Water

The article “Why Tap Water is Better Than Bottle Water” by Sovie Karlstron and Christine Dell’Amore, National Geographic’s Green Guides, discusses why the population should choose tap water over bottled water. According to the article, bottled water may actually be doing more harm than good. Dell’Amore and Karlstron bring awareness to the detriment brought to the environment by the production of water bottles in the article.

“Transporting the bottles and keeping them cold could also burn fossil fuels, which gives off greenhouse gases. And groundwater pumping by bottled water companies draws heavily on underground aquifers and harms watershed…” It then goes on and sheds light on the health costs of water bottles by stating that bottled water is not any safer than tap water because some of it is still defiled with untested industrial chemicals. Aside from the water itself, the plastic bottles are also detrimental to the population’s health due to the carcinogens filtrated into the water if used more than once.

With all the negative aspects that go hand in hand with bottled water, it is hard to believe more than $100 billion is spent globally, each year on bottled water. The Food and Drug Administration categorizes bottled water into two subdivisions: Spring or Mineral Water and Non-Spring or Mineral Water.

The article “Bottled Water VS Tap Water: an in Depth Comparison” by Filter Butler states that spring or mineral water is, “…bottled water that originates from an underground source which is not part of a community water supply and is fit for human consumption at its point of origin.” While on the other hand non spring or mineral water is, “…bottled water from any source treated for human consumption.”

I would have to agree with the article “Why Tap Water is Better Than Bottle Water” simply because most of our bottle water falls under the category of non-spring or mineral water and therefore is held to the same standards as our tap water. So we as people are paying for an ornamental label rather than quality of water most of the time and although we can read the fine print when purchasing bottled water to ensure it is authentic spring/mineral water, most of us do not take the time to do so when we are parched.

Subsequently, I studied another article entitled “Should You Drink Tap or Bottled Water?” located in the Health section on Scientific American. The author, House Call Doctor, Sanaz Majd spoke about an encounter she had while leaving the hospital after birthing her twins in which led her to do research on whether tap or bottled water is safer.

Her research provided why tap water is preferred by health care professionals and helped me hold a better stance on my position. Like the other two articles revealed, Dr.Majd spoke about the environmental impacts of bottled water, the bacterial content, health risks of the plastic bottles and the inflated costs; but, she brought one thing to my attention that other authors did not. Tap water has stricter regulations. “Bottled water is regulated by the FDA, and tap water by the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency).

The EPA has tighter restrictions and inspection regimens, while the FDA has a less stringent disclosure of consumer information. The FDA is not requiring disclosure of bottled water sources, treatment processes, and any contaminant reports. If your tap water source is public, however, the EPA is required to send an annual water quality report to its residents disclosing this information.”

Overall, I would have to side with tap water. Not only is it less harmful to the environment and my body but it is not “sugar-coated”. I do not wish to pay $2 or more for a bottle of water that could possibly be the same water produced from my tap.

Citations

• Majd S. Should You Drink Tap or Bottled Water? Quick and Dirty Tips. [accessed 2016 Sep 8]. http://www.quickanddirtytips.com/health-fitness/healthy-eating/know-your-nutrients/should-you-drink-tap-or-bottled-water
• Bottled Water VS Tap Water: An In-depth Comparison. Filter Butler Blog. [accessed 2016 Sep 8]. http://filterbutler.com/blog/bottled-water-vs-tap-water-an-in-depth-comparison/

Introduction

Swachh Vidyalaya and Swachh Bharat Abhiyan is a great idea given by our reverend Prime- Minister Sri Narendra Modi on Gandhi Jayanti, 2014. On 2 October 2014, Prime Minister Sri Narendra Modi launched the campaign for Swachh Bharat. It was a dream of Mahatma Gandhi that all Indians should learn about cleanliness and implement it in their life. He was also interested in keeping the environment clean and had put an example to keep clean the Sabarmati Ashram by his own efforts. In his opinion cleanliness is more important than independence.

India is lagging-behind in terms of cleanliness. Keeping India clean and tidy will save money as well as it gives good result to the health of the people. Healthy citizens will be able to take the country towards development. Cleanliness and sanitation become a social responsibility of all citizens of India.

Aim of Swachh Bharat Swachh Vidyalaya

The main aim of Swachh Bharat Swachh Vidyalaya is to teach the young learners about the use of clean drinking water, promoting a sense of hand washing habits, basic sanitation, and to perform Swachh Bharat activities in their schools by various means.

In schools, young children have to be trained about cleanliness and health. The damage caused by dirt, garbage and waste is also to be taught in schools from the primary level. It is believed that when the students grow up as citizens, they would keep India clean and tidy. Students also learn good values ​​by knowing about health in their schools and will also be aware about the health of his/her family and the society. In schools, students get into the habit of keeping everything clean, then they will take the responsibility of keeping their places as well as nearby places clean and beautiful.

The Brand Ambassador of Swachh Bharat Swachh Vidyalaya Abhiyan

The South Delhi Municipal Corporation celebrated to mark the birth anniversary of the first Prime Minister of India Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru in a grand commemoration at the Ambedkar Stadium on the Children’s Day, 14^th November 2014. Since South Delhi was led by BJP, hence the contemporary HRD minister Smriti Irani was also attended the occasion.

She announced a 12 year girl, Rashmi Nayak, a student of Nigam Pratibha Vidyalaya situated in defence colony at South Delhi as the brand ambassador of this campaign. Smriti Irani urged to the students to join the campaign and to take proper initiatives to keep their house, school and neighbourhood neat and clean.

The National Campaign – Swachh Bharat: Swachh School

Swachh Vidyalaya (SBSV), or “Clean India: Clean Schools”, was launched in October 2014, declaring the Indian government’s focus on cleanliness in Schools. This campaign is launched to ensure that every school in India has a well maintained water, sanitation and hygiene facilities.

Essential Elements of Swachh Vidyalaya Abhiyan

It can be achieved by adapting following essential elements as suggested by the HRD Ministry of Indian Govt.

1. Sanitation: There should be separate toilets for boys and girls in the schools in proportion to the enrolled students. The criterion recommended that one toilet and three urinals for every 40 students is mandatory. Hygiene management facility especially for the girl children should be available in every school. Proper arrangement of soap, private space for changing and disposal facility of menstrual waste under the observation of lady staff should be ensured.

Proper arrangement of washing the toilets and urinals with regular disposal of waste bins should be made and naphthalene balls and phenyl should be used every day to overcome from the foul smell and development of germs and bacteria that leaves ill-effect on health.

2. Daily Hand-Washing with Soap before Mid-Day Meal should be Encouraged: Every school should encourage the students to properly wash their hands with soap before they take mid-day meal. Teachers should also monitor the activities of every student and proper facility of water storage should be made so that 10 to 12 students can wash their hands at the same time. It has been also ensured that the water tanks must neat and clean and in reach of every student and minimum quantity of water has been used. The hand-washing session has been supervised by the teachers or special staff appointed for this who emphasis on better hand-wash techniques.
3. Safe Drinking Water: All schools have to make proper arrangement of safe drinking water. For this water purifiers should be installed and used. The students should be taught the lesson of using and saving water because good habits inculcate in childhood never end. This will also develop the student’s mind and they will be able to know the value of water and this precious liquid will be saved from its depletion too.
4. Operation and Maintenance (O&M): Regular inspection of water and sanitation facilities done by higher officials of the schools will enhance the quality. This will also ensure that the capital invested on such systems will not be wasted. Annual Maintenance Contracts (AMCs) can be issued to private agencies if there is no proper cleaning staff available. The private agencies do the work prominently as they have fear of ban on their payments. The supply of materials like soap, buckets, brooms and brushes and the repairing work is also issued to AMCs. Appointment of some local cleaning staffs by schools and education councils of the district head-quarters is an alternative method that will bring a change in the scenario.
5. Behaviour Change Activities: There should be regular activities in every school that promotes the change in the behaviour of the students. Either the hygiene topic has to be a part of the teaching through the books or it may be taught through various activities performed in the special days of the week. Supplementary reading materials should be issued to students to ensure the awakening among the students. It should be also taught that these activities have been performed not only in school premises but also followed at homes.

Female teachers should be allotted the task to teach the girl children in a sensitive and supportive way on menstrual hygiene. This step will support and encourage the girl child who missed their school during menstrual cycle. They overcome from the fear that was taught by their parents and elders of their home.  A menstrual hygiene education session at school should be arranged time to time to teach the girl students so that they can manage themselves in tough time. Also schools should have proper private places to change and wash the cloths.

If the existing facilities are not proper then schools should have to make arrangement of facilities by constructing new rooms for this purpose. Schools must have the facility of sanitary pads and extra dresses in case of emergency. Enhanced training programmes for lady staff of the school should be arranged occasionally to make them able to handle any adverse situation if occurs.

6. Enhanced Capacities: To enhance the capacity of the schools at various levels there is a need to develop skill and knowledge of the staff. Experienced staff should be appointed and there should be a training programme for the staff at regular intervals for the effective results. The school staff along with the administrative authorities has to promote the methods to ensure scrupulous utilization and maintenance of the available facilities.

Swachh Vidyalaya Award 2018-2019

Swachh Vidyalaya Award 2018-2019 has been instituted by the Government of India to recognize, inspire and commemorate excellence in sanitation and hygiene practices in schools by Ministry of Human Resource Development. The explicit objective of this scheme is to honour the schools that have taken important steps to fulfill the order of Swachh Vidyalaya Abhiyan.

Under this campaign, government schools will be registered and they will be rewarded for their outstanding performance. The government wants to create a hygienic environment for school children. The government will promote hygiene related work on the basis of the criteria required for primary actions, such as drinking water, washing hands before eating, cleaning hands after defecation, etc. Under this campaign, the government has started making separate toilets for girls in all schools.

Conclusion

Our Prime Minister Sri Narendra Modi has started a cleanliness drive in the country. He has implemented this campaign as a nationwide movement. With its name, it becomes easy to understand its functions.

Under this campaign, the government flag Swachh Vidyalaya Award has been organized. It is intended to reward all schools in the country on the basis of the request for cleanliness. Under this scheme, the intention of the government is to awaken the children considered to be the foundation of the country and keep them away from diseases.

Hydrophilicity is a critical feature in flow dynamics, especially in a passive flow device. Hydrophilic surfaces are water-loving, they allow aqueous fluids to flow and wet out across the surface, enabling them to move through the channels. The surface energy or degree of hydrophilicity varies widely in materials from water-repelling or hydrophobic (low surface energy), where the water dropped on the surface forms an almost perfectly round bead to, water-loving or hydrophilic (high surface energy) where water wets out across the surface. The amount of hydrophilicity needed will be dependent on the requirements of your device, including the properties of the fluid medium, channel design, capillary effect, enzyme or reagent chemistry and reaction time needed.

The hydrophilicity of a given surface, can be measured using a goniometer. This instrument measures the angle that a drop of water creates on a surface. The smaller the angle the drop of water creates with the surface the more hydrophilic the surface. Generally, a contact angle smaller than 90 degrees is considered hydrophilic and if the contact angle is larger than 90 degrees it is considered hydrophobic².

Leisure is time off from the pressures of work to relax, enjoy life and go do things you normally cannot do at work. It seems that in today’s society, it is hard for us to get away from the hectic schedules of work to enjoy life. We crave time for leisure, and value the time that we do get for leisure. Yet there are many different types of leisure such as Indoor- fitness activities, sports clubs, health farms, cinemas, pubs, and restaurants, as well as outdoor leisure such as sports, walking and enjoying the scenery, and parks.

With the aid of different types of parks- national parks (located in remote areas), country parks (in urban areas, with havens of greenery), and regional parks (a mix of both national parks and country parks), the leisure moments are valued even more because it become more exiting and interesting.

Regional and country parks allow people who live in the city to witness and enjoy leisure in the outdoor form. This is due to the countryside atmosphere, numbers of leisure centres, and the outdoors, natural environment. An example of a type of Regional Park is The Lee Valley Regional Park.

The Lee Valley Regional Park is located on the lower Lee Valley River. The river creates a boarder between Essex and Hertfordshire. It also flows through several boroughs of London. The River Lee is a tributary of the River Thames

During the Industrial Revolution, the River Lee was used as one of the many transport links. Consequently, the River Lee and its valley became polluted and then derelict. Then in 1963, ten authorities around the Valley discussed, in depth, the future of the Valley. The meeting was held because the pollution of the valley effected the neighbouring areas. The authorities discussed and agreed that the valley was a perfect area to develop into a recreational area.

The parks governing body was set up in 1965, after a bill was promoted in parliament. On the first of January 1967, The Lee Valley Regional Park authority was established due to the Royal Assent.

It is easy to access The Lee Valley Regional Park as the M25 cuts through the park. The park is ten thousand acres (approx.) in land. The regional park has various features such as holiday areas – caravan parks and camping sights, water activities- fishing, swimming, etc., and other sights such as picnic areas, large sums of greenery, and fields for sports as well as sport centres. Due to certain water activities, reservoirs were developed around the region, to insure the usage of water.

The Lee Valley Regional Park ‘provides leisure activities while conserving and enhancing the environment.’ The purpose of the enquiry is to collect information and evidence, from a field study, to see if the hypothesis is true. I must agree or disagree with the hypothesis. From the field study I will understand if the park meets all it requirements as well as if the park conserves and enhances the environment.

To prove the hypothesis is correct or not I will need to study The Lee Valley Regional Park carefully. I will take a map of the Lee Valley Regional Park and plot data such as assessments, economic activity, signs, facilities, damage and neglect on the map in code. Then I will note the data and what it means on notebook paper. I will assess and evaluate both sides of the river. Then, using the map on the trip I will create two maps. One will be for assessments and the other of economic activities, signs, facilities, damages and neglects. I will produce lists. With this information I will create evidence towards my answer of the hypothesis by producing pie charts and divided bars. Using the maps, pie charts, and divided bars I will analyse and conclude whether or not the hypothesis is correct.

Analysis of Results

To help me reach a decision about whether the hypothesis is true or not, I constructed pie charts, dividing bars, lists, and maps on the data collected on the trip. From the map of assessments, I have analysed that on the near bank, there are more assessments ranging from 1-5 while on the far bank the assessments range only from 3 and 4, mostly consisting of 3.

The near bank consisted of 4% of assessment 5. The far bank consisted of 8% of assessment 5. Similarly the near bank consisted of 8% assessment 1 and the far bank consisted of 0% of assessment 1. On the assessment map, it seems to have large sections of the same assessments. There are long strips of assessment 3 stating that the landscapes around the Lee Valley Regional Park are very similar. Yet a 3 in assessments counted as a nothing special in the landscape for the public to enjoy nor is it enhancing and conserving the environment.

Overall I had a 50% of assessment 3 (69% on the far bank and 38% on the near bank) Towards the end of the route, there seemed to be longer strips of assessment 4 on the near bank. There were also many facilities and economic activities at this point. For example there were car parks, picnic areas, and restaurants. Similarly, during the beginning of the trip, there seems to be many facilities and economic activities compared to the middle of the trip.

Facilities

Data collected and transferred on map 2 (Signs, Economic Activities, Facilities, Damage, and Neglect) shows that there are many facilities for the public at the Lee Valley Regional Park, yet these facilities are close together at each end of the route. These facilities include car parks, picnic areas, pubs, and restaurants. However, there are facility locations in the middle of the route. Yet these facilities are little thing such as rubbish bins. There also seems to be more facilities on the near bank, than there is on the far bank.

Economic Activities

Facilities such as The Crown Pub, the boat hire, and the caravan site were also economic activities. Yet privately owned economic activities such as the factory (E6) seemed to make the Lee Valley Regional Park polluted with rubbish.

The economic activities were distributed evenly on the near bank, however this was not the case on the far bank.

Neglects and Damage

In total, there were 6 numbers of neglects that I recognised on the route. However there seemed to be no neglects after the first lock. This shows that some care has been taken to maintain the park, but not as much to conserve the environment. There was only one neglect on the far bank, which was the resurfacing and painting of lines in the car park. However there were 5 on the near bank.

There were a total of 7 damages that I recognised. Damages such as graffiti, litter, noise, and pollution coming from buildings. Using the neglect and damage dividing bar, there are more damages that neglect.

Signs

Overall there were a total of 42 signs. Most of these signs were on the near bank, probably because most of the public uses the near bank. The signs are fairly distributed. There were a handful of signs, which were neglected, yet it did not seem that those signs were any help to the public. Some of the signs were really helpful and informative. These signs included maps, and lots of colour, which attracted a lot of attention.

However, all the results, which I collected, were based upon a small bit of the park. This is because we only followed the near bank. The far bank was seen from a distance, so maybe if I had taken the far bank route, I would have found more assessments, signs, facilities, etc.

Conclusion

From the data that I collected on the trip, and the graphs and maps which I have created using the data, I have come to the conclusion that the Lee Valley Regional Park IS NOT up to the standard of its main purpose which is ‘to provide leisure activities while conserving and enhancing the environment’.

50% of the assessments were 3. This means that there wasn’t anything for the public in this area as well as that area wasn’t conserving or enhancing the environment. If 50% of what I saw was assessed as a 3, than The Lee Valley Regional Park is failing its main purpose.

‘To provide leisure activities,’ is one of its main purposes. However, from the evidence collected, this does not seem to be the case. There are only 16 facilities that I recognised. Out of those 16 there are only the caravan parks, children’s play area, and the picnic areas are leisure facilities. With only 3 leisure facilities, the rest of the facilities are not leisure related. Also the Caravan Park is very dirty, with a lot of waste from people who stay there. The authorities do not seem to take care of the environment around the Caravan Park. It seems that unless the authorities stop neglecting the Caravan Park, there will be a decline in people staying at the Caravan Park. Since the Caravan Park is an economic activity, The Lee Valley Regional Park will start to loose some money.

Most of the facilities are close to the ends of the route. It seems to be like this as the authorities know that people will not walk a long distance, and so the will only walk a little further from the car park, where most of the facilities are. Yet if they are to provide leisure activities, it should be throughout the route.

‘Conserving and enhancing the environment’ is another purpose of The Lee Valley Regional Park. Yet with a lot of assessment 3, this purpose is not falling through. With private development such as Gravel Pits (E7) and Factories (E6), conserving and enhancing the environment is not possible. These types of developments cause pollution and destroy the environment. It is understandable that these are private developments. However, The Lee Valley Regional Park authority do have control and a say of whether or not they want these private companies developing on their land.

With the air and land pollution comes sound pollution from these development areas. The noise disturbs the environment around it. For example, people will become irritated from the noise that a development area brings e.g. machine noises. Also the wildlife are effected, as they will move away from the noise.

The Lee Valley Regional Park does need more land in order to create more facilities for leisure purposes. This is not possible if there are many private lands owned around the area of the park.

For The Lee Valley Regional Park to meet its requirement, which is to provide leisure activities while conserving and enhancing the environment, it will have to invest money to buy private land, to increase facilities. They will also have to fix damages and neglect. They should also fix the route.

Now 20 years later I discovered a new life form on this planet. This news could be either scary or remarkable for some. Planet Neo is 200 miles away from earth and 300 miles away further from the sun than the earth. Neo evolved over the past twenty years and conditions became much more favorable to support life. A water system underground was discovered and it is here in this underground system life has been discovered. The condition beneath the surface of Planet Neo proved very favorable for life subjected to some harsh climate change.

The underground water system has similar conditions to a hydrothermal vent on earth. The discovery of hydrothermal vents on earth has presented us with a possible explanation for the origin of life. On Planet Neo the conditions were the new life form was found was similar to the hydrothermal vent conditions on earth. The life form that was discovered was called Octillion looks somewhat like a squid. Octopus has a very hard diverse outer skeleton on its entire body. It has eight fat tentacles also layered with this skeleton.

This creature has all the characteristics of living things. The seven characteristics of living things are: 1 . Movement 2. Reproduction 3. Sensitivity 4. Nutrition 5. Excretion 6. Respiration 7. Growth Octillion has each of the above characteristics that I will further explain in depth Movement- Octillion was recognized by its movement in the underground water system. Scientists created a camera that was able to withstand harsh temperatures, pressures and atmospheric changes; this camera was able to enter the underground water system, the scientists controls were the camera goes.

I remember the first time he saw Octillion it was between two Jagged rocks, remembered vividly the camera scaring the creature from video footage and Octillion stimulus was to swim away very quickly and spew out purple slime from pores, on its back. Sensitivity – Octopus has very hard outer Skeleton that Is completely resistance to heat, there are little pore openings In Its back that open and close allowing It to moderate Its environment.

This purple slime is not dangerous, sample shows it is a mixture of the same chemical found in a moss like looking substance on the wall of the rocks and seafloor which I called it purple because it is purple in color. Nutrition – Octillion as I said before spew out a purple slime whose chemical components is similar to that of a moss looking substance found on the stones and seafloor called purple. It as concluded that Octillion feeds on the purple from video footage again that gives it nutrition which causes it to respire allowing it to survive in the harsh underground water system.

Excretion – the form in which Octillion got rid of waste was; it settles in a corner goes into the hard skeleton structure and little bubbles fill with a transparent liquid comes out the pores, I believe that Octillion excretes build up food from purple and it is transparent because it uses the chemicals from the purple to spew the colorful purple slime for stimulus and it then excrete the cytoplasm looking bubble. Reproduction – the bubbles that are seen during the excretion process accounts for reproduction.

It is this cytoplasm looking bubbles that carry a form of DNA from the Octillion allowing it to reproduce. All these data can be accounted for because test and experiments where perform and from these experiments it was concluded that the bubbles is somewhat of a single cell organism, but not all survive due to the harsh conditions. Reproduction process will be able to occur under the same Temperature and pressure in which Octillion was born and discovered. Respiration – obviously in order for Octillion to stay alive it respires, cause it feed on the purple.

Growth – I have been tracking Octillion for the past six months and it has grown approximately twelve centimeters longer from the first time it was discovered. So this is evidences that Octillion grows. On Earth these seven characteristics is use to tell if something is alive. Octillion exhibits all characteristics which is so amazing. Charles Darwin if alive today would have been so involved in these findings. Charles Darwin, the British naturalist, came up with the theory of evolution in 1859; he changed our idea of how life on earth developed.

Darwin argued that all organisms evolve, or change, very slowly over time. These changes are adaptations that allow a species to survive in its environment. These adaptations happen by chance. If a species doesn’t adapt, it may become extinct. He called this process natural selection but it is often called the survival of the fittest. It can be seen that Octillion has adapted to the conditions on Planet Neo, and with that adaptation there is room for evolution. If Octillion could survive on the harsh conditions of Planet Neo, who are we to say that there isn’t any other forms of life on lane Neo.

I am on the quest to discover more living entities on Planet Neo thanks to the advances of technology in today’s world. The fabric of the universe is waiting on scientist like me to extract the underlying knowledge. This discovery has made history in the life of humans; Just imagine life forms on other planets! This gives rise to a lot of speculation be it conflict or amazement. Some people are accepting of this discovery, stating this means that there are more avenues to explore the great beyond, others on the other hand are fearful of this discovery.

Passing out, lethargy, constipation, dry mouth and even dry eyes are very few symptoms In the long list of signs to tell us that we are dehydrated. Being dehydrated Is potentially very bad and If not taken care of a person can end up In the hospital or even dying. Many things can cause dehydration Including drinking too much alcohol or simply not drinking enough water. Without ample amounts of water our bodies cannot function correctly, and being made up of 70% water it is understandable as to why this is the case.

All people suffer from dehydration, it does to affect one age group more than another, and likewise it does not affect one race or gender more than the others do. Plainly, put, If enough water Is not drank everyday than a person Is at risk for becoming dehydrated and developing symptoms that can be quite uncomfortable. First, some of the functions of water in the body are to keep everything moist, from our eyes to our mouths, and even our Joints. Imagine trying to eat food without the assistance of the saliva our bodies produce, it would be very difficult to have to swallow dry, chewed up food.

Urine becomes dark yellow, with a strong ammonia meal and constipation Is common; the lack of water causes the stool to become more solid and less liquid-y because the body Is pulling water from every available resource. The recommended amount of water that the average person should drink is eight – z cups of water per day. That is a half-gallon of water every day that people are supposed to be drinking, more often than not soda and coffee is being drank instead, which sure they have water in them… Just not the recommended amount that we need.

Next, dehydration affects people of all ages, from little children to grown adults, to even the elderly. In children, dehydration causes tiredness and grumpiness, even the sensation of being hungry, or the craving for something unknown. In adults, dehydration can mean different and more serious side effects such as passing out or getting dizzy when standing up. In the elderly, dehydration, in my opinion is the worst time to see it. I think that older people need more water in their bodies because they dispel more In the given day.

They may not have bladder control, especially If they are hooked up to a urinary bag, and not necessarily know when they have lost all of their water. Nursing homes help the elderly with this a lot of the time cause the people cannot do it on their own. For everyone else however, it is important to make sure we drink the vital amount of water to remain healthy. On another note, when a person is dehydrated they lose important vitamins and nutrients known as electrolytes.

When children have a fever or diarrhea, pediatric is a good drink to give them because It Is packed full of electrolytes, It Is k for adults to are sodium, potassium, and chloride. These electrolytes help maintain blood pressure. Body movements require electrical currents to run through the body and these charged ions make this possible. Sodium and potassium are positive ions that both function to provide nerve transmission, muscle contractions, and fluid balance. Chloride is a negative ion and its main function is to provide fluid balance.

Not having enough sodium in your body can cause muscle cramps, but table salt is a quick fix of this deficiency. Not enough potassium can cause fatigue, and once again can be fixed quickly and simply with eating bananas. Finally, a chloride deficiency can cause a potassium or sodium deficiency. When being active and playing sports or Just being outdoors, drinking sports drinks like Storage can help maintain proper electrolyte balances. Yet again, many things cause people to lose water from their bodies at different speeds.

Sweating causes us to lose water at significant speeds because our skin seeps water to cool us down on a hot day. If it is scorching hot outside and a person just stops sweating, this is a sign of dehydration and they should seek out a water source fast. Similarly, alcohol makes us lose water quicker on many levels because it heats people up from the inside causing them to sweat and it depletes electrolytes from our system. Drinking water in between alcoholic beverages can help a person avoid a hangover because they are staying hydrated while drinking.

Caffeine on the other hand, speeds up our heart rate, causing us to urinate more that in the end is causing us to lose more water than we would without the caffeine. These things can lead to dehydration of the person ingesting them does not know what the symptoms are and how to counteract them. Finally, making sure that a person does not become dehydrated is important, even more so for people less than healthy. A person with a hole in their heart is more susceptible to symptoms of dehydration than a healthy person, and the same with elderly. Everyone is responsible for the amounts of water they drink each day.

We need to instill in children at a young age that staying dehydrated is important. It is also important to work it into the daily routine, and make it habit to drink 64 ounces of water per day, and keeping an eye on electrolytes as well. Eating lots of fruits or vegetables or water-based foods can help a person increase their water intake without necessarily drinking as many glasses of water. Overall, there is more than enough water on this planet, and foods that contain water for everyone to be able to survive. If someone becomes dehydrated in my opinion, it is because of his or her own personal neglect.

Should this be the case that person needs to understand the importance of staying hydrated and how this simple task can solve many ailments. Staying hydrated can make a person feel Just a little bit better in many aspects, maybe their Joints are moving Just a little bit better, or they do not have to use eye drops 10 times a day. If you do not stay hydrated regularly already, you should try it Just to see what kinds of things it could do for you. Perhaps a little more energy for those long days would be nice. References: Retrieved from: (2010) Guidelines for a Healthy Diet: Prentice Hall

Close proximity of waste dump sites to residential properties and its effects on valuation Value Is defined as an amount expressed In medium of exchange that Is thought to be a fair exchange for something or the adequate or satisfactory return on or recompense for a commodity. According to experts, the worth of such exchange Is its market value. This provides the principal yardstick for measuring the worth of properties and other similar commodities.

Environmental characteristics which are manifested in the form of pull and push effect of the neighborhood, have the push effects characterized by proliferation of squatter settlements, air and water pollution, squalid condition of environmental sanitation, and breakdown of waste disposal arrangement while the pull effect could be good roads, schools etc. When properties are in close proximity to environmental factors which could lead to push effects like waste dump sites, they demand special assessment on the part of the Estate Surveyors and Values Lowell Belle, an expert has said.

Although improper solid asset disposal Is hazardous to health, It also affects the value of the properties around the waste. This problem x-rays the plight of many who out of desperation to get shelter, live under such Inconvenient conditions even at ridiculous rates. The question therefore is: what techniques do the average Nigerian valued adopt in valuing properties close to waste dump sites? Are the techniques different from those used in properties not close to dump site or any environmental hazards?

There is no gainsaying that the problem of waste management across the country as reached an alarming state. Waste dumps continually have effect on the values of the properties in the areas where they are located and the adverse effect of this waste on property values in cannot be overstressed. Some factors usually considered in placing values on residential properties include infrastructure facilities such as water, electricity and good drainage channel; not excluding also excellent road network, free flow of traffic; location and waste disposal management.

Improper waste management poses a serious health hazard to people living around he wastes as the disposal sites carry along rodents, Insects and other vermin, which could transmit diseases such as typhoid fever, dysentery, diarrhea, cholera among others. In a valuation bid, the value of a landed interest is estimated by assessing the possible monetary worth a potential buyer would place on a property with respect to its features and other environmental factors which could act as price facilitators or otherwise.

For instance, persons familiar with Jota and its environs can attest to the fact that the environment reeks of horrid smells that stem from the burning of peps of refuse at the dump site. Day after day, passersby, motorists all complain bitterly about this environmental mess. However, mostly affected are the residents of the area who apparently have resigned to fate. A particular resident who spoke to Property Index anonymously, said whenever refuse Is burnt at the dump site , their houses are usually covered In smoke.

Adding that not all residents have the luxury to own air-conditioning units hence the need to open the windows to allow ‘fresh oaf respiratory system. Location features such as this have to an extent, played down on the estimated market value of properties in close proximity to such dump site as this. In 2008, researchers used various research methods to determine the effect of waste dump sites on property values in Luscious neighborhood Jota and it was found that property values increase with distance away from dumpiest.

In same vein, a research was conducted on the willingness of residents to pay for environmental amenities such as waste water disposal, electricity supplies and neighborhood roads at Azure in Undo State. The study identified households’ income, distance away from the refuse dump site as one of the major factors that influenced household’s willingness to pay for better environmental services. It recommended diligent consideration in the location of dump sites and adoption of Public-Private Initiative in the provision of public infrastructure.

The study also established that real estate values are readily influenced by residents’ willingness to pay for both structural as well as neighborhood characteristics where the real estate is located. In closing, hen properly examined, the environmental problems experienced by occupants of properties close to waste dump sites and the value of their properties is an issue of great economic concern cutting across not only Lagos metropolis but other states of the federation.

This menacing situation would only repel rather than attract potential buyers/tenants and also reduce the worth of such properties . If the usefulness and value for money are issues to go by and chief among the factors considered in valuating property is location, then it may not be out of place to assert hat close proximity of dump sites to properties is not the best for the discerning real estate investor who is serious about making it big in the industry.

While location may Just be one of the important factors to consider, it is however not all that matters. However, in this case, health is concerned and the average Nigerian does not take issues bordering on health with levity. Thus, the business of housing in such areas may be a thing of the past soon if the unseemly situation of improper waste management is left unabated.