Tax

As a student, I think that It Is more enjoyable if a teacher explains the lessons In a certain subject with some twists or making stories that would hook the interests of a student. It is not only for students to be interested but also the information is easy to understand and remember. Humor helps things suck In our minds. The story teaching real analysis in the land of making is a great idea of Julie Barnes. Teachers who tell good stories can make subject interesting or easier to relate to. It helps the student to do better In the exams Like what the students of Julie Barnes experienced.

She said that roughly 90% of her students told her that the story had made the material much easier for them to understand, remember, and use. So every year, she used the story and she always got the same positive results. It helps us to understand some definitions found in a standard introductory real analysis. The story had made learning calculus simple because it is stated in a child friendly way. The author used the deferent symbols In calculus as Its character In the story The equations there are easy to remember.

For Students it is more interesting eating tales and stories more than memorizing all the equations and definitions in calculus without twists. When you read tales or stories, you can easily remember the equations by recalling the story of King Epsilon. Julie Barnes is Just so great. It’s not easy to make a tale or a story especially when you are relating It to math definitions or a certain equations. It Is an Informative story that teaches us a lot of things about calculus. The story was about a certain tale of convergence in the real line. There was a king named King Epsilon who lived In the Castle Analysis.

HIS wife named Queen Delta already died. There are many citizens living on a subset of a real line. In the country, there was a caste system, and everyone is ranked. The king himself would not allow them to call him by a natural number. He was never part of the natural order of things. King Epsilon had a collection of laws of the kingdom. It is a brilliant idea to a lot of problems that the citizens of the real line have dealt with for centuries. He had a Rule 1 which is the convergence day. During convergence day, King Epsilon would decree the most citizens must travel o a certain place.

King Epsilon realized that it is very important for all of his decrees to be obeyed. So he declared that If the subjects didn’t comply with a convergence day there would be an extra tax imposed on all the citizens. He asked some of his advisors about this and came up with the following observation. There was never a need to Impose the tax for noncompliance of Rule 1 . HIS Rule 2 Is Cauchy days. He realized that having too many convergence days would actually be harder on the citizens on the real line than not having enough convergence days. He met a young authenticate named Cauchy came to King Epsilon with an Idea.

He suggested that instead of specifying a town and having a convergence day, these could be simply be days when the citizens have to get together. For any given distance epsilon the lower class citizens would have to be within epsilon of everyone else. There comes this year of hurricanes. It was not uncommon for king epsilon to order mass evacuations from the real line into a parallel universe. King Epsilon proposed was the Hurricane Evacuation Policy where the government must find a parallel universe to evacuate as soon as possible. All citizens must travel to the new world on magic carpets via a function.

Once a functions is chosen, there are two things are of great importance to every citizen: The size of the warp zone that needs to be traveled through the entire world and how magic carpets are measured. There are 4 cases. Case 1 is under perfect conditions, average citizens should be sent to safety in a continuous fashion. Case 2 is the Police officers, rescue workers, and medical personnel are sent wherever they are needed, even if this forces them to travel together. Case 3 is if the function moves in a uniformly continuous fashion, the overspent will mass-produce the magic carpets.

Lastly, the Case 4 Convergence days are not affected by evacuations. King Epsilon was a great king who is very kind and an intelligent, brave man. His love for Queen Delta is definitely wonderful for he has named a certain area to his queen so he could remember her all the time or whenever he went at that area of the country. Every character was really been a part of the calculus subject. The story doesn’t have an ending. Maybe King himself will integrate new ideas into his current kingdom to help students with differentiation and integration.

Were the French Revolutionaries Right To Execute Their King? Over the years since the execution of Louis 16th there have been several different discussions as to whether it was right for the French revolutionaries to execute their king. There are a number of reasons to lead people to think that it was right that Louis 16th was beheaded by the blood stained blade of the guillotine. The defendants of the revolutionaries state that Louis 16th was a horrific traitor to the majority of his people. The first was that he believed in feudalism, “slavery and all sorts of things that were genuinely satanic. The French Revolution saw peasants in the third estate rebel against an extremely corrupt tax system that caused millions of deaths and years of famine. French society was organised into three estates. The first two estates (church and nobility) enjoyed great privileges. The third estate, which had no privileges had to pay all the taxes. This system was called “The Ancient Regime. ” The third estate consisted of ninety six percent of the population and the remaining four percent were the first and second estates. In 1700s the cost of living was rising fast but wages remained low.

This, along with the corrupt tax system plunged the third estate deep into a huge economic crisis which left them fighting over scraps of food. There were also new ideas spreading in 1700s. For example the American Declaration of Independence in 1776 included ideas such as; all people are born equal, people have rights and the government should govern in the interests of the people. None of these were happening in France. Lastly, King Louis spent a lot of the money that he had collected from the third estate on luxuries.

On the other hand, there are people with contrasting views who believe that the French king should not have been executed. There first and most important argument is that Louis did ask the first and second estates to pay taxes but they refused. As a result it was not his fault that the third estate was charged heavy taxes and subsequently not his fault that the first and second estates were not taxed. Another argument is that the French government was in a great amount of debt (mainly because of the wars in Canada). As a result Louis had no other choice but to raise taxes.

Also, Louis was not the person responsible for spending a lot of the money, his wife Marie Antoinette was. She splashed money on numerous extremely expensive items such necklaces, rings and several other items. In conclusion, I think that the French revolutionists were right to execute their king mainly because Louis taxed the extremely poor but did not tax the rich. This was exceptionally cruel and corrupt. Also, the king let his wife, Marie Antoinette spend lots of money that was collected from tax that should have gone towards the French government and the overall maintenance of the country.

The increase in prices of Subs, after factory-gate taxes, will be as much as RSI 35,000, she added. Data Motors, suffered its worst decline in the fiscal, with a 70 per cent drop to Just 10,613 units sold in February. Sales of the Anna, Indict and the Indigo range stood at 7,769 units while 2,844 units of the Sumo, Safari, Aria and Venture range were sold in February. The company did not disclose reasons for this drastic fall and added it had exported 3,996 vehicles during the month.

The country’s car industry suffered its steepest decline in sales during the current uncial year as eroding customer confidence hit sales in February. This is in rank contrast to February 2012, when carmakers reported their biggest sales increase during that financial year. Marti Subsides -1. 98 % and Hounded, Indian’s largest carmakers by sales, led the drop to register their second successive monthly decline, even as Maidenhair and Maidenhair and French carmaker Renault bucked the general trend, helped generously by burgeoning demand for their Subs in February.

However, with the government raising excise duty on Subs to 30 per cent from 27 per cent in the Budget, the rise in SUB sales may be difficult to sustain. The largest carmakers – Marti Suzuki, Hounded and Data Motors – which comprise 80 per cent of the Indian passenger vehicles market, were the most affected and preliminary sales data furnished by different carmakers reveals that the decline could be in the range of 20-21 per cent in February, steeper than January’s 12 per cent year-on-year decline.

Malls mull hike in parking fees as service tax added ‘shank canasta’s ; Cushman U N, TAN I Mar 2, 2013, 06. AMA 1ST ACHAEAN: It not Just having a bite in a mall that is going to get more expensive, even driving into one will drill a hole in your pocket as the budget NAS wit drawn the service tax exemption extended to parking services . Malls and other parking service providers are set to Jack up parking rates, while some others are devising strategies to combat this levy. Earlier, revenues earned from parking were not subject to tax. Now, under the new budget norms, we will be taxed for the revenues as well and this will be automatically passed on to customers,” said Transubstantiation’s , a parking services provider in Achaean. Service providers like him will also take a hit as they have refurnishing pacts with malls, where they provide services. While malls across the country are busy mulling tariff hikes, parking operators are busy devising means to circumvent the levy.

A Iambi-based parking operator, for instance, is contemplating to break the parking ticket amount with ‘an entry fee’ part which will escape service tax and charge the remaining small portion as parking fee for service tax levy. “There is no way customers will pay if we keep hiking parking tariffs,” he said. Parking fees at malls have, of late, been hitting the roof, and things worsen over the weekends. Malls in Achaean charge RSI 150 for premium parking for he first three hours and RSI 50 for every additional hour on weekdays.

During weekends, it is RSI 200 for the first three hours and RSI 70 for every additional hour. For titleholders , it is RSI 15 for the first hour and RSI 20 during weekends . Regular parking rates can be anywhere between RSI 20 and RSI 40 an hour for cars and about RSI 10 for two hours and RSI 5 for each additional hour for two wheelers. Adding 12. 36% service charge over this will give the quantum of increase that the budget has brought in. For mall-hoppers , it is not Just the increase that will be an issue. “The hike makes RSI 10 as RSI 11 and RSI 40 as RSI 44.

What I am really worried is about getting the change to pay customers said Been Shall, V-P , DEL Stake. The company runs two malls and two separate parking properties in New Delhi. “When Plywood movies are released, a large number of people descend on the cinema halls and paying or demanding change from all of them is not what they would want. They don’t want to spend much time in the parking lot,” she said. The company is hurriedly looking into the issue, and finding ways to solve this. “It may involve rounding up the charges so that people can pay easily or introducing smart cards,” she said.

Studies of business theory and organizational behavior have both classically and currently held with total consistency the importance of sound business ethics to the success of a business.  The role of ethics today, as in the past, is one directly proportional to the ability of an organization to achieve stability, efficiency and profitability as well as to remain with the limitations of the law in terms of policy and practice.  Yet, there is stark evidence that the realm of corporate business has been occupied by an increasingly lesser interest in business ethics in favor of corruption, exploitation and short-term gratification.

The discussion here will cite some prominent examples of corporate collapses in recent history to demonstrate that the failure of business ethics may likely result in the failure of the organization as a whole.  In addition to highlighting the role of ethics in today’s business world, the research and analysis conducted here will likewise point the way to some resolutions for strengthening this association, including the improvement of corporate oversight and corporate regulation.

As evidence here demonstrates, business ethics and business law are both closely associated to the establishment of a healthy organizational environment.  Still, there is also considerable evidence to demonstrate that such aspects of today’s business world such as legislative deregulation, corporate outsourcing and globalization have made both law and ethic difficult to reconcile with market demands and pressures.

In direct contrast to the current and sustained phase of economic stagnation experienced by the U.S. economy for over half a decade, the mid-1990’s was a period of dramatic and unprecedented economic growth in the United States, where technological evolution and corporate expansion were together feeding a robust and seemingly unlimited skyward momentum. This would prove a false impression by the turn of the millennium, with the economy’s growth as much precipitated on fraudulent corporate accounting, corrupt internal cultures and, ultimately, unsustainable organizational practices, as on actual progress.

With the collapse of such major modern upstarts as Enron, Tyco and WorldCom, all of them destroyed internally by the embezzlement, misrepresentation and greed of their own leaders, it would become increasingly apparent that the presence of strong, defined and enforced business ethics codes is a determining factor in the long-term viability of corporations large and small.

By the turn of the millennium, this correlation between business ethics and organizational survivability would become incontrovertible, with the decline of such mega-corporations bearing a dramatically ill-effect on economy which has yet to recover.  This justifies the central finding of this account, that the construction of a sound and clear code of conduct, mode of oversight and means of enforcement is a requisite part of building and maintaining a successful organization and also demonstrates the most amenable path to parsing challenging legal questions.

Within the academic scope of business theory, it is argued that an ethically-bound organization will be shaped by such a proclivity in its leadership.  To this end, we might understand the part which effective and exemplary leadership will play in setting the parameters governing other members of an organization.  Functioning in this role, business theory tells us, presents leaders with “a unique set of ethical challenges in addition to a set of expectations and tasks. These dilemmas involve issues of power, privilege, deceit, consistency, loyalty, and responsibility.

How we handle the challenges of leadership will determine if we cause more harm than good.” (Johnson, 10)  This is to indicate that one characteristic of the current business climate is the emphasis on more conscientious leadership.  With many of the corporate scandals of the early millennium implicating the highest offices of some leading firms, today’s corporate atmosphere is informed by an emphasis on ethically determined leadership.  This is an important aspect of improving the stewardship of businesses today struggling to find footing in a changing market.

Still, evidence does abound to indicate that recent corporate scandals are directly indicative of a negative pattern in both ethical and legal regards that extends beyond any single organization.  There is, instead, practical evidence in the epidemic nature of this generation’s collective collapse to suggest that a need still exists for greater orientation toward ethical organizational practice.  The absence of a defined or meaningful interest is business ethics is captured best in the most prominent of such breakdowns to occur within this generation.

Enron, the energy concern that emerged in the late 1980s and, within a decade, had established itself as the largest energy provider in North America, also possessing prodigious contracts with the British government and direct ties to the incoming presidency of George W. Bush. But just as Enron had been a symbol for the perceived economic prosperity of the 90’s, so too would it become emblematic of the malfeasant underbelly of America’s increasingly unregulated and poorly self-governed corporations. In 2002, allegations came to the surface that the organization’s core of executive leaders had misrepresented company earnings, participated in insider-trading and had essentially looted the company of its value.

Through its accounting firm, the likewise large-scaled Arthur Andersen, “Enron lied about its profits and stands accused of a range of shady dealings, including concealing debts.” (BBC News, 1) The company’s top executives had misled investors and shareholders with regard to actual performance indicators and stock values, creating a false investment atmosphere which persisted for years as a front for the embezzlement of top officials. When the company’s collapse became inevitable, its shareholders collectively pulled out, forcing the company to file for Chapter 11 bankruptcy.

Its ethical misappropriation would send a shockwave through the corporate world, contributing to the outright dissolution of control over Arthur Andersen, the destruction of Enron’s employee pension fund, the onset of a federal probe into the company’s clear improprieties and the consequent revelation of an epidemic of corruption in the corporate world at large. And to this last effect, as with Enron, for many other companies guilty of the same fraudulent practices, the consequences would be total collapse.

In examining the cases at Enron, WorldCom, Tyco and Adelphia, to name the most significant scandal revelations amongst innumerable more, it becomes increasingly clear that there exists a direct connection between specific operational problems and this deviation from ethical soundness.  The behavior seen here is indicative of a modern business atmosphere in which, while institutional shortcomings or political motives appear to obstruct the prevention of corruption, there is nonetheless a certain speed of market which ultimately prevents such an entity from enduring competition and service responsibilities.

In each of the cited cases, the felonious indiscretion of corporate leaders, combined with an absence of centralized oversight in order to provoke an atmosphere of perceived lawlessness. The absence of interest in long-term organizational viability at the highest levels of the American corporate hierarchy have represented a fundamental obstruction to the collective adherence to valid ethical standards. Thus, the failure of the companies addressed here may genuinely be attributed to the behavior of top leaders and decision-makers, themselves an active part of an overarching culture with short-term, high-yield financial objectives.

In the case of Enron and other cited examples from this era of collapse, the challenges of balancing ethics and interests were met head on with a stewardship of executive self-service and malicious accounting procedures. These conditions, though, would be the product of a larger still corporate culture devoid of ethical consideration. The prevailing trend across the decade of explosive growth had been to bypass such priorities in favor of exploiting the unregulated tenor of consolidation and an absence of oversight.

The economy as a whole, boomed on a wave of unsupportable and speculative premonitions of growth, and as it did so, its industry leaders would appear as paragons to a new frontier for expansive potential. This exact reflection would be apparent in the downturn of the economy as well, directly paired with the decline of the previous decade’s pacesetters.

And with the collapse of so many major upstart corporations, revelations of internal financial sabotage illustrated that a new culture had occupied America’s corporate leadership. The gradual diffusion of public shareholding to the general public created a circumstance in which significant interests in major corporations were substantially comprised of popular investment. For CEO’s of such companies as Enron, WorldCom, Tyco, Adelphia, Arthur Andersen and countless other multibillion dollar enterprises, the public diffusion of investment represented an opportunity to seduce the contribution of capital on false terms and to loot company coffers of the capital needed to remain afloat.

Where the impulse of their historical coefficients had been to engage corrupt practices to the end of expanding the company’s capacity for profitability, this new generation of CEOs has sought essentially to use their corporations as money-siphons by which to concentrate public wealth into the hands of very few already lavishly wealthy individuals.   This is an especially, and intentionally, faulty approach to business orientation, considering that with companies of a certain scale, the effects of both success and failure will be shared by a great many parties

References

BBC News. (August 2002). Enron Scandal at-a-glance. British Broadcasting Company. Online at <http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/1780075.stm>.

Friedman, Tom.  (2005).  The World is Flat:  A Brief History of the 21^st Century.  Farrar,           Straus and Giroux.

George, Bill. (2003). Authentic Leadership: Rediscovering the Secrets to Creating Lasting Value. Jossey-Bass Publishing.

Kelly, Marjorie. (2004). It’s A Heckuva Time to Be Dropping Business Ethics Courses. Business Ethics Magazine. Online at < http://www.business-ethics.com/BizSchlsDropEthics.htm>.

Laudicina, Paul A.  (March/April, 2005).  Managing global risk to seize competitive advantage.  Ivey

Skeel, David.  (2005).  Icarus in the Boardroom:  The Fundamental Flaws in Corporate  America and Where They Came From.  Oxford University Press.

Webley, Simon & Elise More. (2003). Does Business Ethics Pay? Institute of Business Ethics. Online at < http://www.ibe.org.uk/DBEPsumm.htm>.

Louis Button is one of the most valuables brand in its category which is Luxury in goods. Its products includes of leather goods, handbags, trunks, shoes, watches, jewelry and accessories. Most of people adorned with the LB monogram which designed by well known designer and easily noticeable with simple live style as the idea. Louis Button with a brand Value of $28. 4 Billions in USED with a sales of $9. 4 Billions (Reuters, 2013). 3. Country Background Louis Button headquarters is located in Paris, they had open many outlets all around the world and Singapore have 3 big outlets and the latest which located in

Marina Bay Sands that open unique “island” store that will “float” on the water. Singapore it’s a developed country which also attract tourist from other countries to come to visit as a traveler as well as shopper. The three outlets can be found in Tasmania, ION and Marina Bay sands. 4. SOOT Analysts Soot analysis are the shorten words of Strength, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats. SOOT analysis are mainly used for a company to build their outlets/factory in overseas to extend their products and profits. 4. Strength Brand Value ( the brand is one of the oldest fashion houses with more than 150 ears) Easily recognizable (the logo and monogram) The brand has it own outlets in most of the large shopping center. Well known Designer Custom Tailored available for elite customers 4. 2 Weakness The Shops only available in exclusive stores making it difficult for developing countries The most expensive price compare to other competitors Rarely to give discounts to customers 4. 3 Opportunities The company needs to make new current fashion trends Large market for luxury goods Celebrity attractions Synergy between brands/merger 4. Threats Financial crisis Competitors Increased market for counterfeit products Resources are decreasing . PEST analysts 5. 1 Political and legal The anti-counterfeiting trade agreement (ACTA) aims to establish and international legal framework for targeting counterfeit goods. Where as in Singapore has become one of the biggest shopping country in Asia, furthermore Singapore is a Bureaucratic country and extremely centralized, with 17% corporate tax, less tax regimes; investors are not subject to capital gains tax, dividend tax, and foreign exchange controls (Merger, 2013).

On august 9 1965 Singapore became and independent nation and consistently increased their economy, by maintaining their productivity with a stable overspent and has severe laws in place and due to strict governance and associated fines less corruption, efficient and transparent government. Singapore has ranked the 1st in the global enabling trade index and 18 FAT with trading partners in their trade policy. Singapore itself have a strong economy statistics. It was recorded and the data shown as interest rate:O. 2%, Growth rate; 6. 90%, Jobless Rate 2. 10% and GAP per Capita $37,293 (Merger, 2013).

This massive record shows that Singapore have strong basis economy in their government. Louis Button with a sales of 7. 2 billions in 012 were involved in Singapore Trade to GAP ratio of 270. 8%, and high dependency on global market trends and fluctuations in macro economy. Singapore citizen with excellent education and healthcare (Saurian C, 2013). Literacy rate of 92. 5% and a multitasking language where they lived as a multinational country that supports every citizens to speak 2 languages, as their mother tongue is Mandarin or English. A significant percentage of non-residents who lived in Singapore with a Gin coefficient index of 48. Shows that Singapore can easily adapt with foreign where the employee of the company can interact with customers behavior and promote their products relay on their cultures behavior and difference. In the last tens of years ago, technology in Singapore has a massive evolved of their needs. The growth of technology helps Louis Button to communicate with their headquarters, due the change of currency, products release, transactions and supports more efficient. Furthermore it give a huge impact for both companies and countries to safe their times to manage their needs.

Whereas Singapore had become a developed country the change of technology to renew their materials use its not problem for them to follow the world trade business. 6. Porter’s Analysis Porter’s Five Forces Analysis 6. 1 Threat of New Entrants Low; Competitor : GUCCI, Yves Saint-Lauren, Channel, Bally. Jewelry; Montanan, Bulgaria, Carrier, Office Pannier. Even though LEVY have a strong many competitors Luxury goods, LEVY offer a strong and unique in their products such as; high quality products, well service for every customers and brand value.

Furthermore, LEVY has no worries with their competitors they have a loyal customers who always bought the products and advertise to their friends, longstanding commitment to quality and Investment required would be extremely large for those who do businesses. Besides that for a new goods brands wont give an impact to LEVY (Dang, 2013). 6. 2 Bargaining Power’s of Suppliers For a big company LEVY have a Suppliers and subcontractors are required to comply with strict environmental guidelines.

Where LEVY needs lots of materials they will have many offers which the company produce the materials with the lowest deals and highest quality needs (Dang, 2013). 6. 3 Bargaining Powers of Customers With branded name and value customers had become the most loyal of companies buyers, from the experience that they ever had, has build the trust and set their mind become a loyal buyer. Fashion is a trend with a strong name LEVY has put their products into the top levels and Louis Button products are never on sale. 6. 4 Threats of Substitute Products High profile luxury goods LEVY brands have high quality products differentiations and believe. . 5 Rivalry Among Competitors Moderate; In every company will always have their own competitors in this case LEVY are working in Luxury industries in a big scale to have an competitors will always be a positive things to brought new ideas and trends, in fact competitors do not sell exactly same products and different brand value (Dang, 2013). To make LB more appealing to the consumers, some products of the brand can be made available only in small quantities, by limiting its production of certain products from time to time, or producing special edition of the same handbag in different markets.

LB product could become even more premium, Create products for collection of limited editions, expend the trend by increasing the popularity by advertisement. Open their outlets store only in high end malls all around the world. To become more premium in their products LEVY may consider to concentrating its equines model to production of leather goods only becoming specialist in their interest. Louis Button is one of the leading fashion trends industries in the world which has significant every year.

Louis Button will always have their loyal customers where they bought their new products, with a strong brand value LEVY has no worries with their competitors. On the other hand due the change of time they have to consider with their resources that year by years will decreased their materials. Louis Button shall put more concern on their weakness in both internal and external put them in the Geiger level of luxury goods market. They may consider to merge with other company in different products offer to increase and fasten their sales.

Compare the incomes of the lowest and highest fifth of the income receivers. The distribution of income is quite unequal. The highest 20 percent of the residents receive 10 times more income than the lowest 20 percent. 4-4 (Key Question) What are the three major legal forms of business organization? Which form is the most prevalent in terms of numbers?

Why do you think that is so? Which form is dominant in terms of total profits? What major advantages of this form of business organization gave rise to its dominance? The three legal forms of business organizations are: sole proprietorship, partnership, and corporation. Proprietorships are the most prevalent. They are easy to start (relatively low cost), often don’t require a large customer base to be profitable, and provide maximum freedom for the proprietor to do what she/he thinks best. Corporations are dominant in terms of total profits.

They can access large amounts of money by issuing stocks and bonds; their limited liability is attractive to potential owners; their size and broader ownership base help ensure continuity that helps to build a large customer base and gain cost advantages (a preview for economies of scale). 4-9 (Key Question) What are the two characteristics of public goods? Explain the significance of each for public provision as opposed to private provision. What is the free-rider problem as it relates to public goods? Is U. S. Border patrol a public good or a private good?

Why? How about satellite TV? Explain. Public goods are manorial (one person’s consumption does not prevent consumption by another) and incalculable (once the goods are produced nobody? including free riders?can be excluded from the goods’ benefits). If goods are manorial, there is less incentive for private firms to produce them – those purchasing the good could simply allow others the use without compensation. Similarly, if goods are incalculable, private firms are unlikely to produce them as the potential for profit is low.

The free-rider problem occurs when people benefit from the public good without contributing to the cost (tax revenue proportionate to the benefit received). The U. S. Border patrol is a public good – my use and benefit does not prevent yours. Satellite TV is a private good – if the dish, receiver, and service go to my residence it can’t go to my neighbors. The fact that I could invite my neighbor over to watch does not change its status from being a private good. 4-10 (Key Question) Draw a production possibilities curve with public goods on the vertical axis ND private goods on the horizontal axis.

Assuming the economy is initially operating on the curve, indicate how the production of public goods might be increased. How might the output of public goods be increased if the economy is initially operating at marketing management By grandstander On the curve, the only way to obtain more public goods is to reduce the production of private goods (from C to B). An economy operating inside the curve can expand the production of public goods without sacrificing private goods (say, from A to B) by making use of unemployed sources. -15 (Key Question) Suppose in Facilities there is no tax on the first $10,000 of income, but a 20 percent tax on earnings between and a 30 percent tax on income between $20,000 and $30,000. Any income above $30,000 is taxed at 40 percent. If your income is $50,000, how much in taxes will you pay? Determine your marginal and average tax rates. Is it a progressive tax? Explain. Total tax = $13,000; marginal tax rate = average tax rate = 26%. This is a progressive tax; the average tax rate rises as income goes up.

The four main objectives are more extensive than is necessary. From other research and revitalization projects, the main objectives include the commercial enterprise (vacancies) inventory and the communities and surrounding areas population ideal of the area. In fact, having a private investor interested in the area is better than most areas. Many central business districts had to give financial incentives, such as lower rent or tax breaks to get entrepreneurs into the area. In the case study, Williams Realty Corporation was readily taking the first step in the revitalization process.

The main objects were really to get people back into the downtown area through creating an area of individual retailers, corporations, restaurants and entertainment facilities, and new residential projects that would be able to renovate the old building and create a trendy Mecca for the young adults in the area that wanted to be close to work and entertainment. The fact that William Realty Corporation had done all the planning and preparation and just wanted the data is exceptional.

However the data is what seems to be lacking in most cases, but by focusing on the two main objectives, the plan could move forward (Duvoli, 2004; Faulk, 2006; Weiler, 2000). 2. Briefly outline a research proposal by listing the appropriate techniques for collection of these data. Based on other research of central business district development the focus of the study should be on the gaining of population to start using the area again. Through tax records and housing data a basic understanding of the district can show the number of vacancies and when the decline of the area began.

With this information the survey of viable building and the occupancy rates along with a walking survey of those people who work and live in the central business district should be undertaken. This survey does not have to be on a grand scale, but needs to ask the important questions, such as what is missing from the area, what would need to be included to make the area more people friendly. For the most part, any revitalization project needs to look at the business that can use the existing stores and building for either residential or commercial prospects.

Old warehouses can offer lofts in the upper areas while allow retail businesses on the ground level. Listening to the people and the area itself will help direct the project and help keep investment to a minimum for the city. Following these easily completed research techniques will allow the city to plan the revitalization easier than without this basic information. It does not have to be elaborate, but it does have to give the people what they want in a central business district (Duvoli, 2004; Faulk, 2006; Weiler, 2000).

References

Duvoli, J. (2004, March 8).One Hudson River city sees ‘amazing’ downtown business growth. Hudson Valley Business Journal, 15(5), 3-3. Retrieved January 3, 2009, from Regional Business News database. Faulk, D. (2006, March). The Process and Practice of Downtown Revitalization. Review of Policy Research, 23(2), 625-645. Retrieved January 3, 2009, doi:10. 1111/j. 1541-1338. 2006. 00219. x Weiler, S. (2000, January). Pioneers and Settlers in Lo-Do Denver: Private Risk and Public Benefits in Urban Redevelopment. Urban Studies, 37(1), 167-179. Retrieved January 3, 2009, doi:10. 1080/0042098002348