Social Media

Which, if any, of the three social media plans should Foley pursue? Why? oI would suggest that Foley pursue advertising on all three social media outlets proposed.

They are all good places to reach their target demographic and the cost isn’t that high to leverage those outlets. Their buyers are social media users and they should try to reach them there. I would suggest running all three for a year and see which are return best and then she could re-evaluate from there. What benefits would Foley gain from each of the three social media plans? What risks does each entail? How can Foley better reap the benefits and mitigate the risks of each of the programs? oThe benefit of being in the social media plan is that UnME would have a presence where their target market goes to socialize and communicate with each other. It would give them the opportunity to interact with their customers in their world and raise the level of involvement with their customers and potential customers.The risk is that they will not be able to engage their customers in a personal and meaningful manner, which seems to be critical for successful online marketing. I would advise her to seek out several marketing plans for online engagement and really look for a firm with a proven track record with online and will focus on more than just the interface.

•How should Foley integrate social media into her traditional media plans? Should Foley take money out of traditional media (television, magazine, radio, Internet banner and search ads) to fund her social media programs?Why or why not? oI would recommend that Foley work with a firm to run a campaign that leverages the advantages of different traditional media in conjunction with online social media. There is still a solid (if shrinking) market in print and television so I would choose to be strategic with those dollars. But I would definitely run a marketing campaign that went hand in hand with the online media. •How should Foley measure the results of her social media plans? Which media metrics are best and least suited for a Web 2. world? oIt is definitely harder to quantify the return from online marketing against. They should work with a qualified web expert to establish good metrics for measuring the campaign. •Is UnME Jeans the right or wrong type of brand and/or product for Web 2.

0? Why? What advantages does the brand have in this new cultural world? What disadvantages does it have? oI think that UnME is the right type of brand and product for Web 2. 0. Their audience is younger, tech savvy, they are active online and UnMe has a unique product.They are about the experience of denim, not just the product and that is a good fit for social media. •How well do the social media plans address the emerging challenges of the rapidly changing media environment outlined in the case? What can you change in the social media plans to make them more effective for UnME’s target consumers? oI am not convinced that the proposed plans are the best use of social media. I like the widgets and the idea of voting for the next design, but they really need to concentrate on user experience. That is always key for online success.

Humans are, by nature, very visual beings.

In the brain itself, there are hundreds of millions of neurons devoted to visual processing, , as compared with 8 percent for touch and just 3 percent for hearing.

Each of the two optic nerves, which carry signals from the retina to the brain, consists of a million fibers, compared to the auditory nerve carrying a mere 30,000.

Related: 

That’s all to say that social media images are a vital part of your of people, people who are very visual beings!

Marketers that have dabbled in for social media know just how tough and time-consuming it can be. I’m no expert, but I’ve learned a thing or two about creating social media images after lots of practice (and mistakes!), and I’m excited to share with you my favorite social media design tips and principles to help enhance your social media images.

Let’s dive in!

Social media design tips: 11 principles & tactics to enhance your images

At Buffer, we without much outside help — and there are a ton of images! On average, every Buffer blog post has five custom images, and some have way more.

To create these, we rely on 11 simple design principles to help make the image creation process easy. We’re excited to share those with you in this post and how you may be able to apply it to .

1. Color

90% of snap judgments made about products are based on color alone

is one of the most important and complex aspects of any social media design. It helps to set the mood, create an atmosphere, convey emotions and even evoke from someone’s past.

In , researchers found that up to 90% of snap judgments made about products can be based on color alone, depending on the product. Other on colors in marketing have pointed to the fact that it’s more important for colors to support the personality you want to portray instead of trying to align with typical color associations.

For example, this Help Scout graphic highlights the power of color in conveying personality in a piece of content that reflects positively back on the brand. On the you’ll see consistent, eye-catching colors that come off as fun, yet insightful.

The second example from the brand Loulou & Tummie highlights the use of color to market to a specific audience. are known for their eye-catching vector work and the use of color to tell a story and evoke emotion.

Use colors in your social media images that . Do so by considering which colors help to tell a specific portion of that story. The principles of are a great place to start and can be used to create a sense of harmony within your images.

Here’s a quick rundown of how different colors affect our brain and how they’re often used in storytelling and marketing:

2. Balance

The 4 different types of balance (including the one you’re probably thinking of)

The art of balance in the world of social media is a tricky one to get the hang of, but well worth the effort. A great way to think of balance is to imagine that each element of your design has a “.”

Put another way: If you were to place the image on a balance scale, would it tip to one side?

It’s also important to remember that different elements carry different weight; balance does not have to be split right down the middle. There are of balance:

1. Symmetrical
2. Asymmetrical
3. Radial (picture a spiral staircase)
4. Crystallographic (picture a tray of donuts with different toppings)

All of these can make for a beautiful social media design.

Take for example, this stunning graphic from artist and illustrator :

This image demonstrates the beautiful use of symmetrical balance and the feeling of harmony. Symmetrical balance is great for illustrations, drawings, blog graphics, photographs and much more.

On the other hand, there’s asymmetrical balance like shown in this image example:

Asymmetrical balance creates tension through contrast and can be visually interesting when done correctly. Because it’s abstract, there is no symmetry; there are no perfect mirror images.

One place we find balance to be important is in choosing . The collection of photos at is a great example of a photo collection that excels by taking balance into account, like with this image:

If you’re creating an image of your own, in order to balance the weight in your image, play around with different things such as size of items, lightness and darkness of items, warm and cool colors, texture, quantity of objects, isolation of objects and orientation (vertical/horizontal/diagonal) of objects.

3. Lines

Straight lines imply order. Curved lines hint at movement.

Lines are the of your image that help to guide the eye to where you want it to go. Straight lines work to give the image a sense of order and tidiness while crooked or curved lines may give the image a sense of organized tension and movement.

Paying close attention to the use of lines throughout your image can help guide your audience along a , stopping at the most important and intentional elements along the way.

Let’s take a peek at this of the power of lines from :

The use of clean diagonal lines throughout the illustration takes your eyes to different areas in a quick and efficient manner. Almost creating “sections” in the image with different cities as multiple focal points.

Now compare that to the curved lines of this illustration from the same artist, , and how it creates a sense of motion. That motion leading you around the graphic until you land back at the center focal point:

When adding lines to your image, pay close attention to where they draw the reader’s eyes. Aim to create a logical path that the reader can follow along with until they come to the point that you intended them to.

4. Typography

Traditionally, serif fonts are best for print and sans-serif for web.

Typography is an art. Selecting the that work seamlessly together can bring your social media image to life. It also has a big impact on how your design is received by people and, ultimately, the message your brand intentionally (or unintentionally) sends across.

When selecting which font or fonts to use in your design one of the most important aspects to keep in mind is readability.

Graphic designer Paul Rand may have put it best when he said, “Don’t try to be original, just try to be good.”

Whether you choose a sans-serif font or a serif font or any variation in-between, make sure that your audience can read your message. Here are a few pro-tips for using fonts:

• Limit your design to a maximum of 3 typefaces
• Use font sizing that fits well within the medium that you are publishing to
• Traditionally, serif fonts are best for print and sans-serif for web
• is a great technique to use in your titles

And for those that are curious about other typography terminology, this nifty will help!

5. Contrast

Add contrast with colors, shapes and sizes.

Have you ever heard someone say that an illustration or design ““?

What they may be referring to is the contrast in an image. Contrast provides differentiation between elements, making one stand out or “pop” more than the other elements.

The use of effective contrast is a great way to enhance your social media images. Without contrast, your design runs the risk of being “flat.” But with too much contrast, your design can become cluttered and nothing will stand out.

Related: 

Here are my 3 favorite ways to add contrast to an image without under or overdoing it.

Add Contrast with Colors

One of the easiest ways to into your image designs is through the use of colors. For example, playing light colors off of dark colors, or vice-versa. In this image, I used a white font in contrast to the dark background making the wording both readable and visually appealing.

Add Contrast with Shapes

Another way to easily add contrast to your image is through the use of shapes. This helps to highlight just how well the conformity of symmetrical shapes can play alongside the asymmetrical nature of organic shapes.

Add Contrast with Sizes

In its simplest form, contrast can easily be added to enhance your by making certain aspects of the design bigger or smaller than others. It can also mean adding more weight (like bolding a word) to elements.

This restaurant advertisement draws the audience to the name, “1913,” first and then to other areas of the image such as the word “restaurant” and eventually to the picture of the food in the background.

6. Scale

Zoom out on a concept, or zoom in with your font choices.

Scale, by definition, refers to the deliberate sizing of various elements within your design. “Scaling” helps to bring certain elements into focus and allows your readers to make sense of a concept.

Think for a second and try to imagine your life in number of months or even days. Can you imagine it?

This wonderful illustration by illustrates the powerful effects of scaling.

Scaling also works well for more concrete social media designs. Take a look at the image below:

In this visual, I’m aiming to draw you towards the quote first with a scaled-up font size. Once I’ve gained your curiosity from the quote, I’m hoping your eyes naturally move right to the balloon. And finally, you’re drawn to the message of the graphic, “Happy Teachers Month.”

Did it work?

7. Proximity

Group similar items together to declutter and organize.

Proximity is paramount when creating a sense of organization within your design. Similar or related elements are best grouped together to create a relationship between them. The goal is to group items together to and “tidy things up a bit.”

You can put the principle of proximity into action by connecting similar elements together. One easy way is by physical placement of the objects near each other. The other way is to connect them in other visual ways with the use of similar colors, fonts, size, etc.

This simple example shows how proximity can be used to help us perceive objects as being related. The circles are spread out, each being perceived as its own object.

Then, once we bring all of the circles in close to each other, they appear to lose the feeling that they are separate objects. It is perceived to be more of a whole, singular shape.

When put into something like a social media design, proximity can help to bring elements of a product or concept together through spacial relationships.

8. Hierarchy

Place the most important elements in the biggest fonts.

It’s quite likely that you’ll be working with . And chances are each of those elements will be important to your overall message. Hierarchy is a great social media design tip to make sure that you’re getting your most important message across first.

Taking full advantage of the hierarchy design principle starts with an . Establish the most crucial message as the focal point and then use the other design principles in this article to make it stand out.

Once that’s in place, you can start to build your second or third pieces of information in without taking away from the overall goal.

A great example is here in this travel advertisement. The image draws the reader into “travel” and then leads them to the secondary messages.

It even works for simple social media designs such as quotes. The main focal point being the quote itself followed by any secondary information such as author or source.

9. Repetition

Always use the same set of fonts, colors and logos.

One of the easier design elements to enhance your social media images is the principle of repetition. Repetition is an important part of the process because it helps to establish and strengthen different elements.

It’s also what people often refer to as “consistent branding.”

Three things to always try and be consistent with in your designs are fonts, colors and logos. Over time, repetition of these 3 elements will give you or your brand a unique and instantly recognizable look. Let’s check out a few examples to illustrate the simple use of repetition in design.

Remember this Apple ? Catchy for its colorful and playful nature, the use of repetition in this image helps to create consistent association. It also does just what it set out to do and that’s give a sense of movement or dancing in the image.

Repetition is also important when . Take these beautiful business cards from , for example. Whether you’re a big brand or a one-person shop, repetition helps you become recognizable over time.

10. Direction

People read in an “F” pattern, an “E” pattern and a “Z” pattern.

The way the human eye moves across designs, images, websites and other visual elements is unique, but often consistent. That’s why it’s important to guide your audience along the “path” that you’d like them to follow in your image. In other words, create a deliberate “flow.”

Website design research has given us an at how people tend to view websites when arriving for the first time. What they found was that we read in an “F” pattern, an “E” pattern and sometimes a “Z” pattern. So placing important and eye-catching elements on the upper left and left side of your design is key.

Related: 

created a great infographic on data found from their eye-tracking experiments along with ways in which you can improve your design. Enjoy

11. Space

Look for outlines in your images. Advanced tip: Try knolling!

I saved one of my favorite social media for last and that is the use of space. Put simply, or white space is the area surrounds other objects in the image. More often than not, what you choose to leave out from your image is just as important as what you add.

Try not to underestimate the power of simplicity in your design. Space can help bring a certain aesthetic quality to your image while also highlighting the most important elements.

I’d love to show you two examples of the wonderful effects of using space in your designs. The first is from artist, illustrator and graphic designer who has seemingly mastered the art of space in design. Tang Yau Hoong intentionally and cleverly carves out shapes in negative space to create a mesmerizing feel.

When adding shapes, fonts or colors to your design, consider what shapes or outlines are forming around them and use them to your advantage. You may quickly realize that your design is taking shape in ways you hadn’t originally planned.

The second example is from the world of photography. is a technique that has really come on strong in the last few years. The white space surrounding each element really helps to bring out each piece individually.

Keep your images simple and use the space around objects to bring attention to important elements. I love this graphic from that really highlights the power of simple design.

It started with last September’s Facebook announcement of a: an optional “dislike” symbol to use for status updates. Then, Twitter went ahead and changed its favorites icon from a star to a heart, prompting an immediate tidal wave of reactions both positive and negative.

Related: 

Combine those two big stories with the reality of the persistence and popularity of emojis (the newest iOS update added 184 more!), and you’ve got what looks like an interesting shift in digital culture.

On the surface, it seems that the more integrated we become with our computers, devices and social media, the more we’re seeking to express our humanity, opinions and moods. Dig a little deeper and you’ll find that not only are brands and agencies capitalizing on this — in many ways, they’re spurring it on. At a time when any small change to our familiar and much-loved digital landscapes prompts thought pieces and 140-character soapboxes, we’re finding newer ways to express ourselves.

What’s emoting got to do with it?

It’s a plot twist novelist and essayist William Gibson could have seen coming a mile away: The more intertwined our lives become with machines, the more we seek to show how human we are. Ever since the two biggest social media platforms, Facebook and Twitter, urged us to tell our personal networks how we’re feeling or what we’re doing, we’ve been encouraged to express our emotions online.

And as digital attention ps have shortened, reaction buttons have risen as the stand-ins for a longer explanation or opinion. Click “like” or a “heart,” and you’ve demonstrated your appreciation or support. In fact, chiming in with a “like” or a “fave” has become de rigueur for many social networks, although they mostly haven’t offered users opportunities to express negative reactions, to balance out all those positives (more on that later).

When words — or buttons — just won’t do, there are emoticons and emojis. Sometimes, we tend to forget that putting words out through a computer can rob us of our human voices; one way to reclaim a jovial nature is to use emojis and emoticons. Emojis in particular are at the top of their game right now; the simple emoticon — the keyboard-based smiley face of the 1990s — has evolved into an entire library of cartoonish expressions, augmented by everything from food products to activities to props.

According to , these symbols aren’t just silly, they can do everything from soften the blow of a critique to make the person on the other end seem more human.

Still, emojis tend to be used more as additions to text rather than a complete replacement. Many people argue that although it seems that a new language is being created, we’re hardly losing the written — or typed — word as the number-one form of expression. “The ability to convey tone and emotion through text, without resorting to illustration, is one of the key challenges of writing. It’s what makes someone a good writer rather than an effective artist or illustrator,” opined an article on the subject in the  magazine, adding that, “Though emoticons may make it easier to convey different moods without much effort, they have limitations of their own.”

So, even though it may seem like every person with a smartphone under age of 40 is conversing entirely in emojis, we need not fear that our language will completely revert to symbols anytime soon.

What does this all mean? Put together, it’s easy to surmise that as we join more social networks, we’re looking to assert our individuality and our presence out in a digital universe full of hundreds of thousands of users, all stripped down to binary ones and zeroes. Using reaction buttons, emoticons and emojis is a quick and easy way to do this — plus it evokes a positive reaction.

The reaction to reactions

Speaking of that positive reaction, in this era of online influencers and self-made digital celebrities. Vibes help determine the social clout a user wields online; namely, those who are the most popular on social media tend to use positive emojis and emoticons.

quoted Simo Tchokni of the University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory about this topic. “The emoticon features achieved high performance, suggesting that there is a strong link between emoticon use and social power,” said Tchokni. “Powerful users tend to use emoticons often and high clout is strongly associated with positive emoticons,” said Tchokni.

Powerful users — or online influencers — are also exactly what brands are looking for in social media allies. Ergo, if you’re looking to gain a bigger following and possibly convince brands to invite you to events and send you free products, start employing those smileys.

Related: 

It’s not just the emojis that are redefining how we express ourselves on social media; now, it’s looking as though the top social networks are leading a charge toward multiple options for expression. Facebook’s rumored “dislike” button never came to fruition owing to the concern that it could be taken too negatively; instead the platform has been implementing a “more expressive” like button. 

 pondered what this decision could mean for reaction buttons on other social networks. “Most social networks deal in one or two reactions: on Twitter, retweet and favorite are the two options; on Instagram, users can only heart; and YouTube is the only social network to offer a like and dislike button,” the site pointed out. “Facebook’s new reactions might be an interesting experiment to see what reactions users favor, and how behavior changes on the social network when multiple reactions, including unfavorable ones, are available.”

But there is more to it than just the notion that a dislike button might add more negativity to the online world (because even though positivity gets you more popularity, “trolling” and anonymous insults are still sadly common). Indeed there are two roadblocks to consider here: One is the uproar that happens whenever an old familiar social network changes anything drastic; and two is the possibility that having so few choices is actually easier.

If users have too many choices, then that diversity almost takes away from their ability to choose, and can feel overwhelming. When it’s a choice between “like” or no response, it’s easier to make that split-second decision on how you feel. If, instead, social networks force users to slow down and consider choices from a list of reaction options, they might be surprised by the results — not to mention how diversity might put a wrench in the popularity plans of those who default to like-ing everything.

Shifting social reactions

In the end, it’s strange to consider that we all have a wide range of opinions and expressions we want to put out there, but with social media, we tend to be boxed in to very simplistic reaction buttons.

Still, we’re okay with that (and in some cases prefer it). With emojis, however, the opposite is true: the more the better; they might even help shape your persona to the point that you could gain popularity.

Either way, our evolving digital language is sure to be a fascinating shift to observe over the next few years, and even as early as the next few months.

How do you feel about giving users more reaction buttons and options in social networks?

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The emergence of social media and its rapid growth has led to an interest in how society is affected by its existence. The matter of how social media relates to body image among woman has been significant and there is a vast amount of data on its connection. Past studies conducted by Holmstrom (2004), Grabe, Ward, & Hyde (2008) and Halliwell (2013) focused on how the media represents images of the ‘ideal’ woman’s body and how that correlates to a negative body image.

Tiggermann (2011) notes that body image in the western world has been sculpted into a one size fits all notion and that an attractive female body has been categorised into a type that compromises features that are unrealistic and unrepresentative of many women. The ideology of such a concept in society has been formulated by mass media with Dittmar (2009) observing in his paper that mass media is a contributor to how women’s body image is perceived.

Third (2017) state that young people have the highest online social media usage, therefore it is understandable why many studies have also focused towards how the younger generation are affected by social media. Particularly investigation has been into the physiological and vulnerability of the younger age group and how social media can influence individuals who are already unhappy with their body image to develop eating disorders. Kim & Lennon (2007) examines the relationship between media, body image and eating disorders discussing how viewing thin and beautiful models may lead to comparative issues, while Tiggemann & Slater (2013) discuss the internet accessibility factors and time spent on social media platform Facebook viewing content relating to the ideology of thinness.

With the rise of the ‘strong not skinny’ idiom, social media has had a huge over hall in comparison to previous fitness content. With being physically fit the current trend rather than the previous focus on thinness. Recent studies looked at the trend of ‘fitspiration’, describing how hashtags and the ‘fitfam’ has now dominated all media platforms. Tiggemann & Zaccardo (2015) highlight that the positive change in the message may encourage better lifestyle habits but there is still body image negativity due to the same previous unrealistic presentation of body types.

What has been significantly noted is that there is little focus on diversity of fitness representatives, whether that’s body type or quite noticeability age range. The forgotten generation of the over 50s are barely presented in the current fitness market or trends. So how do they identify with today’s age orientated society and does social media influence their perception of what is acceptably fit and what negativity does this present, if any.

MM Explain the rationale for the campaign you have just created such as why you chose that specific promotional mix, timing, cost, media mix etc and why it is expected to achieve its goals. For this task you are required to explain and Justify why you have created your campaign (for Task UP) as you have. I suggest you do this one factor at a time*. Your response should be written in sentences and paragraphs. Factor Justify its use Promotional Mix Why have you chosen the specific type of promotion that you have?

What are Its advantages over other types of promotion? Do you foresee any problems of using this type of promotion? How can these be overcome? Timing Why have chosen the specific times for your campaign/promotion? Why is this time most appropriate? What other times did you consider? Why were these discounted? Media Mix Why have you chosen the specific forms of media will be used within your campaign? Why Is this? What forms of media were considered but discounted? Why were they discounted? Budget Justify the cost of your campaign – why does it cost what it does? Could these costs be reduced?

The advert is trying Your next paragraph with demonstration analysis. This will be the flirt half of your analysis that will focus on the success of the campaign (Analysis +). You will need to research how the campaign might have helped the business achieve its aims. Image, profits, sales etc? For each ‘success’ you may wish to use PEE (Point, Evidence, Explain). The campaign has helped this business In many ways. 1 OFF their aims by…. Another way that it has helped the business is This has helped them achieve their aims by……… The third paragraph will also be analysis.

However here you will focus on any repacks of the campaign (Analysis -). Again, we will need to research this using the internet any negatives that might be associated with the advert. Image, profits, sales etc? For each ‘drawback you may wish to use PEE (Point, Evidence, Explain). Unfortunately the campaign also caused some drawbacks. The first drawback caused was… PEE.. This may have prevented them from achieving their aims by….. The second drawback caused was… PEE…. This may have prevented them from achieving their aims by….. Your final paragraph will be a support Judgment – your evaluation.

From your all of our research and the analysis you have completed was the campaign a success or failure overall? How much of a success or failure? Why? Use the word ‘because’ to back up and Justify any Judgments you make. Overall I have found that the campaign was a success/failure. The first reason for this Furthermore……… Because, because, because….!! Make sure you apply your answer directly to your business and the campaign you have chosen. Use words like moreover, firstly, secondly, furthermore, to compare, I have found, in contrast, to conclude, to summaries, as my research shows…… If you are uncertain, please see Mr. Quarto.

If it feels like this election cycle has been more heavily covered, discussed and heated than any previous election, you aren’t alone in your sentiments. While the personalities involved in the election — and the fact that there is no incumbent running for reelection — certainly have played a role in the hoopla around the race for the White House, there’s something much more influential at the root of the excitement: social media.

While social media played a role in both the 2008 and 2012 elections, the influence of platforms such as Facebook and Twitter in previous election cycles pales in comparison to the impact that’s been felt over the past 12 months. This was made quite clear in the days leading up to the first one-on-one debate between Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton, during the showdown itself, and in the hours after the debate.

Related: 

In order to understand the role social media played in the most recent debate, let’s review the five biggest storylines:

1. Pre-debate blows.

Before the debate even started, social media was the unofficial battleground — not only for support of the candidates, but also for the candidates themselves. Most notable was celebrity businessman Mark Cuban’s threat that he would sit in the front row at the debate in an attempt to psyche Trump out. 

Never one to take criticism silently, with a quick one-liner of his own, saying, “If dopey Mark Cuban of failed Benefactor fame wants to sit in the front row, perhaps I will put Gennifer Flowers right alongside him!” (The Flower reference referring to a model and actress who gained notoriety after reportedly having sexual relationships with former President Bill Clinton.)

Neither Cuban nor Flowers sat in the front row, but this little feud was indicative of how times have changed. Candidates and their supporters are now bypassing the media and using a direct-to-voter channel to drum up attention.

2. Individuals and companies respond to claims.

tuned in for the debate on Monday night — an astounding and record-setting figure by all accounts. With so many people watching, the stakes weren’t just high for the candidates — they were high for everyone involved. This included companies and individuals mentioned in the debate. Here’s how two responded:

• One of the more notable segments of the debate occurred when moderator Lester Holt alleged that Trump was once in support of the war in Iraq and then later backtracked to save face. Trump claimed he was adamantly against it and named-dropped Fox News host Sean Hannity as someone who could verify his stance. during the debate in tweet form saying, “Yes I heard. Omg we did have huge friendly arguments. Many!!”
• One of Trump’s major talking points of the night was the fact that he would bring jobs back to America. When pushed for examples of companies moving operations overseas, he mentioned Ford’s small car division. Ford immediately that read, “Ford has more hourly employees and produces more vehicles in the U.S. than any other automaker.”

In the past, companies, brands and people referenced in a debate setting had minimal opportunities to defend themselves — at least in a timely fashion. Not anymore.

Related: 

3. Hillary’s camp fact-checks in real time.

With two candidates who voters perceive as gracing the stage for more than an hour and a half, the idea of fact-checking was a big deal leading up to the debate. People had their opinions on whether Holt should play referee in addition to moderating. While he didn’t, Clinton’s camp decided they would.

During the debate, Clinton had a team of individuals fact-checking every claim Trump made and via her website and various social media profiles. This was the first time this has ever happened on such a large scale and allowed viewers to not only listen to what the candidates were saying but also separate fact from fiction.

4. Twitter exit polls.

For decades, groups of voters have been polled after presidential debates to gather some intelligence and opinions on who people think “won.” The problem with these polls is that they represent an incredibly small sample size.

Something interesting happened in the minutes and hours after the debate concluded. Voters, media members, websites and news outlets began posting Twitter Polls and asking users one simple question: Who won?

While these polls aren’t scientific, and the results are largely determined by who sees them, they did provide some fascinating insights. Whereas most of the official exit polls showed a decisive victory for Clinton, the social media polls tended to favor Trump. There could be any number of reasons for the disparity, but it’s interesting, nonetheless.

5. Periscope live streams.

During the last election cycle, live streaming social media didn’t exist. So this is the first year that we’ve seen the impact and utility of platforms such as Periscope and Facebook Live. Interestingly, celebrities and media personalities used live stream technology to voice their opinions both during and after the debate.

Professional tennis player the entire debate experience, voicing his opinions on what was happening. Controversial media figure Clay Travis to the debate, which came on minutes after the coverage ended. There were certainly dozens of other streams, which proves just how useful live streaming can be in situations like these.

Related: 

The role of social media in the 2016 election cycle.

The ways in which social media influenced and people responded to the first debate between Trump and Clinton is indicative of something much larger. It’s proof that social media is playing a critically important role in this year’s election cycle.

Whether it’s Twitter, Facebook or Periscope, social networking platforms have become an integral part of how news is delivered. These platforms are also, for better or worse, giving a voice to anyone who wants one. While we’ll have to wait years to realize the full impact social media had on this election, the history books will certainly look back and tell us that, in the words of Donald Trump, it was “huuuge.”

This assignment will discourse issues around citizenship instruction and how the values are mediated through policy, societal experiences and reflected in educational practice. Other arguments which will be included in the essay are as follows: definitions of CE, history behind citizenship instruction, why this was this introduced in schools, teacher position on citizenship instruction and the intent of this topic. Another position will be what kids will larn from analyzing citizenship instruction in schools and how the instructor can efficaciously learn citizenship in schools.

There are figure of definitions of Citizenship Education which include: the Crick Report ( 1998, p.9 ) ‘citizenship has meant engagement in public personal businesss by those who had the rights of citizens: to take portion in public argument and, straight or indirectly, in determining the Torahs and determinations of a province ‘ . Another definition of citizenship is: Collins ( 2008 p.1 ) ‘citizenship instruction is about assisting immature people to understand their rights and duties, to understand how society works, and to play an active function in society ‘ . A different definition of citizenship instruction Skelton, Francis and Smulyan ( 2006 p.286-287 ) ‘tends to intend that school pupils are taught about representative democracy and parliamentary political relations ‘ . From these definitions it can be seen that the chief countries that are involved in citizenship instruction are political relations and the individual ‘s function in society. On the other manus citizenship takes on more political point of position and it is more argument based. Citizenship instruction is besides to make with larning to take part, continue the jurisprudence, put others before your ego, to run into your duties. Prosecute in political action, act morally and esteem all in a pluralist society.

However, in 1964 the Association for Teaching the Social Sciences ( ATSS ) was founded at the Institute of Education, University of London, which was to advance societal scientific discipline learning in schools. The topics included in this were sociology, economic sciences and political scientific discipline. During this clip Bernard Crick was interested in discoursing ways of acquiring political relations in secondary schools and the benefits of this for the students. Cairns, Gardner and Lawton ( 2004 p.11 ) have looked at this farther ‘At some phase all immature people. . . should derive some consciousness of what political relations is about ‘ . Crick subsequently became active in a course of study undertaking financed by the Hansard Society called the Programme for Political Literacy that produced a study: ‘Political Education and Political Literacy ‘ ( Hansard, 1978 ) ‘ . Due to a alteration in authorities at that clip prevented this study from being published otherwise UK could hold seen citizenship instruction in the course of study. Cairns, Gardner and Lawton ( 2004 p.11 ) province: ‘unfortunately, the alteration of authorities in 1979 prevented any immediate action: most Conservatives were so leery of political instruction – ‘citizenship instruction ‘ might hold been more acceptable ‘ . Significantly in the 1990 ‘s there was a concern over deficiency of involvement towards political relations by the young person, so the authorities had to step in and make something to work out this job. As a consequence the authorities introduced citizenship instruction to give kids more consciousness of political activities, as some statistical information, showed grounds why first clip electors, do non vote during elections. The Crick study ( 1998, p.15 ) stated: ‘A MORI study for the News of the World in March 1997 on first-time electors found that 28 per cent said they would non vote or were improbable to, 55 per cent said that they were non interested or could non be bothered, 17 per cent said that it would non do any difference, and 10 per cent said they did non swear any politicians ‘ . I agree with this statement because some people today do non vote during elections. So if the kids are taught the importance of political relations and voting during elections, they may acquire a better apprehension through citizenship.

Chiefly the Crick Report which was introduced in 1998 to sketch the principle and indispensable purposes of instruction for citizenship. The Crick Report ( 1998, p.13 ) states that it is a “ critical and distinguishable statutory portion of the course of study, an entitlement for all students in its ain right… Citizenship instruction can be enhanced by and do important parts to – every bit good as draw upon – other topics and facets of the course of study. ” In the Crick Report ( 1998 ) there is merely a brief reference of RE and how it can be used to research moral and societal concerns. Alternatively there has been some unfavorable judgment on the Crick Report this has been examined by Faulks ( 2006, p.60 ) who suggests that ‘The chief failings of the Crick Report can be understood in footings of its abstract construct of citizenship. The Crick Report fails, in peculiar, to give due consideration to the institutional and societal constructions that form the context of citizenship and which, if ignored, must needfully restrict the effectual bringing of an inclusive citizenship instruction ‘ . I agree with this statement because schools find it hard to learn this lesson efficaciously due to miss counsel. But on the other manus there is counsel for instructors on learning citizenship instruction such as the national course of study. However during a conference there were suggestions of other importance of citizenship harmonizing to Rooney ( 2007 ) it can assist halt household dislocations, do communities stronger besides underpin societal coherence. This is critical because there will be less force on the streets, there will be more regard for other civilizations besides more people will be happier. This can be linked to Freire thought on duologue which he suggests involves regard and working with one another. He believes this is of import because it will develop community and construct societal capital.

Since August 2002 in primary schools, citizenship instruction, is non statutory but it is still taught. However for secondary schools citizenship instruction is statutory for Key Stages 3 and 4. Citizenship is a separate topic to PSHE ( Personal, Social, Health & A ; Education ) but this is a little portion of citizenship. It besides has its ain capable content of survey, farther more citizenship can be chosen as a GCSE short class. In September 2009 citizenship became a full GCSE and A degree. Assessment in citizenship should concentrate on the advancement of kids ‘s development of accomplishments and cognition and apprehension of the topic. QCA besides known as Qualifications and Curriculum Authority ( 2001, p.16 ) states ‘Assessment in citizenship should be active and participatory, turn toing advancement in pupils ‘development of accomplishments and action every bit good as cognition and understanding ‘ . In fact from analyzing citizenship kids will larn about rights, duties, authorities, democracy, diverse nature of society.

Furthermore the intent of citizenship instruction in schools is critical because, the kids can larn about political relations, rights the kids are entitled to such as the right to instruction and how to be a good citizen in society. The Crick Report ( 1998, p.40 ) examined the benefits of citizenship instruction ‘in schools and colleges is to do secure and to increase the cognition, accomplishments and values relevant to the nature and patterns of participative democracy ‘ . Another benefit of citizenship is to heighten consciousness of rights and responsibilities besides the duties needed for kids to be active citizens. This will give value to the kid, schools and society of engagement in the local and wider community. There are three chief strands of survey in citizenship suggested by Crick in his Crick Report are as follows: foremost Social and moral duty – which is to make with kids larning form the really first, self-confidence and socially and morally responsible for their behavior both in and beyond the schoolroom, both towards those in authorization and towards each other ( this is an indispensable pre-condition for citizenship ) . Secondly community engagement -which involves kids larning about and going helpfully involved in the life and concerns of their communities, including larning through community engagement and service to the community. Third it will learn kids on political literacy – this is when the kid is larning approximately and how to do themselves effectual in public life through cognition, accomplishments and values. Other thoughts on citizenship Kiwan ( 2008 p.41 ) states ‘citizenship instruction should turn to the apprehension of morality cutting across the public / private sphere differentiation ‘ . Citizenship instruction is of import in schools because it helps kids value engagement and in promoting students to go more involved in a scope of issues. So instructors must non merely state pupils to vote but acquire the kids to debate on issues.

Most significantly citizenship instruction in the national course of study gives pupils the cognition, understanding and accomplishments to enable them to take part in society as active citizens of a democracy. This is besides enables kids to be informed, critical and responsible and to be cognizant of their responsibilities and rights. Citizenship instruction provides a model which promotes the societal, moral and cultural development of students enabling them to go more self-assured and responsible in and beyond the schoolroom. Citizenship instruction encourages pupils to go helpfully involved in the life of their schools, vicinities, communities and the wider universe. Citizenship instruction promotes kids ‘s political and economic literacy through larning about the economic system and the democratic establishments. Citizenship helps pupils to derive a temperament for brooding treatment.

There are several ways of learning Citizenship depending on the school: it can be taught as a cross curricular activity, suspended timetable yearss, coach or tutorial times, distinct lessons or a combination of all. Examples of activities the instructor can make with kids during citizenship lessons include: arguments on current issues such as moral and societal issues, or a choice of newspaper articles can be examined. Sing ‘people who can assist us ‘ , an activity where the kids can pull a image of them egos and insight composing around people who help them. Another illustration of an activity is the trade game, this is where kids represent different members of the community for illustration mill worker and foremans and so forth so you will be given a budget and you will necessitate to happen ways of apportioning the money. Another illustration can be a treatment on the political election this can be done by the instructor explicating how local and national elections take topographic point, explain the democracy in this state so the kids choose three or more persons to stand for the chief political parties so these kids can make a address for the category which will develop the kids ‘s ego assurance.

Furthermore the instruction of citizenship is bettering, and there are now better chances for preparation, but in about 25 % of schools inspected in 2005/06 the proviso was found to be unequal. This per centum has reduced to 10 % when inspected. Many schools had non yet implemented full programme of citizenship across cardinal phases 3 and 4, and that misconceptions remain about what should be included in citizenship instruction ( Ofsted 2005-2006 ) . Other facets to see are the resources are available for learning citizenship instruction, schools have been given the resources but they do non ever use them really good. As Ofsted ( 2006, p.37 ) provinces: ‘citizenship has good resources in copiousness, but frequently they are non used ‘ . Ofsted found that Primary schools were judged as really strong with 21 out of 23 schools acquiring good or outstanding. Even though citizenship is non statutory in primary schools they still teach it good.

This subdivision will discourse the statements for citizenship instruction including: the fact that the kids can derive cognition of how to be good citizens in society. The other plus side of the argument can be increased consciousness of the local community ; greater tolerance ; and a part to kids ‘s ability to do determinations. Whereas the statements against citizenship instruction are that: it will be excess work for the school and staff to program for the topic. Besides some instructors do non hold adequate cognition in this country to present to kids. So they will necessitate to be trained to develop their accomplishments on citizenship. There will be arguments on execution of citizenship instruction, how you are traveling to learn citizenship because, the course of study is overloaded and other topics may be dropped to do clip for this lesson. The chief argument environing this will be who is traveling to learn the topic in schools. Ofsted ( 2010 p.18-19 ) suggests that the failings in citizenship instruction include ‘weakness in instructor capable cognition ; hapless planning, misconstruing about the topographic point of citizenship in the course of study ‘ . Another failing found in the study is: ‘weak capable cognition ; usage of inappropriate learning methods ‘ . Another factor that affects citizenship instruction was the ‘lack of apprehension and assurance to learn citizenship ‘ .

But will citizenship instruction stay in the course of study because there is a batch of guess around this docket. Harmonizing to Richardson ( 2010 ) ‘The Association for Citizenship Teaching says it understands the topic will be made non-statutory in the coming curriculum reorganization ‘ . Besides in the white paper ‘the importance of learning ‘ there is no reference of citizenship instruction in this papers but they do discourse PSHE it this papers. So from this the hereafter of citizenship instruction looks black unless people run to salvage this from go oning. In my sentiment I think that citizenship should and should non be portion of the course of study because it is the lone topic that educates kids about political relations. On the other manus this topic should non be in the course of study because kids find this topic drilling and they merely muss around in these lessons. If this happens it will do UK the least political literate.

This subdivision will discourse the positions of those learning spiritual instruction are: that adding another lesson such as citizenship in the course of study, will give less clip for spiritual instruction to be taught to pupils. Broadbent and Brown ( 2002 p.174 ) ‘concerns expressed by instructors of spiritual instruction that the inclusion of distinct lessons of PSHE and citizenship instruction might badly infringe upon curriculum clip hitherto allotted to RE ‘ . In contrast to this argument Citizenship instruction will non impact the position of spiritual instruction in the course of study. Blunkett states ‘religious instruction ‘s place in the course of study will stay unchanged ( Watson 2004, p.260 ) . The other side of the argument could be acquiring rid of spiritual instruction. Watson. ( 2004, p.260 ) recommends the replacing of spiritual instruction with citizenship instruction in province schools. However the positions of those learning citizenship in schools are that it is of import for kids to understand and esteem themselves and others. Trusting others and holding high ego assurance when in treatment and debating with one another is of import. However some are disquieted it could turn into a civic lesson. Some instructors wanted citizenship to replace spiritual instruction because we can learn these values in citizenship of being of good citizen in society.

My experience of citizenship in schools was non really good because we did non larn about this topic but we did analyze PSHE which was during tutorials. Throughout this period we carried out activities such as worksheets on drugs and sex instruction. We did non larn approximately political facets or how to be good citizens in this lesson and we did non hold arguments on issues. I have besides enclosed a school timetable on how citizenship instruction is included in the course of study. From looking at the timetable they teach citizenship as an person topic, which is taught every hebdomad for one hr. When I asked some students what they thought of citizenship about all the students I asked said that it is deadening and the lone thing the category did was misbehave and muss about in this lesson. Rutter ( 2002, p.76 ) suggests that ‘pupil motive towards citizenship instruction is hapless ‘ . They besides told me that the instructor did non care that kids were misconducting in category. The ground for this could be that the instructor whom was learning this talk was non a specializer instructor in this field but I found that she was a scientific discipline instructor asked to learn this lesson. Harmonizing to Rutter most schools citizenship instruction Idaho taught by non specializer whom have no experience in learning societal scientific disciplines.

In decision citizenship will learn the political side of the position point and about society. Since Watson ( 2004, p.267 ) argues that ‘citizenship instruction while educating for citizenship in its ain right by developing apprehension of our society and peculiar parts spiritual argument can do to the development of the active citizen ‘ . Citizenship instruction has a figure of failings as discussed in this assignment antecedently. But the chief 1s are that there are few specializer instructors which lead the school to inquire non specializer instructors to learn this lesson and these instructors lack cognition in this country.