Urban Planning

Is Jacob’s theory of Eyes on street relevant in India? Explain your answer in 150 words. The theory of “Eyes on the street” is totally relevant in India for ages. The term “ados – pados” is very popular in India as people think “What society will say” before taking any decision showing the neighbors know what is going on inside the society. Adding to this, in Indian context this theory was provided by the ecosystem of the “corner” i.e. “nukkad”. the street vendors selling vegetables or paanwalas or radicals or an old woman sitting in the sun on Otlas. This is not just for the morning routines but the gathering of the old people on adda also contributes to the theory as seen in the Pols of Ahmedabad and Para in Kolkata.

The mixture of the activities and different social gatherings and processions on the street are the main contributors. Also, Manek Chowk in Ahmedabad an adaptable function on the same space hence contributing to the safety. While Jacobs was critical of the urban planning schemes like those proposed by Le Corbusier, Chandigarh continues to be seen as an exemplary expression of his ideas. Present an argument in support of Jacobs using two features of Chandigarh. Le Corbusier believed that mathematical ordering and orthogonal geometry are the key factors for the social ills. He also believed that urban planning must follow the basic principles of lines and zoning.

This creates problems in interactions and social gatherings as the context have much to do with the building than just a technical concept and purity in design. The houses inside the sectors are arranged in a staggered way creating dead corners and obstructing the eyes on the street. In addition to these problems, the building blocks are arranged in mirrored position hence one house looks on the backside of the other making streets vulnerable for crimes. Zoning of the residential and commercial, industrial sectors away from each other also contributes to the crimes as most of the residential area remains empty during day time with most of the people moving towards the industrial sector.

Other critical issue arises by Le Corbusier’s desire of maximizing green areas and efficiency by building vertically in order to conserve space and improve relations by making vertical neighbourhoods. This creates a problem with the streets and sidewalks as they remain empty as the footprint of the building reduces creating less interactions on the street and creating dead spaces on the floors and grounds touching the street as the spaces are mostly used for parking. As Jane Jacobs rightly pointed out that the city should grow horizontally rather than vertically. On the contrary, green spaces became barren land-fields functioning more of an isolating and alienating tool of racial confinement. The staggering of the building blocks blocking the views and corners The blocks arranged in mirrored position creating less interaction and eyes on street.

My mother is Chinese and my father is American. Very early on, I became attuned to the distinct cultural ideologies of their homelands. Yet despite the salient characteristics that make both countries unique, the outcome of displacement and segregation is similar. In Beijing, the megacity of my childhood, a population spike precipitated by haphazard urbanization has resulted in gaping inequality and severe environmental degradation. Under the guise of urban improvement, discriminatory policies exacted at vulnerable migrant populations have cut off thousands from family and access to resources. Meanwhile, in the Bay Area, I’ve witnessed the legacy of an epochal tech boom drive, low-income families, into neighborhoods where poverty and racial segregation are on the rise.

My pursuit in the study of urban planning stems from a desire to better understand the complex drivers of spatial inequality so I may develop a sensitive approach to planning equitable, and inclusive communities across geographical divides. If I’m accepted, I intend to concentrate in Housing, Community, and Economic Development. Urbanization and all that comes with it – economic opportunity, social turmoil, environmental upheaval – is rapidly extending to every part of the world. By the same token, urban inequality is increasingly on the rise. I want to practice in a method of planning that prioritizes a consideration for historically poor, marginalized, and disinvested communities within the built environment. The multifarious pressures imposed upon vulnerable urban residents today, from climate risk to shortages in affordable housing, require multidisciplinary and collaborative solutions to planning offered by HCED’s curriculum.

Throughout my undergraduate years, I explored how disparate social, political, ideological, and economic forces dictate urban form. My interest in regional planning is shaped by a desire to learn about these dimensionalities of urban space. Under the guidance of Professor Matthias Pabsch, I studied the dichotomous post-war development processes in Germany imposed by Communist and Capitalist regimes. The challenges of merging two states with vastly different political and economic systems provided a unique foray into examining the complexities of planning and urban governance. My research exposed me to the implications of decentralized and centralized policies with respects to planning, institutional arrangements of social policy and the welfare state, and policies of urban restitution.

The breadth of research conducted at the Institute of Urban and Regional Development affords me the opportunity to understand patterns and institutional factors of urbanization so I can inform solutions to urban problems that evolve in tandem with cities. I am particularly interested in interdisciplinary approaches to development in the provision of spatial equity. As an intern at NYC’s Planning and Development division under the Community Parks Initiative, I analyzed park access and usership of historically under-resourced public parks that were profiled for capital investment. From this experience, I learned about mechanisms of park funding and maintenance, which provided a helpful lens to consider social, economic, and environmental equity in land use and development.

By soliciting input from local community volunteers and advocates from public-private partnerships, I was also introduced to models of grassroots park governance that offer marginalized psopulations the opportunity to actively participate in planning decisions. Participatory park planning, investments in social capital, and public-private partnerships serve as critical functions of engaging the public in a culture of urban stewardship, and are vital to establishing the kind of bottom-up governance necessary in the face of rapid urbanization. The research and praxis of Professor Jason Corburn, oriented towards building partnerships between urban residents, scientists, and decision-makers in order to generate policy and planning solutions that improve the well-being of poor and people of color, typifies the kind of planning practice I want to follow.

The appropriate application of digital technologies can enhance participatory planning by improving exchanges between urban planners and citizens. My work as a visual and UX designer has involved investigating behavioral patterns and communicating the myriad ways in which particular applications might solve pre-identified user needs. At Conde Nast, my responsibility was two-pronged – designing visually immersive reading experiences and accessible pathways to content, and architecting a proprietary open-source design component system to enable platform developers and create a shared understanding of how to build better design.

My interests outside of work have also inspired me to learn a few 3D visualization and modeling programs so I can effectively make design planning processes more transparent for involved stakeholders. The sum of my experiences has drawn me to the useful implications 3D visualization has for planning interventions in the built environment, as well as its role as a platform for participatory discourse. The new AR and Urban Analytics Labs both offer a vast variety of projects for me to explore the frontier of urban visualization. I am fascinated by how data and images can be leveraged make planning efforts more responsive to the needs and interests of populations on the margins of policy and development.

Jane Jacobs is one of the most influential characters to ever impact urban planning and urban studies. She began her career as a journalist and reporter after she had graduated college from Columbia University. She officially began her career in 1952. A few years later she became one of the most influential urban theorists and she heavily contributed to the field of urban studies with the publication of her book, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, where she heavily critiques the errors of current urban planners and sets the standard for what planners consider a safe and efficiently planned city. She is also well known for numerous other articles and books she wrote during her life, and for her activism that heavily changed the way that urban planners think and organize city spaces.

Jane Jacobs was active in her career since 1952 and she published her last book, Dark Age Ahead, in 2004, just 2 years before she passed away. (Kanigel, 2017) Jane Jacobs is most notable for her takedown of Robert Moses and his endeavor to destroy neighborhoods throughout New York to create four-lane highways, a practice that was very common which Jane Jacobs continued to fight throughout her career (Wainwright, 2017). Jane Jacobs claimed that Moses’s real motive was to reward developers and raise property values, which Jacobs claims led to the depletion of communities in the area rather than the development of communities. Until the end of her lifetime Jane Jacobs continued to fight for communities and neighborhoods that were threatened by the influence of redevelopment projects, and led the way for how future planners would think.

The first book that Jane Jacobs had published was “The Death and Life of Great American Cities”. The book was published in 1961, and goes into great detail about the nature of cities, from how land space is used to the importance of structures in the community such as safe parks, safe sidewalks, safe buildings, etc. Jane Jacobs also speaks on the forces which lead to decline and regeneration within a community or neighborhood. One of the many things which make the book so remarkable is that Jane Jacobs did not have any legitimate training or expertise in urban planning. In her book, she states that her book is an attack on current city planning and rebuilding and that she wants to introduce new ideas that have never been taught before in school or any other setting, for city planning.

Jane Jacobs also highlights important topics such as why some areas of the city are nicer and are improved more often, opposed to others which are more slum like and tend to stay that way. A large portion of her book contains criticism of the way cities were wasting money on half met measures which did not improve cities, but collectively contributed to their demise, she gave examples such as civic centers which attracted homeless individuals and commercial shopping centers which resembled cluster chain stores. She criticizes these developments because she claims they do very little for the community and do not meet any important community needs.

The beginning of The Death and Life of Great American Cities talks about the nature of cities, specifically the safety uses of sidewalks, the uses of neighborhood parks, and the uses of neighborhoods overall. She claims that in many cities all over the United States that there are sidewalks and streets that people feel safe utilizing, and streets and sidewalks people do not feel safe utilizing. She further claims that what helps keep sidewalks safe is addressing and preventing the other social problems within the community that may contribute to easy crime, and by keeping crime within the community down, there will be safer sidewalks and streets. Other important ideals she presents in the first part of her book include a clear distinction between what is private and public land spaces, the idea of there being “eyes on the street” meaning for people to watch out for one another, a sense of community.

Jane Jacobs also states that there needs to be many people using the sidewalks and streets, and for this to happen there must be something to draw them to buildings within the streets. Jane Jacobs concludes the first portion of the book with the necessities and uses of family parks, and how there is a large difference between the parks which are most utilized and the ones which are not, and the reasons as to why some of these parks lack consumption by the public. The next portion of The Death and Life of Great American Cities covers the conditions and the need for city diversity, such as small blocks, aged buildings, and the need for mixed-use development. She begins this section by discussing how smaller blocks are better than have longer blocks within neighborhoods, because it promotes social growth and community inclusiveness.

Jane Jacobs brings up the excellent point of how city spaces need aged buildings which are more run down and have a lower overhead cost to be utilized by businesses, because if newer buildings are all that exist, there is a lower incentive for local business markets to open, which hurts the community economically. Jane Jacobs concludes this portion of her book with the discussion of the need for diversity within city spaces. Jacobs argues that homogeneity and monotonous city spaces lack the esthetic which draws in people, and often means that there are structures within the city space which are inefficiently created and thus are not being utilized by the communities they exist in. She counters the argument that diverse city spaces often look messy and disorganized with the argument that by doing so, it draws in more people and thus promotes a more economic city.

In the final portions of The Death and Life of Great American Cities, Jane Jacobs discusses the forces of decline and regeneration, as well as different tactics she finds to be efficient and inefficient within city planning. Jane Jacobs begins the final section of the book by discussing how borders create vacuums within cities, in which land space is more limited and thus the use of the environment is more limited. She also states that it limits the social interactions of the community and by doing this disables the community from operating efficiently, since neighborhoods are supposed to watch out for one another. One of the other tactics Jane Jacobs discusses leads to the decline and regeneration of cities is the practice of slumming and unslumming.

In her discussion of unslumming Jane Jacobs mentions how it is a viscous cycle since the nature of the slum is to get out of it, so there are never enough individuals that stay long enough for the slum to unslum itself. She then goes into detail of examples within cities where slums have unslummed themselves, and how other cities are unable to do so because of economic disparities and the lack of opportunity to make money. Jane Jacobs was notable for many things, to this day her books and ideology of urban studies are still considered a standard to be achieved by other city planners within their communities. Her book The Death and Life of Great American Cities heavily contributed to the way that cities are organized today, and is what saved many areas of New York and other bigger cities from total demolition to accommodate road spaces that were unneeded within their communities, which would’ve ultimately lead to the demise of these communities.

With the publication of The Death and Life of Great American Cities, Jane Jacobs contributed to many different epistemological schools of thought, including sociology, urban studies, and economics. She is credited with being one of the first people to coin the term “social capital” about the networks of which contribute to a community’s most integral functions. Jane Jacobs considered these networks to be one of the most undervalued components that is often overlooked by city planners, in terms of being “the fine structure of society” as per Mises Institute claims. The sole purpose of her book was to criticize the polices of urban planning in the 1950s, which she claims was the cause of the decline in many city neighborhoods across the United States. The policies she specifically speaks against are the policies of rationalist planners such as Robert Moses, which she claimed rejected people from the community rather than build it.

Per her book Jane Jacobs found the policies of urban renewal the most violent and separation of uses from residential, to industrial, and commercial, to be the most prevalent. She further claimed that these policies destroy economies within communities by creating and developing misused urban spaces. The ideology of Jane Jacobs is still just as needed in today’s world as it was 70 years ago when she first began her career within urban activism, many of her policies and ideas are what has held communities stable and safe from unnecessary urban development decisions which would otherwise hurt smaller and larger communities alike. That is why Jane Jacobs was such a huge advocate of planners getting to know the communities they were making decisions within rather than allowing economic influence or the influence of specialization within one’s discipline to blind them from making adequate decisions which were beneficial to the community and its overall growth.

Counter urbanisation is the process of people migrating from major urban areas to smaller urban settlements and rural areas. The process of counter-urbanisation occurs due to push factors from urban areas, such as the closure of industrial factories resulting in unemployment, and pull factors from rural areas, such as improved housing and quality of life.

This process first began in Britain in the 1960s, and resulted in the net movement of 1,700 people leaving for rural areas by 1990. This has resulted in both positive and negative effects on urban areas and rural areas.

Counter-urbanisation results in urban areas inner city areas being left with derelict buildings and struggling shops, resulting in a cycle of decline in the area possibly resulting in the donut city effect. However it does have the positive effect of reducing the population density of these urban areas and could result in regeneration of these inner city areas.

Counter-urbanisation results in house prices and land value increasing in rural areas, as there would be more demand for housing in rural areas than there is supply. This can have both positive and negative effects as the original population would then have more money and their house becomes an investment, as it increases in value. However this can also be interpreted as a consequence of counter-urbanisation, as it means that children who were brought up in the area might then be unable to move there as they wouldn’t be able to afford it.

Another negative effect is that the increasing population in these rural areas results in increasing road congestion and therefore increased road accidents and pollution. Public transport also goes into decline because the new residents are car owners. This is a major problem for village residents without their own transport, particularly the elderly. Country villages are also becoming increasingly suburbanised, they can therefore grow quickly and lose their original character and charm. Second homes are often bought in this counter-urbanisation process, often in more scenic areas of the countryside such as National Parks. In this case, people buy an additional property for use as a holiday home, but do not move there permanently. This has a negative impact on communities as houses can stand unoccupied for most of the year, resulting in tension in the community.

However counter-urbanisation and the increasing population can also cause positive effects, such as more services and businesses opening in the area. This provides more facilities and improved local services to the population and also creates more jobs in the area, reducing unemployment rates. This also means that the less skilled workers in the countryside may find it easier to find work in the newly built businesses and services, rather than be forced into traditional rural jobs such as farm labouring which has long hours and low pay.

What’s your take on a good marriage relationship? 2. Where and how can you find your lifetime partner? How do you wish your marriage life to be like? . Comment on the increased family disputes in Kenya. Where and how can you find your lifetime partner? How do you wish your marriage life to be like? Unlike the old days, where parents selected their children’s spouse, men and women choose who they want to be with. This stage is the most celebrated by all humans. However, finding someone who you will stay with for decades has been a challenging matter. In Kenya people appear to be choosy when ‘searching for their preferred spouse.

I (gentleman) will consider the following when looking for the est. partner: a) Character A woman who is ideal for a lasting marriage should possess the love, kindness and generosity essential in a family setting. Good character is shown in a lady when you take time to study her through social interactions either with you or with others. B) Beauty A lady has to be appealing to the man who is of interest with her. A big debate comes when men are discussing how a beautiful woman looks like. They all come to an agreement that every man has his own way of thinking of a lady beauty-wise.

All men eel satisfied when they date a woman they consider beautiful. C) Education A lady should be learned so that we may avoid useless arguments. Education will transform her to be civilized and most men like that. D) Modern A lady should be adorable in her dress code and make up. This does not mean applying lipstick when she knows it is bedtime. Elegancy is a key component especially when a man wants to introduce his lady to his African family. Women would consider the following in their ideal husband. A) Confidence A man should be bold in whatever he is doing.

This makes a lady feel a sense of security and trust the guy with her hardships. B) Personality A man should have a good persona such that he values his hygiene, he should be caring and above all he is trustworthy. Ladies like men who will keep their secrets. C) Education This makes a man seem mature even if he is not, argue in an understandable manner and a lady is confident that he has the ability to head a family-he can advise on the importance of civilization. D) Humorous Ladies value guys who make them smile if not laugh all the time.

With this she is confident that boredom won’t be an issue. E) Looks They are not important to ladies that much if she is not having lust. However there are some ladies who consider looks their first priority. The place where to meet your partner is unknown. It can be in the streets, meetings, parties or even in a bus when traveling.

Urban design shows both the functional and aesthetic facets of the City’s built environment. Urban design ( Figure 1a ) , developed harmonizing to policy model and guidelines, creates a desirable life environment every bit good as giving a metropolis an appropriate image and individuality. Like most metropoliss in the underdeveloped universe, Kuala Lumpur has grown quickly and changed a batch from 1960s until now. Kuala Lumpur becomes one of the strongest Asiatic metropoliss in universe economic system during 21^Thursdaycentury. The alterations are non merely in footings of edifice building and besides the ‘growing’ of the city’s skyline.

Figure 1b: Location of Kampung Baru

Some of high-rise edifices appear bit by bit in the metropolis and turn vertically from the skyline of metropolis. However, in Kampung Baru country ( Figure 1b ) , it creates a most contrast phenomenon which is high rise edifices and old houses appear together in the aureate trigon of the metropolis. High-rise edifice prototype of modern, high engineering and comfortable edifice while old houses conjure images of old, conservative and disintegrating houses. High rise edifice has its commercial value and makes a part to the economic system of our state however old houses contain its historical value and stand for the beginning characteristics of metropolis development.

There are some contradiction and struggle against to do think of pulverizing the old houses in the metropolis to do manner for more future development.

The aim of composing this essay is to measure and analyze the skyline of KL country and the urban developed schemes from the past until presents. Besides that, to look into and understand the , societal and faith which influence a batch to the people who lives in that country are besides parts of the aims. Identify the demands, perceptual experiences and values of specific cultural communities make a clear apprehension of the architecture issue.

Chapter 2.1: History background of the alterations of KL city’s development

Figure 2.1: Natural characteristic of KL in 1960Figure 2.2: The development of KL in 80s

Kuala Lumpur was established in 1857 and the KL’s skyline has changed over the old ages. In around 1960, Kuala Lumpur was a simply light-green piece of land ( Figure 2.1 ) with a few of edifices. Towards 80’s ( Figure 2.2 ) , it was the period when the Malayan economic system truly raised up upon. The city’s skyline started to alter quickly until the terminal of 90’s. Harmonizing to the information, this period was Malayan economic system grew more than 8 % per twelvemonth for more than a decennary.

Figure 2.3: Significant development of KL in 1991Figure 2.4: Skyline of KL in presents

The 1990 was a important decennary to the state due to the economic system down bend in the twelvemonth 1997. Not merely did Malaysia manage to prolong unbelievable growing, the other state did besides travel into the Great Financial Crisis. This fiscal crisis caused most of Malaysia’s important developments ( Figure 2.3 ) were made. There are many building undertakings that are being built include the building of the KL Tower and the Petronas Towers. The development of Kuala Lumpur was easy being expanded from the get downing twelvemonth of 2000. In a short period, the skyline of Kuala Lumpur ( Figure 2.4 ) has grown a batch in order to provide the demand of population presents.

This resulted in the outgrowth of big capacity of high rise edifices in the metropolis. Not merely it brings an economic system consequence to our state, and besides received a batch of investing from foreign state. It boosts up a batch of concern and employment chance around the metropolis.

Chapter 2.2: History background of Kampung Baru country

Figure 2.5: Kampung Baru country at the bosom of metropolis

Even so, there is a portion of traditional houses country turns up meanwhile at the bosom of metropolis ( Figure2.5 ) . The being of traditional houses which called Kampung Baru creates a strong contrast between modern architecture edifices and traditional houses. Kampung Baru has been established since 1899 by the British authorities under the name of “Malay Agricultural Settlement” ( M.A.S ) as a particular country reserved specifically for the Malays in Kuala Lumpur. It has 35,000 populations and an country mensurating 153.35 kilometer².

Figure 2.6: Traditional Malay houses of Kampung Baru

The Kampung Baru is characterized by comparative tranquility and neat layout of traditional Malay houses ( Figure 2.6 ) , has comparatively been retarded in its development with hapless roads and sanitation even though the remainder of metropolitan of Kuala Lumpur is basking a roar in economic growing and prosperity. Up to the 1930s, Kampung Baru was strictly a residential small town colony with houses built of wood and supported by pile, with a little gallery, large life room ( normally with no more than three sleeping rooms ) surrounded by garden harvests ( such as chili, banana, tapioca ) and widespread raising of domestic fowl. In this urban small town merely north of the metropolis centre the houses are largely one or two floors.

Kampung Baru was ab initio a residential colony in Kuala Lumpur for Malay lower income group. [ 1 ] In the 1970s, there was a little group of Kampung Baru people who earned RM1000 per month and occupied higher place in the public and private sectors. The state of affairs has really much changed in the 1990s in which the socio-economic position of the dwellers of Kampung Baru had increased. There was rather a important figure of Malay in-between category, such as enterprisers, professionals and executives, who lived in the colony. This can be proven through the building of new luxury residential houses such as cottages and modern flat beside the old traditional Malay hosieries. Thus it can be said that Kampung Baru is a topographic point where tradition and modernness meet.

Kampung Baru located in the Centre of metropolis and the belongings valued at around Rm2000 per square pess. This favorable geographical location attracts a batch of investors and developers intend to develop it and do a better planning. Nevertheless, the devastation of the traditional Malay houses has created contention.

Chapter 2.3:Research method of survey

The nature of this survey makes it suited for me to use site visit, observation, appraising and secondary analysis as my research methodological analysiss. Site visit in survey involves detecting, look intoing, comparing and analyzing. Besides that, research worker makes a questionnaire study signifier for public to acquire cognize about their sentiment of Kampung Baru. It is indispensable for research worker to understand deeply of about the chance development of Kampung Baru. In order to make so, historical informations have been assembled by library and internet research. This research to be done is to turn out my study composing in line with strong grounds.

Chapter 3.1: Percepts of occupant to the renovation of Kampung Baru

Figure 3.1: Malay-Muslim civilization

Despite being disputed, Kampung Baru is the last fastness against tower block development in the Kuala Lumpur metropolis. The occupants, born and bred in Kampung Baru from coevals to coevals, are chiefly consisted of Malay. Most of them have no purpose of go forthing Kampung Baru. The nucleus ground is for the inveterate love for the community specifically refering on the distinguishable Malay-Muslim civilization ( Figure 3.1 ) and its colorful history. For illustration, some of the senior still recalled their functions in WWII and cherished childhood memories that wanted to prize. They will convey these histories to their kids and grandchildren.

Other than that, there is another state of affairs caused Kampung Baru can’t be developed. If the original Kampung Baru landholders have died, his land rubrics will be shared by tonss of relations. Therefore, it can be more than 100 people portion the rights to some secret plans of land sometimes. This status becomes a strong resistance to the sort of renovation the authorities has in head. The authorities and the developers have been legion meetings and treatment with local landholders about the development programs of Kampung Baru for more than twenty old ages, nevertheless, none of which has proved feasible.

With no execution and development, the physical constructions of Kampung Baru are haphazard and degraded. The unplanned betterment caused resident bit by bit eliminated from their original small town and were replaced by transient and homesteaders. In malice of the recession of Kampung Baru, there are still have many people understood exhaustively its possible commercial value and concern market. In this aureate country with environing high rise edifice, it wholly shows an iconic individuality and image of capital metropolis of Malaysia. Suppose that Kampung Baru transformed into a modern and advanced country, it will heighten the consistent of betterment of Kuala Lumpur towards as a developed metropolis. The modern design, construction and stuff of high rise edifices give an impact of the ocular to stand for an image of the metropolis.

Chapter 3.2: Advantages and disadvantages one time Kampung Baru to be redeveloped

Residents of Kampung Baru have to consider of the advantages and disadvantages one time Kampung Baru to be redeveloped. One of the important effects of the alterations to Kampung Baru is maximize the value of land. In term of merely being dual floor houses, it can be developed vertically. For case, high rise commercial edifices, office, five star hotel or flat. Not merely cut down the land usage, and besides fulfil the demands of big population in the metropolis. Besides that, concern market besides have a batch of possible among this commercial country. The people who live in this country have a high degree of ingestion and quality of life. They would pass a batch for epicurean disbursals.

In add-on, while working the bigger commercial market, it besides increases the employment chance every bit good. It helps to work out the job of extra unemployment which happened in our state. Ample employee can heighten the productiveness expeditiously. Furthermore, owing to this country is tourist attractive force, so that it brings economic system consequence to the metropolis.

Figure 3.2: Alone character of traditional houses

On the contrary, continuing Kampung Baru has its unmeasurable bing value. It is difficult to conceive of that an country with such a rich heritage and alone character ( Figure 3.2 ) if razed to the land. Many of the traditional houses of Kampung Baru are dated back to the early 1900s. The peculiar and original features can’t be replaced by any unreal engineering presents. If Kampung Baru is turned into a concrete jungle, it will lose all its attractive force as a Centre for Malay heritage.

Furthermore, the cultural component in Kampung Baru has influenced, straight or indirectly, among the community. They hold profound feelings toward their civilization and relationship with vicinity. Woman love to portion their delightful dishes with their neighbors while kids chum uping around the kampung. This sort of sentiment dramas as an of import function in the development of Kampung Baru. There is no uncertainty that the people of Kampung Baru want development, but at the same clip the individuality of Kampung Baru as a Malay community must be maintained.

Chapter 3.3: Comparison with the Singapore urban planning

Figure 3.3: Singapore urban planning

By detecting and look intoing Singapore urban planning ( Figure 3.3 ) , they wholly did a good occupation in this little state. Singapore originally is merely a little and lag behind state. After the World War II, Centre of Singapore faced really terrible urban troubles which are overcrowding, lodging deficit and insanitary life conditions. It caused a batch of unemployment job, infective disease and societal offense. In 1958s, the authorities comes out with a construct program [ 2 ] that makes full usage of land by reapportioning the countries severally. In the beginning of urban development, it appears two distinguishable countries which are greenwaies and new town country. First measure is to construct more public lodging in new town country. The decentralised policy leads the population and industry in the metropolis Centre displacement to other topographic point. It creates a balance and mean distribution of population and solved the lacking of lodging jobs.

In the cardinal country, a big sum of stores, office, shopping Centre and epicurean flat occurred. Thoroughly downtown metropolis revived bit by bit, Singapore becomes an international finance, commercial centre and touristry attractive force. It speeds up the economic system growing of Singapore. The authorities of Singapore plans their scheme, from construct, counsel, urban planning to commanding, measure by measure implements it. The attitude of listening to the demands of occupant is the cardinal rule to be succeeded.

In decision, Kuala Lumpur as a developing metropolis was improved a batch along the times. Even though Kuala Lumpur is still missing behind in footings of skyline quality compared to bigger metropoliss like Hong Kong, New York, Shanghai or Chicago, but it provides an iconic for its multi-cultural architecture found in traditional and modern edifices in the metropolis. Located within the bosom of aggressive metropolis of Kuala Lumpur, Kampung Baru has struggled to maintain up with monolithic urban development while continuing its traditional heritage. The singularity of this country could non be replaced by any types of trading. The thought of destruction the traditional Malay houses should be taken off. Old structures uncover its historical border and do a contrast with high rise edifice to show the betterment every bit good as development of engineering presents. Attempt to hold a better urban planning and direction in Malaysia, authorities should do an in-depth survey on the scheme of urban planning in Singapore.

Website

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E-journal

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Books

Dale, O. J. ( 1999 ) . Urban planning in Singapore: The transmutation of a metropolis. Shah Alam, Malaysia: Oxford University Press.

Suleiman Mohamed and Lokman Mohd. Zen ( 2000 ) ,

Handss, J. ( 1941 ) .

From January 1899 to October 1941, Kuala Lumpur.

Video

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Website

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Urban Planning/Development For my topic I chose to research Urban Planning which also goes hand in hand with Urban Development. Urban Planning integrates land use planning and transportation planning to improve the economic and social environments of communities, where Urban Development is the actual process of taking these plans and putting them to work by the selling, leasing, building of land, buildings, stores, homes, etc. For my interview I contacted Dode Harvey, who has worked in, or owned a commercial real estate firm for over 30 years.

For several years Mr. Harvey owned a company by the name of Diamond T. Ranch development, and he now works for Real Estate Solutions based out of San Antonio, Texas. Because of his experience I have an owner’s point of view and not just an agent. Specialization In the world of Urban Development, Mr. Harvey’s specializes in urban re-development; meaning he takes property that has already been developed, but has been either run down or vacated, and brings it back to life. An example of urban re-development that Mr.

Harvey gave me was the re-development of Houston Street in San Antonio. According to Mr. Harvey there was a strip of about eight blocks in the historic district of downtown San Antonio that was completely vacant and deteriorating, his company went and bought that eight block strip (about 20 buildings) for around twenty million dollars . They brought the buildings up to date and then turned around and brought several small businesses back into the area revitalizing a dying community. Educational Requirements In Mr.

Harvey’s area of Urban Development there are just a couple of educational requirements, including receiving your real estate license and participating in continuing education. As far as formal education goes there are no requirements, though Mr. Harvey did recommend that you receive a college degree to help jump start you when coming into the commercial real estate field. He also recommended that if you do want to get a degree that will help you in the Urban Development to look into a degree in real estate development with a possible minor in finance. When I asked Mr.

Harvey about the amount of continuing education he participates in, and/or recommends participating in every year I was surprised at the amount he gave. He told me that he recommends that you attend at least two major and a minimum of two to four minor seminars every year, along with the amount of continuing education classes required by the TRELC. Job Duties Mr. Harvey as a past owner, and current City Partner and Principal has many responsibilities throughout his normal work day, his higher ranking within the company does not remove any amount of work from his plate.

When developing undeveloped or existing property there are several tasks you must consider, the first thing to consider when planning or developing property is the zoning of that property. If the piece of property he is trying to develop does not meet his zoning needs then he must go to the city and get the zoning changed for your property. If Mr. Harvey was trying to develop a previously undeveloped piece of land, he would then have to hire engineers to come in and “lay out” or design the land; he would need to have them plan out where sewer, electrical, and water lines would be going, as well as how the land would drain and so on.

Gaining city approval would be the next step in his process, which in his words “you’ll take your plan to city hall the first time and they’ll tell you it’s not good enough, then you go back a second and sometimes a third time, until you’ve (got it right)”. Mr. Harvey then has to select the right real estate agency, whether it is residential or commercial. One of his last but most important duties in the office is to hire attorneys, whether they are working in his office, or they be working for him from an outside law office.

Mr. Harvey told me that his agency hired out “Fulbright and Jaworsky” out of San Antonio, because “they are the best I’ve found”. Relation to Real Estate Practice There are many ways that Mr. Harvey’s job role ties into the practice of real estate. When most people think of real estate they typically just think of the buying and selling aspect of, but there is so much more than just buying and selling involved. Mr.

Harvey not only has a salesperson but he also has to be knowledgeable of properties and companies around what you are trying to sell (Urban Planning), he needs to be able to do research and be able to determine which businesses, neighborhoods, etc. will be best fit in certain places. Mr. Harvey needs to be able to know which companies to try and bring into his properties, does he have enough space in his building to house a large chain corporation, or does he need to bring in a smaller local business to fill the spot, a lot of which again ties back to Urban Planning.

Mr. Harvey has to be aware of many real estate laws while helping run Real Estate Solutions, such as zoning laws, and easements. Mr. Harvey dealt with easement issues while re-developing Houston Street, when a title search was done on one of the buildings he was developing it was discovered that “there was a pipeline that ran down the middle of the building, splitting the property in two”, which became a problem when trying to re-develop. Discrimination In the interview I asked Mr.

Harvey “how often do you worry about discrimination in the workplace when dealing with clients and customers”; his response was “every second of every day”. Mr. Harvey said that discrimination is one of the main concerns in the workplace, they have to (as well as every other real estate agency) display the equal opportunity employer sign in their office, as well as “follow government guidelines, very strictly” because if they don’t they can face serious repercussions, even to the extent of being shut down.

Mr. Harvey also told me that he and his co-workers also will attend discrimination workshops/seminars from time to time. When I asked Mr. Harvey if he had ever seen discrimination in the workplace he said “I have seen it before, but I can’t say when or where, and the sad part is even if it was unintentional or didn’t even happen, I have still seen people get their licenses suspended over it”.

Additional Info I asked Mr. Harvey what the most common types of clients have been most common over his years as an Urban Developer? He responded with “I would say by far small business owners, at least 85% or so”, he also added that “small business is the driving force behind this country, and the bureaucracy that is state and nation government is killing the driving force in this country”.

I also inquired about the commission of agents and brokers to which I got a response of “there are no set fees, it’s up to negotiation”, he also told me “the IRS makes a claim on income tax that every agent charges a minimum of 6% commission”, this is very untrue and has become a problem. He also told me that “brokers can make set fees”, by which he means brokers can ask for a certain percent to be paid to them regardless of what the agent is receiving. The last thing I asked Mr.

Harvey was “what laws or barriers do you typically run into when trying to place certain types of businesses in certain area? ” he told me there were several, but the major ones being “zoning laws and what regulations set by local and national governments”. There is much more to be learned about Urban Planning and Developing, but I feel I have covered a lot of the major points, Urban Development is an important aspect of the real estate field, without which we wouldn’t have the advanced towns and cities we do now.