Motion

Research in Motion

Business Level Strategy

The core strategy of the company was to develop products that would continue to grow the company as a whole as well introduce innovative products. However, the only route they chose for creating and developing innovative products was through their specialized research and department skills.

The company decided to fall into the mobile and wireless communication industry where it would concentrate on providing the customers with a mode of communication that would be available at all times of the day and could be accessed from anywhere. The need for a particular stand alone terminal was now removed from the network concept.

At first, the concept of mainframe networking came up where the major portion of processing was carried out by the mainframe computers. However, with the passage of time, the technologists perceived a new kind of network called the client server network which allowed the computing and the processing of a client to be distributed without having to overburden the server. This is the main concept used by RIM as well, however, instead of using personal computers in their network, they used wireless nodes.

RIM has been dealing in four areas of businesses where it has developed software to providing services as well creating wireless communication modes. “RIM generated revenue through the “complete BlackBerry wireless solution” which included wireless devices, software and services. Revenues, however, were heavily skewed to handheld sales (73 per cent), followed by service (18 per cent), software (6 per cent) and other revenues (3 per cent).” (Mazutis, 2008[1])

The four areas mentioned in the quotation above show that the major portion of revenues for RIM falls into the handheld sales. This means that the majority of revenue is actually dealt with the wireless communication nodes that the company makes. RIM recently faced a success in their BlackBerry innovation. The innovation allowed a customer to access the Internet as well as use all the applications such as email or messaging at any point in time without having to look for a physical terminal that would allow the same.

The introduction of such a business allowed the customers to face convenience and also have the availability of various software applications at any point in time. But one of the businesses of the company is also to produce software applications. This means that they could use up their costs for making unique software solutions for customers, be it business or individual based.

The software applications would have all the features that the research and development department would provide to the designers and this is the concept that the company would bring about. The business of services is also a standing out business for the company because it may provide services such as creating a network for a customer or any other technology based service. Read about network level strategy

Since the awareness of using technology has increased for all kinds of businesses, the customers would look for consulting companies that could assist them in planning their infrastructure and this is what RIM has also considered as a business. The consulting services has become a major source of revenue for the company and has also allowed the company to raise its competition as it continues to use the basis of its research as the strength and the quality embedded in its products and services.

References

Mazutis, D. (2008). Research in Motion: Managing Explosive Growth. Richard Ivey School of Business. The University of Western Ontario, London.

[1] Mazutis, D. (2008). Research in Motion: Managing Explosive Growth. Richard Ivey School of Business. The University of Western Ontario, London.

In this assignment, I will larn about the result two that is Newton ‘s jurisprudence and harmonic oscillation. Newton ‘s jurisprudence can be divide by three types that is 1st jurisprudence, 2nd jurisprudence and 3rd jurisprudence. It is teach about the gesture in our existent life. Thus, harmonic oscillation can be divided by three types that are pendulum oscillation, damped oscillation and mechanic oscillation. All of these oscillation are utile in our life especial is use in different type of mechanics.

Question One

Research on the Newton ‘s Laws of gesture, and do a study that provide item account and illustrations on Newton ‘s 3 Torahs of gesture. You report should include relevant and utile expression.

Answer

Newton ‘s jurisprudence of gesture can be divided by three types that is 1st jurisprudence, 2nd jurisprudence and 3rd jurisprudence and it is jurisprudence of gravitation. The three Torahs are simple and reasonable.

The first jurisprudence provinces that a force must be applied to an object in order to alter its speed. When the object ‘s speed is altering that average it is speed uping, which implies a relationship between force and acceleration.

The 2nd jurisprudence, the acceration of an object is straight relative to the net force moving on it and is reciprocally relative to its mass. The way of the acceleration is in the way of the acceleration is in the way of the net force moving on the object.

Finally, the 3rd Torahs, whenever we push on something, it pushes back with equal force in the opposite way.

Forces

A force is normally imagined as a push or a pull on some object, possibly quickly, as when we hit a tennis ball with a racket. ( see figure 1.0 ) . We can hit the ball at different velocities and direct it ionto different parts of the oppositions ; s tribunal. This mean that we can command the magnitude of the applied force and alos its way, so force is a vector measure, merely like speed and acceleration.

Figure 1.0: Tennis title-holder Rafael Nadal strikes the ball with his racket, using a force and directing the ball into the unfastened portion of the tribunal.

Figure 1.1: Examples of forces applied to assorted objects. In each instance, a force acts on the object surrounded by the dotted lines. Something in the environment external to the boxed country exerts the force.

Newton ‘s 1st jurisprudence

Newton ‘s 1st jurisprudence of gesture provinces that if a organic structure is at remainder it will stay at the remainder and if a organic structure is traveling in a consecutive line with unvarying speed will maintain traveling unless an external force is acted upon.

For illustration, see a book lying on a tabular array. Obviously, the book remains at remainder if left entirely. Now imagine forcing the book with a horizontal force great plenty to get the better of the force of clash between the book and the tabular array, puting the book in gesture. Because the magnitude of the applied force exceeds the magnitude of the clash force, the book to a halt.

Now imagine the book across a smooth floor. The book once more comes to rest one time the force is no longer applied, but non every bit rapidly as earlier. Finally, if the book is traveling on a horizontal frictionless surface, it continues to travel in a consecutive line with changeless speed until it hits a wall or some other obstructor.

However, an object moving on a frictionless surface, it ‘s non the nature of an object to halt, one time set in gesture, but instead to continues in its original province of gesture. This attack was subsequently formalized as Newton ‘s first jurisprudence of gesture:

An object moves with a speed that is changeless in magnitude and way, unless acted on by a nonzero net force.

For illustration:

In the figure 1.2, the twine is supplying centripetal force to travel the ball in a circle around 3600. If sudden the twine was break, the ball will travel off in a consecutive line and the gesture in the absence of the restraining force. This illustration is non hold other net forces are moving, such as horizontal gesture on a frictionless surface.

Figure 1.2

Inactiveness

Inertia is the reluctance of an object to alter its province of gesture. This means if an object is at remainder it will stay at remainder or if it ‘s traveling it will maintain traveling in a consecutive line with unvarying speed. Force is needed to get the better of inactiveness.

For illustration

In figure 1.3, it is an experiment to turn out the construct of inactiveness. In experiments utilizing a brace of inclined planes confronting each other, Galileo observed that a ball would up the opposite plane to the same tallness and turn over down one plane. If smooth surface are used, the ball is roll up to the opposite plane and return to the original tallness.

When it is get downing to turn over down the ball on the degree topographic point, it is will return the ball at the same tallness from original point.

Figure 1.3

If the opposite slope were elevated at about a 0 grade angle, so the ball will be roll in an attempt to make the original tallness that is show in the figure 1.4.

Figure 1.4: If a ball stops when it attains its original tallness, so this ball would ne’er halt. It would turn over everlastingly if clash were absent.

Other illustration

Figure 1.5: Harmonizing to Newton ‘s 1st jurisprudence, a bikes gesture was n’t alteration until same force, such as braking makes it alteration.

Newton 2nd jurisprudence

Newton ‘s first jurisprudence explains what happens to an object that has no net force moving on it. The object either remains at remainder or continues traveling in a consecutive line with changeless velocity. Newton ‘s 2nd jurisprudence is the acceleration of an object is straight relative to the net force moving on it and is reciprocally relative to its mass. The way of the acceleration is in the way of the acceleration is in the way of the acceleration is in the way of the net force moving on the object.

Imagine forcing a block of ice across a frictionless horizontal surface. When you exert some horizontal force on the block, it moves with an acceleration of the 2m/s2. If you apply a force twice every bit big, the acceleration doubles to 4m/s2. Pushing three times as difficult triples the acceleration, and so on. From such observations, we conclude that the acceleration of an object is straight relative to the net force moving on it.

Mass besides affects acceleration. Suppose you stack indistinguishable block of ice on top of each other while forcing the stack with changeless force. If the force applied to one block produces an acceleration of 2m/s2, so the acceleration drops to half that value, 1 m/s2, When 2 blocks are pushed, to one-third the initial value. When three block is pushed, and so on. We conclude that the acceleration of an object is reciprocally relative to its mass. These observations are summarized in Newton ‘s 2nd jurisprudence:

The acceleration of an object is straight relative to the net force moving on it and reciprocally relative to its mass.

Unit of measurements of Force and Mass

The SI unit of force is the Newton. When 1 Newton of force Acts of the Apostless on an object that has a mass of 1 kilograms, it produces an acceleration of 1 m/s2 in the object. From this definition and Newton ‘s 2nd jurisprudence, we can see that the Newton can be expressed in footings of the cardinal units of mass, length and clip.

1 N = 1 kg.m/s2

A force is a push or a pull. Hence a force can alter the size, form, and province of remainder or gesture, way of gesture and velocity / speed. The symbol for force is F and the S.I. unit is Newton ( N ) . An object of mass m is subjected to a force F, its speed alterations from U to V in clip t. The above status can be stated as:

F =

Where a = is acceleration, therefore F = mom.

For illustration

Figure 1.6: An airboat.

An airboat with mass 3.50x102Kg, including riders, has an engine that produces a net horizontal force of 7.70x102N, after accounting for forces of opposition ( see figure 1.6 ) .

( a ) Find the acceleration of the airboat.

( B ) Get downing from remainder, how long does it take the airboat to make a velocity of 12.0m/s2?

( degree Celsius ) After making this velocity, the pilot turns off the engine and impetuss to a Michigan over distance of 50.0m. Find the opposition force, presuming it ‘s changeless.

Solution

( a ) Find the acceleration of the airboat.

Apply Newton ‘s 2nd jurisprudence and work out for the acceleration:

Fnet = mom

a = =

= 2.20m/s2

( B ) Find the clip necessary to make a velocity of 12.0m/s.

Use the kinematics velocity equation:

If t = 5.45s

V = at + V0 = ( 2.20m/s2 ) ( 5.45 ) = 12.0m/s

( degree Celsius ) Find the opposition force after the engine is turned off.

Using kinematics, find the net acceleration due to resistance forces

V2 – = 2a I”x

0 – ( 12.0m/s ) 2 = 2a ( 50.0m )

= -12 / 100

= -0.12m/s2

Substitute the acceleration into Newton ‘s 2nd jurisprudence, happening the opposition force:

Fresistance= mom

= ( 3.50 X 102kg ) ( -144m/s2 )

= -504N

Impulse and Impulsive Force

The force, which acts during a short minute during a hit, is called Impulsive Force. Impulse is defined as the alteration of impulse, so Impulse = MV – Mu, since F = , therefore impulse can be written as:

Impulsive force is Force = Impulse/Time. Unit is Newton ( N ) .

The applications of unprompted force

In existent life we tend to diminish the consequence of the unprompted force by cut downing the clip taken during hit.

Gravitational force or gravitation

Gravity exists due to the Earth ‘s mass and it is Acts of the Apostless towards the centre of Earth. Object falling under the influence of gravitation will see free autumn. Assuming no other force acts upon it.

Object sing free autumn will fall with acceleration ; gravitation has an approximative value of 10m/s2. The gravitative force moving on any object on Earth can be expressed as F=mg. This is besides every bit weight.

For illustration

Find the gravitative force exerted by the Sun on a 79.0kg adult male located on Earth. The distance from the Sun to the Earth is about 1.50 Ten 1011 m, and the Sun ‘s mass is

1.99 Ten 1030kg.

Solution

Fsun = G

= ( 6.67 X 10-11 Kg-1m3s2 )

= 0.413N

Newton ‘s 3rd jurisprudence

The action of one organic structure moving upon another organic structure tends to alter the gesture of the organic structure acted upon. This action is called a force. Because a force has both magnitude and way, it is a vector measure, and the old treatment on vector notation applies.

Newton ‘s 3rd jurisprudence is the sum of force which you inflict upon on others will hold the same repelling force that act on you every bit good. Force is exerted on an object when it comes into contact with some other object. See the undertaking of driving a nail into a block of wood, for illustration, as illustrated in the figure 1.7 ( a ) . To speed up the nail and drive it into the block, the cock must exercise a net force on the nail. Newton is a individual stray force ( such as the force exerted by the cock on the nail ) could n’t be. Alternatively, forces in nature ever exist in braces. Harmonizing to Newton, as the nail is driven into the block by the force exerted by the cock, the cock is slowed down and stopped by the force exerted by the nail.

Newton described such mated forces with his 3rd jurisprudence: Whenever one object exerts a force on a 2nd object, the 2nd exerts an equal and opposite force on the first.

This jurisprudence, which is illustrated in figure 1.7 ( B ) , province that a individual stray force ca n’t be. The force F12 exerted by object 1 on object 2 is sometimes called the action force, and the force F12 exerted by object 2 on object 1 is called the reaction force. In world, either, either force can be labeled the action or reaction force. The action force is equal in magnitude to the reaction force and antonym in way. In all instances, the action and reaction forces act on different objects.

For illustration, the force moving on a freely falling missile is the force exerted by Earth on the missile, Fg, and the magnitude of this force is its weight milligram. The reaction to coerce Fg is the force exerted by the missile on Earth, Fg = -Fg. The reaction force Fg must speed up the Earth towards the missile, merely as the action force Fg accelerates the missile towards the Earth. Because the Earth has such a big mass and its acceleration due to this reaction forces is negligibly little.

Figure 1.7: Newton ‘s 3rd jurisprudence. ( a ) The force exerted by the cock on the nail is equal in magnitude and antonym in way to the force exerted by the nail on the cock. ( B ) The force F12 exerted by object 1 on object 2 is equal in magnitude and antonym in way to the force F21 exerted by object 2 on object 1.

Newton ‘s 3rd jurisprudence invariably affects our activities in mundane life. Without it, no motive power of any sort would be possible, whether on pes, on a bike, or in a motorised vehicle. When walking, we exert a frictional force against the land. The reaction force of the land against our pes propels us frontward. In the same manner, the tired on a bike exert a frictional force against the land, and the reaction of the land pushes the bike frontward. This is called clash plays a big function in such reaction forces.

Figure 1.8:

In the figure 1.8, when a force pushes on an object, the object pushes back in the opposite way. The force of the forcing back is called the reaction force. This jurisprudence explains why we can travel a dinghy in H2O. The H2O pushes back on the oar every bit much as the oar pushes on the H2O, which moves the boat. The jurisprudence besides explains why the pull of gravitation does n’t do a chair clang through the floor ; the floor pushes back plenty to countervail gravitation. When you hit a baseball, the chiropteran pushes on the ball, but the ball besides on the chiropteran.

Figure 1.9

Question Two

Research and exemplify the assorted features of “ Damped Oscillations ” , your reply should besides include graphical show of these characteristic.

Answer

In the existent life, the vibrating gesture can be taken topographic point in ideal systems that are hovering indefinitely under the action of a additive restoring force. In many realistic system, resistive forces, such as clash, are present and retard the gesture of the system. Consequently, the mechanical energy of the system diminishes in clip, and the gesture is described as a damped oscillation.

Therefore, in all existent mechanical systems, forces of clash retard the gesture, so the systems do n’t hover indefinitely. The clash reduces the mechanical energy of the system as clip base on ballss, and the gesture is said to be damped.

In the figure 2.0, daze absorbers in cars are one practical application of damped gesture. A daze absorber consists of a Piston traveling through a liquid such as oil. The upper portion of the daze absorber is steadfastly attached to the organic structure of the auto. When the auto travels over a bump in the route, holes in the Piston let it to travel up and down in the fluid in a damped manner.

( B )

Figure 2.0: ( a ) Angstrom daze absorber consists of a Piston hovering in a chamber filled with oil. As the Piston oscillates, the oil is squeezed through holes between the Piston and the chamber, doing a damping of the Piston ‘s oscillations. ( B ) One type of automotive suspension system, in which a daze absorber is placed inside a spiral spring at each wheel.

Damped gesture varies with the fluid used. For illustration, if the fluid has a comparatively low viscousness, the vibrating gesture is preserved but the amplitude of quiver lessenings in clip and the gesture finally ceases. This procedure is known as under damped oscillation. The place vs. clip curve for an object undergoing such as oscillation appears in active figure 2.1. In the figure 2.2 compares three types of damped gesture, with curve ( a ) stand foring underdamped oscillation. If the fluid viscousness is increased, the object return quickly to equilibrium after it is released and does n’t hover. In this instance the system is said to be critically damped, and is shown as curve ( B ) in the figure 2.2. The Piston return to the equilibrium place in the shortest clip possible without one time overshooting the equilibrium place. If the viscousness is greater still, the system is said to be overdamped. In this instance the Piston returns to equilibrium without of all time go throughing through the equilibrium point, but the clip required to make equilibrium is greater than in critical damping. As illustrated by curve ( degree Celsius ) in figure 2.2.

Active figure 2.1: A graph of displacement versus clip for an under damped oscillator. Note the lessening in amplitude with clip.

Figure 2.2: Plots of displacement versus clip for ( a ) an under damped oscillator, ( B ) a critically damped oscillator, and ( degree Celsius ) an overdamped oscillator.

Damped oscillation is relative to the speed of the object and Acts of the Apostless in the way opposite that of the object ‘s speed relation to the medium. This type of force is frequently observed when an object is hovering easy in air, for case, because the resistive force can be expressed as R = -bv, where B is a changeless related to the strength of the resistive force, and the reconstructing force exerted on the system is -kx, Newton ‘s 2nd jurisprudence gives us

= -kx – bv = soap

-kx – B = m ~ ( I )

The solution of this differential equation requires mathematics that may non yet be familiar to you, so it will merely be started without cogent evidence. When the parametric quantities of the system are such that B & lt ; so that the resistive force is little, the solution to equation is

Ten = ( Ae- ( b/2m ) T ) cos ( wt + ) ~ ( two )

Where the angular frequence of the gesture is

= ~ ( three )

The object suspended from the spring experience both a force from the spring and a resistive force from the environing liquid. Active figure 2.1 shows the place as a map of clip for such a damped oscillator. We see that when the resistive force is comparatively little, the oscillating character of the gesture is preserved but the amplitude of quiver lessenings in clip and the gesture finally creases, this system is known as an underdamped oscillator. The dotted blue lines in active figure 2.1, which form the envelope of the oscillatory curve, represent the exponential factor that appears in equation ( two ) . The exponential factor shows that the amplitude decays exponentially with clip.

It is convenient to show the angular frequence of quiver of a damped system ( three ) in the signifier

=

Where = a?sk/m represents the angular frequence of oscillation in the absence of a resistive force ( the undamped oscillator ) . In other words, when b=o, the resistive force is zero and the system oscillates with angular frequence, called the natural frequence. As the magnitude of the resistive force additions, the oscillations dampen more quickly. When B reaches a critical value bc, so that bc/2m = , the system does non hover and is said to be critically damped. In this instance, it returns to equilibrium in an exponential mode with clip, as in figure 2.2.

Question Three:

Simple Harmonic Motion ( SHM ) is a dynamical system typified by the gesture of a mass on a spring when it is capable to the additive elastic reconstructing force given by Hooke ‘s Law. The gesture is sinusoidal in clip and demonstrates a individual resonant frequence.

What is the relationship between the tenseness and weight in the system?

What is Hooke ‘s jurisprudence when applied to the system?

Answer

Oscillation of gesture is has one set of equations can be used to depict and foretell the motion of any object whose gesture is simple harmonic. The gesture of a vibrating object is simple harmonic if its acceleration is relative to its supplanting and its acceleration and supplanting are in opposite way.

The 2nd slug point mean that are acceleration, and hence the end point force, ever acts towards the equilibrium place, where the supplanting is zero.

Common illustrations of simple harmonic gesture include the oscillations of a simple pendulum and those of a mass suspended vertically on a spring.

The diagram shows the size of the acceleration of a simple pendulum and a mass on a spring when they are given a little supplanting, x, from the equilibrium place.

Figure 3.0

In the figure 3.0, the numerical value of the acceleration is equal to a changeless multiplied by the supplanting, demoing that acceleration is relative to displacement. Then, the negative value of the acceleration shows that it is in the opposite way to the supplanting, since acceleration and supplanting are both vector measures.

Simple harmonic in a spring

If you hang a mass from a spring, the mass will stretch the spring a certain sum and so come to rest. It is established when the pull of the spring upward on the mass is equal to the pull of the force of gravitation downward on the mass. The system, spring and mass, is said to be in equilibrium when that status is met.

If the mass is up or down from the equilibrium place and release it, the spring will undergo simple harmonic gesture caused by a force moving to reconstruct the vibrating mass back to the equilibrium place. That force is called the restoring force and it is straight relative to magnitude of the supplanting and is directed opposite the supplanting. The necessary status for simple harmonic gesture is that a reconstructing force exists that meets the conditions stated symbolically as Fr = -kx, where K is the invariable of proportionality and ten is the supplanting from the equilibrium place. The subtraction mark, as usual, indicates that Fr has a way opposite that of ten.

For illustration

Figure 3.1

The grouch rotates with angular speed w. Then, the slide will skid between P1 and P.

V2 = W2 ( P2-X2 )

P = Amplitude or maximal point.

V= Velocity of the skidder.

Ten = Distance from centre point due to speed, V.

W = Angular speed of grouch.

= 2Iˆf

degree Fahrenheit =

= 1/T

a = -w2x

Simple pendulum

A simple pendulum is merely a heavy atom suspended from one terminal of an nonextensile, weightless twine whose other terminal in fixed in a stiff support, this point being referred to as the point of suspension of the pendulum.

Obviously, it is merely impossible to obtain such an idealised simple pendulum. In existent pattern, we take a little and heavy spherical British shilling tied to a long and all right silk yarn, the other terminal of which passes through a split cork firmly clamped in a suited base, the length ( a„“ ) of the pendulum being measured from the point of suspension to the Centre of mass of the British shilling.

In the figure 3.2, allow S be the point of suspension of the pendulum and 0, the mean or equilibrium place of the British shilling. On taking the British shilling a small to one side and so gently let go ofing it, the pendulum starts hovering about its average place, as indicated by the flecked lines.

At any given blink of an eye, allow the supplanting of the pendulum from its average place SO into the place SA is I? . Then, the weight milligram of the British shilling, moving vertically downwards, exerts a torsion or minute – mg/sin I? about the point of suspension, be givening to convey it back to its average place, the negative mark of the torsion bespeaking that it is oppositely straight to the supplanting ( I? ) .

Figure 3.2

If d2I?/dt2 be the acceleration of the British shilling, towards 0, and I its M.I about the point of suspension ( S ) , the minute of the force or the torsion moving on the bobn is besides equal to I.d2I?/dt2.

I = -mga„“sinI?

If I? is little, the amplitude of oscillation be little, we may pretermit all other footings except the first and take wickedness I? = I? .

I = -mga„“I? ,

Whence, =

Since M.I of the British shilling about the point of suspension ( S ) is ma„“2. We have

= = = AµI? ,

Where = Aµ

The acceleration of the British shilling is therefore relative to its angular supplanting I? and is directed towards its average place 0. The pendulum therefore executes a simple harmonic gesture and its clip period is given by

T = 2Iˆ = 2Iˆ = 2Iˆ

It being clearly understood that the amplitude of the pendulum is little. The supplanting here being angular, alternatively of additive, it is evidently an illustration of an angular simple harmonic gesture.

Hooke ‘s jurisprudence

Vibration gesture is an object attached to a spring. We assume the object moves on a frictionless horizontal surface. If the spring is stretched or compressed a little distance ten from its equilibrium place and so released, it exerts a force on the object as shown in figure 3.3. From experiment the spring force is found to obey the equation

F = -kx ~ ( four )

Where ten is the supplanting of the object from its equilibrium place ( x=0 ) and K is a positive invariable called the spring invariable. This force jurisprudence for springs is known as Hooke ‘s jurisprudence. The value of K is a step of the stiffness of the spring. Stiff springs have big K value, and soft springs have little K value.

In the equation ( four ) , the negative mark mean that the force exerted by the spring is ever directed opposite the supplanting of the object. When the object is to the right of the equilibrium place, as in figure 3.3 ( a ) , x is positive and F is negative. This means that force is the negative way, to the left. When the object is to the left of equilibrium place, as in figure 3.3 ( degree Celsius ) , x is negative and F is positive, bespeaking that the way the force is to the right. Of class, when ten = 0, as in figure 3.3 ( B ) , the spring is unstretched and F =0. Because the spring force ever acts toward the equilibrium place, it is some clip called a restoring force. A reconstructing force ever pushes or pulls the object toward the equilibrium place.

The procedure is so repeated, and the object continues to hover back and Forth over the same way. This type of gesture is called simple harmonic gesture. Simple harmonic gesture occurs when the net force along the way of gesture obeys Hooke ‘s jurisprudence – When the net force is relative to the supplanting from the equilibrium point and is ever directed toward the equilibrium point.

Figure 3.3: The force exerted by a spring on an object varies with the supplanting of the object from the equilibrium place, x=0. ( a ) When ten is positive ( the spring is stretched ) . ( B ) When ten is zero ( the spring is unstretched ) , the spring force is zero, ( degree Celsius ) When ten is negative ( the spring is compressed ) , the spring force is to the right.

Decision

As my decision, Newton ‘s jurisprudence was a really utile in presents because it is can utilize the 3 type of jurisprudence to forestall any accidents in now coevals.

First ‘s jurisprudence is provinces that a force must be applied to an object in order to alter its speed. Second ‘s jurisprudence is acceration of an object is straight relative to the net force moving on it and is reciprocally relative to its mass. Third ‘s jurisprudence is whenever we push on something, it pushes back with equal force in the opposite way.

Second, harmonic oscillation is a type of forced and damped oscillation that is amplitude of a existent vacillation pendulum or hovering spring lessening easy with clip until the oscillation stop wholly. This decay of amplitude as a map of clip is called damping.

The objective of this lab was to understand how to use the Working Model 2D software and to apply this knowledge to create a vibration absorber. Part 1 was to open up a demo file and analyze the force vs. time of the piston. Part 2 was to create a vibration absorber.

The reason for creating the vibration absorber was to limit the motion of a punch press. This press causes unwanted vibrations that affect nearby equipment during operation. The vibration of this press was to be dissipated using a mass and spring sized appropriately for the size of the press and its motion. Calculations The reciprocal motion of the press was given by Equation 1: RPM=440+5*group number? (1) where group number was 5 and RPM is the reciprocal motion of the press in revolutions per minute. This motion was converted to radians per second by using Equation 2: ? RPM*2? 60 (2) where (2? )/(60) was used to convert the revolutions per minute to radians per second. The mass of the press and table top was given as 320kg. The mass for the vibration absorber, ma, was calculated using Equation 3: kama=? 2 (3) where ? was found based on Equation 2 and ka was found using Equation 4: ka=(4450+50*group number) where group number was 5 and ka was found in units of Newtons per meter.

These values were used to construct a mass spring system suspended from the table top with mass ma and spring ka. Another mass spring system was created with a mass five times larger than the previous mass and an equivalent spring necessary to satisfy Equation 3. The values found from the calculations are summarized below in Table 1 and the calculations are attached in

Experimentation For Part 1 the demo file Piston2. m2d was used to analyze the forces on a piston on a crank moving at 500 and 6500 RPM. The animation step was changed from the default value to 0. 001 seconds to allow more data points to be plotted. The plot displayed force in X-direction vs. time that was provided by the Working Model simulation and also a second set of data points for the theoretical force that was calculated using the mass of the piston and its X-acceleration. The objective of Part 2 of this lab was to create a mass spring element to dampen the vibrations of a punch press.

For this part the gravity was turned off so that the displacement of the press table caused by the forcing function could be analyzed without the effect of gravity. The punch press table was modeled in Working Model as a rectangle with a mass of 320kg which was given. The two legs were each modeled as a spring damper system with stiffness and damping given as 15N/mm and 500kg/s respectively. The sinusoidal motion of the press was modeled as a force in the Y-direction with the value given by Equation 5: F=-150sin(? t) (5) where F was the force in Newtons and ? was the value found using Equation 2. The force was applied to the center of the press table. The simulation was run on the system and a plot of the displacement of the table vs. time was created. A spring with stiffness ka found using Equation 4 was attached to the bottom of the center of the table and mass ma found using Equation 3 was attached to the other end of the spring to act as a vibration damper. The displacement of the table top vs. ime was again plotted as well as the displacement of ma vs. time. The test procedure was repeated using a ma value 5 times larger than the previous ma value and a different ka value sized accordingly. The values for displacement for this setup were also plotted. All data series for the displacement of ma were imposed on the same chart to allow comparison between the three tests. The model used for this simulation can be seen below in Figure 1: Figure 1, Results Using demo file Piston2. wm2d a crank with a running speed of 500 RPM, was analyzed in the program for three seconds.

After looking at the calculations, calculate the theoretical force by taking the mass multiplied by the acceleration. Figure 2 below shows the theoretical force compared to the actual force. Figure 1 The calculated theoretical force is similar to the actual force relative to time but differs in the directional force by being less than what the actual value really is. Changing the engine speed to 6500 RPM and repeating the process as mentioned above is the next part. Figure 3 shows the theoretical force compared to the actual force with an engine speed of 6500 RPM.

The difference between the theoretical and actual force for 6500 RPM is the same as for the speed of 500 RPM. The theoretical force doesn’t have as much directional force as the actual. As predicted, the 6500 RPM engine moved at a much faster rate than the 500 RPM for the three seconds tested. It created many more data points and more values to compare. For part two of the experiment, a mass spring element to dampen the vibrations of a punch press was created. After calculating the ka and ma values as shown in Table 1,the mass was to be multiplied by five and the spring constant must represent the ass calculated which is also shown in Table 1. A plot was created to show the displacement of the table and displacement of ma after the addition of the absorber for both sets of masses.. Figure 4 below shows the top without dampering, the top with a damper of 19. 6 kg , and a top with a damper of 98 kg. Figure 4 Comparing the three different table top displacements, the second absorber clearly works the best. Based on figure 4, it shows to be more constant and steadily goes towards zero at a faster rate than the top without dampering and the top with a damper of 19. 6 kg.

The displacement of the top with the damper of 19. 6 kg and the top with the damper of 98 kg was plotted based on its displacement of ma. Figure 5 below shows the comparison between the two table tops with different dampering. Figure 5 Based on the given information from the graph, the second absorber works better yet again. The ma of the 19. 6 absorber isn’t as constant and dispersed everywhere while the ma of the 98 absorber is more constant and has a steady range for the seconds that it was tested. References 1 Design Simulation Technologies. (2007).

Objective

The objective of this experiment is to examine the simple harmonic motion and to determine the value of the acceleration due to gravity from the analysis of the period of the simple pendulum. [1]

Background

There are three equations that will be used to calculate the period of motion of the simple pendulum. They are the slope of the line of the graph of Tπ against L, and the gravity of the pendulum motion.

The period of the motion is the time needed for one complete cycle that a pendulum bob swings from the initial position to the other end, and then back to the initial position.

[1] The equation to calculate the period is, T = 2² Lg

Where,  T = Period of the motion, measured in s.

L = Length of the pendulum, measured in cm.

g = Acceleration due to gravity, measured in m/s2. The slope of the line in the graph of T² against L can be used to determine the gravity of the pendulum motion. It is because,

y = mx

m = T² L= 4π² g = Slope of the line in the graph T² /L.

Therefore, to find the gravity of the pendulum motion, we can use the slope of the graph.

The slope of the graph is given by the formula, g = 4π² m g = Acceleration due to gravity, measured in m/s².

Procedure and Observations

Materials:

• String
• Metre Stick
• Stopwatch
• Stand
• Pendulum bob

Procedure:

1.  The materials listed above were taken for the experiment.
2. The pendulum bob was tied tightly with the string.
3. The string with the pendulum bob was hung on the stand.
4. A meter stick was used to measure the distance between the center of mass of the bob and the top of the string.
5. The distance was recorded in the observation table.
6. The pendulum ball was held at a distance from the center and it was released.
7. A stopwatch was used to time the time needed to complete ten cycles.
8. The time was recorded in the observation table.
9. Steps 4-7 were repeated four more times with different lengths.

Observations:

Diagram of the Pendulum

Figure [ 1 ] Calculations and Results Method 1 – Graph of T2 vs. L Data collected

Hand drawn graph

∆x

∆y

Figure [ 2 ]

The slope can be determined by m=∆x∆y.

So, by taking a value for x

x = 0.4 cm

y must then be

y = 1.4 cm

m= 1.4 cm0.4 cm

m=3.5

The error would be given by

∆mm= ∆x1x12+ ∆x2x22

∆m= m 0.051.42+ 0.050.42

∆m= 3.5 0.051.42+ 0.050.42

∆m=0.45

The acceleration due to gravity is given by

g=4π2m

g=4π23.5

g=4π23.5

g=11.3 m/s2

Calculating the error for g would yield

∆gg= ∆mm2

∆g= g 0.453.52

∆g= 11.30.453.52

∆g= 1.45 m/s2

g=11.3 m/s2 ± 1.45 m/s2

Solving for the percentage deviation would give

% deviation= Actual value-Expected valueExpected value* 100%

Expected value=9.8 m/s2

% deviation= 11.3 m/s2-9.8 m/s29.8 m/s2*100%

% deviation= 11.3 m/s2-9.8 m/s29.8 m/s2*100%

% deviation= 15.3%

Method 2 – Linear Regression

Excel graph

Figure [ 3 ]

The equation of the line is given by T2 = 3.53L + 0.33

Where

m=3.53

The acceleration due to gravity is given by

g=4π2m

g=4π23.53

g=4π23.53

g=11.1 m/s2

Solving for the percentage deviation would give

% deviation= Actual value-Expected valueExpected value* 100%

Expected value=9.8 m/s2

% deviation= 11.1 m/s2-9.8 m/s29.8 m/s2*100%

% deviation= 11.1 m/s2-9.8 m/s29.8 m/s2*100%

% deviation= 13.2%

Conclusion

By comparing these two methods of calculating the acceleration due to gravity it is clearly noticeable that there is a difference between the two, when it comes to the accuracy. When calculating g using the hand drawn graph method it yielded =11. m/s2 ± 1. 45 m/s2. However, when using the linear regression method on excel, it yielded g=11. 1 m/s2. This is clearly closer to the expected value of 9. 8 m/s2. There are several reasons contributing to the conclusion that linear regression is more accurate, than measuring calculating the slope off of a hand drawn graph. First of all, computers are much more accurate than humans. There is no denying the fact that humans are not perfect and no hand drawn graph will be as precise as a computer drawn graph.

A ruler was being used, which may lead to believe that the line is perfectly straight, whereas it is actually not. This is clearly noticeable when one zooms in on a hand-drawn graph. Another problem with the ruler is that no matter how hard one tries to measure the distance between two different points, one will never be able to get the exact distance. Computers, however, Excel, in this case, draw perfectly straight lines. Also the location of the line of best fit line, in the hand-drawn part of the experiment, was estimated, which obviously leads to an inaccurate result.

Excel, however, uses the calculation of linear regression to draw the line of best fit and this is extremely accurate since the exact slope is being calculated by Excel. It is clear that the method of linear regression is more accurate by looking at the percentage deviations for each method. The % deviation for the hand-drawn graph yielded 15. 3%, whereas the percentage deviation for the linear regression method only was 13. 2% Even though the linear regression method was more accurate than the hand-drawn method, there was still a pretty significant difference, between that value, namely g=11. m/s2, and the expected value of 9. 8 m/s2. This is due to a few sources of error when this experiment was conducted. One of the errors that contributed to this difference was that the length of the string was not exactly measured. Thus, the relation between the length and the period was wrong, leading to false results. Another reason that contributed to the inaccuracy was the fact that when the bob was not swinging the way it was supposed to. It was only supposed to have a linear motion, but it had a slightly circular motion, which of course lead to a longer period.

This again resulted in a wrong relationship between the period and the length, leading to the wrong result. There was another major aspect of the experiment that lead to this result. Namely the fact one could not tell where the bob actually started its swinging motion exactly; therefore the exact period could not be measured with the stopwatch. It is evident, however, that if these errors could have been avoided, the acceleration due to gravity could have been calculated very accurately using the method of linear regression.

References

1. PCS 125 Laboratory Manual, 2008

For billion of years, the Earth has been tirelessly orbiting around the Sun. This repetitive motion was kept by the virtue of gravitational force. And for us to understand the whole story about this, we need not to travel away from the Earth. Instead we just study these things in our planet. We can study them by relating the motions of vehicles in a curved road, a plane making a landing on the airport, and many more. And we can understand all of these through Physics and its branch Mechanics.

Physics is the study of the basic principles that include light and matter, in order to discover and understand these implications of these laws, we can use the scientific method. There assumptions that there are rules and guidelines that should be followed for the universe to function. And these rules are partially understood by human beings (Crowell 22). While Mechanics is the branch of Physics that deals with the study of motion, matter, force and associated relationships between them (Alinea et al 29).

And about 300 years ago, a brilliant mind was able to understand and relate his studies to everything that is concerned and related to the unanswered questions about the universe. This man named Isaac Newton came up with different conclusions and theories that are now fully accepted by the science society. His experiments gave answers to those questions and he left us with more things to think and discover.

When he was about 23 years old, Sir Isaac Newton developed theories about gravitation in 1666, he claimed that all things fall to the earth because of a force called gravity keeps everything to be attracted and pulled down to earth. This idea came up when he was seating below an apple tree, then suddenly an apple fell down to his head. And on that day on he wondered why everything falls to the earth. Sir Isaac Newton Concluded that the Force between two mass containing bodies is given by the formula: F=G x (mass1 x mass2)/ (r) (r)

Where F= force, G is the gravitational constant which is 6.67 x 10-11 N m2 kg-2, M1 and M2 are the masses of the two objects, and r2 is the square of their distance from each other. This experiment determines the attraction of objects through their masses. We can relate this to large quantities like stars, planets and other heavenly bodies. And even humans have attraction of forces from other things but these forces are very small and negligible in nature.

About 20 years later, in 1686, he presented his three laws of motions-the Law of Inertia, the Law of Acceleration, and the Law of Interaction. These laws are to define, study, and understand the principles of forces and their interactions with each other along with other aspects which include acceleration Gravity, mass, and velocity.

The first Law of Motion is called the Law of Inertia. It states that when a body is acted upon by a zero net force, the velocity remains constant. This velocity can be either at zero or non-zero magnitude (Alinea et al 35). This means that an object at rest, when acted upon by a zero net force, the object remains at rest. And if a moving object is acted upon by a zero net force, the object remains at that velocity and direction.

Imagine a car moving in a straight direction, if you exert two equal forces on either sides of the car, which will cancel each other and the result will be a zero net force, the motion of the car will remain the same. And this is also true with objects at zero motion or at rest. A good example of this law in our daily life is when you are sleeping. Assume that when you sleep, you were at zero motion. And your wife suddenly pushed you to the other side of the bed, and the tendency for you is to fall on the floor because the force acted upon you was non-zero. If you have another person on your other side, and that person will exert a force equal to what your wife will exert at the same time but opposite in direction, you will surely not to fall.

Newton’s second law of motion was the Law of acceleration. It states that a body acted upon by an external on-zero net force will accelerate. And the net force is mathematically equal to the mass of the body times the acceleration (Alinea et al 35).

Newton also made an explanation to the tendency of an object to move when acted by an external non-zero force. He gave the formula F=ma, Where “F” is the force acted upon the object, “m” is the mass of the object, and ”a” is the acceleration of the object due to the exertion of the force. Experiments also show that the acceleration is inversely proportional to the mass, given by the formula a=F/m.

This law explains why objects move when they are hit. An example is the car accident of former senator Rene Saguisag. According to the news, the van of the Mr. Saguisag was hit by a truck and it went about 20 to 30 meters before going stop. The Law of acceleration can explained to what happened to the van. Because the van was hit only in one side, the tendency of the van is to move and accelerate in the direction of the external force acted upon it.

Another example is when you are walking down a street and suddenly you was hit by a muscular man about 200 Kilograms, and the tendency is you will move according to the direction that man was going and you will be accelerating due to the force acted upon you by that man. It happens all the time, even between pre-school pupils.

The last law of motion is the Law of Interaction. It was stated that if an object A applies a force on another object B, object B is also applying the same amount of force but in opposite direction. And that their net force is zero (Crowell 145).

It means that if you exert a force or effort to an object, the object exert the same amount of force but in opposite direction. For example, if you open a door, the door exerts equal amount of force to effort you exert on it. Much like of”what you do to others, they do it unto you”.

Now that these laws explain and answer our questions about the universe, we can now relate it from the simplest parts of our daily life to the most complex structure of the universe. And for further analyzing and continuous exploration of the still undiscovered mysteries of the universe, we can develop and sustain answers to future questions that will make us enlighten our minds.

And we need to cooperate and be part of the growing family of science that rooted from the intuitive and curiosity of the human brain to gain more knowledge in order to attain the best for our lives. And if I am not mistaken, we deserve to be the beings that were created to be alive. And every mind has the will to understand the whole of life, and what lies behind all those mysteries. And maybe we can account that for our Creator.

Works Cited

1. Crowell, Benjamin. Newtonian Physics. California: Light and Matter, 1998
2. Alinea, Allan L., et al. General Physics I. Philippines: C & E Publishing, Inc, 2006
3. ”Newton’s Law of Motion.” 1 December 2007.

Name: Monish Kumar (S11065194) The University of the South Pacific MM313 Dynamic Systems Experiment 2- Crank Mechanism Aim: To investigate the relationship between piston displacement and crank angle for different ratios between the connecting rod and the crank. Also to look at the relationship between the turning moment on the crank shaft and crank angle for a given force on the piston. Equipment and Instrument: Introduction: A crank is an arm attached at right angles to a rotating shaft by which reciprocating motion is imparted to or received from the shaft. It is used to convert circular motion into reciprocating motion, or vice-versa.

The arm may be a bent portion of the shaft, or a separate arm attached to it. Attached to the end of the crank by a pivot is a rod, usually called a connecting rod. The end of the rod attached to the crank moves in a circular motion, while the other end is usually constrained to move in a linear sliding motion. Theory: Figure 1. 0: Slider crank mechanism The slider crank mechanism as shown in figure 1. 0 is a kinematic mechanism. The piston displacement from the top dead centre, x, can be determined from the geometry of the mechanism, in terms of the lengths of the connecting rod, L, and crank, R, and the crank angle, ? can be expressed as x=L+R-(Lcos? -Rcos? ) Also from the geometry, it can be seen that Rsin? =Lsin? And sin? =sin? n Hence cos? =[1+sin? n2]1/2 Where n is a ratio: n=LR Procedure: Part A: 1) No weights and hangers required, the unit initial starting position 0 in the protractor is setup and 90? and 270? protractor positions to be in line with the level lines in each side. 2) The unit is to be setup in its highest point, Top dead centre point was used to work out the displacement value 3) The mounted disc was turned 30? nd the displacement was noted on the results table, this step was again repeated for different angles and different crank positions. Part B: Results: PART A Table 1: Results of Piston Displacement Crank angle| Displacement| | P1 (mm) experiment| P1 (mm) theory| P2 (mm) experiment| P2 (mm) theory| P3 (mm) experiment| P3 (mm) theory| 0| 0| 0| 0| 0| 0| 0| 30| 3| 3. 180748214| 5| 4. 252344481| 7| 5. 324742758| 45| 7| 6. 86291501| 10| 9. 20565874| 13| 11. 55001055| 60| 12| 11. 51142198| 17| 15. 51081741| 20| 19. 51263112| 90| 22| 22. 02041029| 31| 30. 01960212| 39| 38. 2202662| 120| 31| 31. 51142198| 45| 43. 51081741| 53| 55. 51263112| 135| 35| 35. 14718626| 50| 48. 80363849| 63| 62. 4616988| 150| 38| 37. 82176437| 53| 52. 74976709| 68| 67. 67857183| 180| 39| 40| 56| 56| 71| 72| Table 2: calculation of the angle ? Crank angle| ? | 0| 0| 30| 5. 73917| 45| 8. 130102| 60| 9. 974222| 90| 11. 53696| 120| 9. 974222| 135| 8. 130102| 150| 5. 73917| 180| 1. 40E-15| Graph of Displacement (mm) vs. Crank angle position (? ) Sample Calculation: For Displacement P1 at 30? crank angle. To find, ? , n = 5 sin? =sin? n ?=sin-1sin? n=sin-1sin305=5. 73917?

To calculate the theoretical displacement, x: x=r1-cos? +nr(1-cos? ) x=201-cos30+nr1-cos5. 73917=3. 180748214 mm Discussion: 1. After plotting the graph of Displacement versus the crank angle position, the graph show that the experimental values and the theoretical displacement can be compared, the experimental plot and the theoretical plot are almost same. 2. From the results graph the graph show that the measured displacement follows the theoretical curve very well. The maximum difference between the experimental and theoretical displacement is 2 mm. 3. For full rotation i. e. 60? the motion of the piston is close to simple harmonic, after 180? the displacement will gradually decrease to 0, it will form a cosine graph. PART B: Piston Balance and Forces Table 3: Piston balance and forces Angle (? )| No added Piston Weight P3 (N)| 4N Added Piston Weight P3 (N)| | LHS| RHS| LHS| RHS| 0| 4. 9| 4. 9| 4. 9| 4. 9| 30| 5. 3| 4. 9| 5. 8| 4. 9| 45| 5. 5| 4. 9| 6. 1| 4. 9| 60| 5. 7| 4. 9| 6. 3| 4. 9| 90| 5. 8| 4. 9| 6. 2| 4. 9| 120| 5. 5| 4. 9| 5. 8| 4. 9| 135| 5. 3| 4. 9| 5. 6| 4. 9| 150| 5. 1| 4. 9| 5. 5| 4. 9| 180| 4. 9| 4. 9| 4. 9| 5. 3| 225| 4. 9| 5. 3| 4. | 6. 5| 270| 4. 9| 5. 4| 4. 9| 6| 315| 4. 9| 5. 5| 4. 9| 5. 7| Graph of Weights vs. Angle (No added Piston Weight P3 (N)) Graph of Weights vs. Angle (4N added Piston Weight P3 (N)) Discussion: 1) Experimental results was not satisfactory, there was some errors made which was due to friction between the mounted disc and the protractor. 2) After looking at the results graph the greatest amount of force approximately at 60? to 90? for no added piston weight. The weight is 5. 8 N at LHS whereas for 4N added piston weight the greatest amount of force is 6. 5 N at 225? RHS. Conclusion:

The kinematic motion of the crank mechanism can be expressed in terms of the lengths of the crank and the conrod, and the displacement of the crankshaft. The experimental measurements of piston displacement agree with the prediction of a theoretical model of the piston motion. Due to friction errors were made in the second part of the experiment but still manage to get the results to find out the greatest amount of force being exerted on crank mechanism. Reference: Experiment 2 – Crank Mechanism. (2013). Suva, Fiji Islands. Kearney, M. (2005, August 15). Kinematics of a Slider- crank mechanism.

Energy growth is directly linked to well-being and prosperity across the globe. Meeting the growing demand for energy in a safe and environmentally responsible manner is a key challenge. Modern energy enriches life. There are seven billion people on earth who use energy each day to make their lives richer, more productive, safer and healthier. It is perhaps the biggest driver of energy demand: the human desire to sustain and improve the well-being of ourselves, our families and our communities.

Energy is the ability to do work, the ability to exert a force on an object to move it. The kinetic energy of an object is the energy which it possesses due to its motion. It is defined as the work needed to accelerate a body of a given mass from rest to its stated velocity. Having gained this energy during its acceleration, the body maintains this kinetic energy unless its speed changes. The same amount of work is done by the body in decelerating from its current speed to a state of rest. The word “kinetic” comes from the Greek word “kinesis,” which means “motion. That’s why kinetic energy is the energy of an object that is moving. You cannot exactly destroy kinetic energy, but you can stop it by simply putting an end to any motion or force being exerted on an object. Water is the common name applied to the liquid form of the hydrogen and oxygen compound H2O. Pure water is an odorless, tasteless, clear liquid. Water is one of nature’s most important gifts to mankind. Essential to life, a person’s survival depends on drinking water. Water is one of the most essential elements to good health.

It is necessary for the digestion and absorption of food; helps maintain proper muscle tone; supplies oxygen and nutrients to the cells; rids the body of wastes; and serves as a natural air conditioning system. Health officials emphasize the importance of drinking at least eight glasses of clean water each and every day to maintain good health. Since water contains no calories and can serve as an appetite suppressant and helps the body metabolize stored fat, it may possibly be one of the most significant factors in losing weight.

In his book, titled “The Snowbird Diet” Dr. Donald Robertson says the body will not function properly without enough water and discusses the importance of drinking plenty of water for permanent weight loss: “Drinking enough water is the best treatment for fluid retention; the overweight person needs more water than the thin one; water helps to maintain proper muscle tone; water can help relieve constipation; drinking water is essential to weight loss. ” Water is only substance that occurs the ordinary temperatures in all three states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas.

As a solid, ice, it forms glaciers, frozen lakes and rivers, snow, hail, and frost. It is liquid as rain and dew, and it covers three-quarters of the earth’s surface in swamps, lakes, rivers, and oceans. Water also occurs in the soil and beneath the earth’s surface as a vast groundwater basin. In physics, a wave is a disturbance or oscillation that travels through space time, accompanied by a transfer of energy. Wave motion transfers energy from one point to another, often with no permanent displacement of the particles of the medium that is, with little or no associated mass transport.

They consist, instead, of oscillations or vibrations around almost fixed locations. Waves are described by a wave equation which sets out how the disturbance proceeds over time. The mathematical form of this equation varies depending on the type of wave. The term wave is often intuitively understood as referring to a transport of spatial disturbances that are generally not accompanied by a motion of the medium occupying this space as a whole. In a wave, the energy of a vibration is moving away from the source in the form of a disturbance within the surrounding medium.

However, this notion is problematic for a standing wave (for example, a wave on a string), where energy is moving in both directions equally, or for electromagnetic (e. g. light) waves in a vacuum, where the concept of medium does not apply and interaction with a target is the key to wave detection and practical applications. There are water waves on the ocean surface; gamma waves and light waves emitted by the Sun; microwaves used in microwave ovens and in radar equipment; radio waves broadcast by radio stations; and sound waves generated by radio receivers, telephone handsets and living creatures, to mention only a few wave phenomena.

Statement of the Problem General Objectives • To figure out the relationship of kinetic energy of a dropped object and its height. Specific Objectives • To identify the height of the water when you dropped an object into it. • To identify if the Kinetic Energy is Zero will help the impact of height to its resulting wave. • To determine how the waves in the ocean appears. Hypothesis • Will it give you the accurate height of the wave? • Will the kinetic energy help so that we can get the height of the wave? What are the elements present when the wave occurs? Significance/Importance Waves are important to the surfers, fisherman, seaman and other people who deals with that wave in the oceans. They use waves for them to be able to perform this sport. Without waves, the concept of being a surfer would be totally meaningless. To surfers, they are able to use ocean waves in a very special way. In the part of the seaman and Fisherman, they may not work or make a living when the weather is bad.

This kind of work is really hard wherein it is dangerous for their part to sail in the Ocean as they leave their families. That is why we have come up with this study that will help those people who are engage with that kind of work and for them to be able to know how when to sail or not so that they may not risk their own lives. We hope that after this study, they are already informing of how…………… Methodology Materials • Tupperware container • food dye • a small ball • String a permanent marker • Paper • ceiling hook • water Procedure The procedure goes on by filling the container up to 5. 8 cm of water. Add food dye on the water. Cut strips of paper, mark each paper. Place the 3 strips of paper around the container with the mark meeting the water, secure papers by folding over edge, mark at 2, 5 and every 2. 5 after up to 50 cm hang string from hook so that it barely touches water. Then the drop ball from first drop height and allow resulting waves to subside.

After dropping the ball observe and examine the paper. Measure the change of the wave height. Repeat 3 times for each height. Conclusion We, therefore conclude that the energy of a wave related to the kinetic energy of the ball as long as the material and confines of the wave allowed. Recommendation We recommend our study to the surfers and fisherman that made use of waves who has played a big role in their lives. They may use our study so that they may know many more about the things they deal with in their works.