Supermarket

1. INTRODUCTION One of the main reasons research into customer complaints is important is because of competition (Van Horne & Wachowicz, 2000). All Hypermarkets become highly competitive in terms of winning the customers. Hypermarkets which do not get feedback from their customers about their service run the risk of losing them. In addition, if the Hypermarket does not look into this area seriously, the Hypermarket will not have the knowledge to make the necessary changes to their service.

To maintain the good reputation for the Hypermarket and the deals between the supplier and the Hypermarket, there is a need to investigate and solve the issue of peculiar taste in frozen lambs sold in the Hypermarket in order to prevent such situation from happening again. Hence, this report will firstly describe the issue that occurs in the Hypermarket, which is the frozen lamb produce peculiar taste after cooking.

Then, the report will discuss four possible problems that lead to the situation which are failure to follow the criteria given for every product delivered, low quality product, improper checking when receiving the product and poor management of the stock storage. Besides discussing about the possible problems this report also will provide three solutions and recommendations to prevent this situation from occuring again which are discussion, send staffs for training and courses in handling the stock and service the stock storage. 2. 0 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

In the third week of September, 2011, the Hypermarket has received more than five customers’ complaints regarding the frozen lamb sold in the Hypermarket. Most of the frozen lamb produced peculiar taste after being cooked. As a result, the customers who bought the frozen lamb and ate them complained that they suffered stomach ache and diarrhea. Looking at these complaints, the Hypermarket feels that this issue should be looked at seriously; as it might cause negative consequences to the Hypermarket such as loosing more customers and decreasing in sales.

As such, the Hypermarket believes that in depth investigation and thorough report should be given to the Branch Manager so that this situation would be prevented. 3. FACTORS THAT LEAD TO THE PROBLEM 1. Failure to Follow the Criteria Given for Every Product Based on the customers’ complaints and discussion among the staffs, one of the possible factors that lead to the peculiar taste of the frozen lamb is failure to follow the criterias given by the Hypermarket. For every order made by the Hypermarket, there will be a list of criterias that should be followed by the supplier.

These criterias are significantly important and ought to be followed because it has considered every aspect when choosing a product (Rao, 1989). For instance, when the Hypermarket requests for frozen meat particularly frozen lamb, the supplier has been given several criterias that should be obeyed to. Some of the criterias are the frozen lamb should be safe to be cooked and kept in the freezer, for example. This is to ensure that the frozen lamb are safe to be used, produce good taste while cooking, and will not lead to unhealthy diseases such as diarrhea and stomach ache.

Since the complaints are focusing on the peculiar taste, this shows that the supplier has failed to meet the requirements needed. The frozen lamb has produced peculiar taste and resulted negative consequences to the customers. Basically, the Hypermarket believes that the problem aroused is due to the suppliers’ failure to ensure that the frozen lamb has meet the requirements. Moreover, following these requirements are one of the major issues that has been focused when choosing the supplier.

Thus, strict actions and improvements should be made on this area, so that this issue would not happen in future. 2. Low Quality Product Apart from failure to follow the criterias given, another factor that might contribute to the problem is the low level of quality product. According to Deloof and Jeggers (1996), quality can be defined a state of being free from defects, deficiencies and significant variations, brought about by the strict and consistent adherence to measurable and verifiable standards to achieve uniformity of output that satisfies specific customer or user requirements.

This means that having a good quality product provides a confirmation to customers that the product they buy are well measured, built and produced. It is important to have a good quality product; this will retain customers on buying that particular product because they trust the product. In relation with the problem faced byt the Hypermarket, the frozen lamb supplied by the branch might be considered as low quality product as it produces peculiar taste. This might due to the condition of the lamb itself, and how it is being run by the staffs.

Furthermore, the lamb might be received in unfresh condition, or it has been taken from unreliable sources. Therefore, this report is to ensure that the branch will reevaluate the supplier of the lamb, so that this situation could be prevented in future. Besides, having low quality product will increase company expenses, as customers will keep on returning the product that they bought (Long, Malitz & Abraham, 1993). Consequently, there will be another process of reevaluating the product which demand cost and time.

This will somehow decrease the sales of the product and increase the budget for that particular product which in this case, the frozen lamb. Hence, a thorough evaluation on where the lamb is taken from should be done to ensure the good quality of the frozen lamb that being sent to the Hypermarket. 3. Improper Product Checking when Receiving and Delivering The third possible factor that leads to the peculiar taste of the frozen lamb is improper product checking during receiving and delivering. It is off paramount importance for the sender and receiver to check on every product when they arrive at the storage place.

This stage is known as internal control where before we deliver the product to our branch or sell it in front of the customers, there is a need to check on every single product receive (Deloof & Jeggers, 1996). This is to ensure that every product is in their best condition. Sometimes the product might be over- looked from the outside. However, due to the delivery service the product might be damaged or having defects. Hence, it is very important to check on the product entirely so that these possible situation would not happen.

In conjunction with the problem of hampering the frozen lamb, some of the issues regarding improper product checking are; the branch and the hypermarket might not do proper checking when sending and receiving the frozen lamb. The branch should do thorough checking of the frozen lamb when receiving from the supplier before the frozen lamb are sent to the Hypermarket. Many external factors should be looked at while delivering the frozen lamb to the Hypermarket because through out this period there are numerous possibilities for the lamb to be defected.

For example, some of the frozen lambs might probably fall out of the storage in the lorry, and this has affecting the lamb as well as the taste of the lamb when cooking. Thus, whenever a product is received, there is a need to check each of the product condition, so that we could avoid any negative experiences with the customer. 4. Poor Management of the Stock Storage The fourth possible factors that contribute to the problem occured in the Hypermarket would be poor management of the stock storage.

Basically, There are five principles of stock storage that should be followed which are labelling, position, rotation, humidity and temperature (Doyle, Beauchat & Montville, 1997). For each product that being kept in the storage, it must follow closely this principles based on what type are they (Pitt & Hocking, 1997). For instance, the raw materials and ingredients stored in establishment shall be kept in appropriate conditions, as to prevent harmful deterioration and to protect them from contamination. In addition, items such as cleaning chemicals, other chemicals, and insect and rodent poisons in separate areas to food and food packaging.

There are two types of storage which are dry goods and chilled storage that could cater to frozen and dried products (Palmer, 1983). Knowing these principles of stock storage and the appropriate way of handling the storage, it shows that there could be some mishandling cases that lead to the peculiar taste of the frozen lamb. The staffs might not securely and completely wrapped all the frozen lamb in refrigerators and freezers. In addition, the workers might not use accurate trays or containers while keeping the frozen lamb.

Regenstein & Regenstein (1979) revealed that it is important to wrap all the frozen lambs in order to prevent cross-contamination and to maintain quality. Besides, the trays or containers should have enough space for liquid from defrosting items, or blood, from the lamb. Instead of the stock storage, the stock rotation of in the stock storage should be looked at as well. A suitable system of stock rotation should be applied to make sure older foods are used first to avoid spoilage. This applies to chilled and frozen foods as well as other products (Regenstein & Regenstein, 2000).

For example, foods with an expired ‘use by’ date, which you are returning to the supplier for credit, should be clearly marked to show they are not intended for sale or place them in a clearly marked container. In relation to the frozen lamb case in the Hypermarket, these principles might be overlooked and caused peculiar taste. The frozen lamb might be expired or not being kept securely in the chilled storage. As stock management is the utmost possible reason that leads to the peculiar teaste of the frozen lamb, strict actions should be given in this area so that this problem would not be happening again. . SOLUTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS TO SOLVE THE PROBLEM 1. Discussion Apart from seeking for the possible factors that lead to the peculiar taste of the frozen lamb, the purpose of this report is also to suggest ways to improve and overcome this situation. The first strategy that should be taken to address the issue is by having a discussion between the supplier, the branch manager and the store manager. The discussion is effective to be conducted, as it involves a process of exchanging the ideas and opinions.

The involved parties could brainstorm and become more aware of the problem (Richard & Laughlin, 1980). Furthermore, it shows that through discussion allows every side to solve the problem and able to implement the strategies to overcome the problem. Besides, the discussion would be a form of verbal warning to the supplier and other branches that this situation should not happen again in future. In case it happens, everybody would be aware of the other consequences such as the cancellation of the deal where the Hypermarket could request to change to a new supplier. . Training and Courses for Staffs Secondly, after having in depth discussion in investigating the issue of the peculiar taste of the frozen lamb, there must be other follow up solutions that need to be done in order to prevent this situation from happening again. It is important to ensure that every staff in this area are well informed about the job scope (Maher & Graves, 2007). Every staff ought to attend a training and courses before being employed. The training and courses are designed to enhance the quality of every staff’s service.

For example, every staff needs to understand analytically on how to run dry goods and frozen products. The staffs should be aware that the stocks that will be expired in a short time should be marked clearly. This is to avoid the products from being arranged and displayed in the shelves. Furthermore, the staffs should aware that expired or nearly expired product will cause negative consequences to the customer if they happen to buy them. In the case of frozen lamb in the Hypermarket, one of the possible reasons that lead to the problem is perhaps the lamb has reached the expiry date.

The selected staffs must know how to manage and arrange frozen foods such as lamb in order to retain the quality of frozen lamb in the Hypermarket. This proves that through training and courses the management of the every product sold in the Hypermarket could be enhanced tremendously. These types of training and courses are also valuable in maintaning the quality of every staff’s service. Apart from merely learning how to handle the product in practical, there is a strong need to provide sufficient theoretical input of it to every staff. Hence, it would be beneficial to conduct a test at the end of the training and courses.

The purpose of the test is to set a standard (Hind, Moss & McKellan, 2007) before the Hypermarket employ somebody into the field. Therefore, every staff have to pass the test and this will somehow maintain the quality service offered by the Hypermarket. Consequently, such situation like having frozen lamb with peculiar taste could be prevented from happening again. 3. Service the Stock Storage Regularly Finally, one of the utmost important ways to solve the problem regarding the peculiar taste of frozen lamb in the Hypermarket is servicing the stock storage regularly.

It is known that stock storage is a place where all the products are being kept (Palmer, 1983). The importance of having storage is to ensure the availability of the products. In the storage, all products are being storaged according to the type of food whether they are dry goods or chilled foods. In addition, the shelf life and date codes of items can be determined based on the correct storage conditions, including temperatures and labels (Doyle, Beauchat & Montville, 1997).

For instance, food with a short shelf life in which food poisoning organisms can grow such as frozen foods are labelled with a USE BY date (Pitt & Hocking, 1997). It is an offence to have on display, or sell, food after the use by date has expired, even if it appears to still be fit to eat. These are some of the rules that should be followed in the stock storage. To ensure that the storage is safe for every product to be kept; therefore, regular servicing should be done.

Regular servicing is to prevent defects and deficiencis of the products such as cockroach bites at the edge of the packaging or for chilled food, there will be bacteria in the food due to inappropriate temperature (Regeinstein & Regenstein, 2000). Doyle, Beauchat and Montville (1997) also suggested that the storage should be serviced at least once a month in order to maintain the cleanliness of the storage and safety of the products. Instead of servicing the storage as a whole, the place where we keep frozen foods is most important to be serviced monthly.

This is due to the condition of the food like frozen foods tend to produce excessive water and smell due to their type of food. For example, frozen lamb will definitely produce blood and water but in frozen condition. These excessive waste will stay in the storage even we have taken out the food from the place. So, to clean up the storage twice a month is appropriate in order to avoid contamination from happening to the frozen food. Besides, packaging and wrapping materials and catering disposables to be used for food should also be kept in clean, dry, pest and contamination free stores (Pitt & Hocking, 1997).

Thus, in relation to the frozen lamb in the Hypermarket, regardless of the supplier, the branch manager and the hypermarket, the stock storage in every place should be serviced regularly to prevent contamination. As a result, any incident like peculiar taste from the frozen lamb could be avoided from happening again in future. 5. CONCLUSION In summary, this report has elaborated three main areas that should be looked at in order to solve the issue of peculiar taste for the frozen lamb in the Hypermarket which are problem, factors and solutions.

The report has identified that the peculiar taste produced by the frozen lamb result several consequences to the Hypermarket. Some of them are; the customers suffer diarrhea and stomach ache after eating the lamb and several complaints about similar issue have received. The Hypermarket believes that this issue should be investigated in order to retain customers. There are four factors that have been identified which are failure to follow the criteria given for every product delivered, low quality product, improper checking when receiving the product and poor management of the stock storage.

Thus, to solve this situation as well as address these factors, this report has come out with three solutions which are discussion, send staffs for training and courses in handling the stock and service the stock storage. It is hoped that this report will be beneficial to all parties especially the Hypermarket in addressing the issue of peculiar taste produced by the frozen lamb. To ensure the success of a business, everybody should play a big role in making that happen. (2780 words)

Main Idea: The super giant retailer WalMart has a negative impact upon many aspects of society, both local and worldwide, and as a result the American people should not support WalMart.

Introduction:

Class: How many people shop at Walmart? (just want to get an idea)

Walmart is extremely popular nowadays. They have a diverse group of customers. the retail giant features 180,000 square foot super centers that sell everything from tires to groceries. You can buy practically anything from walmart. “Always Low Prices” or “Save money and live better”, are a few of their advertising slogans. in reality though Walmart’s pledge should be “Always Low Prices, Always Low Wages, Always Low Morals, and Always Low Ethics!”. Walmart is a mammoth corp that hauls off a stunning $220 Billion a year from its customers, resulting in a net profit of over 7 billion dollars a year for the company . The famous blue vests of associates and low prices are not only common symbols in the United States, but also in nine foreign countries around the world.

tonight we’re going to learn how Walmart forces small businesses out of business, sends jobs overseas to countries like China while abusing human rights, pay its associates poverty level wages and lastly i want to point out why we Americans should not support walmart.

So first, let’s talk about how walmart forces small businesses out of business.

I. Walmart Forces Small Businesses Out Of Business.

A. According to the LA Times, Shan Li quoted ” When Walmart builds a store in town, it wipes out the economy of the town and forces small businesses out of buisness”.

1.The reason so many small businesses in the towns are negatively affected is that walmart has the freedom that most of these small businesses don’t have, the freedom to buy items super cheap.

2. over and over again, when walmarts opens one of its stores in a city or town, within a short amount of time, two years or less, dozens of other businesses close their doors.

a. A study conducted by Loyola University Chicago found that when a Walmart opens in a new market, median sales drop 40% at similar high-volume stores, 17% at supermarkets and 6% at drugstores.

b. the State of Iowa for example, during a ten year period from 1983 to 1993, which was one of the first states Walmart expanded into during that time frame, they indirectly caused the closing of 555 grocery stores or supermarkets, 290 building supply stores, and roughly 250 clothing stores.

c. Just imagine the impact if you multiply these types of number times the 30 some states walmart has now expanded into.

now that we have learned how walmart pushes mom and paps shops out lets take a look at how walmart sends jobs, overseas.

II. Sends Jobs Overseas

A. Not only does walmart import 1.5 billion dollars worth of goods from china every year, but they also put an extreme amount of pressure on their suppliers to lower the cost of their goods, therefore driving those suppliers offshore in their efforts to lower the cost of production.

1. Many of these jobs are sent to China where the workers work for a fraction of what American workers’ wages are.

2. Shockingly, according to the ________ it is estimated that, “Walmart out-sources as much as $4 billion dollars worth of goods a week overseas.

B. When jobs are sent to countries like China, Walmart abuses their Human Rights.

1. As if it isn’t bad enough that walmart is sending millions of american jobs overseas, but according to Charlie Kern of the National Labor Committee, “in country after country, factories that produce for walmart are the worst” in terms of human right abuses. He goes on to say that ” walmart is acutally lowering the standards in China by slashing wages and imposing long madatory overtime shifts.

a. to illustrate this problem according to an article by Jim Hightower calling for the boycott of Walmart, “although china’s minimum wage is 31 cents an hour, the workers who work in factories making things for walmart average just 13 cents an hour, that’s more than half the pay cut.

b. these workers are literally sickened by their jobs where there is no health and safety enforcement.

1. workers have headaches and nausea from the paint and dust in the air, and the temp tops 100 degrees for workers in the factories during summer.

lastly i want to mention how walmart pays its associates poverty level wages.

III. Low level wages for employees

A. In the US, the average full time walmart associate makes an annual wage of $14,000 which is considered below peverty level.

B. At this level of income, most of walmart employees can’t even afford to shop at walmart.

C. Now that you know why walmart has such a negative impact on our society, i want to tell you what we must do to solve this problem.

IV. Americans should not support walmart.

A. Concerned Americans, like you and me, should flex our muscles and all together boycott walmart whenever possible.

B. we should purchase items we need from other sources.

C. If there is another business in town, especially a locally owned business, purchase what you need from that business.

D. Lastly, i would like each of you to spread the word about the evil-empire of walmart.

1. Tell your neighbors, friends, and family members about walmart’s negative impact on society and ask them to join you not to support walmart.

2. if we all work together, the American people can bring walmart to its knees, just as it has done to thousands of businesses.

Conclusion

Walmart is a predator of the worst kind, the kind that destroys lives and cities for money. Today i hope each of you now know why , and other countries as well, also why you should not support walmart. Next time you need some paper towels or a bag of chips, wont you please go to your neighborhood grocery store or another retailer to purchase those things? you wont miss the extra couple of cents you might save especially when you know the expense those few cents might cost someone else.

Principles of Marketing Principles of Marketing 2012 Name: Robert Barnes Student Number: 21154021 Institution: University of West London Word count: 1455 2012 Name: Robert Barnes Student Number: 21154021 Institution: University of West London Word count: 1455 Table of Contents 1. 0 Introduction2 2. 0 Question 1 3 2. 1 Personality 3 2. 2 Motivation6 2. 3 Conflict6 3. 0 Question 2 8 Bibliography9 1. 0 Introduction The case study I have chosen to cover is “Breezing out for a night on the tiles”. It discusses the rise of the premium pre-mixed drinks industry between 1995-2000, in particular the Bacardi Breezer brand.

It looks at the marketing activity which has taken place and the brand association the marketers aimed to achieve. In this report I will be exploring the buying process involved when purchasing an alcoholic beverage, the influencing factors when making a decision and the role that marketing plays, in these decisions. The definition of marketing is “The management process which identifies anticipates and supplies customer requirements efficiently and profitably. ” Adrian Palmer 2004 Personality noun (plural personalities)

The coon of characteristics or qualities that form an individual’s distinctive character: – Oxford Dictionary 2012 ENTJ Frank, decisive, assume leadership readily. Quickly see illogical and inefficient procedures and policies, develop and implement comprehensive systems to solve organisational problems. Enjoy long-term planning and goal setting. Usually well informed, well read, enjoy expanding their knowledge and passing it on to others. Forceful in presenting their ideas. – Introduction to Type, Sixth Edition by Isabel Briggs-Myers 1998 2. 0 Question 1

Q. Give an overview of how the buying decision-making process might work for purchasing an alcoholic drink in a pub or club. How would this differ when purchasing alcohol in a supermarket or off licence? A. The Theory To answer this question we first need to look at the theories in marketing associated to the buying process, influences and behaviours. Diagram 2. 0 is the structure of the buying process based on the “Cognitive Paradigm” theory (Pickton and Broderick 2001) which focuses on the individuals thought process, during a buying decision.

It assumes that the buying decision is approached as a problem solving activity and that the consumer is being rational throughout the process. It is widely used as the default theory by marketers and sales professionals when structuring campaigns. It does not however accurately describe the process that occurs during extreme impulse or irrational purchases, which are both, almost intangible processes. For the purpose of this exercise, we will assume that the responsible purchase of alcohol is approached, both rationally and thoughtfully. Diagram 2. 0 – The Buying Process. Source: Marketing Communications, by John Egan. 2007) Step 1 of the process is the “Problem Recognition”. This is the identification of a need, such as “I am hungry, therefore I need to eat”. It can however be very complex and the consumer may require education or informing before recognising a problem exists, such as a dentist telling you, you need a filling, even though you hadn’t felt any pain in that tooth. Marketers can exploit this step by feeding information to consumers for goods and services, they hadn’t realised they needed. Step 2 of the process is the “Information Search”.

This is when an individual has identified a need but may need to research to find the right solution. For example, if a student identifies a need for a computer, but has a limited budget, he or she might research information to identify the best option for the budget they have. This step can skipped if the consumer has enough knowledge, regarding the possible solutions. Step 3 of the process is “Evaluation”. This is when more than one option is available to solve the identified need, and the consumer wants to experience these before purchasing. An example would be someone test driving multiple cars before purchasing one.

Effectively they will all satisfy the same need, but the consumer wants to know what the experience is, before making the decision. This step can skipped if the consumer has previous experience or is happy with a certain product or service beforehand. Step 4 of the process is “Decision”. This is simply the final choose for a solution to the identified need, after weighing up all options. Again, a consumer can move directly to this step from “Problem Recognition” if enough prior knowledge exists. Step 5 of the process is “Purchase”. This is when the decision is executed and the goods or services are acquired.

Step 6 of the process is “Post-Purchase Evaluation”. This is when you access you satisfaction with your product or service after you have acquired it. If a great experience is had, it will lead to a higher likelihood that you will purchase that product or service again. Applying the theory Table 2. 0 is an application of the above theory, for an individual going through the buying process at both a club and supermarket. Buying Process Step| Nightclub or Pub| Supermarket| Problem Recognition| * A want to let loose. * A need for confidence. * A desire to fit in or stand-out. An aspiration to impress. | * Alcohol for cooking. * Thoughts of a night in. * A desire to relax and unwind. * Drinks for guests and friends. * Cheap drinks before going out. | Information Search| * Advertisement around the club. * Bottles behind the bar. * Drink & cocktail menus. * What others are drinking. * Peer and/or social pressure. | * The label on the bottle. * Prices and special offers. * Staff knowledge. | Evaluation| * Tasting a friends drink. * Design of the bottle. * Recognition of a brand. | * Description on label. * Design and quality of bottle. Alcohol percentage. * Brand recognition. | Decision| * Information processed and decision made. | * Information processed and decision made. | Purchase| * Majority of exchanges in cash. | * Majority of exchanges by credit card. | Post-Purchase Evaluation| * Did that get me drunk? * Did I like the taste? * Do I want another one? * Did it give me a hangover? | * Did I like the taste? * Was it good value? * Will I buy it again? * Did it get me to the desired level of drunkenness? | Table 2. 0 – The Buying Process of Alcohol in Different Environments.

What this application of theory shows, is that there are different factors in play when buying alcohol in a club or pub compared to a supermarket, but the process remains the same. These factors are different mostly due to the environment, information availability, the individual’s intent and marketing strategies. If selling a drink in a club or pub it is more important for your drink to be seen as “cool” socially and price is less of a factor whereas if selling in a supermarket, your drink needs to be competitively priced yet still demonstrate a level of quality. 3. 0 Question 2 Q.

Detail the individual and group influences that are likely to affect someone’s choice of drink brand? A. The Theory Diagram 3. 0 demonstrates the individual and group influencing factors when making a buying decision. Diagram 2. 1 – Factors affecting buying decisions. (Source: Marketing Communications, by John Egan. 2007) Our strongest influences when making a buying decision are our internal beliefs and values. These include Attitude, Perception, Learning, Memory and Motivation. The next in terms of influencing power are Primary Groups. Primary groups are made up of close friends, family and people who you respect.

You are affected by these groups by the opinions and values they hold. The next group in terms of influencing power is the Secondary Group. This group is made up of people you know but not closely, or people who you may aspire to be like. Lastly there are influences depending on your Culture, Race or Religion, that will affect your decision when buying something. There are also External factors that include things that are beyond your control, such as Fashion, Law, Time ect. So how do these factors affect someone when buying an alcoholic drink?

Well if I was out with my family, I would be unlikely to order shots, as they would not approve, whereas if I was out with close friends, then this would be the opposite. The secondary group has the same effect, but is less powerful in its influence. 4. 0 Question 3 Q. Explain the roles of the various marketing activities described in this case in influencing consumer behaviour. A. In 2000 Bacardi spent ? 14m on a campaign to promote their brand “Bacardi Breezer”. The reason to do this is to influence people decisions when making a buying decision. Bacardi’s first large campaign was in 1999 when they spent ? 5. 6m.

The campaign was headlined with the slogan “there’s Latin spirit in everyone” aimed at the 18-24 year old market. This campaign was created to give the brand an exotic, cool to be seen drinking appeal and was aimed at the demographic that would most likely be drinking in an environment where these factors we important in their buying decision. This campaign established Bacardi Breezer as one of the major players in the alco-pop industry. Bibliography * John Martin, 2010. Organizational Behaviour & Management. 4th Revised edition Edition. South Western Educational Publishing. * John Martin, 2004. Organizational Behaviour And Management. Edition. Thomson Learning. * Laurie J. Mullins, 2006. Essentials of Management and Organisational Behaviour. Edition. FT Press. * Isabel Briggs Myers, 1998. Introduction to Type: A Guide to Understanding Your Results on the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. 6th Edition. Center for Applications of. * Adrian Furnham, 2008. Personality and Intelligence at Work: Exploring and Explaining Individual Differences at Work. 1 Edition. Routledge. * Stephen P. Robins, 2010. Organizational Behaviour. 1 Edition. Pearson Books. * John Ivancevich, 2010. Organizational Behavior and Management. 9 Edition. McGraw-Hill/Irwin

? WHAT IS DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL ? According to Kotler (1991: 279) distribution channel is a group company or individual who has ownership of the products or rights of ownership to help move the product or service when it is moved from producer to consumer. According to David revzan.. pathway used by the flow of goods from producers to intermediate goods and eventually into the hands of end users Manajemen distribusi berbasis teori dan praktek “david sukardi kodrat” ? 3. factor of distribution channels Producer Product intermediaries (warehouse transportation, distributor, retail) Management sytem Manajemen pemasaran kotler ? . Function of Distribution Channel Acording to Philip Kotler (1997 : 531-532), in a distribution channel, distribution channel members perform multiple functions Information Promotion Ordering Payment Title. Physical Possesion, Financing Risk Taking Kotler (1997 : 531-532) Manajemen pemasaran kotler ? 5. Modern distribution channels, is a new wayModern distribution channel to distribute goods through retail stores are modern and comfortable. provide addedproviding service and good quality goods to consumers,, value in shopping for consumers,, http://oluwabamidele. logspot. com/ & manajemen pemasaran kotler ? retail6. retail management business is covering all activities in direct sales to consumer end, for personal needs , not business.. Acording, kotler (2001;56) Manajemen pemasaran kotler ? 7. Retail retail store isstore companies whose Minimarket Supermarket primary function sells Hypermarket products to consumers Convenince store end for personal use grosir Manajemen pemasaran kotler & manajemen distribusi teori dan prakterk “david sukardi kodrat” ? aily needs implement self-service system small-sized (100m2 s / d 999m2) a modern grocery store8. Minimarket ? medium-sized (1. 000m2 s / d 4. 999m2) Have parking area full and varied products9. supermarket ? Have parking area Full facilities Have parking area full and varied products10. hypermarket ? 11. Convenience stores are retail like a mini, but moreConvenience store selling food and drinks ready meals and is open 24 hours. comfortable waiting facilities,, Convenience stores usually can be found in crowded places, gas stations, and other public spaces ? 2. wholesale Here all the items available. loading and unloading in the wholesale Have parking area 5000 m2 area cheaper price ? 13. Marketing mix Acording to Philip Kotler (1997 : 531-532), ? 14. increased consumer absorb laborpositive impact of retail stores Asosiasi perusahaan retail indonesia(Aprindo),satisfaction ? 15. threat threat to traditional marketsnegative impact of retail stores poor distribution of income in societySource: acto the micro sector nielson,appsi,kompas ? Indrajit and16.

Distribution in SCM Djokopranoto According Winardi (2005) “supply chain” is a (1989:299) is the series of relationships distribution channel is an between companies or intermediate group closely activities that carry out the related to each other and distribution of supplies of distribute the products to goods or services involving the buyer. a continuous relationship of goods, money and information from the place of origin to the buyer or customer, either from upstream to downstream or otherwise ? 17.

Chopra and Meindl (2001) thatthere are five main actors IN SCM SUPPLIER MANUFACTURER DISTRIBUTITOR RETAIL CUSTOMER ? is modern distribution channels18. CONCLUTION is a new way of delivering goods to consumers using intermediaries modern retail stores, including mini market, supermarket, hypermarket, grocery and convenience stores, APAKAH CHANNEL DISTRIBUSI? Menurut Kotler (1991: 279) saluran distribusi adalah perusahaan kelompok atau individu yang memiliki kepemilikan produk atau hak kepemilikan untuk membantu memindahkan produk atau jasa ketika akan dipindahkan dari produsen ke konsumen.

Menurut David revzan .. jalur yang digunakan oleh arus barang dari produsen ke barang setengah jadi dan akhirnya ke tangan pengguna akhir Manajemen Distribusi berbasis Teori Dan praktek “david Sukardi kodrat” 3. faktor perantara (gudang Produsen Produk saluran distribusi Manajemen Sistem Manajemen pemasarantransportasi, distributor, retail) Kotler 4. Fungsi distribusi menurut Philip Kotler (1997: 531-532), dalamSaluran Distribusi saluran distribusi, distribusi anggota saluran melakukan beberapa fungsi Pembayaran Pengurutan Judul.

Informasi Promosi Pembiayaan Risk Taking Kotler (1997: 531-532) Manajemen pemasaran Kotler possesion fisik, 5. Saluran saluran distribusi modern, merupakan cara barudistribusi modern untuk mendistribusikan barang melalui toko ritel modern dan nyaman. memberikan pelayanan dan kualitas barang yang baik kepada konsumen,, memberikan nilai tambah bagi konsumen dalam berbelanja,, http://oluwabamidele. blogspot. com / & Manajemen pemasaran Kotler 6. manajemen bisnis ritel yang mencakup semua kegiatan dalam penjualanritel langsung ke konsumen akhir, untuk kebutuhan pribadi, bukan bisnis ..

Acording, Kotler (2001; 56) Manajemen pemasaran Kotler 7. Toko Supermarket Minimarket perusahaan yang toko ritel adalah ritel end toko Hypermarket kepada konsumen fungsi utama menjual produk grosir Manajemen pemasaran Kotlerconvenince untuk penggunaan pribadi & Manajemen Distribusi Teori Dan prakterk “david Sukardi kodrat” 8. Minimarket berukuran kecil (100m2 s / d 999m2) sebuah toko kelontong modern kebutuhan sehari-harimenerapkan self-service sistem 9. menengah (1. 000m2 s / d 4. 999m2) Memiliki area parkir penuh dan beragam produk supermarket 10.

Memiliki parkir Fasilitas lengkap Memiliki area parkir produk lengkap dan bervariasi hypermarket 11. Toko-toko retail yang seperti mini, tapi lebih banyak menjual makanan makanan dan minuman siap dan buka 24 jam. Toko Fasilitas tunggu yang nyaman,, Toko-toko biasanya dapat ditemukan di tempat-tempat keramaian, pompa bensin, dan ruang publik lainnya 12. harga murah daerah 5000 m2 grosir Memiliki area parkir bongkar muat di Di sini semua item yang tersedia. grosir 13. Acording ke Philip Kotler (1997: 531-532),Bauran pemasaran 14. ampak kepuasan konsumen menyerap tenaga kerja positif dari toko ritel Asosiasi PERUSAHAAN ritel Indonesia (Aprindo),meningkat 15. dampak ancaman bagi ancaman bagi pasar tradisional negatif dari toko ritel distribusi miskin pendapatan di societySource: acsektor mikro nielson, APPSI, kompas 16. Distribusi Menurut Winardi (2005) “rantai Indrajit dan Djokopranoto di SCM pasokan” adalah (1989:299) adalah rangkaian saluran distribusi hubungan adalah antara perusahaan atau kelompok menengah erat kegiatan yang melaksanakan terkait satu sama lain dan distribusi dari pasokan mendistribusikan produk barang atau jasa yang melibatkan pembeli. ubungan berkelanjutan barang, uang dan informasi dari tempat asal ke pembeli atau pelanggan, baik dari hulu ke hilir atau sebaliknya 17. Chopra dan Meindl (2001) thatthere lima aktor utama DALAM PRODUSEN SUPPLIER PELANGGAN SCM DISTRIBUTITOR ECERAN 18. KESIMPULAN adalah saluran distribusi modern adalah cara baru memberikan barang ke konsumen dengan menggunakan perantara toko ritel modern, termasuk mini market, supermarket, hypermarket, toko dan toko-toko,

* FDI will lead to job losses. Small retailers and other small ‘Kirana store owners’ will suffer a large loss. Giant retailers and Supermarkets like Walmart, Carrefour, etc. will displace small retailers. * Supermarkets will establish their monopoly in the Indian market. Because of supermarket’s fine tuning, they will get goods on low price and they will sell it on low price than small retailers, it will decrease the sell of small retailers. Jobs in the manufacturing sector will be lost because foreign giants will purchase their goods from the international market and not from domestic sources. This has been the experience of most countries which have allowed FDI in retail. Although, our country had made a condition that they must source a minimum of 30% of their goods from Indian micro and small industries, we can’t stop them from purchasing goods from international markets as per WTO law. So after coming to India, they can reduce this 30% by litigating at the WTO.

So far India has not allowed FDI in retail and allows these giants to operate stores which can deal only with registered business. For e. g. , Metro, a well known retailing giant of Germany is allowed to sell only to businesses which serve the front end customers like us. The retail industry can be divided into organized and unorganized sector. The organized retailing is which are backed by corporate giants like Reliance, Future etc. Unorganized retailing refers to the traditional shops which are basically no frills business.

Organized sector can be compared to premium airlines whereas unorganized sector can be compared to low cost ones. However like in airline industry the unorganized sector contributes 98% of the total trade. However inspite of being well served by our home grown retailers, the government is toying up with the idea of opening retail for foreign companies. That brings us to the question on what exactly do they bring to the table. The answer is a lot of heartburns and a little respite to the country in terms of managing the food produce in the country.

1) For this assignment I decided to visit the Tom Thumb Supermarket located in Lovers Lane. When I walked into the supermarket the first thing I saw was a stand in the middle of a small-like room in which people get the kart to do their shopping. In this stand there were organic fruits such as apples, peaches, melons, kiwi and a couple of other small fruits. All of them contained the yellow sign of “every day savings”, meaning that the fruits were on a discount from their regular prices. I think that the retailer strategically puts these items in the entrance since they know fruits are a high demand product for consumers.

Once I passed through the doors and into the supermarket, I observed a flower stand with many flowers for sale and many stands containing chips and many soft drinks that came in boxes like coca-cola, sprite, Canada dry and others. I think that the flowers are great location since they attract every consumer that walks into the supermarket independently if he/she is going to buy flowers or not. It also gives a better experience to the consumer as he walks in, since flowers are produce a sense of calm for many. ) As I walked through the supermarket, I reached the pharmacy of the supermarket. As I had seen in many places before such as CVS and Walgreens, this supermarket also had generic brands in many of the medications being sold. These generic brands were found among the most common medications sold daily. Beside Advil, Tylenol, and ZzzQuil, there were the generic products. The generic products had a simpler look from the outside than the national brand names, but contained the exact same ingredients as the national brands, for $2 and up to $3 dollars less in most cases.

There were also generic products for well-known brands such as Tums, Mucinex, Aleve, Alka-Seltzer, and even Pepto Bismol. I believe that that these brands are positioned this way so the consumer is able to compare the national brand to a generic product and realize that the only difference between them is the price and a nice looking box. 3) While walking through the aisles I realized that there were products at the end-of-aisle that were not from the same category as the aisle. There was a similarity between all of these products that were located at the end-cap.

The majority of these items were snacks or small products for daily use. These items were mostly chips, there were some with water and it was the cheapest one, one contained small toys, wine, and soft drinks. I believe that these items are located at the end-cap since it is something that almost every consumer likes and wants. So it is a strategic location for retailers to place products that have a very high demand. 4) I was not shocked to see an item that was displayed in two different locations since it was one that we usually do not relate to a supermarket.

While walking to the pharmacy there was a stand in the middle of the aisle. This stand contained ceramic plates and silverware, there were also a few toys and a lot of hard plastic containers for water or drinks. These items were located in a different area than they usually are. I imagine that these products do not have a lot of demand. So the retailer tries to create this demand by separating the product into two locations and probably attract consumers in different locations such as the pharmacy that could be more interested in the product. ) When I went to the mustard category I realized that the most expensive type of mustard were also among the most famous brands. The most expensive mustard was Heinz, followed by other brands such as Safeway, Guldens, Jack Daniels, and Grey Poupon, which were in the same price range. The cheapest mustard was the French’s brand, which I am almost sure is no different than the Heinz mustard. The differences in prices among the mustards were also influenced by the type of mustard not only the brand. The Dijon, Horseradish, Spicy Brown, Sweet and Spicy, and Brown mustards were more expensive than regular plain mustard.