Sleep

S. No| Topic| Pg no| i. | What is Confidence building? Does Confidence really come with Knowledge? | 2| ii. | How does a Shark Hunt? | 3| iii. | What efforts are being taken to protect Endangered Wildlife? | 4| iv. | What are the dangers and hazards of Nuclear Power? | 5| v. | Why do we sleep? | 6| vi. | How does Tobacco use affect the human body? | 7| vii. | What are the causes of Tornadoes? | 8| viii. | In what ways do Video Games affect children and teenagers? | 9| ix. | What is stress? | 10| x. | What are the ways to speak effectively? | 11| xi. | Pros and | 12| ii. | Which types of Shops do you use to buy different things? Why? | 13| xiii. | What is culture? Describe different types of company’s cultures. | 14| xiv. | Which is the most important Invention for the last 100 years? Which one do you wish had not been Invented? | 15| Table of content Descriptive Essay What is Confidence building? Does Confidence really come with Knowledge? Confidence is a positive feeling gained from a belief in your own ability of to do things well. Very few people succeed in building up their confidence level. When we born we cry because we are afraid of this world.

It means that nobody is born with confidence. We have to develop our own confidence. It is not easy as it seems. There is a certain age at which the growing level of confidence stops working. Many of people failed in building up their own confidence (Adrian MacKay). Those who are self-confident about themselves have a strong sense of belief. Self-confidence is connected with possessing of certain skill sets or abilities, whether it is acquired or natural. While having ability in a particular area can help you to boost yourself. Someone who has no capability of doing something is always lack of confident (Coles).

A person who is lack of self-confidence has a lack of self-belief in them. Lack in yourself comes when you feel insecure about something like place or with the audience you are facing. A person behaves like overly shy, having fear in themselves, forget what to talk about, start shivering and feel uncomfortable when they are lack of confidence. People with low self-confidence always stay away from other peoples. They have a limited mind set and their behavior changes unexpectedly. This lack of self-confidence puts them in a nonstop life cycle that reinforces their state of self-belief (Coles). Knowledge and confidence are two different things.

Without confidence, knowledge is worthless. And without knowledge, confidence is useless. If we have to face the world so we have to combine our knowledge and confidence. Those people who are not able to combine their knowledge and confidence won’t have the chance to survive (Stephen Hetherington). Confidence and knowledge is the most powerful weapon of a person. If anyone knows how to use it so he can live on his life in an easy way. Even to become a successful man a particular person has to go through many difficulties and have to keep struggling. A lose hearted person always think about his past and afraid to move on again.

So if anyone wants to become a successful man he has to build up his confidence. References Adrian MacKay Coles Stephen Hetherington Descriptive Essay How does a Shark Hunt? Shark is a large and sometimes aggressive sea fish with a triangular fin on its back. They live in ocean but not in freezing areas like ANTARCTICA. To survive in water, they need salty water. They are mostly found in between the deep oceans. They cannot change their places like other species do. Some sharks use to live in natural environments. While other sharks’ like to live in dark, cold, rocky and sandy areas.

Sharks use to travel to a long distances in seek of warmer and cooler areas where they can give birth to their babies in a year (Bobbie Kalmar, Molly Alien). The bodies of sharks are made of same parts but not all. As compare to other sharks they don’t have same size, shape and color. There are two types of shark bodies “Active Swimmers and Bottom Dwellers”. Those sharks who are “Active Swimmers” have their body in a shape that allows them to move with quick, easy movements in water with the help of powerful fins. And those sharks that are “Bottom Dwellers” have wide and horizontal bodies (Bobbie Kalmar, Molly Alien).

There are many kinds of sharks in which three of them are a lot bigger. They are “White, basking and whale sharks”. The white sharks are 12 feet long and 4 meter large. Whereas basking sharks are 40 feet long and 12 meters large. And whale sharks are 50 feet long and 15 meters large. They can be compared as to school bus. So you can think how much bigger things they use to eat. But these three sharks eat only small fishes like Krill, which is not bigger than your finger (Mary M. Carlo). People usually fear from sharks because they think that sharks can eat them with their jaws by crushing and tearing them a part.

Sharks use jaws to attack their enemies. But they don’t use them to attack humans. They never make humans as a target for their food. To sharks, humans look to them as a seal. So, only small number of sharks attacks humans. Sharks have sensitive nostrils that can track down a bleeding fish that may be far away from them of ocean (Christina Wilson). Sharks are the natural gift given by Allah to us. They are the natural beauty of sea. They live in a deep silent ocean. And can be of different size or color or shape. They can hunt any fish or human. They are harmful but it doesn’t mean that we just finish them off.

Sharks cannot stop hunting because it’s in their nature. So we enjoy by making aquarium for sharks. Or we can watch them so we can understand that how they live in their world. References Bobbie Kalmar, Molly Alien Mary M. Carlo Christina Wilson Descriptive Essay What efforts are being taken to protect Endangered Wildlife? Wildlife is about all animals, birds and insects that naturally inhabit a particular region. In the wildlife history in U. S. A, several of Bison were killed, just to clear the grasslands. This dangerous situation of Bison disturbed the public because they were the only largest mammals in U. S.

A. But all hoofed mammals were completely removed from the larger areas to their original places in 1800s. In the east, there is no evidence about it that how many of them were searched out and destroyed completely by hunters (Brian Czech, Paul R. Kraus man, Center for American Places). Animals surely get diseases due to changes in environment or weather. Those animals which were used to export may have diseases in them. So they were kept in isolation, away from other animals to cure them from diseases. But those animals which were illegally moved from one country to another may carry diseases and not be cured.

Some diseases include a large risk of life that they can finish numerous of animals. Like in Tasmania, half world’s mammals were killed by certain disease. These mammals were only found in Tasmania. Later on, scientists have discovered that those diseases that are new or moved into different areas of cities or countries are also effecting humans like HIV/AIDS, etc. (Jeanne Nagle). To save wildlife, U. S. Congress in 1973, passed the Endangered Species Act (ESA) which was reauthorized in 1988. The purpose of the (ESA) is to save wildlife species from human dangerous actions.

To protect the species and their particular area where they live, all endangered plants and animals were listed by the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). In spite of the fact (USFWS) is a part of the department. It had played an important role in conservation of wildlife (Marshall Cavendish Corporation). U. S. Congress decides to take a step of recovery for wildlife animals. The aim is to recover all animals so the protection will be no longer needed in the future. But the main problem was that it will take long time. And due to some factors loss cannot be recovered.

But due to joint efforts of USFWS and other agencies they have succeeded in their recovery process. They have stopped the loss of wildlife animals by recovering 99% of animals in the world. Only less than 1% is left that have been listed from 1968 to 1993 that no longer exists (Marshall Cavendish Corporation). In this world, USFWS have managed to save the wildlife animals. But some of them were lost due to our irresponsibility. So it’s time that we also participate in this Endangered Species Act (ESA) with U. S. A. government. Try to protect them from any harm. Watch them to see how they live. Learn about them as much as we can.

Tell others about them. Join USFWS and give money to help wildlife species. And to protect them and ourselves form any disease we have to take them to doctor for regular checkup. References Brian Czech, Paul R. Kraus man, Center for American Places Jeanne Nagle Marshall Cavendish Corporation Cause and Effect Essay What are the dangers and hazards of Nuclear Power? The misuse of nuclear power was started in 1933. A scientist name Hungarian physicist Leo Szilard made a theory of splitting the atoms to make a chain reaction. He said that by splitting the atoms into chain reaction can release energy that can cause an explosion.

In early research, elements of atoms which are naturally unstable were discovered by scientists. These elements act in a process in which they keep changing and sending streams out called Radioactivity. So scientists discovered that these flying particles can be used as tiny missiles by splitting them in several parts. And that’s how invention of bombs was started (Susan M. Freese). Nuclear weapons were used in Second World War on the Japanese in August 1945, while ending the Second World War. This nuclear explosion set a dangerous example of world war. Because it makes people aware about the coming Modern World War.

Due to such powerful bombs humanity becomes unsafe. First the atom bombs were the only most dangerous weapon but now a bomb more powerful than atom bomb has been invented. Although it is too much small but it can cause great damage to humanity (Bernard L. Cohen, Sc. D. Professor at the University of Pittsburgh). In Russia 1986, a powerful nuclear bomb was exploded. This bomb realized the most dangerous rays in atmosphere. Several of peoples died in this attack. And many of them were died due to cancer because of radiation that was spread into the atmosphere. Nuclear weapons contains waste disposal with them.

They can kill people when they touch them. That’s why they cannot be thrown like ordinary garbage. So they are stored in special cooling pools (Bianca Arista). In today’s world, 16 countries depend on their nuclear power in which France is on the number one. Nuclear energy has become inexpensive that anybody can buy it and use it for making bombs and other nuclear weapons. Nuclear power can cause many different changes in the environment like can have effects on human health. In the near future, it is expected to be cheaper than before (Chaves Jason). The use of nuclear energy nowadays has become too much common.

As well as their price are also decreasing. In some countries the rate of crime is increasing day by day. When the nuclear energy start to split it causes a serious damage to earth because of which a natural disaster called earthquake happen. There is no stop to these hazardous powers. But scientists are working on to stop this danger of nuclear power so that they can remove risk of insecurity from people minds. References Susan M. Freese Bernard L. Cohen, Sc. D. Professor at the University of Pittsburgh Bianca Arista Chaves Jason Cause and Effect Essay Why do we sleep? Sleep is necessary for our health.

Our body needs rest like it need water, food and oxygen. Humans are not machines. They work 12 hours so they need rest. Even a machine needs to take some rest after 7-8 hours. Many of scientists research on this topic that “Why do we need sleep? ” . Researches have shown to us that when we sleep our body parts which are in pain gets rest (James A. Horne). Whenever we wake up we have more strength and feel better than before. So sleep makes us stronger. While if we won’t get some sleep, our head or body start to pain or we will begin to sleep in a standing or in a sitting position.

People need 8 hours to sleep. 8 hours are max for sleep. If a person is getting a sleep 4-5 hours he or she will start confusing, become absentminded and see illusions (Mary L. Gavin, MD). Human brains carries two phase with them. REM (Rapid Eye Movement) and NREM (Non-Rapid Eye Movement) sleep. These two phases have physiological, neurological and psychological structures. In 1960s, two scientists defined a characteristic of sleep. They said that eight hour sleep will give you 5 sleep cycles. They also mentioned that that NREM cycles become smaller and REM sleep rises (Rebecca turner).

Lack of sleepiness can cause our brain damages. There is a part of brain which works to control language, memory, planning and sense of time. If we don’t sleep, it will definitely have an effect on that part of our mind. And it doesn’t affect only on that part of our mind but also make us lack of physical and emotional health. In fact sicknesses like if we keep wide-awake our self, our brain starts to blackout and we start to feel doze (Alex West comb, Andrew Green). When we start to sleep our half body between 90-110 minutes is awake and half is as in sleeping position. In this situation, we can get up easily.

But after 90-110 minutes, our muscles starts to relax and our body start to sleep. During sleep, if we entered the stage of deep sleep so we usually have some night terrors or sleep walking problems. But some children during a deep sleep get bed-wetting problems (Carlos H. Scheck, M. D. , Carlos Scheck). Sleeping is healthy for our body. It gives lots of benefits to us. A good sleep can keep you out of risks. Even avoiding 1 night sleep can make you kind of bad-tempered and awkward. After 5-6 days you will get health problems like illness, headaches and pain in muscles etc.

So get some sleep to get ready for next day with more strength and power. References James A. Horne Mary L. Gavin, MD Rebecca turner Alex West comb, Andrew Green Carlos H. Scheck, M. D. , Carlos Scheck Cause and Effects Essay How does Tobacco use affect the human body? Tobacco is made from dried nicotine-rich leaves found in American plant, used for smoking and chewing. Tobacco was not so popular when it was first made. Its journey begins in 1600 from “BRAZIL”. It was then given in “ENGLAND” and then to “TURKEY” and so on. In England 1602, an anonymous doctor wrote “tobacco is bad for human health.

It evaporates man’s unctuous and radical moistures”. And it was proved later that what doctor said, was true (Gene Barrio). There are many types of tobacco like, cocaine, hallucinate, nicotine, etc. They are spreading in human’s body with each and every sip they inhale. Inhaling tobacco damage human lungs and make human weak and unhealthy. It reduces human strength and making him addicted to it (Fowler, J. S; Volker, N. D. ). Tobacco plant “NICOTINE” is a main reason of deaths that are happing in this world. It cause more damage than any others herb. Nicotine contains the most dangerous poisonous oily liquid found in tobacco.

As it has a bad effect on human health. At present, 3 million peoples are dying daily by the use of nicotine and if it continues so in the near future 2030, 10 million people will die annually (Fowler, J. S; Volker, N. D. ). Another plant of tobacco is “HALLUCINATE”. It makes a person to see something which is not actually there. After using it, it makes you aware of somebody’s existence which is not real and doesn’t belong to the physical world. Some examples of it are “DESERT MIRAGE”, or a “SOUND” we might have just heard. It also makes a person that everything around him is moving or revolving (Court JA).

Third plant of tobacco is cocaine. It is an “addictive stimulant drug obtained from the leaves of a tropical plant”. This drug is self-administrated in several ways. Many people abuse it by snorting it thorough there nasal sinuses, either alone or with heroin (speedball) mixing in it. It’s another method of administration, which produces its effects more quickly is “smoking it in with the form of cocaine” (Court JA). In today’s world, tobacco is like a serious problem. People die every day without knowing the cause. And if they know its disadvantage so they don’t know how to stop it.

Because it makes them relax, makes them feel what they want to feel. Some people takes these drugs because they want to forget something that happened in their past. I suggest that if we don’t stop now, so in the future there will be no human left on this planet. References Gene Barrio Fowler, J. S; Volker, N. D. Court JA Cause and Effect Essay What are the causes of Tornadoes? Tornadoes are a violent rotating wind storm. They create most powerful winds on the Earth and are capable of destroying anything that comes in their way. A tornado is formed when high and low pressure dash together.

There may be local storms too. A typical tornado can be 400-500 feet wide with less than a 1000 thousand feet long and has winds less than 112 miles per hour. Whereas strong tornadoes are a mile wide with strongest winds more than 300-700 miles per hour and can survive more than an hour or 200 miles travelling along with the ground, smashing everything. (Seymour Simon) There are many types of tornadoes like hurricane, storm and typhoon. Hurricane and typhoon have the 200-300 mph speed of winds. Storms that give rise to these tornadoes can cause numerous damages by ruining crops, or throwing things own to the ground at high speed. A biggest rock was found in Coffeyville, Kansas, on September 3, 1970; weighted 1. 67 pounds and was 17. 5 inched around, which was thrown by a storm lifting it above in the sky and then threw it from the sky at high speed (Howard B. Bluestein; Professor of Metrology University of Oklahoma). Many peoples have gone inside these tornadoes but only some of them were able to survive. On June 16, 1928, a man named Will Keller survived the tornado. He said that a twister approached his Kansas farm, Keller saw that something lift him over the ground and move slowly over his head.

He reported that “It was a strong, gassy odor . . . a screaming hissing sound . . . I looked up . . . there was a circular opening in the center of the funnel. . . The walls of this opening were of rotating clouds and the whole was made brilliantly visible by constant flashes of lightning which zigzagged from side to side” (Joe Thorn) Later on there are some rules made for providing safety from tornadoes. Those rules for the safety from tornadoes are there must be a basement in house or a building. Or move to small interior room and get under the sturdy piece of furniture.

Put as many walls as possible between you and outside. Stay away from windows. Get out of automobiles for shelter (Barry Leonard). There are many safety rules made for these tornadoes. Warnings were also given by forecasters. But these warnings or safety rules cannot save our lives. There is no perfect rule made up till now. But in the future there is. References Seymour Simon Howard B. Bluestein; Professor of Metrology University of Oklahoma Joe Thorn Barry Leonard Cause and Effect Essay In what ways do Video Games affect children and teenagers? Video games are the games played on a television screen.

In the history of video games, the first game which was launched in “1958” is known as “TENNIS”. It was created by “William Higginbotham”. In 1972, another game was launched known as “PONG” which opened the doors for the future games. It was invented by Nolan Bushnell and Ted Danby. In 1975, a game name “GUN FIGHTER” was released by Tomohiro Nishikado. It was a shooter game. This game opened the doors for America. America uses this game for the Intel 8080 and made it a first game which is used on a microprocessor (By D. B. Weston). After 1990s the changes were made in video games and were continued.

Later on, they has emerged computing, art work, 3d effects, graphics and some realistic photographic work by bringing them together. They made crime emerged including highway hijacking, mortal combat, etc. New technologies (games system) take place with improved graphics, speed, increased in CD-ROM capacity, etc. In 1995, it was observed that in homes more than 40% of children demand new games. Then computer games were started to make on a large scale using more machineries. Games started to fill with horror and terrifying imaginaries (By Barrie Gunter). Young generation starts to become addicted to these video games.

With the improvement in video games children start to seem lack in other activities. Young boys and as well as adults were also become a part of it. They were cashed using them to play these games. Different types of areas opened in which games were played. These games started to increase sale. Billions of games were sold in just one second. People start to love this. Because these games make them happy, feel them more excited. But somehow disadvantages were also seen. These games were making young people angrier. They start to become easily annoyed or irritate (By Barrie Gunter).

Another disadvantage was these games cause effects on human health. Medical reports have shown that players are suffering from many diseases. According to Loftus (1983), young generations were having continuous or long lasting dull pains in their body. Those games in which analogs were used cause effects on skin, joint and muscle problems. When Loftus examined 65% of arcade video games players, they were suffering with “small bubbles on skin, fingers were filled with thickened and hardened skin, pain in their tissues and were having lack of feeling, thinking, reactions powers” (Barrie Gunter).

Video games are harmful for children because they start to neglect from doing educational, social and leisure activities. They start to believe in imaginary world. Always think about something which doesn’t exist in this real world. To stop them from using video games is to involve them in other activities. Make them to participate in social life activities so that they can use their minds in right activity. References D. B. Weston Barrie Gunter Cause and Effect Essay What is stress? Stress is the body’s reaction to any change that requires an adjustment or response.

The body reacts to these changes with physical, mental, and emotional responses. Many events that happen to you and around you and many things that you do yourself put stress on your body. You can experience stress from your environment, your body, and your thoughts. Stress can be positive. For example, if a person is going to school for first time. So he will be excited but also nervous about being liked or accepted. As a result, a person gets frightened or nervous. Stress becomes negative. For example, if a person moves to new school leaving his good friends.

As a result, a person gets headaches or stomachaches (Susan Gregson). Stress can lead to physical symptoms including heart attack/strokes, ulcers, diabetes, angina, cancer and rheumatoid arthritis. Physical disorders like anxiety and depression, including break down (Stephen Palmer). Human body was designed to respond “short-term” stress. A chronic effect can cause many problems on human body, including all kinds of illnesses, syndromes, signs and symptoms (Kate Middleton). Stress also becomes harmful when people use alcohol, tobacco, or drugs to try and relieve their stress.

Unfortunately, instead of relieving the stress and returning the body to a relaxed state, these substances tend to keep the body in a stressed state and cause more problems. Over 323,000 people are using heroin and 1. 67 million people are using cocaine in United States because of stress (Ray Goldberg). Stress has become the most serious problem now a day. Many people are disturbed because of it. There is no solution to this problem. Everyday overburden can cause a person into many diseases. So the only solution to this problem is that take only that much work which you can handle by yourself.

And try to keep yourself calm. References Susan Gregson Kate Middleton Ray Goldberg Stephen Palmer Narrative Essay What are the ways to speak effectively? Effective communication is a skill which you can learn. It doesn’t matter how old you are? Or which kind of background you have? If you have confidence and knowledge you can learn it easily. An effective speaking gives a pleasurable effect to listeners. When you look back in history you can see the effectiveness of their dialogue. For example you can read the speech of the Great Martin Luther, who set out a great example of humanity (Sheryl Lind sell-Roberts).

I can share experience of my university. It was the first day of my university when I entered my class room. I see that some of my class fellows were new and some of them were old friends. I introduce myself to new class fellows and as for the old one I reintroduced myself reminding them about our past class. I call my class fellows with their name so that I can remember them. I stand up when someone introduce himself to me, talk to them in good way and ask them about their past experience. Then at the end of my conversation I say good bye to all (Brain Tracy’s Blog).

I remember when I was on the ground floor having fun with my class fellows. I saw a student who was looking similar to me but I couldn’t remember his name. As a result, I wasn’t able to call his name but when I talked to him he told me that he was my school friend. It was the awkward moment for me because I don’t forget anyone. At that day, I promise myself that I will never forget anyone’s name. After that next day when everyone knows about each other, conversation becomes easier. If I want to talk to someone I get his attention first. Facing them and having an eye contact with them makes my message clearer (John A.

Kline). Shaking hands before talk give a good impression on someone. I remember that when I was called by administrator in his office to change the card. As I entered the room I greet him without shaking hand. Thus, it gives a wrong impression. So I have to keep it remember that if I meet to someone always shake hand with him first (Jean Bordeaux). These are the effective communication skills that a person needs. This will also help you in your journey. All you need is confidence and knowledge like me. I accept that I had made some mistakes too but it doesn’t make me a bad speaker.

So start practicing it to have some new experience in your life. References Sheryl Lind sell-Roberts Brain Tracy’s Blog John A. Kline Jean Bordeaux Narrative Essay Pros and Cons of Teamwork Teamwork needs the organized effort as a group. Teamwork needs the participation of all members in the activity. Without participation team work is useless. To do teamwork all members must be connected with one another so they can communicate. And if one of the team members was informed late or doesn’t get the information at all. So he or she can get all of the other team members into trouble (Price Pritchett).

Three years back, I and my team members got a project on “Govt. vs. public”. So I and my team members decided that we will start our search on project next day. Next day in the morning, my whole group was sitting together. They were having a discussion on the project that from where did they start their search? At 8:00 A. M. I come 2 hours late on that day. Although the ideas were too many in mind but I was confused that what should be the perfect idea? But when I shared my ideas with my team members, so some of them worked (Price Pritchett). The first idea of mine was to separate my team members into 2 groups.

Group A will research on the role of Government. And group B will have a search on role of public. The second idea of mine was to give these 2 groups eras from 1951-2010. These eras were divided into 2 “1951-1981 and 1982-2010”. From 1951-1981 was given to the Group A. And the era from 1982-2010 was given to the Group B (Price Pritchett). We have almost 20 days left to complete our search. Search was completed in 12 days. Now we got only 8 days left to practice. So, I went to the teacher to share my idea. She said that I can make group to sit in front of each other and then have the discussion.

ButIdidn’t agree with that idea of my teacher because on that day we have 1 hour and 30 minutes to talk on that topic. And if we continuously keep talking on one topic so audience will surely get bored. I start thinking and came up with an idea that if I can make a play on that topic, audience will take interest in it (Peter Levin). I and my team members practiced it every day 7-8 hours. I was having a watch on all team members. Because if one of our team members will not participate in group presentation. All what we have done would be for nothing. At last, on that day our play takes an interesting start.

My team members were seemed to be very confident on that day. As I thought, audiences were getting into it. And in the end, teacher and everybody who were presented on that day like our role play (Peter Levin). Teamwork is a skill which requires bravery and wisdom. Only a hard worker can lead a team to success. It needs a lot of courage to lead a team like I have done by understanding and making them believe in their selves. References Price Pritchett Peter Levin Narrative Essay Which types of Shops do you use to buy different things? Why? Shopping is a part of our life because they fulfill our needs.

To do shopping you have to go shopping malls. Shopping malls in today’s world are huge. They deliver us everything that we want. Majority of people use to come at weekends like me. Shopping malls sometimes become congested. You can find thousands of shops in just one shopping mall with food and ice-cream shops, theater for movie and play land for children etc. I usually go on shopping with my family. Whenever I go to any shopping mall I use to enjoy myself (Anna Schiff). I and my family go to shopping malls because we get each and every single thing in just one place.

And it’s the main advantage. I use to buy branded clothes from showrooms in the malls. Another reason that I use to go shopping malls is that they attract so much. Special arrangements are made like expensive tiles, ponds, fresh flowers, lift, moving stairs, cleaned floors, sitting area for rest and lights give such an impressive view to me that I don’t want to come out (Michelle Gonzalez). There are lots of movies in theater ready to play. All we just have to do is select a movie and buy tickets for it. We usually came to theater after when shopping is finished.

But my brother starts arguing with me. Whenever we come to shopping mall, he used to say “I want to go before the shopping”. Actually he wants all the fun before we can start shopping so he can have more time to play. He always spends money in play land in buying coins to play games in fun land (Cora Molinari). I used to visit mobile shops. I love mobiles because of their advance technology as well as impressive looks. Mobiles are the most advance technology ever created in world. New inventions like, touch screen, notebook, android mobiles are available. I want touch and android mobile.

Whenever I go to shopping mall I ask my father to buy me a new mobile (Kim France, Andrea Linnet). Shopping malls have become expensive in these days. There is the main reason for it. Sometimes I think that even there is one place left in world where there is no issue of money? Where people are free to buy anything for them at low price? But I can only imagine all of this. So I suggest that always have fun in your life. And if you are not able to buy something from shopping malls so go to shops. References Anna Schiff Michelle Gonzalez Cora Molinari Kim France, Andrea Linnet Compare and Contrast Essay

What is culture? Describe different types of company’s cultures. A culture is the arts, customs, and institutions of a nation, people, or group. But when we are talking about company culture it is different from the other cultures. It’s about what you have learned from those things which you practice there with other employee’s? Company Culture is entirely different from the hospital culture and university culture. We can understand the culture of company by looking it (Mats Elverson, Per Olaf Berg). There are two types of company culture “Corporate culture and Organizational Culture”.

In Corporate Culture some people states that it is something which describe a business. But the other people view is that it includes employee arrogance, morals, finances and services. In Organizational Culture some people declares that it is about the way in which we do things around business. Whereas others people says that it is about something to do with the superiority and elegance of employees or those people who are there (Mats Elverson, Per Olaf Berg). Organizational Culture types are creating, collaborating, controlling and compete (Cameron, Kim S. and Quinn, Robert).

However, Corporate Culture types are core, aspirational, permission-to-play and accidental (Mary J. Davis). The first type of Organization is creating in which people says “having organization highlighting with the change, alteration and organic processes of culture” (Cameron, Kim S. and Quinn, Robert). But in Corporate Culture first type which was core it says “it is more about values that are untouchable and acutely fixed with the ideologies that lead an employer’s” (Mary J. Davis). Rendering the second type of Organization Culture is control (hierarchy).

It says that to share connections with the conventionally large, administrative corporation (Cameron, Kim S. and Quinn, Robert). Nevertheless second Corporate Culture type “aspirational” it says that those values that a company needs to succeed (Mary J. Davis). According to the third type of Organizational Culture is “compete (market)”. It is related to relationships, transactions, suppliers, unions, etc. (Cameron, Kim S. and Quinn, Robert). But in the Corporate Culture type “permission to play” it relates with lowest negotiating that reflects morals required of any employee (Mary J.

Davis). In the fourth type of Organizational Culture which is collaborating. It says that it is more about accentuating suppleness and decision rather than constancy and mechanism of Control and Compete (Cameron, Kim S. and Quinn, Robert). On the other hand the fourth type of Corporative Culture style which is accidental. It says that it can hold the time when beliefs rise (Mary J. Davis). We have discussed two Cultures of a company in detail with their types. So now they depend on person choice that weather he wants to apply Organizational Culture or Corporate Culture in his company.

An Organizational culture can bring changes to the policies while a Corporative Culture brings physical changes in people only. References Mats Elverson, Per Olaf Berg Cameron, Kim S. and Quinn, Robert Mary J. Davis Compare and Contrast Essay Which is the most important Invention for the last 100 years? Which one do you wish had not been Invented? Science and Technology are changing this world day by day. It brings such a fast change in human life that it doesn’t only change the way of thinking but it also changes human’s life style, educational systems, etc.

Science and technology have taught us the way to live our life. It has made our work easy by giving us the technology of machines One machine can do a work of hundred human’s within a second. For example, for fastest growth in agriculture new kinds of seeds, sprays, tractors are used. For fastest transportation trains, ships, air planes, cars, bikes are used. For fastest communication internet, mobiles are used. But the main role is played by computers. As everybody know that computers are the most common and fastest technology used in every home (P. Day). Computers are necessary in today’s life.

Without computer we can’t survive. People in the past have a lot of problems with them. Like in the past the people were disturbed with the use of animal skin, feather, grains, pens, inks, papers and chalk. But now we have to use nothing because of computers we can get all those in just one place. Calculation was the most serious problem in the past. Computer helps us to solve this problem. In bank all electronic fund transferring, maintaining of customer’s account, credits cards, bills payment, transactions, updating of account, are all carried by computer(Gary B.

Shelly, Misty E. Vermont). Mobile phone are the another technology as gift of the science. As compared to computers the use of mobile are also common. In past time sometimes you forget your watch. So mobile helped to remove the wristwatch because you can forget your watch but cannot forget your mobile. It acts like your dairy. You can put as much notes as you want. You can call anyone at any time. It’s give you reminder which helps you to wake up in the morning. Calculator and other extra options are also given to make your work easier.

But mobiles now a day are creating problems (Adam Burgess). Cell phones are the part of everyday life for many people. Children, teenagers and adults have different kinds of uses of it. Adults use to stay in touch with business contact. But children, teenagers use to talk or send messages which are not necessary at the moment. In fact, if somebody has a nonstop use of it so they can cause headaches, brain tumors and other effects on health. Even international research has shown to us that mobile phones are damaging to health in the short or long term (George L.

Carlo, Polly Thibodaux). Science and technology holds the advantages as well as disadvantages too. It may have transformed our life in modern life. Improve our way of living, public welfares, health and security. Brought many changes in our life but it has also made our life short. It has health effects like tiny size, minor the age, cause us stress, pain in eye, etc. So we can hope from science and technology for better future but not a safe future. References P. Day Gary B. Shelly, Misty E. Vermont Adam Burgess George L. Carlo, Polly Thibodaux

Salina Vang Narrative Description-FFD Mr. Henshaw APELC 8 June 2011 Walking Down Memory Lane Park Whenever I think of Projects Park it brings back many memories because it was in the neighborhood where I spent my childhood years. Even though it was just for a small portion of my life, for one of the longest times it was the place where I had the best memories of courageous acts. Project Park was where I experienced the feeling of always being around others my age and it where I met the coolest people and made the best friendships, some of whom I am still friends with today.

It was the place where at that point in time I lived my life to the fullest. Projects Park was located in isolation on its own block at the very end of the road. During the daytime children from all over the neighborhood came to play with their family and friends, me included. However when the sun went down night crept in turning the sky an ominous shade of antiquity and along with it, it brought creatures of the night to roam among the site. One evening upon entrance to the park I remembered the story someone once told me, “one could see the glare of two floating red eyes following those who meandered around the park at night. Rejecting the thought, but still a bit superstitious I entered the park anyways. As the sun went down it created an illusion as if the shadows were waking up from their dark crevices. I was standing at the foot of a shadow from a tall tree towering over me. The sun setting turned those tree-branches into arms grazing along the cement seeming as if they wanted to grab me. At the further end of the block a tall street lamppost lit up a dim fire dull enough just to see the path of the park. Night had come and it was so quiet my eardrums hurt and ever step I took sent chills down my body.

As I approached the swings I noticed the echoes of my footsteps had just suddenly started lasting longer than they should have. I took another step with my left foot, stopped, and then heard the brisk echo of another step after that. Looking down at my left foot, it was exactly where I had left it, somehow, the long echoed steps had not stopped, but were now storming towards me faster and louder than ever like a violent beating thunderstorm. Immediately, I turned around and in that instant, it stopped, a split second of dead silence. Something was definitely wrong.

I felt like a hole had been punched right through me sending waves of fear down my back making my hair stand at their ends. My sudden instincts told me to approach the swings for comfort. However I remembered that I had caught seeing a swing move on its own accord before; as if someone was riding on its seat. The feeling of terror, noticeably aroused in my appearance by now, made me want to run for the wide open field. The open field was the highly vivid field of wherein games were held because of its noticeable boundaries of where the green grass ended and the sharp concrete cement began.

Now after dark, it seemed to lay awaiting and full of hunger for something to step onto its surface so it could suck them into its dark ruptured depths. It, during the daytime acted as a virtuous grass field wherein competition took its place. It was the place in the park where cries of victories could be heard and where one could also seek for rivalry. Suddenly just filled with thoughts of competition I was overcome with memories and had forgotten about the dark surrounding me. One of the games always played was Kick the Can.

This game’s boundary took up the whole neighborhood allowing for a lot of space. It was one of my favorite games because there was always one person “it”. Their goal was to spot every other player and try to get them out, at the same time, guarding the base containing the can. However with one person on one team and everyone else on the rivalry team it created several disadvantages. Players on the team with more people crouched between slits in the earth and hid within the shadows waiting for that intense moment when their rival finally looked away.

At last with the opportunity they jumped out of their hiding places running as fast as their legs could carry them for the chance to “kick the can. ” It was the only way to free all of their teammates from jail. Moreover for me personally the best part was being the person hiding from the rival. I loved the feeling of running from the enemy, acting like I was a ninja hiding against walls, climbing up trees, and maneuvering my way behind fences to escape the chance of being caught.

At the time, I thought it was the perfect space for me to roam around freely and still feel comfortable and safe because most of the people living in the neighborhood were friendly and didn’t mind the company. Unfortunately, there were those who disliked it and I did my best to avoid them. One again acknowledging my surroundings, I built up the courage to keep walking along the path as if everything was normal. I recalled the best of times shared here in this park with my friends, where we had our best of times playing, talking and sharing our amazing made up stories of us coming together to be a complete family.

It was also the place where we all learned how to ride our first bike and to ride our first roller blades after falling on our hands and knees countless times but getting up repeatedly to try all over again. Now walking along the path I remember the time when one of my best childhood friends, Michael Cheng, the cute little boy who secretly held a crush on me, chased me along the path while I ran for my life from the despair of being hugged and at risk of being contaminated with “boy cooties”, and it made me laugh. Sadly I regret that I no longer keep in contact with Michael.

If I could go back to the day he moved away, I wouldn’t even think twice about asking him for a contact number. With the feelings of fear, courage, and sadness all mixed within me, I felt crossed. Then looking back at the path I had just walked and up towards the now barely visible tree that seemed to be taunting me before, I had one last thought before I left the park that night. Standing under the dim light post, I remembered Michael, the boy who I had been running so horridly from; it had happened that he was the first boy who I had ever received my first hug from.

With that flashback, it gave my stomach the faint distinct feeling of rapture evanesce that left me with a bright hint of a smile on my face as I walked away from memory lane park. Today, even though I no longer live in the neighborhood of Projects Park, whenever I visit the place, there is still a part of me that can connect to the park, making it feel like home. I’m thankful that I still keep in contact with a couple friends from the neighborhood and usually, whenever we get together, we can still go on for hours telling each other about our lives of growing up together in the projects.

Sadly, I don’t keep in contact with most of my friends from the hood any longer. We have been separated by hundreds and thousands of miles far and wide, but, there is one thing I know we all still have in common, the family connection we had within Projects Park that will never be forgotten. In fact, to me, it feels just like yesterday that I was little kid, out freely roller skating, carelessly chasing friends, and enjoying my life to its fullest.

According to the research of Dr. James B. Maas, 40% of Americans (100 million people) are moderately to severely sleep-deprived! High school and college students are among the most sleep deprived people in our population. 60% are sleepy during the day and 30% fall asleep in class at least once a week. The average person needs at least seven to nine hours of sleep every night but Many people do not get the sleep they need because their schedules don’t allow adequate time for it and they do not know the negative effects lack of sleep can have on their health and functioning. Today I’m going to inform you on the effects lack of sleep has on our body such as depression, premature skin aging, and Obesity.

Shown in a 1997 study by researchers at the University of Pennsylvania, people who slept less than five hours a night for seven nights felt stressed, sad, and mentally exhausted. Over time, lack of sleep can contribute to the symptoms of depression because Depression results from serotonin imbalance, which regulates mood and sleep.

Next I mentioned premature skin aging. When you don’t get enough sleep, your body releases more of the stress hormone called cortisol. In excess amounts, cortisol can break down skin collagen, the protein that keeps skin smooth and elastic, hence premature wrinkles occur with in the skin.

Last but not least, weight gain. Lack of sleep increases hunger and appetite. According to a 2004 study by Phil Berman and colleagues, people who sleep less than six hours a day were almost 30 percent more likely to become obese than those who slept seven to nine hours. Not only does sleep loss appear to stimulate appetite, but it stimulates cravings for high-fat and high-carbohydrate foods.

To conclude, sleep is a very important key factor to our daily performance. Lack of sleep leads to unwanted conditions like I mentioned depression, premature skin aging, and excessive obesity. Although we all have very busy schedules, there is no way that everyone in this room cant dedicate 7 to 9 hours out of the 24 hours there is in a day to sleep.

. My company is in Longtan Science Park. I live in Nan Kan. It’s a little far from my company and I have to drive a car to company every day. I get up at 7:00 a. m. and next I will try to wake my daughter up after ten minutes’ shower and set the television to cartoons in order to have her attention and it is painful to let her awaken during that time. I send my daughter to her kindergarten before I send my wife to the bus stop to take bus to Taipei. Then I buy breakfast at McDonald’s drive-through and finally get on he highway to company, it’s about 8 o’clock usually.

I arrive at company after 30 minutes’ drive. After a short break to catch my breath, I wipe my desk firstly and turn on my computer to check the emails for a while. Second, I go pantry room to have a cup of coffee before the weekly meeting at 10 o’clock and in general, the meeting will not finish until lunch time and it always depress me on Monday morning. I come back to work at 1:30 after taking a lunch break and my work ends at 5:30 p. m.

Then I go home and spend a good time with my family except for Tuesday and Wednesday due to learning English in Trinity. I will turn on the air condition as soon as I arrive home and then I hasten restroom to wash my daughter’s hands and myself. My daughter starts to watch TV at 8:30 and it’s hard to extract her from it until 9 o’clock. Later I commence to review her lessons and it takes me half hour. Then I wheedle her into sleep and she falls asleep by 10 o’clock. I have my private time after she gets to sleep and ometimes I go internet and kill time and I go to bed at 12 finally.

Daily life is almost the same and unchangeable on weekdays but I live a life of diverseness on weekends. I will not get up until 10 o’clock and after that I go brunch with my wife and daughter. We will tour by car or go for an outing somewhere to enjoy our vacation in the afternoon and then go to a restaurant to taste delicacies with family love and joy. I think I am the happiest father in the world as soon as I see the fulfilled smiles of my daughter at that time.

Running head: WHAT IS THE EFFECT OF LACK OF SLEEP ON A COLLEGE STUDENT’S BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR Gilbert and Weaver (2010) examined the sleep quality with academic performance with university students, whether it is complete sleep deprivation or poor sleep quality. This study was to determine if lack of sleep or having poor sleep value in non-demoralized college students were related to the low academic routine. The author’s expectations were to find the relationship between the student’s environment and lifestyle with their sleep patterns and the force it has on their educational performance.

Within the study the authors found that being able to have good sleep patterns and quality is a big key part for student to have a good GPA and being able to pass all their academics. Yet, a huge portion of college students do not get plenty or a fair amount of sleep. The authors also found in their study that students should be more considerate on the sleep value and sleep amount they should have. To the authors awareness, This is the first study to have found a relationship between poor sleep quality and lower academic performance using a large sample size and importantly, for non depressed students alone. Gilbert and Weaver, 2010). This study will provide my research with the important factors of sleep and education for a college student, in order to foresee the academic routine on the student’s foundation of sleep quality and quantity. Also it would provide my study with the question of whether our society should start regulating students to sleep enough to perform better, or instead let the students perform as they are doing. The author could not prove that poor sleep patterns resulted in a lower GPA for students, they only knew the important contributions that pointed to the conclusions of the study.

Another limitation was that when the author performed the study, they only performed the study on freshman college students and not any higher level college students. Lastly, they didn’t check the University transcripts for the student’s grade point average; they relied on the student’s honesty. Mateika, Millrood, and Mitru (2002) examined the consequences of sleep on learning performance and the behavior that results from lack of sleep, in adolescents. The authors did the study to see the different options to help students re-establish and balance their normal sleep and everyday routine.

The expectations of authors were to find a solution to help young adults in preventing the cause of their lack of sleep, whether it was from their parents, the school, work, or medical reasons. From all the different perspective views of the authors, they found that, the side effects that manifest was a consequence of sleep deprivation are independent…include inattention and poor performance in the classroom and emotional and behavioral changes. (Mateika, et. al. , 2002). With that, they looked at different changes they could make, like changing the time of when school starts, or looking if the students had sleep disorder.

They found that parents and school should help increase the promotion of healthy sleep patterns for the importance of the sleep on school and work performance and behavior in the student. This study provides a different perspective of how to deal with sleep deprivation, instead of looking at the students sleep patterns and lifestyle and changing that, this study looks at how parents, or schools can be change the lack of sleep in order for students to perform better in their school and work environment.

This provides my study with the mentality that students are mostly not to blame for their own lack of sleep, the blame can be from the amount of workload the students get from their teachers, the time they go to school and leave, the time they go to work and leave work, or even the amount of time not being able to sleep due to stress or insomnia. So all this gives me different perspectives to look at in order to solve the problem of the cause of sleeplessness.

The only limitation in this study is that when looking at school workload being increased and the early time of class becomes a bit of a problem with the amount of sleep the student loses and gains. Cruess and Wells (2006) examined the results of sleeplessness on the consumption of food and food choices, which may have a lead problem to health in issues to those who have, sleep deprivation, The authors did this study to show the link between sleep and food intake within college students.

They believe that students who sleep less would choose them food that is less healthy, because the students are less concerned of their weight and more dependent on their mood and expediency. The authors expect to see more evidence showing that stress hormones are related with the relationship between sleeping and eating, which in other words, increases in stress lead to more snacking and a decrease in the consumption of typical meal-type foods (Oliver and Wardle, 1999).

In their study they found that what they expected to find in the beginning had happened, in which there was a difference in food intake, measured by how much calories was consumed after the night of the students incomplete lack of sleep. The study also presented that there was a huge difference in food consumption and calorie intake on partial sleepless night and a normal night of rest.

This study provides my research with the behavior of food with the student, how sleep deprivation can affect a student’s choice in food, which is chosen by the mood of the student, their health, the price, the convince, the familiarity and the students appeal towards the food, in which it all goes back to whether they had a normal nights rest, or sleepless night. There are many limitations to this study, the main limitations was that this study was based mostly on self-report information, which means that it may or may not be accurate information in the study.

Another important limitation was that some of the participants in the study had recorded the start of their food and sleep records in their journals on different days, which made it hard to frame the time of the study accurately. Moreno, Louzada, and Pereira (2010) examined the role of ecological aspects in sleep duration among adolescents who have less technology and adolescents who have advance technology and how it changes the relationship of their sleep patterns.

The authors performed this study to bring out an opportunity to look at natural and ecological influences on different characteristics that is related to sleep behaviors; the authors wanted to understand why adolescents who have electric lights, and other high advance resources have a higher level of sleep deprivation, while those who have less technology have enough sleep and are able to perform better. Their expectation for the study was that there would be an interaction between the natural and ecological factors in the sleep cycle of the adolescents.

The study help the authors find that the occurrence of electric lighting in home of the adolescent is a critical factor that is related to the duration of the sleep, which results in regular amount of sleep to irregular amount of sleep in adolescents. These results are important in my study, because it supports the ideas that adolescents having advanced technology, is important when determining whether it is a factor in knowing it results in sleep deprivation. Kopasz et. al. 2008) examined that adolescent to not sleep enough and have different sleep patterns every day, due to adolescents decrease in sleep duration on school days and increase in the weekends. The purpose of this study for the authors was to find the relation between adolescents sleep schedule, the environments of the student and daytime tasks, and to look at the results with the sleep records the adolescents kept. The expectations of this study were to find a difference between the sleep patterns of during the week and the weekends, and the difference between the ages of the students and how late or early they slept.

The authors found what they were expecting, there was a significant difference between week and weekend nights, and the older students slept about an hour less per night compared with the youngest. (Kopasz, 2008). They found as our age increases, are sleep duration decreases. This study is important to my research, because it shows a new perspective of the topic, where it gives evidence of how our generation grows, we lose more sleep because of the changes in education, in life events, and our society.

This study shows how teenager are suffering the consequences of having sleep deprivation due to having to work and go to school, on top of family issues and the workload teachers give students. This is important to my study because the authors foretell that sleep deprivations in found adults is a global problem with severe consequences. The inconsistencies in the body of research are that there is not much research or experiments in the relationship of sleep and the brain with a college student.

There is much said about students behaviors with there is lack of sleep in their daily routines, but to know what happens, or what goes on in the brain, when it suffers from sleep deprivation will give my study a better perspective of the bigger picture. The gap that are in the body of this literature review is important, because it gives my study resources to look at and explore in which the other studies did not. My study will do research in both the brain and the behavior in all levels of non-depressed college students who have sleep deprivation and figure out what is the main cause of the students lack of sleep in their college lifestyle.

References Gilbert, S. P. , and Weaver, C. C. (2010). Sleep Quality and Academic Performance in University Students: A Wake Up Call For College Psychologists. Journal Of College Student Psychotherapy, 24(4), 295-306. doi: 1080/87568225. 2010. 509245. Mateika J. H. , Millrood, D. L. , and Mitru, G. (2002) The Impact Of Sleep On Learning And Behavior In Adolescents. Teachers College Records, 104(4), 704-726. doi: 10. 1111/1467-9620. 00176. Cruess, D. G. , and Wells, T. T. (2006). Effects of Partial Sleep Deprivation On Food Consumption And Food Choice. Psychology & Health, 21(1), 79-86. doi: 10. 1080/1476820500102301. Oliver, G. and Wardle, J. (1999). Perceived Effects Of Stress On Food Choice. Physiology and Behavior, 66, 511-515. Moreno, C. C. , Louzada, F. , and Pereira, E. (2010). Not All Adolescents Are Sleep Deprived: A Study Of Rural Populations. Sleep And Biological Rhythms, 8(4), 267-273. doi: 10. 1111/j. 1479-8425. 2010. 00458. x. Kopasz, M. M. , Loessi, B. B. , Riemann, D. D. , Valerius, G. G. , Voderholzer, U. U. (2008). Are Adolescents Chronically Sleep-Deprived? An Investigation Of Sleep habits Of Adolescents In The Southwest Of Germany. Child: Care, Health, And Development, 34(5), 549-556. doi: 10. 1111/j. 1365-2214. 2008. 00845. x.

Earplugs improve patients’ subjective experience of sleep in critical care Laboure College Nursing 202 March 8, 2013 The purpose of this study is to see if earplugs improve sleep in patients in critical care areas. It is to see if the use of earplugs will improve patient outcomes by decreasing noise levels during sleeping hours. The problem statement is that patients will get better quicker if they get uninterrupted sleep. The literature review summarizes the topic and its findings.

According to the article, noise can have a negative affect on patients outcomes like; sleep disturbances (Honkus, 2003; Redeker, 2003), increase in the stress response (Kam et al. , 1994; Moore et al. , 1998; Lower et al. , 2002), and reduced patient satisfaction (Lower & Bonsack, 2002). Different interventions were tried to decrease noise levels, but unfortunately, patients’ needs came first therefore abandoning those interventions like quiet time. Quiet time protocols were implemented by restricting care activities and visiting at sleep hours (Moore et al. , 1998; Olson et al. 2001; Kellman, 2002; Lower & Bonsack, 2003). Wallace et al. (1998) studied the effect of earplugs worn during normal sleeping hours by 12 intensive care patients receiving mechanical ventilation and reported an increase in REM sleep during earplug use. This study was qualitative because it had the test subjects use subjective data about the use of earplugs and the decrease in noise level by using The Verran-Snyder-Halpern Sleep Scale. The fit between the research question and methods are inconclusive because it is based on subjective data and not all the test subjects finished the study.

The sample is the test subjects in the study. The participants included men and women over the age of 18 who were admitted to critical care units at a Midwestern US teaching hospital (Scotto, McClusky, Spillan, & Kimmel, 2009). The criteria consisted of subjects who were alert and oriented, able to understand the study, able to give informed consent and mark the tool (Scotto et al. , 2009). The data was collected by having the 100 participants randomly assigned to the earplug intervention or control group.

The intervention group was giving instructions on the use of the earplugs during regular sleep hours for one night only removing them briefly for less than 10 minutes at a time for communication purposes (Scotto et al. , 2009). The data was compiled by having the participants complete the Verran-Snyder-Halpern Sleep Scale the day following the study. The sleep scale scores were then kept in a locked box until data was entered into an SPSS spreadsheet for analysis to be seen by the research team. The instruments used were soft foam earplugs and the Verran-Snyder-Halpern Sleep Scale.

The sleep scale measures subjective response to sleep in hospitalized adults (Snyder-Halpern & Verran, 1987). The tool is an eight-item visual analogue instrument that takes about 10 minutes or less to complete (Snyder-Halpern & Verran, 1987; Richardson, 1997). The pilot study received approval from the Summa Health System internal review board and had an equivalent group post-test-only design (Scotto et al. , 2009). The weakness of the study is the limitation of test subjects and that the data is qualitative.

The findings showed that the participants using earplugs during normal sleeping hours fell asleep easier, woke up less, decrease tossing and turning, slept deeper and woke up feeling refreshed. Out of the six different types of earplugs, used patients preferred foam earplugs because they were more comfortable and easier to insert (Chisholm et al. , 2004). I would rate this article a three in difficulty. The overall contribution the study makes to patient care is finding ways to improve patients REM sleep therefore improving outcomes for patients well being.

I think that earplug use on all types of floors in a hospital setting would be beneficial to help improve the overall health of the patient.

References

1. Chisholm E, Kuchai R, McPartlin D. (2004).
2. An objective evaluation of the waterproofing qualities, ease of insertion, and comfort of commonly available earplugs. Clinical Otolaryngology; 29: 128-132. Honkus V. (2003).
3. Sleep Deprivation in critical care units. Critical Care Nurse; 26: 179-189. Kam P, Kam A, Thompson J. (1994).
4. Noise pollution in the anesthetic and intensive care environments. Anesthesia; 49: 982-986. Kellman N. (2002). Noise in the intensive care nursery.
5. Neonatal Network; 21: 35-41. Lower J, Bonsack C. (2002).
6. High-tech high touch: mission possible? Dimensions of Critical Care; 21: 201-205. Moore M, Nguyen D, Nolan S, Robinson S, Ryals B, Imbries J, Spotnitz W. (1998).
7. Interventions to reduce decibel levels on patient care units. The American Surgeon; 64: 894-899. Olson D, Borel C, Laskowitz D, Moore D, McConnell E. (2001).
8. Quiet time: a nursing intervention to promote sleep in neuro-critical care units. American Journal of Critical Care; 10: 74-78 Redeker N. (2003).
9. Sleep in acute care settings: an integrative review. Journal of Nursing Scholarship; 32: 31-38 Richardson S. 1997).
10. A comparison of tools for the assessment of sleep pattern disturbances in critically ill adults. Dimensions of Critical Care Nursing; 16: 226-242. Scotto C, McClusky C, Spillan S, Kimmel J (2009).
11. Earplugs improve patients’ subjective experience of sleep in critical care. Nursing in Critical Care, 14(4). Snyder-Halpern R, Verran J. (1987).
12. Instrumentation to describe subjective sleep characteristics in healthy subjects. Nursing in Research and Health; 10: 155-163. Wallace C, Robins J, Alvord L, Walker J. (1998).
13. The effects of earplugs in critically ill patients. Sleep; 21(Suppl. ): 234.