Challenges Of World Health Organization Health And Social Care Essay

Table of contents

World Health Organization ( WHO ) is an organization established by the United Nations in 1945. A thought about set using WHO was from former wellness organizations such as the Health Organization of the League of Nations. One twelvemonth subsequently on 22 July 1946, the fundamental law of the WHO had been signed by all 61 states of the UN, with the first meeting of the World Health Assembly completing on 24 April 1948. The Fundamental law of WHO came into force on 7 April 1948- a day of the month we now celebrate every twelvemonth as World Health Day. Until now, WHO has been responsible for catching diseases, in particular, malaria and TB, and besides HIV/AIDS which we’re traveling to speak about in this paper.

The chief variety meats of WHO are the World Health Assembly, the Executive Board, and the secretariat, headed by a director-general. Harmonizing to WHO ( 2012 ), the World Health Assembly has more than 190 provinces as the members. Each member has one ballot in policies of the organization, budgetary, administrative, and similar inquiries. By two tierce of the ballot, the assembly may make up one’s mind the determination or understanding. The assembly holds the meeting yearly in May at Geneva. The executive board has 32 members. Each 32 members of the board are elected by the World Health Assembly for the three old ages term. Board members serve as persons and non as representatives of their authorities. They meet twice a twelvemonth. The secretariat consists of the proficient and administrative forces of the organization. It is headed by a manager general, chosen by the World Health Assembly.

The WHO’s most import intent which listed in The Constitution of WHO ( 1946 ) is “ the enjoyment of the highest come-at-able criterion of wellness is one of the cardinal rights of every human being without differentiation of race, faith, political, belief, economic or societal status ”. In order to accomplish this intent, the promotive schemes are needed. Investing in wellness to cut down poorness, constructing single and planetary wellness security, advancing cosmopolitan coverage, gender equality, and wellness related human rights, undertaking the determiners of wellness, and beef uping wellness systems and just entree are the illustrations of those schemes.

There are many maps of WHO. First, WHO provides leading on the wellness job and engage in the partnership where WHO attends the action. When one state has a wellness job, WHO is the caput for seeking the solutions for that state. Second, WHO organizes the research docket which makes the people understand and remain watchful about wellness issues and transmit the valuable information and cognition about wellness to every state. Third, WHO set up the norm, standard, and advance their execution. Fourth, the WHO provides proficient support and counsel. Fifth, WHO dominates the wellness state of affairs on the universe and reference wellness tendency.

Until now we could see through a brief debut of what is WHO. By this, we realize WHO isn’t merely bing for nil. Indeed, WHO is one of the most effective organizations in forestalling the spread of HIV/AIDS. Furthermore, we will discourse about what is HIV/AIDS? What WHO do when HIV/AIDS occurs in one state? Is at that place any different positions about WHO’s work in AIDS?

II- History of HIV/AIDS

AIDS ( Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ) is one of the most fatal unwellnesss in the universe, which causes by HIV I ( Human Immunodeficiency Viruses ), have been killing millions of victims all over the universe merely over 30 old ages ago. AIDS doesn’t infect by merely holding sex ( unwritten, vaginal, or anal ), but besides sharing blood, sharing needle ( drug utilizing, tattoo, piercingsaˆ¦ ) ; infecting from ma, who got AIDS to the fetal. It kills victims by weakening down the immune system in a complication manner. So where does AIDS come from? When and how it becomes the scariest unwellness?

It’s believed that AIDS was originated in Africa. In the early yeas HIV was an unknown and feared virus that menace and scare people about its fatal. After a movie star Rock Hudson died on October/2nd/1985, piano player Liberane died in February/4th/1987, and other more celebrated people died, the unwellness started to known by people. HIV emerged in the late twentieth century. In the sixties and 1970s, AIDs was appeared by infecting from Pan troglodytes to worlds in Africa. A 1998 analysis suggested that HIV-1 occurred in the 1960s in West Africa. In 1981 is distributing AIDS syndrome. There were two ways, Kaposi’s sarcoma and pneumonia ( PCP ) gay homosexual in New York City. In 1982 is the syndrome was created as AIDS ( Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ). In 1983, the World Health Organization ( WHO ) took action in France and the US. In 1986 in UK AIDS was called HIV ( Human Immunodeficiency Virus ). In add-on, AZT ( azidothymidine or Retrovir ) anti-HIV drug was found. Mandal said ( n.d. ) ” In the 2000s, by 2000,34.3 million instances of HIV worldwide, with the largest figure in South Africa, were estimated. HIV vaccinum tests began in Oxford in 2000. In 2003 in Swaziland and Botswana in Southern Africa, about 40 % of grownups HIV+ AIDS vaccinum failed, Enfuviride a new drug called merger inhibitor was approved in the USA. In 2005 drug companies and shapers agreed to do available cheaper generic anti-viral drugs. ”

Over 30 old ages, AIDS has killed 1000000s of people, left many orphanhoods. Though WHO and all authorities around the universe have tried a remedy for this unwellness, there hasn’t had any medical specialty to bring around this syndrome yet. In order to diminish this AIDS syndrome, people should good aware of how to forestall and protect themselves from this fatal unwellness.

III- The Challenges of the World Health Organization in AIDS plan

The WHO is regarded as one of the taking organizations in forestalling and halting AIDS and they are besides praised for their committedness and scheme. The run is concentrating on zero new HIV infection, zero decreases from AIDS-related wellness, and zero favoritism against people populating with HIV/AIDS ( WHO, 2011 ). However, there are ever the obstruction that or issues that they have been confronting since the beginning of their spreading of HIV bar plan

a. Education and Communication

The WHO plan against AIDS focal point on Lashkar-e-Taiba people to cognize HIV/AIDS and how to forestall it. However, Knowledge of AIDS is limited to some states that are low in instruction, wellness, and communication. Those people that live there were really vulnerable to the disease and easily infected with other people. Hence, when UNTAC arrive in 1992 Cambodia to reconstruct peace, they besides carried AIDS that was distributed throughout Cambodia. During that clip, Cambodia was in the procedure of stoping the ongoing civil wars that have lasted for decennaries. The Kampuchean was comparatively incognizant of this deathly epidemic. Harmonizing to WHO, by 1995 there were between 50,000 and 90,000 Cambodians infected by HIV. The grounds why it expanded so fast were the deficiency of cognition of Aids, how lifelessly it was, and how it infected from individual to individual.

B. Stigma and Discrimination

The Secretary General Ban Ki Moon says:

“ Sigma remains the individual most of import barrier to public action. it is a chief ground why excessively many people are afraid to see a physician whether they have the disease or to seek intervention if so. It helps do AIDS the soundless slayer because people fear the societal shame of talking about it or taking easily available safeguards. Stigma is the main ground why the AIDS epidemic continues to lay waste to societies around the universe. ”

Because HIV/AIDS is an unsafe disease that has killed 1000000s of people around the universe and so people view it ever in a strong manner. Peoples that infected ever find themselves isolated from society because they merely seem to experience ashamed and fright of favoritism from their household and society. The WHO believes that the bar and decrease of HIV will alter the attitude of people’s discrimination toward the people populating HIV.

c. Religious Belief

Because of the primary spreading AIDS through sexual intercourse, The WHO has recommended the people all over to utilize the rubbers in order to protect them from AIDS infecting. Nevertheless, The Roman-Catholic church has been opposing the thought of utilizing the rubber through their spiritual belief as to the act of wickedness. Pope Benedict XVI said on a trip to see Africa in 2009 claims that by utilizing rubbers it could do the AIDS issue in Africa become much worse. His statement besides made the other Catholics in other states believe condemned the thought of utilizing rubber although some of them live in the development states and understand how lifelessly the disease is. The World Health Assembly President, Guyana’s Health Minister Leslie Ramsammy disapproved of the Catholic Pope position and regarded as the act of distributing confusion in Africa where it badly suffered from the AIDS epidemic. She stated “ The statement by the Pope is inconsistent with our experiences and it is non in sync with what Catholics have experienced and believe. ” The bottom line is the WHO is fighting to convert and urge the manner that people can avoid and cognize how to protect them from Aids, but the WHO can non implement people to make it.

IV- Case Study1: Cambodia

HIV/AIDS is an epidemic in Cambodia unusually. After the instance of HIV was found in Cambodia in 1991, the predominating of infection increased extremely of 2 per centum in 1998. In the general population, the prevailing decreased to 0.5 per centum in 2009. Between 2003 and 2005 the statistics of infective HIV among Kampuchean grownups aged 15-49 were low down from 2 per centum to 1.6 per centum. 63000 people were populating with HIV in Cambodia in 2011. The infection of epidemic HIV is spread through by heterosexual transmittal, sex trade, shooting drug users, and so on. The prevalence of HIV/AIDS in Cambodia is among the highest in Asia. Even though Cambodia is one of the poorest states in the universe; HIV bar and control attempts made by the Royal Government and Organizations have helped to cut down the spread of HIV. Cambodia’s authorities fined methods, in order to cut down the spread of HIV. The authorities implement on human trafficking and sexual development. In the execution, constabularies find the location such as whorehouses, in order to caught and steer the sex worker and notably the sex workers who do the sex trade on streets, bars, and informal karaoke. Furthermore, the voluntary plans about learning HIV/AIDS instruction can besides forestall HIV. In order to do the Kampuchean citizen know profoundly about HIV, a voluntary squad conveys up the issue related to HIV/AIDS to steer about how to forestall from these rough diseases in the schoolroom or communities. Furthermore, they try to maintain future coevals safe from this disease. In that, WHO took action with the ministry of wellness of Cambodia to cut down the spread of HIV. The ministry of wellness of Cambodia with WHO support established the Nation AIDS plan ( NAP ). The purpose of NAP from 1991-1994 is to denote the consciousness and to advance the utilizing of rubber among both genders. In order to protect the citizen from this deathly disease, they have to cognize how to utilize condoms decently. Furthermore, the ministry of wellness of Cambodia generated plans related to the apprehension and counsel of HIV by many medias such as Television, wireless, proclamation and so on.

V- Case Study2: Swaziland

In Swaziland, a little landlocked state in Southern Africa, it has the highest HIV prevalence in the universe, which accounted for 33.4 % of the entire population in 2006 ( USAID Report ). Aids had spread over the state and led to the Aids catastrophe state around 25 old ages. Since, the first instance of study in1986, Swaziland authorities and WHO work to supply information and instruction on HIV; promote rubber usage; pull off the spread of sexually transmitted infections and many policies in order to forestall Aids, but “ In 1992 the prevalence is merely 3.9 % , but in 2007 it increases to 39.2 % ” ( USAID study ). Even the authorities and many international organizations had tried to forestall and halt the spread of AIDs, it seems can non command good. `In 2009 the entire population is 1,200,000 and the people populating with Aids is180,000 ; The adult females age above 15 old ages old life with HIV is 100,000 ; kids 14,000 and Adult 25.9 % , and AIDs deaths 7,000 ” ( Population Reference BureauA & A ; A UNAIDS ) . It is still worse if comparison to adjacent states

Harmonizing to UNAIDS Executive Director Michel Sidibe presented study in February 2010 when visited Swaziland “A study gauging that 3 in every 100 people in Swaziland will be infected with HIV every twelvemonth taking to an expected 18,000 new infections each twelvemonth by 2012. ”

Now in Swaziland, there are 2 chiefs go oning models supported by The National Emergency Response Council on HIV/AIDS ( NERCHA ) together with UNAIDS. One Strategic Framework and One Monitoring and Evaluation Framework with the full name is National Strategic Framework on HIV and AIDS ( NSF ) 2009-2014 and The National HIV and AIDS Monitoring and Evaluation Framework 2009-2014, aligned and work together. It realizes that these models impact consequence such as Better the Swaziland Human Development Index from 0.542 reported in 2008 to 0.55 in 2014; Reducing Swaziland incidence rate of HIV from 2.9 in 2008 to 2.3 % in 2014; Increased life anticipation from 40.2 old ages in 2008 to 44 old ages in 2014; Increase the per centum of families with vulnerable persons that are able to get by with the impact of HIV from 72 % in 2008 to 80 % in 2014; Increase the per centum of vulnerable persons that report that all the services they received were relevant, seasonably, and comprehensive and of good quality to 70 % in 2014; And increase the per centum of mid-term and terminal of NSF service coverage marks ( end product degree ) that have been met in the countries of HIV bar, intervention attention and support and impact extenuation has increased to 80 % by the terminal of NSF in 2014.

The World Health Organization ( WHO ) plays an import function recommended collaborative TB/HIV activities as a portion of nucleus HIV and TB ( Tuberculosis ) bar, attention, and intervention services. WHOs ‘ actions included intercessions that cut down the morbidity and mortality from TB in people populating with HIV. WHO is besides an usher for Swaziland, Harmonizing to WHO guidelines, all co-infected patients should be started on ART ( Antiretroviral Therapy ) every bit shortly as they can digest TB intervention.

Although advancement has been made with respect to intervention and Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission ( PMTCT ), poorness, gender inequality, and harmful cultural patterns continue to lend to a high hazard of HIV infection among the general population. There is still a pressing demand for effectual bar enterprises, including a greater focal point on bettering entree to HIV proving installations. The highly high rate of TB ( TB ) A co-infection with HIV is besides a major concern and the chief cause of mortality in the state. Swaziland’s King has been criticized for his “blazing neglect ” for the factors leading to the AIDS epidemic in his state and populating a munificent lifestyle, while his state is in such a desperate state of affairs. When the King chartered a plane to take his 13 married women on an international shopping trip in 2008, 100s of Swazi adult females protested, shouting “we need to maintain that money for ARVs! ”

Swaziland, even the WHO, USAID, and the authorities created policy and good practicing, but as you can see the statistic in paragraph 3, Swaziland has more things to travel and more things to reform in order to accomplish the end.

VI- Decision

To sum up, many people think WHO is working for several things but non truly making their work. Yet our paper provinces that WHO is a powerful histrion of halting and blockading HIV/AIDS to be expanded by directing specializer to corporate with authorities, steering the manner to assist people populating with HIV, making learning plan for the local nurses, supplying assistance to assist authorities, describing AIDS yearly. Besides, WHO corporate really good with UNAIDS who is acts the most to prevent AIDS. Indeed, WHO besides has things to be fixed. Lack of instruction, favoritism, and spiritual belief are those jobs to be fixed. These jobs should be solved. It wouldn’t be an easy undertaking for WHO but if WHO endure it, it will be a measure for WHO to travel frontward. Overall, WHO is truly making difficult and effectual work approximately AIDS around the universe.

References

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  3. Bradshaw, S. ( 2003, October 9 ) . Vatican: Condoms Don’t Stop Aids. Retrieved November 27, 2012, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.guardian.co.uk
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  5. Global Service Corps ( N.A. ) . Volunteer plan in Cambodia in Asia. Retrieved November 30. 2012 from www.globalservicecorps.org/site/cambodia-hiv-prevention/
  6. Mandal, A. ( N.A. ) . History of AIDS, News-Medical, Retrieved November 28, 2012, from www.news-medical.net/health/History-of-AIDS.aspx
  7. Sidibe , M. ( 26 February, 2010 ) . The Impact of Science and Innovation in HIV and AIDS. Retrieved November 20, 2012, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.unaids.org/en/media/unaids/contentassets/dataimport/pub/speechexd/2010/20100226_sp_sidibe_vancouver_en.pdf
  8. Timess, T. W. ( 2008, August 6 ) . BAN KI-MOON: The Stigma Factor. Retrieved November 27, 2012, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.washingtontimes.com
  9. UNAIDS ( 2012, March ) . Regions & A ; states: States: Swaziland. Retrieve November 21, 2012, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.unaids.org/en/regionscountries/countries/swaziland/
  10. UNAIDS ( 2012 ) . Swaziland state study on supervising the political declaration on HIV and AIDS. Retrieved November 20, 2012, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.unaids.org/en/dataanalysis/knowyourresponse/countryprogressreports/2012countries/ce_SZ_Narrative_Report % 5B1 % 5D.pdf
  11. Vesperini, H. ( 2000, November 30 ) . Cambodia ‘s Aids Struggle. Retrieved November 27, 2012, from hypertext transfer protocol: //news.bbc.com.uk
  12. World Health Organization ( WHO ) ( 2012 ) . Countries. Retrieved November 27, 2012, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.who.int
  13. WHO ( 2012 ) . Governance. Retrieved November 27, 2012, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.who.int
  14. WHO ( 2011 ) . hiv/aids 2011-2015. Retrieved November 27, 2012 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.who.int
  15. WHO ( 1946 ) . The fundamental law of WHO. Retrieved November 27, 2012, from hypertext transfer protocol: //ww.who.int
  16. WHO ( 2003 ) . The WHO Strategy: Treating 3 Million by 2005: Making It Happen. Retrieved November 27, 2012 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.who.int

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The Effects of Bureaucracy on Organization Efficiency

Bureaucracy may be defined as a specialized strategic system and process that ensures power from the top trickles down. Bureaucracy maintains a kind of authoritative uniformity within an organization (Adler, 2012). For instance, Top managers appoint the subordinate staff while individual staffs compete for promotion. Bureaucratic leadership and processes have been the most common in government and large organizations when it comes to administering formal rules of internal behavior.

For example, many oil companies establish bureaucratic strategies set at the top management that compel its employees to complete safety checks when operating. Over 150 years bureaucracy seemed to be good for business, and as if it supports efficiency in every large organization, however, bureaucracy is very simple and scalable but has virtually unchallenged features that disable and paralyzes organizations operation.

As such, this paper will look into how managers should think of more creative ways of maintaining competitive success. It will critically analyze how bureaucracy has failed in supporting efficiency operation in organizations by underweighting new thinking that facilitates building and nurturing deep, hard-to-replicate skills that hasten growth. In a nutshell, bureaucracy misallocates power when running an organization from a top-down management position in today’s competitive environment.

Bureaucracy discourages rebel and change-oriented employees while on the other hand, it encourages only a small number of seasoned top executives who may fail to write off their depreciating intellectual capabilities to run the organization efficiently. This may facilitate Soviet-style centralization and this, by all means, is the enemy of progress if the entire top management is unwilling to adapt and learn, the entire organization growth deteriorates (Murphy, 2009).

Bureaucracy concentrates the responsibility for setting strategies and direction at the top management this allows only a few top leaders to become the key drivers of change this slows down growth because only those top leaders who are willing to adopt creative and innovative ideas will steer up growth and change.

Research shows bureaucracy is still important to some government and large organizations today. However, the 150-year old military command structure ought to be replaced with other alternatives, for instance, mixed approach, flat or organic that may not affect organizational behavior like the bureaucratic approach. Moreover, bureaucracy is tinted with the negative association which may be considered inefficient this is because in a bureaucracy, even the top executives in these organizations do not come into office through democratic election because promotion solely depends on the top management decisions that may be biased. 

A bureaucracy originates from the push to run organization through closed-door frameworks and system. As such, formal and rigid rules set up the framework that is to be used to maintain order. In a nutshell, procedural rightness is held in high respect inside a bureaucracy. Maybe the absolute most identifiable normal for a bureaucracy is the utilization of various leveled techniques to streamline or replace self-sufficient choices.

This implies that a normal civil servant in top position makes verifiable assumptions around an association and the world with which it cooperates. One of these presumptions is the association can’t depend on open management system of operations, which is either excessively complex or too questionable to survive.

Rather, a closed and judiciously explored framework ought to be actualized and followed. As a result, bureaucratic structures tend to be redundant and dependant on methods that worked out admirably previously. This creates divisions and disagreements between employees with conflicting ideas on development and ways to achieve set organizational goals. Consequently, bureaucracy makes it difficult for organization around the world to fire poor performers because of an arduous termination process associated with the bureaucratic approach.

Manager’s main duty is to ensure conformance to international standards in regards to corporate policies, product specifications, quality standards, deadlines, budgets, and work rules. In 19 century about 60 years ago Max Weber a German sociologist came up with the bureaucratic theory of management also known as Max Weber theory. To him, the bureaucratic approach was an efficient and effective way to set up a government administration and organizations.

Max Weber believed that in a bureaucracy, there is no element of favoritism because everyone is treated equally. Moreover, this approach had the division of labor clearly described for each employee unlike in the traditional structures. To some extent, he was right since bureaucracy may be termed as the technology of control.

Nonetheless, it is practically and ideologically opposed to irregularities and disorder (Singh, 2013). In the 21st century which is the information age characterized by discontinuity, it is evident that the random people with irregular ideas are the one who creates different business models that generate significant returns compared to bureaucracy. In this condition, control is a fundamental but a long way from adequate essential for progress and success.

Bureaucracy differs significantly from governance or administration. Dr. Ronald E. Riggio in his recent blog post described administrative structures that are bureaucratic as governed by rules not results and this fact cripple progress in many bureaucratic organizations (Yang, 2008). Bureaucracies often exist to ensure there is a specific procedural structure followed, despite the structure influencing the achievement of the set goals negatively.

Max Weber, bureaucratic management approach, has some faults that research has analyzed and criticized deeply. The following are evident faults and are a disadvantage to the organization using this approach.

  •   Bureaucratic management approach focuses on rules, regulations and not results.

  •   Formalities and rules followed in any Bureaucratic Organization create unnecessary delay in the decision-making process.

  •   The chain of command from the top down negatively affects communication in the organization because of too many regulations and rules.

  •   Use of a lot of paperwork in the 21st century may be termed as a waste of money, time and effort. This too much level of authority results in inefficiency in the organizations. 

  •   Because of its too much rules and regulations, Max Weber bureaucratic management approach is not appropriate for business organizations. However, this model may be ideal for government institutions.

  •   Bureaucratic management approach undermines the dedication and commitment of the employee; on the other hand, it gives importance to the technical qualifications of the employees for promotion and transfers. 

  •   There is no importance of the Human Resource (HR) in bureaucratic management approach since decisions are made by the top management. 

From research, it is clearly evident that the Max Weber’s bureaucratic approach only helped the traditional administrative to solve their problems. Moreover, many articles on the same believe the approach is not perfect or close to the management solutions in today’s organizations since all importance and authority lies at the top management.

The Effects of Bureaucracy on Customers and Employees

Some organizations have shown symptoms that are destructive to the relationship between customers and employees. This is often described as “bureaucracy.” The following are effects of bureaucracy in regards to negatively affecting the behaviors, attitudes, and decisions of both customers and employees.

  • It is evident that when an organization is governed by too many rules and regulations the customers tend to call the organization “bureaucratic.” This influences their purchase behaviors of customers negatively towards the organizations products and services negatively.

  • Any organization policies that don’t satisfy the customer needs and employees emphasis that the policy is the same for all customers leads to customers describing the organization as “bureaucratic, ” and this adversely affects business.

  • The bureaucratic organization has set standard policies, procedures, and practices that discriminate customers and favour only the organization. Customers feel discriminated and often describe the organizations as Bureaucratic, and the set rules are a disadvantage to the customers.

  • Rigid regulations and rules that make it difficult for both employees and customers to meet their expectations make them think of the organization as bureaucratic. 

  • The bureaucratic approach is like “uncaring” For instance, the customer complaints are treated more like tedious processes than individuals needs.

  • Most bureaucratic organizations are unwilling to admit their mistakes and in most cases they tend to blame to the customer for their own mistake and this greatly affect business operation.

  • Research shows bureaucratic are reluctant to change since rules and regulations dictate what is to be done. Consequently, bureaucratic organizations are slow to innovate and this affects completion.

  • The bureaucratic structures are often characterized by offering products and services of inferior quality compared to their competitors who are non-bureaucratic.

  • Strict rules and regulations that lead to customer’s lack of access to important services because of such things like company hours affect business and this is associated with the bureaucratic approach. 

  • Bureaucracy is frequently characterized as being arrogant to customers who render their services. 

The following are characteristics of bureaucracy organization operation that adversely affects customers.

  1. The slow process when customer’s calls are transferred around many times. 

  2. Employees are not motivated and only follow the strict rules like robots. They are often not positive about the organization and are unhappy with the rules and regulations that affect smooth business operations. 

  3. In many Bureaucratic organizations, employees are less fascinated by the organization’s products or services.

  4. Employees are strictly guided, and this makes them unfriendly to customers. The impression portrayed after following the rules is that they don’t care if the customer is satisfied or not.

The following are adverse effects of bureaucracy inside the organization. The employees in these organizations have to live with very negative by-products of the bureaucratic management. The following examples are frequently mentioned by employees who think their organization is bureaucratic.

  • Division of labor is distinct, and every individual department has its agenda. In a nutshell, bureaucracy approaches don’t allow departments to cooperate or help each other. 

  • The head of department’s priorities is protecting the department; its employees and the budget instead of striving achieve the organization’s set goals.

  • Frequent quarrels are evident, and this is for the sake of executive’s personal promotion and power. 

  • Subordinates staff Ideas are turned down because they come from the wrong chain of decision-making process while less brilliant Ideas are supported because of the top position of the person tabling them. 

  • Employees term promotions as an unfair process based on politics instead of democracy in regards to actual achievements on the job done.

  • Top managers are given too much authority that is dangerous if they are ill-informed and somehow not aware of may be happening on the front lines.

  • Poor organization communication since important information is kept as secret and used as the basis of maintaining power.

  • Excessive use of paperwork facilitates distorting of selected data to fake performance while the reality is the organization may not be performing.

  • Communication from to executive to subordinates is biased and distorted to reflect what the leaders want the organization to be rather than what it is.

In conclusion, bureaucracy, as portrayed by intensive research, is a collection of negative forces, actions, and attitudes that affect customers and employees by damaging the customer and employee satisfaction intent by many organizations. Moreover, bureaucracy weakens employee morale and commitment to do their best (Sturdy, 2016).

This, in turn, affects the performance of the organization negatively. Bureaucracy is adversely affecting organizational effectiveness mainly because of the strict rules and regulations that divide people within the organization and as a result turn against each other instead of cooperating to achieve the set goals. Bureaucracy approach leads to the misdirected energy of employees into unnecessary conflict and competition with each other instead of striving to achieve the set goals.

In a nutshell, the bureaucracy approach has failed terribly in supporting efficiency operation in organizations because top leaders in most cases set meaningless bureaucratic goals that hinder the true progress of the organization. I believe the efficacy of each set goal should be more important and highly regarded as compared to the rules and regulations that deter achievement of set organizational goals.

Bureaucracy at times overpowers the willingness of the employees to pursue and achieve a worthy goal. In this case, the strict rules and regulations force the employees to follow leaders whose drive mainly suits their interests and not the satisfaction of the customer and employees.

Reference List

  1. Adler, P.S., 2012. Perspective—the sociological ambivalence of bureaucracy: from Weber via Gouldner to Marx.

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  2. Murphy, M., 2009. Bureaucracy and its limits: accountability and rationality in higher education.

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  3. Singh, P., 2013. Transforming traditional bureaucratic management practices by employing the Collegial Leadership Model of Emancipation.

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  4. Sturdy, A., Wright, C. and Wylie, N., 2016. Managers as consultants: The hybridity and tensions of neo-bureaucratic management.

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  5. Yang, P., 2008. A Review of:“Riggio, Ronald E. and Feldman, Robert S.(Eds.). APPLICATIONS OF NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION.” Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers, 2005, xv+ 285 pp., ISBN 0805843353.

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The Drawbacks of Marketing Automation in Business Organization

Marketing automation could nurture leads and develop better relationships with prospects even before interacting with the marketing team. A big part of the purchasing process is overseen by the marketing team. The team ensures that the data obtained from leads is utilized through the automated marketing processes to achieve a better outcome.

Research has it that only a quarter of buyers reveal their interest to purchase during the early stages of product development. The remaining majority gain interest in the products and services as a result of the automated marketing activities in the digital era (Chaffey et al 515).

Marketing automation could lead to the customers being informed; hence, their ability to make a bigger purchase. During the process of nurturing leads through the automated activities, customers get to learn more about the organizations that they have been interacting with. The provision of more relevant information to customers provides a platform for the organizations to earn more revenue through bigger purchases that result from nurtured relationships (Baker, Michael and Hart 16).

Marketing automation could grant visibility into the behavior of customers by collecting the relevant information about their internet activities. Marketers who understand their customer become more strategic in their communications as the automated marketing tools avail the marketers with the relevant information pertaining to their audience.

Marketing automation could also prioritize leads by grading them based on the activities that have been recorded by the CRM tools. The scores could be helpful in gauging the level of interest and the intentions to purchase products or services (Baker, Michael and Hart 38).

Limitations of Marketing Automation

There could be a challenge of defining clear objectives when the automated marketing processes are used alongside the CRM tool of marketing. It is necessary for an organization to define a clear set of objectives that it strives to achieve by building a customer relationship. Most of the organizations that use CRM tool of marketing do not have well-set goals that they intend to implement. In many occasions, the goals are not measurable; thus, the organizations cannot assess the advantages and challenges of using the CRM (Baker, Michael and Hart 385).

There could be a challenge of settling on a core team that would work on implementing the CRM in marketing. Many organizations seem to think that it is the duty of the IT person to manage and control the entire process. It is a requirement that a competent team is put in place to initiate the CRM implementation process.

Defining the automated marketing process could be a problem for the organization. Without a clear definition of the project, it is guaranteed that the project would not be successful. It would be appropriate if all the aspects of the automated marketing process are defined to ensure the security and efficiency of the project.

Moreover, it may be difficult to re-align the automated marketing programs with the culture of the company. It is necessary that the business owners map their operations with the CRM application to provide a favorable environment for the employees and users while keeping track of the company operations (Baker, Michael and Hart 429).

Works Cited

  • Baker, Michael, and Susan Hart. The marketing book. Routledge, 2008.
  • Chaffey, Dave, Paul Russell Smith, and Paul Russell Smith. eMarketing eXcellence: Planning and optimizing your digital marketing. Routledge, 2013.
  • Choy, M., and B. Tay. “Meeting the Upskilling Demands of the Singapore Workforce through MOOCs: A White Paper by Udemy and Dioworks Learning.” (2016): 4.
  • Pham, Thi Hong Van. “Marketing automation as an enabler in B2B: A study from customer retention perspective.” (2017).

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Organizational Diagnosis Of At&T

Business organizations are so put in place to operate in the most effective and efficient way to ensure the main objective of a business: profit and sustainability. The consistent pursuit of growth and development can be “check-listed” through diagnostic models. It is through applicable methods of diagnosis that assists business organizations to pinpoint loopholes and variances between its targets and expectations vis-a-vis actual business performances. In identifying such gaps the necessary curative and/or preventive changes and measures could be put in place.

On the other hand, such diagnostic models can likewise be patterns of analysis and compliance basis as in confirming and reconfirming the positive performance of a business thus meeting its goals. Two focal models of organizational diagnostic can be looked into in analyzing the positive performance of AT&T. As the world’s largest telecommunication holding company, it is one of the most powerful and very modern telecommunication networks providing the most extensive and comprehensive data traffic to the entire global community.

The operational and work activities and process of AT&T can therefore be defined as falling within the mandate of the characteristics defined by either or both the Congruence Model for Organization Analysis (or the Nadler-Tushman Congruence Model) and the Burke-Litwin Causal Model of Organizational Performance and Change Model (or briefly called the B-L Model). (Falletta, 2005) The Congruence Model for Organization Analysis The principles behind three other organizational diagnostics models were dynamically and enhanced by Nadler and Tushman in 1980.

They have integrated the qualifying inputs, throughputs and outputs applied by the Open Systems Theory. The Nadler-Tushman Congruence Model likewise applied the Leavitt Model’s analysis of contributing variables in an organization. And, Nadler-Tushman likewise incorporated the Weisbord Six-Box Model of diagnosis wherein it checks the congruence and alignment of organizational purpose with its structures with its relationships with its leadership with the rightful rewards and helpful mechanisms.

The premises that the diagnostic method of the Nadler-Tushman Congruence Model stipulates is that – one is that, within a comprehensive environment, an organization is an open social system. As such, it is secondly therefore a dynamic entity that can change, evolve and revolve and that thirdly, there are three regions where behavior interchanges: within the individuals; within groups and within the operating systems itself.

Fourthly, it then transpires that amongst these three regions varied transactions and interactions transpire. Therefore, between the inputs and the outputs of each and every transaction and function in an organization, feedbacks transpire that eventually define whether they do fit or do not fit. That is precisely why it is the congruence model. It is the relevance and congruence of the interactions of the functions that will size up the failure or success of the operation of the organization.

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Application of Motivation Theories in Organizations

Once Inside the website, your first task Is to click on your neighborhood, clearly Indicated on a large Interactive flash map. For Example, If you vive in Kamala or Heliports, you would click the corresponding section on the map. Every conceivable restaurant chain and independent eatery is present on Total. Com like ( KEF, Pizza Hut, McDonald’s, Hardness, Chili”s , AIBO El Side, Cook Door, Pedicures, Manikin and much more even El-Table El-Idiomatic & Arrack) you will find them on Total. Com this Is Like fifteen or twenty food courts put together!

Detailed menus are posted, complete with Images, descriptions and prices. Items from efferent restaurants can be placed simultaneously in one order, via a user-friendly ordering engine, and the best thing about that you don’t have to put your credit card number, you will pay on delivery without any extra fee. The advantage of total. Com: 1 . You can save your favorite order so that you can order them In ONE click the next order 3. You can set a delivery time for your order to receive it in a later time 4. You can easily find your preferred restaurants’ updated menus. 5.

You don’t have to memorize all your preferred restaurants’ phone numbers 6. You eliminate any possibility of being put on hold or redialing after a busy signal 7. Avoid errors done by restaurants’ operators. 8. Unlike phone calls you get the chance of winning prizes on your orders. The disadvantage of total. Com: 1 . Sometimes the order can be cancelled 2. Some items were missing or not as the ones you requested 3. Sometimes take a long time to receive the order 4. Not all areas are available as not all areas are included in the delivery services of the restaurants’ listed on Total. Com.

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Internal & External Organizational Forces

As one of the nation’s leading wireless and technological service providers, Verizon Communications is one of the most successful examples of rapid expansion in the years since they first opened their doors in 1983. With 93. 2 million customers, Verizon has grown into a massive organization that continues to expand and change. These changes are a part of the organization’s plan, but are and will continue to be influenced by Internal and external factors along the way.

Organization Mission Verizon’s mission may appear simple yet to live up to this mission is no daunting ask in an industry that is rapidly changing with technology advances. They exist to provide customers with great service and communication possibilities while following their core values of integrity, respect, performance excellence, and accountability (Verizon, n. D. ). These values are expected to be followed for not only external customers but internal customers as well.

To be a leader in their industry Verizon listens to customers, embraces diversity, demonstrates honesty, takes responsibility for their actions, and pursues the highest standard in their services. Verizon’s session lays the foundation for the organizational behavior that must be accepted and demonstrated from all Verizon employees. Restructuring In early fall of 2009, Verizon announced that they were restructuring two of their business groups Into one known as Verizon Hireling.

This realigning was planned to capitalize new avenues for growth and to improve productivity according to Verizon which also moved marketing execution closer to the customer-facing operations (Verizon, 2009). The restructuring included a shift of seven executive positions. Although the announcement did not state how these shifts would affect other employees and reporting chains It is probably safe to say that the restructuring brought concern and questions to their minds.

Reporting chain of commands and Job duties would have been affected by Verizon’s restructuring. According to Shoehorning (2008), restructuring, while needed to remain competitive within an industry, creates emotional conflict. Role, interpersonal, and intercrop are other types of conflict that can occur with change. Verizon management had to plan out how to deal with the conflict that would have been a common result of their restructuring transition phase. Competition Verizon has always been a leader and an Innovator In the wireless communication industry.

But lately their sales have seen a decrease due to the popularity of Apple’s Phone and its exclusive contract with AT&T. Even though the Phone and AT&T aren’t the only competition they are the biggest for the top of the line smart phones. Other competitors in the cell phone market include T-mobile, Metro PC’S and Sprint. These companies compete by offering lower all inclusive plan rates and month to month contracts or pay as you go service. Even though these companies offer lower rates tenet coverage Is not as Drama as Verizon Ana Al& I cross the U.

S. And the world. AT&T has also been widely criticized about their coverage versus Verizon’s. When Apple released the ‘phone on June 29, 2007 it revolutionized the cell phone industry and raised the bar for all other manufacturers, but the biggest hit to the competition of carriers was that the only provider of the Phone would be AT&T. Research in Motion the maker of Blackberry and Verizon’s biggest seller launched their own version of the touch screen phone called the Storm which paled in comparison to the Phone.

Verizon started an all out aiming against AT;T and their lack of coverage for cellular use across the country which AT;T vigorously defended but seems to be true according to reports in the magazine Consumer Reports. Verizon could be on the verge of ruling the cellular industry with the impending negotiations with Apple and allowing Verizon to sell the Phone and it could be soon since Verizon is now selling the Pad. They have also seen sales rise with the ETC touch screen phone with the Android operating system that has gone toe to toe with the Phone and offers better g coverage with Verizon.

The economy has taken its Economy OLL on not only the housing market and employment but all the way down to how we live our lives on basic necessities. People have had to cut back on how they shop for groceries, cutting back or even canceling cable service and adjusting their cellular plans. This has affected Verizon by customers decreasing their plans minutes or going to a cheaper competitor that will offer the same package at a lower price.

Other carriers such as Metro PC’S and Sprint offer the same package of talk, text and data plans as Verizon for half the cost but the coverage is not as good so customers are willing to give up coverage for cost. The economy has also affected the products that Verizon sells as less people are upgrading their phones and holding on to the ones they have for longer periods of time and more people are opting for monthly contracts as opposed to lengthy 2 year contracts offered by the major carriers like Verizon and AT&T.

Every facet of our lives has been affected by the recent economy and how we communicate is one of them. Customer Demands In recent years, Verizon has become more than Just the nation’s leading wireless service provider by simply listening to customer demands and taking notice of customer’s needs. The have expanded to providing internet service, television, wireless service, and landlines service. Verizon has been the first to address our nation’s demand for bundling services to save money and to simplify lives. There are many factors that influence how Verizon handles the demands of customers.

Being that they are the nation’s leading wireless provider, the will also require a lot of support to keep customers happy. No matter what kind of service, Verizon offers customer support via phone, internet, and house calls. Customer support is available to all types of customers, residential, small business, medium genuineness, or even for enterprise & government sized accounts. The size of the organization indicates that there will always be unsatisfied customers, and in recent news many of these customers have banded together to file a lawsuit against Verizon for the monthly data plans being charged when services winner down. 0 take Acton Ana TIC ten customer service approver to Verizon customers, the organization has stated that they are in the process of De-automating their telephone systems so that customers can get to a live person more easily. As a highly publicized issue, this external factor has demanded that Verizon revamp the ay they handle customer service over the phone. Globalization Verizon’s name is not only a household name in the United States. The organization has over 300 offices in 75 countries across 6 continents of the world. There are many reasons that Verizon has chosen to take business across seas.

The most obvious influence would be an internal desire to expand and prosper as a business. The second factor that leads them to globalization is the external force of growth in need for international communication. As technology and trade evolves, the need for efficient international communication has and will continue to grow significantly. Technology influences the globalization need by the way it changes the kinds of services traded. No longer are we only exporting and importing goods from countries, with the aid of technology we are seeing an increase in service trading.

India has been the leading example of the need for organizations to communicate overseas. With the increase in out sourcing work to countries overseas, American countries need to communicate in order for the services to be unison. Although there has been a lot of debate over the quality of service provided by other countries, with the aid of Verizon this cultural hurdle can be nonexistent. Conclusion Although it is true that the organization’s mission, reconstruction, competition, the economy, fiscal policies, customers, and globalization will always influence how Verizon continues to develop, their original mission’s intentions.

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Toyota Organizational Development Leadership Issues

As I watched the hearings and read the Press Telegram, April 12, 2010 ” AP probe reveals n Toyota cases, evasion became tactic” regarding the sudden acceleration issue with several models of Toyota vehicles I would have to say it is scary to say the least. Testimony Included stories from victims of the problem – In one case, an entire family was killed. With such disastrous consequences and huge liabilities and ruining of a once great brand know for quality, it provides a platform to look at how companies, and leaders, address ethics, leadership issues and crisis. When faced with crisis, leaders need to make important decisions quickly.

That involves surveying their direct teams, and in many cases several levels below to get answers. It’s not apparent If CEO Toyota did this given the criticism they received for their slow reaction time to consumer complaints. Once a leader is engaged in addressing a critical issue, what should they do to make sure they respond adequately? Here are a few ways leaders can cope with rapidly changing circumstances: 1 . Focus on a few key elements and build a plan. Often emotional tensions are so high that seepage of minor issues explodes upward as the most important issues.

A leader has to determine critical touch points that – addressed properly – cascade down to fix other issues. It’s not the lowest hanging fruit argument, but a strategic view of the top 3-5 issues that need immediate attention. For a business this is usually shareholder and customer communication of what’s happening, operational analysis of essential work processes, and key legal considerations/regulatory interests. Toyota executives were late to the game in some of these areas. This could have reduced the level of exposure and amount of crisis to handle (e. Notifying people of other models that had the problem, etc). 2. Communicate constantly. Crisis management requires immediate updates as new information is available. To facilitate this exchange, networks need to be created that can share pertinent details to different parts of the organization and to external interests. Sometimes creating internal e-information or discussion boards helps with this process and ensures that appropriate business units are talking to each other. In the hearings, CEO Toyota said he was not aware of key meetings addressing the implants 3 Roll tongue seacoast KS. Ten ten TLS Ideas aren’t ten best – they are solutions meant to get certain actions in place. They require modification on-the-fly as the situation unfolds. These initial actions may prove to be failures or they do not capture the full scope of the problem resulting in negative backlash. Toyota thought the problem was solved with adjusting floor mats, then sticky brake pads, and now the problem appears to be in the software. While consumers were not pleased with these initial measures, Toyota has continued to signage the problem and issue offer different solutions.

Leaders often make the mistake that after pouring so much effort into initial solutions, they have to adhere to them no matter what. Toyota did this with the floor mat issue for a long time – blaming driver error if this solution was not the fix. A confident leader will accept imperfection in initial approaches and make sure the team is ready to change quickly and respond with new approaches. The leader has to stay calm and focused when this happens to avoid worsening the crisis. 4. Recognize what is working. The bright spot at the end of the tunnel can be elusive in the early going of crisis management.

Everyone is in a quagmire with moving forward so it becomes difficult to notice how solutions are taking root and reducing issues. Leaders who have created the right communication channels will be able to flag good results and use those results to strengthen ongoing efforts. This facilitates morale and shows progress against the crisis mitigation plan. Toyota made the right move to halt new car production in January which saved more potential accelerator problems from going to market. . Maintain a good pace. Leaders need to be mindful of the pressures coming from all directions to solve problems quickly and “perfectly. If a strong plan is in place, backed up by the right communication channels, and a focused team, resolution activities will eventually balance out. This has nothing to do with perception or reputation damage control – that can take much longer as Toyota is sure to experience. Pacing decisions around good solutions and re-working as needed provides a sense of ethics and crisis management. Reacting to everything all the time is chaotic and soonest endear a leader as professional and deserving of the higher position.

Leadership must maintain honesty to their team and key stakeholders at all times. They must be ready to calm nerves for weeks or months depending on the issue and never waver from a methodological and reasoned response to crisis situations. Only time will tell if Toyota is pacing their crisis management properly and what that will mean in order for them to regain global consumer confidence. In my opinion, perhaps the leadership of Toyota can implement organizational change by utilizing en of the DO theories, specifically Linen’s basic change model of unfreezing, changing, and refreezing.

This model could be used as a theoretical foundation upon which change theory with their organization could be built soundly. The key, of course, would be to see that human change, whether at the executive, individual or group level would be a profound emotional dynamic process that involved painful unlearning without loss of ego identity and difficult relearning as the company cognitively attempts to restructure its thoughts, perceptions, feelings, and attitudes.

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