technology companies such as Apple. V Rivalry among competing video game console producers – a fierce competitive Torte Students should conclude that rivalry among competing sellers is fierce. Competition between Nintendo, Sony and Microsoft centers primarily on the technological capabilities of the consoles and having a wide variety of appealing name titles developed either internally or through partnerships with independent game developers. The intensity of competition had driven console development and production costs to more than $800 per unit for the Plantation 3.

A third competitive weapon utilized by console makers was aggressive pricing, which resulted in a loss of more than $300 per unit on every Plantation 3 sold. Microsoft’s Oxbow 360 pricing was also believed to be below its production costs. Nintendo had chosen not to compete aggressively on technological capabilities when developing the WI and has earned refits on the sales of WI units. Overall Assessment: Students should conclude that the video game industry is only modestly attractive when looking at the console segment. The greatest percentage of industry profits seemed to generate from the sale of game software and peripherals. Students may compare the video game business to the razor/razor blade industry, whereby razors are sold at a loss or breakable and blades carry high margins.

The development of a large installed base of console systems is essential to earning substantial profits from the sale of game software over the lifep of a console. Therefore, students should recognize that the video game industry requires patience on the part of participants to see profits from their investments in next generation technology. 721 722 3. What forces are driving changes in the video game console industry? Are these driving forces acting to make the industry more or less competitively intense? Are the driving forces acting to make the industry more or less profitable in future years? Driving forces that students should be able to identify include: v Product innovation.

Students should note that since the beginning of the died game industry, each new generation of video game consoles has been dramatically more technologically advanced than prior generations. Technological advancements have included better graphics (I. E. , high definition) and motion sensor controllers. V Emergence of new video game devices. Students will comment on the emergence of new video game devices such as mobile phones, ‘Pods, and other handheld devices. V Emergence AT Internet-Dates peeve games. Beginning wilt ten Good Ana Play 2, game consoles were capable of connecting to the Internet to play Internet-based game software or multilayer games. Societal trends.

Changes in societal trends influence the disposable income of consumers to buy consoles. The industry is said to be resilient to recession. Changes in demographic groups present an opportunity in untapped market segments. V Changing consumers. There has been a change in the target audience for video game console industry competitors with the introduction of Nineteen’s WI. Incumbents are likely to take note of this new segment. Students should conclude that the individual and collective effect of industry driving forces will drive development costs higher-?making the industry less attractive for new entrants and increasing the number of unit sales necessary for current console makers to achieve breakable.

Students could make the argument that, as development and production costs continue to climb, consoles must evolve into central entertainment hubs that all consumers would like to have in their homes to achieve sales volumes necessary to support profitability. In addition, students may suggest that the cost of developing handheld systems will likely rise as features are added to defend against game features included on wireless telephones and pod- type devices. 4. What 3-5 key factors determine the success of video game console developers like Nintendo? Students should identify several factors that are necessary for competitive success in the console segment of the video game industry to include the following: v Large installed base.

Students should be able to argue successfully that the development of a large installed base is the most important factor related to success in the console segment of the video game industry. A limited selection of game titles reduced consumer interest in the console-?regardless of its technological capabilities. V Technological capabilities. Video game console makers were required to develop next generation consoles that could fully exploit the capabilities of the latest microprocessors and Spins. Traditional gamers seemed most interested in games with realistic graphics. Nineteen’s WI did not have the graphics rendering capabilities of the Plantation 3 or Oxbow 360, but did include a highly innovative and technologically advanced wireless game controller. Partnerships with independent software developers. The availability of intriguing game titles was essential to building an installed base and earning residual pronto Trot game sales. Strategy 17th Edition rattling & Executing v Acceptable development and production costs. Development costs and production costs increased as each new generation of game console became more technologically advanced. The cost to develop microprocessors and Spins capable of performing increasingly complex instruction sets and the cost of innovative components such as Sonny’s Blue-Ray HAD optical drive had caused the cost of each Plantation 3 unit to range from $805 to $840.

The Plantation g’s retail price caused Sony to lose as much as $305 per unit, which increased the volume of game software that must be sold to make the business unit profitable. Access to distribution. Students should determine without much difficulty that access to retail distribution through big box electronics stores and large discount stores such as Wall-Mart and Target are essential to building an installed base. Chapter 5 is Nintendo using? What are some of the recent offensive and/ or Students should identify a firm’s competitive strategy as being concerned with the specific game plan management uses to compete successfully and to secure a competitive advantage over its rivals.

This requires that a firm out-compete its rivals by doing a better Job of satisfying buyer needs and preferences. Companies can employ one of five generic strategies or some combination thereof to beat its rivals. Those generic strategies include the following: overall , broad differentiation strategy, focused low-cost strategy, focused differentiation strategy and best-cost provider strategy. Students may find that Nintendo is using a broad differentiation strategy, which involves competing by being unique in ways that are valuable to a wide range of customers. Nineteen’s WI utilizes a game controller that is highly interactive by incorporating motion sensors.

As such, Nintendo has successfully built a competitive advantage by incorporating features that enhance buyer satisfaction in uneconomic or intangible ways, which is one of the four ways to build a competitive advantage with a broad differentiation strategy. Nineteen’s broad differentiation strategic approach has been successful since technological breakthroughs are a critical success factor in the industry. Additionally, Nineteen’s recent offensive and defensive strategies have helped the company successfully implement its strategy. A core element of Nineteen’s offensive strategy involved changing the market’s perception of WI by offering a very different gaming

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X: Relative Clause

Words from the text Meanings lifted 1 . Appeared for the first time came on the scene 2. Accepting Clashing with 3. Moving to a new position decimated 4. To blame Apple embracing 5. Loses the opportunity/ -ties is lifting 6. Stole shifting 7. Be expert in reshaping 8. Changing the structure to do so 9. Destroyed misses out on 10. Is raising too higher level excelled at 11. In conflict with 5 Ideas Apple Gleefully Stole From Google, Twitter, and Microsoft By Mark Wilson (12 December 2013) (Modified Version) Mark Wilson is a writer who started Philanthropy. Com.

His work has also appeared at Gizmo, Kodak, Pommel, Oppose, Esquire, American Photo and Lucky Peach. . If sis 7 and SO X Mavericks look a bit familiar, yet , there are at least five good reasons for that. Apple lifted them from other innovators, and then made them slightly better. For those who’ve been following the minor details of interface design, you will see that many of their ideas, from SO X Maverick to sis 7 are actually old, or at the very least familiar. It is impossible to look at Apple’s latest software without seeing the influence of Windows 8, Android, and even Chromosomes.

But as Steve Jobs once famously paraphrased (and the tech press has mentioned this quite often), “Good artists borrow, great artists steal. ” Here is some of what Apple stole in their latest software updates and, in many cases, made better: 2. The first thing you notice when looking at sis 7 is the flatness. The home screen’s icons lack a plastic sheen (shine). Message’s chat bubbles are no longer bubbly. Furthermore, each button has been improved with a 2-D presence. 3. But the second thing you will notice are the liberal printed directly on a pane of glass.

Meanwhile, your desktop or app blurs away in the background–still there, Just no longer noticeable. 4. It’s a trick that we originally saw n Rare, the Windows Vista transparent interface that was complained for requiring powerful graphics cards. Also, there is a big difference in implementation. Whereas Microsoft used transparency to sell us on the grandeur (greatness) of 3-D, Apple is using it to subtly highlight the otherwise hidden depth of its “flat” interface. The effect is humbugging (improved culture), as a photo of a friend or child hides below, tempering the graphic minimalism (simplicity). 5.

When Android came on the scene, it was incredibly ugly, however, it came with one stunning (special) feature known as live wallpapers. They were actually a poor design choice, generally clashing with icons and distracting your eye from the I-Jell. Moreover, they further decimated Android’s already horrible battery life. 6. Today, Apple isn’t embracing a fully animated background with sis 7, but it is lifting the detailed weather screens that were probably the live wallpaper’s greatest hallmark. More importantly, though, Apple is also animating the homepage in a far subtler way: parallax (make it come alive) viewing.

As the angle of the phone changes in your hand, the image shifts so you can actually look around and under icons. No doubt Google wanted your desktop to feel alive. With sis g’s responsive, parallax home screen, the phone might Just do that. 7. Apple is shifting APS like rework to a browser-based panel, where every change you make is automatically synced (synchronized) in the cloud. You can even open rework on a PC and, because of this setup, experience the same rework I-Jell as you have on your Mac.

Like a car company reshaping the lines of its iconic (well known) sports car over five to ten years, Apple is coyly (very slowly) easing us into the app as a cloud wrapper, while solving one of Apple’s greatest problems today: How to sync a seer’s APS across desktops and mobiles. Now, is that the right approach for a design leader? I don’t know. But it is the proven way for a big company to make big changes without causing frustrations for the consumers. But In Design, Stealing Is A Good Thing 8. It is easy to read an article like this one and blame Apple.

But to do so misses out on the greater narrative at play. Truth be told, Apple is rarely the first to market with any technological trick. Moreover, it even stole the GUI from Xerox! What Apple has excelled at (outshines) for decades is the ability to lift all the right parts of all the eight designs and place them all in the right places. Apple will sell us on Chromosomes, in their own way, Just like it convinced us that a battery-powered hard drive was the greatest portable music player ever invented. In Apple’s hands, discrete (separate) piece of design can become a masterpiece.

Activity 3: [Individual / Pair-work] There are all together eight paragraphs. In the table below, each paragraph has been summarized in two ways. Your task is to identify the best summary of each paragraph and your lecturer will lead a discussion on the correct answers. Paragraph One Sentence Summary . Apple has been modifying other tech giants’ ideas and has been successful in most cases. B. Apple has been illegally using other company’s ideas in its products. 2 a. The screen does not shine any more. B. Reducing its brightness and appearance of buttons in 2-D enhances the flat screen. A. Transparency is enhanced. B. Enhanced transparency allows the letters to appear clearly on the glass while the background icons weaken. 4 a. Microsoft advertised the wonderful 3-D interface, and Apple refined the concept by making it more appealing to the users. B. Apple made a trick. 5 a. The first Android came with the new concept of live wallpapers. B. Initial Android version was not popular. 6 a. Apple’s desktop uses live wallpaper in a more humble and satisfying way. B. Apple just might beat Google in making the desktop more alive with live wallpaper. 7 a.

Apple is modifying rework so that what you do on your computer is also being done in the cloud. B. As Apple progressively modifies its APS, its users are also being gradually trained to use cloud-based app. 8 a. Apple’s strength is to modify the existing ideas and create a new product that becomes a work of art. B. Apple is now trying to create its Chromosomes. Activity 4 [Individual or Paperwork][ Your lecturer will give you feedback on this. ] Do this activity on a piece of paper. Write a summary of the article by following these instructions: Your summary should be no more than 70 words.

Combine the one sentence summary of each paragraph. Use linking words to show the relationship between details. Add a topic sentence (a claim) to the beginning of the summary. (Look at the title of the article. How does it link to the one sentence summaries of the paragraphs? ) Add a concluding sentence to the summary. Add in-text referencing. Language in Use Make your sentence more informative with Relative Clauses Activity 1: Lecture on Relative Clause [class discussion][3 minutes] Compare the sentences in the two columns and decide which version appears to be more efficient way of writing.

Why? Version A Version B The dog chased the cat that killed the mouse that ate the cheese that was made from the milk that came from the cow that farmer Simon bought. The dog chased the cat. The cat killed the mouse. The mouse ate the cheese. The cheese was made from the milk. The milk came from the cow. The farmer Simon bought a cow. Why do we use relative clauses? To add important details / information To make the sentence concise and informative To keep your focus clear Relative clause begins with a relative pronoun.

Relative pronouns are: that, who, whom, whose, which, where, when, and why; Most common relative pronouns are who/ whom, whose, that, and which. ‘Comma’ or ‘No Comma’? When the relative clause adds necessary (important) information to the main sentence, NO COMMA is needed. Martin who/m I used to work with is moving to Canada. (There is more than one Martin. So it is important to specify which Martin! ) Martin, whom I worked closely with, is moving to Canada. Relative clause is not important. ) This is true only for relative clauses that appear in the middle of the main sentence.

If the relative clause appears right at the start, you NEED a comma. When Martin first moved to Chucking, he could not speak Malay. If the relative clause appears right at the end, you DON’T NEED a comma. Martin could not speak Malay when he first moved to Chucking. Activity 2: Practice Write the appropriate relative pronoun in each blank below. Also, add the commas where necessary. Whom whose who that which 1 . Apple is releasing I-Phone Xi this week. Apple is a multinational company. 2. The CEO is a Malaysian. The CEO founded Giant supermarket. 3. The Malaysia Prime Minister speaks English fluently. Many people love him. . Steve Jobs died a year ago. Steve Jobs was the CEO of Apple. 5. This is the house. Jack had built this house. 6. I don’t understand people. These people eat popcorn during the movie. 7. The professor recently received a promotion. I respect him highly. 8. Susan is my cousin. Her car was stolen last week. 9. This is John. I wanted to speak to him. Activity 3: Is stealing always a bad thing? [Group Discussion Blob] [10 minutes] whether the singers of the twenty songs using the same four cords in the Youth lip and Apple’s use of Microsoft’s live wallpaper technology are ethically acceptable or not.

You also need to support your claim with evidence. Everyone must share your thoughts at least twice during the discussion. Remember to be polite and support your group members. Activity 4: Elaborate Argument [Discussion Board] [1 5 minutes] In the Discussion Board, write your response to the following question: When is stealing an acceptable act? You need to make reference to ‘Four Cords Songs’ and ‘5 Ideas Apple Gleefully Stole from Google’. Your paragraph should have at least six sentences. Make sure that the iris sentence clearly shows your position on this issue.

Check for ‘Subject – Verb agreement’ and ‘correct verb tense’. Activity 5: Relative Clause I [lecturer will give you feedback at the end of the activity] Combine the two sentences using an appropriate relative clause. Use commas where necessary. 1. The expiration date is clearly posted on the package. Many consumers do not read the expiration date. 2. The blender is on sale today. The blender has many features. (Blenders usually come with multiple functions. ) 3. The client came from Europe. The client is satisfied with our new product. (We get linens from all over the world. 4. The client came from Europe. The client is asking for a speedy delivery. (All our clients are from Europe. ) 5. The missing meeting minutes has important details for our Director. I have been looking for the meeting minutes. (If it is missing, people should look for it! ) Activity 6: Relative Clause II [lecturer will give you feedback at the end of the activity] Rewrite combining the pair of sentences with a relative clause. Also, decide whether or not to use the commas. 1. Do you know the girl? The girl is talking to John. 2. An airline pilot is a trained pilot.

He/ She works for a commercial airline. 4. My sister lives in KILL. She came to see me last week. (I have only one sister. ) 5. My sister lives in KILL. She came to see me last week. (I have more than one sister. ) 6. Pewter’s mother has lost her car key. Pewter’s mother is a musician. 7. Tony Fernando came to Sinecure yesterday. He is the owner of Air Asia. Activity 7: Revision [lecturer will give you feedback at the end of the activity] Choose the most appropriate ‘linking word’ from the list for each blank. Then, write one sentence summary for the paragraph. As we can see, Secondly, Finally, although

Firstly, I believe that 1 behaving ethically is very important, it is difficult to define what ethical behavior is. 2 although there is some common understanding about the concept ‘ethics’, not everyone understands it in exactly the same way. 3. According to the experts, there are numerous approaches to make an ethical decision. 4. A variety of ethical decisions can be made for one same situation. 5. Since it is difficult to agree on what constitute ethical behavior, there are many instances of unethical behaviors among the government and non- government bodies all over the world. One Sentence Summary:

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Charter

More tab of the library website, locate the following five database articles that deal with the dangers of global warming and climate change. If you have difficulty finding these resources through the library databases, contact the Embedded Librarian, Jodi Loomed, by posting a question to the Library Questions & Tips discussion forum. “Study on Energy Use in China,” by X. Yang and R. J. Crooked, in the Journal of the Energy Institute. “Lawsuit Aims to Alter Climate Report,” in the

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. “Balancing Carbon Management and Renewable Fuels Production,” by Mark Fuchs and Cheery Sullivan, in Bicycle. “Global Warming, Dangerous Storms and Biomass Losses in the Oceans,” by Ben Kroger, in Sea Technology. “Climate of Change,” by Broodier Raman, in the Canadian Medical Association Journal. In a Word document (name the document “01 _Yearned_Billion”), arrange your complete citations in alphabetical order, by author if available; If no author is listed, arrange by title of the article.

Compile entries in complete PAPA American Psychological Association) format and Include the following citation elements needed to cite an online Journal article: Author(s) Name(s) Year Title of the Article Title of Journal Volume Number Issue Number Page Number(s) DOI (Digital Object Identifier) OR URL of the article If no DOI Is present The alphabetized arrangement, use of capitalization, and formatting (using a hanging Indent of one-half Inch) should all conform to PAPA requirements. You can refer to the listed on the Write & Cite tab of the library website.

Once your bibliography Is omelet, submit It to your Instructor Charter By matter 23 Association Journal. In a Word document (name the document “01 _Yearned_Bible’), arrange your complete citations in alphabetical order, by author if available; if no (American Psychological Association) format and include the following citation DOI (Digital Object Identifier) OR URL of the article if no DOI is present The indent of one-half inch) should all conform to PAPA requirements. You can refer to the listed on the Write & Cite tab of the library website. Once your bibliography is complete, submit it to your instructor

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Apple Case Study

Please divide Apple’s history into periods and trace the changes in business models that took place over these periods. Apple history is explained in the case history from 1972 – 2006. Apples history is described below, reflecting on the changes In Business Model (how the company generated revenue). The Beginning years, 1976 – 1 985: Apple was founded In 1976 and they built a computer circuit board named the Apple l. Within p of 4 years they went to PIP with the help of Venture capitalist Markup, Jar. Its original business model was based on selling a computer that could e used straight out of the box with a closed platform.

In 1981 IBM introduced a Microsoft’s DOS operating system and it’s an open system and easily cloned, whilst a lack of compatible software on Macintosh (Mac) made net income fall 17%. Steve Jobs was removed from his operational role by the board. Jobs left Apple to find a new company NeXT. The sculls years, 1985-1993: In 1985 John Sculls was appointed as CEO. Sculls was an operations and marketing expert from Pepsi. Scull’s strategy was focused on taking Apple into the corporate world, which he did successfully, making Apple a well-known brand name.

During the Sculls years Apple was able to monopolize on the “love affair” for Macs by selling at a premium. In 1990 Sculls changed the business model to sell their computers at lower prices to get more market share, while also delivering new ‘hit products’ every 6-12 months. Apple embarked on a Joint venture with MOM to create a new operating model, multimedia applications, etc. Sculls also reduced headcount by 10% and moved much of the manufacturing to contractors. Sculls also made himself Technology officer despite having no skills In this area.

He was then relinquished of his duties In 1993. The spindled years, 1993 – 1995: Spindled was an engineer and had successfully headed Apple Europe and changed the business model once more to focus on education and publishing. He killed the plan to put the SO on Intel and instead he would license other companies to produce MAC clones. He focused on international growth I. E china. Spindlier business model also focused on the fact that the new operating model would save the company. Like Sculls, Spindled had to slash costs but Apple still had problems.

In first quarter of 1996, apple reported $69 million in losses and more layoffs and Spindled was replaced. Amelia years, 1996 – 19971 ND a high pricing / differentiation strategy and slash payroll. Amelia wanted to turn apple back to its premium price differentiation strategy. He cancelled the next generation Mac SO, which had already cost $mom in R&D. Instead apple would acquire Next along with Steve Jobs. Amelia brought NeXT and brought Jobs as an advisor. Apple still suffered financially and Amelia was forced out. Steve Jobs became the temporary CEO. 997- Steve Jobs era: Steve Jobs re-joined the company in 1996 after Apple acquired NeXT. He made several drastic changes; investment into Apple, a commitment to develop core reduces, ended the Mac licensing program while buying the assets of the leading clone maker, consolidated the product ranges, and launched the Apple website to sell products directly. Jobs’ business model turned the company around. He agreed that Microsoft would invest in core products for MAC ii office. Also he rationalized product range from 15 to 3, research projects by 70% and reduced staffing and outsourcing.

Comment on what you learn about business model and business model change from this case. When evaluating Apple’s business model, it’s useful to think in terms of the pre-1996 era and the post-1996 era. Apple has always been and continues to be a manufacturer of computers and electronics with a focus on complete hardware and software integration. Prior to 1996, the company focused almost exclusively on personal computers in the Macintosh line, with the occasional foray into innovative products like the Newton.

When Steve Jobs re-joined the company in 1996, that mission evolved beyond personal computing into products like the pod, phone, and pad. Apple is positioned well for the future, and it’s not a company that’s willing to settle for current success. Unafraid of centralization, the company continues to churn out Phones that make the pod look like a hobby, as well as the pad Mini that unashamedly steals market share from its big brother. Notoriously secret, the company reveals little about the product pipeline, but it’s believed that Steve Jobs has left a product roadman for more than a decade.

How do other theories of strategy such as capability theory fit with this story? Apple was unable to maintain any strategy over this period since every CEO inconsistently changed the business model and strategy of Apple. Apple’s most important resources and capabilities are Steve Jobs, and the integrated system of hardware and software hat the firm has developed and successfully marketed to derive value. Steve brought Apple back to tremendous success following a decline in relevance and heads the continued creation of billions of dollars of value.

While Apple’s designers, programmers, and engineers each represent key resources, the ability of the firm to exploit their abilities to create their entire software/hardware ecosystem is the firm’s Apple Stores – Retail Locations The introduction of Apple stores has provided the company with an important physical presence to act as both a sales location and an advertisement. Apple tops any retailers in in-store sales, generating $4,032 per retail square foot per year, beating other retailers like Tiffany & Co. At $2,666 and Best Buy at only $930.

Relationship with Moms Apple has outsourced all of its manufacturing processes to MEMO partners in China, like Foxing and Hon.. Ha Precision Industry while focusing on design internally. The relationships between Apple and their MEMO partners are very close to provide Apple with excellent service and high quality products. Industrial Design Capability Apple’s incredible industrial design capability is a function of their innovative design names, led by Jonathan Eve, senior vice president of industrial design, and the firm’s parameterization of design and outsourced production.

Talented Software Development Teams Apple’s software developers are carefully selected and talented programmers. They’ve produced industry award winning software and the highly regarded iterations of Macintosh SOX operating system. Tailored Hardware/Software Systems One of Apple’s most important capabilities is their ability to develop and build highly integrative systems with software designed specifically for the hardware it runs on.

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Apple Inc, Strategic Management Case Analysis

Strategic management is the application of the basic planning process at the highest levels of the company. Top management sets goals for the performance of the company carefully formulating, implementing and evaluating plans and strategies. It involves specifying the organization’s mission, vision and objectives, developing policies and plans, often in terms of projects and programs, which are designed to achieve these objectives, and then allocating resources to implement them (Birnbaum,2000).

Strategic management is an ongoing process that evaluates and controls the business and the industries in which the company is involved; assesses its competitors and sets goals and strategies to meet all existing and potential competitors; and then reassesses each strategy regularly to determine how it has been implemented and whether it has succeeded or needs replacement by a new strategy to meet changed circumstances, new technology, new competitors, a new economic environment, or a new social, financial, or political environment (Lamb, 1984:ix).

Strategic Management Case Analysis: Apple Inc. Introduction: Apple Computers was founded by, Steve Wozniak, Steve Jobs on April 1, 1976. Wozniak was the computer nerd and Jobs was the visionary who sought “to change the world through technology”(Yoffie & Slind, 2008). The two created one of the most successful companies in the world that would in future years be known for their computers, music devices, cell phones and software worldwide. Apple took off after launching Apple II which helped the PC business to generate $1 billion dollars in sales within three years.

Apple was the leader, selling more than 100,000 by the end of 1980 (Yoffie & Slind, 2008). It has added numerous versions of the Apple and Macintosh line, in addition to the IPod, IPhone, and ITunes products and numerous other computer/software products to the Apple Computer, Inc. family. Apple has made its mark on the technology industry by continuing to be successful innovators that lead to their numerous product markets. Strategies and Tactics: Apple focused on two major long-term strategies and tactics under several CEOs.

Initially under Steve Jobs Apple’s long-term strategy was “to bring an easy to use computer to the market” (Yoffie & Slind, 2008). Afterwards several strategic alliances were formed: * The first strategic alliances that they formed were with IBM, Microsoft, and AT&T. The alliance with IBM cost $500 million to create a new OS. They also formed a joint venture with them to create multimedia applications (Yoffie & Slind, 2008). Microsoft agreed to invest $150 million in Apple and made a commitment to develop core products such as Microsoft Office for the MAC platform.

Both alliances enabled Apple to further their computer growth and guarantee software that is available and familiar to consumers all over the world. The alliance with AT&T was a recent alliance that was formed when Apple came out with their iPhone. AT&T became Apple’s distribution partner for the iPhone. They also made concessions to Apple that no handset maker had previously received in a carrier distribution agreement, in exchange for a five-year exclusivity period in the U. S. arket, AT&T gave Apple almost complete control over the development and branding of the iPhone (Yoffie & Slind, 2008).

The second strategy was to concentrate on internal growth which they implemented by developing new products for the markets they had already established and by finding new markets for their current products. For example Apple created a new market for their Macintosh computers by pushing them into the education market and creating their mark among students and teachers. The sale of Macintosh computers remained a pivotal business for Apple.

In 2008 Mac sales accounted for 43% of Apple’s revenue (Yoffie & Slind, 2008). Strengths and Weaknesses Apple underwent extreme changes during the first decade of the 21st century from its migration to new microchip architecture to its expansion to a whole new business line (Yoffie & Slind, 2008). Apple’s current strategies as defined by Steve Jobs are product differentiation with a focus on a broad market. This can be seen by Apple’s many products including the iPod, the iPhone, iPad and all their Mac books that are priced and designed to fit every person’s needs and wants.

Apple created new products and services, such as their iTunes when legally downloading music was needed, to changing market conditions. They also respond rapidly to changing market conditions and strive to be the leading force. By doing this they set a benchmark for their competitors and place their products in consumer’s mindset first. Apple’s greatest strength is that is managed to create legions of fiercely brand loyal customers. These consumers who subscribe to the “Apple” culture stand by their purchases with pride and commitment.

These Apple enthusiasts also present the company with a unique competitive advantage. Apple has several weaknesses which they need to address in order to remain a top player in the industry. Rivalry among competitors is number one which includes some heavy-hitters like Dell, HP, Amazon and Google. Social responsibility is a recent one. It is something that is very important to today’s consumers. Apple currently does not highlight their efforts towards social responsibility.

Also, the fact that they are not very compatible with Microsoft products frightens off many consumers as well. Summary Apple kindled the personal computer revolution in the 1970’s with the Apple I and reinvented the personal computer in the 1980’s with the Macintosh. Today, Apple continues to lead the industry in innovation with its award-winning computers, new products and services. For now Apple has a lot going for it, which includes a fanatically loyal customer base, and a world of opportunity for expansion.

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Famous companies such as Microsoft

I have a dream seems at first second that is difficult to achieve but with the will and hard work could turn the dream into reality, I want to become the Executive Director of one of the famous companies such as Microsoft. For this job it will be a long and difficult journey.

Education:

I must be studying in one of the best universities, so I intend to study IT at Bahrain Training Institute. First I will get the Diploma I well study for 2 years then I will get the Higher National Diploma also I will study for 2 years. When I graduate from BTI I will try to get a job to save money to complete my studies. I will study at Al-Ahlia University to get the Bachelor‘s Degree just in one year and Master’s Degree to pass it I have to take a 11 modules (42 credits). There a lot of modules I will take during my studies such as:

1. Programming Techniques 2. Computer Systems 3. Internet Applications and Services 4. Visual Programming 5. Models of Computations and Systems 6. Software Engineering Methods 7. Database Systems: Design and Applications 8. Interactive Systems 9. Networking 10. Software Analysis and Verification 11. Mobile Information and Device programming 12. Information Security 13. Software Project Management 14. Operating Systems 15. Mobile Enterprise Systems 16. Logic Programming and Knowledge Representation ,17. Distributed Systems

Experience:

The experience I will get it when I work in a company during my studies. I will be always hardworking in my job and I will build a relationships with the employees and the company’s directors and owners, and this will help me in the future. I will try to work in more than one company to get a senior positions to be able to reach my dream. Money: There is no doubt that I would need a large sum of money to study, in my studies at BTI I need nearly 600 BD my husband will pay it for me. To study the Bachelor and masters I need nearly 8000 BD. If I could not save enough money to study, I will apply for an educational loan to pay it for my studies and I will repay it from what I get it in my work.

Attitude:

I don’t have a good communication skills and dealing with others, and I was very shy and not confident in myself a lot, but in my work I improve my communication skills and l learned how to deal with others and my confidence has increased a lot. After this long and difficult journey in realizing my dream, I hope to see myself as the Executive Director of one of the famous company in the world.

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