Cancer

Chris Moss describes which sight that will meet you generally, when you meet up at a fitness centre. He thinks the fitness opinion is normalized. Too many men spend their time in the centre, Just because they want to get a great body and to be butchers. It has nothing to do with healthy and exercise. It’s only for the sake of the appearance the men does lift weighting. He thinks that some of the only men who seemed to be relaxed at the gym are the fitness Instructors. They give a big part of their life to make other people healthy. The editors of Ms. Magazine got the same opinion In the other text.

They focus on women and their breast. They think women and their view of breast implants have got out of hand. Already as kids the girls get feed with the form of the perfect breast by the Barbie mania. They think their breast should stand firm and high and out. Small breasts are now a kind of disease in some women’s eyes. The editors mention that women often support the fight against breast cancer, but a lot of women nevertheless have the breast Implants as their first priority. What many of hem don’t know is that the implants can hurt their own body and destroy their health.

Comment on the statement * “There is a link between physical beauty and sex appeal – and popularity, success, and happiness” The statement is probably how many people think. I am sure that many don’t want to admit their thoughts, but this Is how many think. Like you could see In the previous texts about body culture, the body means a lot to people. Many look down at the overweight persons and look up to the beauties and the muscular ones. It’s an evil circle. It is a very superficial statement. At least one part of the statement is not true.

There is not necessarily a link between physical beauty and happiness and is a kind of naive to think such a thing. It is probably easier to get a job when you look good then if you are very ugly. No matter how focused you are on equalizing everybody opportunities you would hire the beautiful above the ugly, if Don applicants Ana ten same accomplishment IT you nave to see ten statement In context with the three other texts, you have to admit that it is statements and renouncement’s like this one that helps create the ideals that so many people morbid try to live up to.

This statement is very superficial and yet parts of it can be true in some connections. Write a letter * To your headmaster in which you argue for or against this ban Dear headmaster Brian. I do not care about your opinion about the dress code at school. I agree that students and especially girls are wearing overly provocative clothing. I do not think that it is the Job of the school to bring up the students, its Job is only two teach the students. You cannot do a ban, because they wear provocative clothing for leisure and not least when they finish school.

I would say I have a better idea. As mentioned earlier, the school’s Job to teach students. You can come up with some talking about rapists and miscellaneous criminals. Another idea could also be putting up posters with scare campaigns. I think many students will be affected by it. There will of course be pupils who will not be affected, but they can live their own lives and learn from everyday life and their surroundings. Best regards Simons Holstein.

What vices we should avoid/elude What are the vices we should avoid or elude? First of all there are many types of vices, from alcohol, smoking, drugs, gambling, and even lust. To be honest I like to drink, occasionally but if you drink too much, well now that’s Just wrong. Drinking too much of alcohol will fry your liver and certain types of alcohol that has mead in it would eat up brain cells and would most likely make you stupid.

There are many different types of drugs like marijuana, meet, cocaine, ecstasy, weed, flying high. What do all these drugs have in common? Makes you high, makes you numb and makes you elated. But what are the bad side effects? Drugs can fry or destroy every organ you have, even your brain which would make you an utter insane lout. Smoking, what does it do?

Well nicotine that is found in tobacco leaves, which is inside a cigarette eats up your stored vitamins inside your body, once that happens oh would be prone to sickness or get sick allot, other than that there is a high chance of you having cancer or lung cancer which would lead to death. Even second- hand smoking is lethal to people around smokers especially pregnant women. Gambling is what I do not understand, you bet away your money which there Is a low chance of you winning it back, and if you do win you bet the money you earned and most likely you lose it again.

Lust; well remember to use a condom for safety. What do all these vices have In common? It all costs money, It’s not good to yourself and people around you, and there Is a chance for you to die with certain vices. So try to live a healthy life style without using an exaggerated amount of vices, because hey I have tried to smoke but I am not a smoker, I Like to drink occasionally, and If you do try to elude vices there Is a chance that you might reach an age of a hundred.

Breast Cancer Intro Attention Getter: Did you know both men and women are able to get breast cancer? Thesis Statement: According to US Breast Cancer Statistics it states that in 2013 there were more than 2. 8 million women with history of breast cancer. But that’s not all, 2,240 Invasive new cases were diagnosed in 2013 for breast cancer In men. Preview: When finding out about breast cancer, most people first like to know How did you know? Or What did you feel? In other words the 1st signs.

Next they would ask what stage you’re at? Then they would help you make a decision whether you’re planning to have a lumpectomy or mastectomy. Lastly they would like to know your treatment plan, chemo, radiation, meds.. Etc Body Topic #1: For most men and women their 1st signs are a breast lump tot abnormal mammogram. Some are even able to see the lump on their chest and others are Just able to feel It. When 1st being diagnosed the patient has to be tested. Mane tests are done including one important test. 5-10% of breast cancer patients are linked to gene mutation.

Which if it’s positive the patient’s siblings and children might have the gene. That’s why the gene testing is highly recommended even though its expensive most consider it for their love ones wellbeing. Transition: Although the 1st signs are important people always want to know what stage the breast cancer Is. Topic #2: The cancer stage Is based on four characteristics. 1) Size of lump. 2) Whether caner is Invasive or non-invasive. 3) Whether It’s reach lymph nodes. 4) Whether cancer has spread to other body parts. Invasive, no evidence of cancer. Subcategories.

IA tumor is measured up to 2 CM Stage O: cancer is described as non- Stage 1: is described as invasive. Divided into -cancer hasn’t spread outside the breast and no lymph nodes are cancerous. B -no tumor. Instead small groups of cancer cells. No larger than millimeters Stage 2: Also divided into subcategories. -no tumor found in breast but cancer is found in lymph nodes -tumor measures 2 CM or smaller and has spread to lymph nodes -tumor Is between 2-CM and has not spread to lymph nodes B -tumor is between 2-CM and small groups of breast cancer are found in the lymph odes. Tumor is between 2-CM and cancer has spread to 1-3 lymph nodes -tumor is larger than CM but has not spread to lymph nodes Stage 3: Also divided Into subcategories. -tumor larger than CM and breast cancer cells are found on lymph nodes -tumor larger than CM and cancer spread to lymph nodes near breast bone B -tumor may be any size and has spread to the chest and/or skin. Up to 9 lymph nodes are cancerous C -tumor may be any size but has spread to chest wall and/or skin.

And cancer has spread to lymph nodes -cancer has spread to lymph nodes below and above Loraine -cancer has spread to lymph nodes and breast bone Stage 4: Cancer is invasive. It has spread beyond the breast, nearby lymph nodes to other organs. Transition: Stating the stage of the breast cancer can and will make a big part in the decision of a lumpectomy or mastectomy. Topic #3: Lumpectomy vs.. Mastectomy. Lumpectomy is the removal of the tumor along with some breast tissue. This is the best way to save your breast. Mastectomy is surgery to remove all the breast tissue from the breast as a way to treat or prevent breast cancer.

People who most likely chose mastectomy are those ho have breast cancer genes. Transition: Whether choosing a lumpectomy or mastectomy to be completely sure the cancer is killed patient have to go through chemo and radiation. Topic #4: Treatments like chemo and radiation are a must. Chemotherapy is a treatment with cancer-killing drugs that are given through an IV. The drugs travel through the bloodstream attacking all cancerous cells. Chemo has many side effects, most common hair lost, vomiting, and loss of appetite, low white blood cells, and fatigue.

Although some of the side effects are alike when getting addition, like fatigue, low white blood cell, some are different like chest pain and lung problem but this is totally different from chemo. Radiation is a highly targeted and highly effective way to destroy cancer cells that remain in the breast. Radiation therapy uses a special kind of high-energy beam to destroy any cancer cells left behind. Conclusion Restate Thesis: 1 in 8 women get breast cancer and 1-1,000 men get breast cancer according to US Breast Cancer Statistics. Summary of topics: The 1st signs may be similar between men and women.

Staging would of course be completed different. Between a lumpectomy or mastectomy I believe most men for choose a mastectomy. Unlike them a women would want to keep their breast. On the other hand treatment may also be similar for both. Closing Statements: Before breast cancer struck my mom, I never realized how important and upsetting breast cancer is to the person and their loved ones. When I go with her to her chemo sections I see so many people fighting this disease but instead of looking at each individual I see a group of people here together for only one reason, to fight, beat and defeat the cancer.

The problem In our country is not the lack of knowledge or understanding about corrupt practices but the lack of courage to stand against such practices It Is very easy to target others including politicians but what about common man? WE HAVE to understand that the system is corrupt because we are also corrupt. First, we have to change ourselves then only we can expect change In others. This Is a very old method to point the fingers towards the wrongdoing of others. But no one is ready to check their own character. M really questioning the validity of self- referred right people. Before pointing fingers towards others, including politicians and other government employees, we should Introspect ourselves. I am seeing that everybody is ready to abuse the system but what about ourselves. Are we common people really different from those who are in politics and other sphere of life and running this country? No, that is the truth. We are no more different from those whom we are abusing continuously on different forum Including media.

We are ready to talk about corruption till the time we want to abuse politics. For me doing anything ring is also a type of corruption and most of us in some way or other are involved in corrupt practices. It is quite possible that most readers will not agree with me on this because they are also in the same boat. Let us see whatever what I am saying is correct or not. We are ready to pay money in the form of bribe to get connections of different types such as gas, water, and electricity – all out of turn.

There may be others In the society who are not able to pay such bribes to get such connections out of turn and even some time they have to Walt for longer period of time just because of people like us so called middle class who ant corruption to be eradicated from society. There are others In the middle class – especially small time businessmen like shopkeepers of different types, – and they may be earning more than what we are getting in the form of our monthly salary but they are not ready to pay income tax.

There will be more than 10 million such shops in our country and most of them are not paying enough taxes as per law. People opposing FED in retail sector are actually supporting such shopkeepers. What is the need in the world for the parties to fight on such important issue of FED because of such tax evaders? They know very well how to evade Income tax and other taxes and they are at the same time running a market of black money. Whereas FED will bring a lot of money to the government in the form different taxes but it will ensure transparency too in the retail segment.

So basic question remains are we really Interested to eradicate corruption from our society? If the answer is yes, then we have to start from ourselves rather than ask others to do. First, we have to change and then only we can expect the change in suit. Let us assume one person in each family take a vow to be not corrupt whatever resistances will be there believe me that more than 50% corruption will eradicate at very such time. Gandhi]’ had stressed that there is enough in the world for man’s need but hopelessly not adequate for his greed.

In India, it is the greed of a very few individuals that has threatened the teeming billion odd population of starvation, environmental degradation, uncontrolled rise in pollution and deteriorating environmental standards. Looking at Ago in the last 60 years, there is a visible difference. Ago through the sass right up to the late sass sustained itself admirably on solar energy. The ignite of labor saw every Goanna earn his bread through the day and sleep peacefully at night. The spring waters were pure, clean and rich in minerals, smoothening, invigorating and refreshing.

Food supply may not have been plentiful but was adequate. The helpless and those ‘unfortunates’ incapable of labor were looked after by the family, neighbors, friends or the societal form of institutions like the temple and church institutions or the likes of provider. No doubt then that although there was exploitation of the maunders by a handful of bathmats, by and large the incidences of robberies, rapes, murders and crimes were ender control thus affording Goons the tag of a ‘peaceful society’.

Goons were appreciated as gentle, hardworking, talented and a faithful workforce. Goanna musicians, cooks, clerks, doctors, administrators, nannies, personal assistants, engineers and scientists became role models in all walks of life and made their mark in politics too. Goons strives hard to ensure the environment remained clean, green and salubrious. Do we have courage to take such a vow? I don’t think so. If yes, for which chances are very less, then it will be really good for the country as a whole.

One of the most heated controversies in athletics centers on the use of anabolic steroids. Behind the dispute is the evidence that steroids pose a health hazard. They are linked to the cardiovascular disease, liver disorders, and cancerous tumors. In addition, there is evidence that they cause personality aberrations. Still, an alarming number of athletes are willing to risk their health for the enhanced performance steroids provide-and it is not hard to understand why.

First of all, many athletes are so blinded by the obvious benefits of steroid use that they fail to note their adverse effects. They are so focused on the increased strength, stamina, and size that result from steroid use, that athletes may overlook the abuse their bodies are sustaining-often until it is too late. That is, athletes who are delighting in turning in the best performance of their lives are not likely to think about future harmful effects. This is the same psychology that keeps the nicotine addict smoking three packs a day, until the X-ray shows lung cancer is so advance that nothing can be done.

Some athletes rationalize steroid use another way. They claim that anabolic steroids pose no greater health hazard than participation in such contact sports such as football, boxing, and wrestling. However, these athletes fail to understand that in addition to harming the body, steroids also heighten the danger of contact sports by making the users larger and stronger, thereby increasing their momentum and impact.

Some people think steroid use continues despite the life threatening effects because athletes are just “dumb jocks” who are not smart enough to appreciate the risks. I don’t accept that explanation. Instead, I suspect that steroid use continues partly because most athletes are young, and young people never feel threatened. Part of being young is invulnerable. That is why young people drive too fast, drink too much, and take risks like bungee jumping. They just do not believe that anything can happen to them. The same psychology is at work with athletes. They are young people who feel they will live forever. In addition, athletes assume that because their bodies are so physically conditioned they can withstand more punishment than the average person, so they feel even less at risk by steroid use.

Perhaps the biggest reason athletes use steroids can be explained by the spirit lies at the heart of all athletics: competition. One a handful of athletes enhances their performance artificially, and then others follow in order to stay competitive. Eventually, steroid users dominate a sport, and anyone who wants to compete at the highest level is forced to use steroids or lose out. This fact explains why unscrupulous coaches and trainers who want to win at any cost have contributed to the problem by offering steroids to their players and urging them to use them. Sadly, this practice has even filtered down to the high school level in some cases.

Competition for the thrill of winning is only part of the explanation, however, Big-time athlete means big-time money. As the financial rewards rise in a given sport, so does the pressure to win at any cost. Huge salaries, big bonuses, beautiful cars, girls and incredibly lucrative commercial endorsements all temp athletes to enhance their performances any way they can.

Despite drug testing before competitions and dissemination of information about the danger of anabolic steroids, athletes still use steroids because the pressures to do so are so compelling. The truth is that too many athletes think steroids only hurt the other person, or else they think using steroids is worth the risk.

The Pros and Cons of a Breast Reduction Savanna Elevate Hudson Instructor: Pamela Congealed ENG 121 English Composition I July 29, 2014 The decision to have a breast reduction surgery came after years of continuous back pain throughout my life. My experience has been a real Journey in researching the right doctor and asking the right questions for this type of surgery. My Journey began in 2012 after many attempts to lose weight. I began doing several exercises with hope that my breast would firm up and I would see a change see a change with my weight.

After seeing no changes I decided to take another route. I tried many different diets, personal trainers, meal plans and body wrap suits. With that I tried I still say no results. Ultimately I decided that I should start looking into breast reduction surgery to see if it was a good fit for me. In 2014 after during all my research I find a surgeon and had my consultation. I was made aware of financial obligation which was ten-thousand dollars after discussing it with my significant other I then decided to have the surgery.

I was made aware of the complications that old come from having this particular surgery. The complications could range from bleeding during surgery, possible of a stroke, heart attack, are even blood clotting. After finding the right doctor and discussing all the pros and cons then, I decided that it would be well worth the risk to have the surgery. I express to the surgery I wanted my current double H -bra size reduce c-cup. A week before surgery I completed my pre-pop and was cleared for surgery due to all labs being normal. The surgery was approximately three hours longs.

I was immediately after surgery I was admitted into the hospital due to my inability to fully wake after the surgery. The next morning following surgery I waken with severe pain, swelling, and soreness. I had bandage wrapped around my entire breast area with drainage tubes on the left and right side. I was hospitalized for two days and unable to move due excruciating pain. After two days of being hospitalized I was being discharge and I received my aftercare instructions. My instructions were a bit rigorous because I had to remember several things.

These things included getting use to wearing a bra purport, remembering to take my medications, applying medicated cream to the incision creams, and continuing to drain my breast pumps and keep them clean after showering. My significant other helps me with all my personal needs. He helped me bathes, put on my clothes and shoes, and even feed me. I needed help because I was not able to fend for myself. After a week I had my first doctor visit sense surgery, and my bandages were removed as well as the tubs. I didn’t know whether to be happy or cry when I looked at my scars in the mirror.

I observed the incision from the right underarm to my left underarm. I was also shown where both nipples were removed and replaced by being sewn back on. The doctor also told me he removed five pound of breast tissue from each breast. My doctor assured me that the swelling, drainage and pain would subside overtime. He also went over a few restriction that I had to follow while recover at home. I couldn’t lift my arms over my head, no bending are stretching, no exercising, and no other strenuous activities. I would have three- four doctors visit before I would be able to return to work.

I was out from work for eight week from the surgery. He also advised that the full recovery time could take up to one- two years. Since the reduction I went from a double H cup too C-cup and had to buy new clothes. I am now able to shop at my favorite which sis Victoria Secret. I really enjoy wearing tank tops, sun dresses, and sleeves shirts. Crop tops and sports bras. In going through with the surgery, it has been the greatest thing I could’ve done. I am happier than Vive been in years, and my health overall is excellent. Life as I know it now is awesome.

It is a great feeling to be able to run and play with the kids and not become short of breath, be able to function daily without any back pain, and most importantly wear clothing that looks great on me. I am no longer on a diet every other week. I have changed the way I eat, and Vive incorporated exercising, and increased my water intake for myself and my family as well. I learned how to buy the right foods, and how to eat them properly to ensure that it would help me burn calories. I would give word of advice to anyone that is thinking about having this surgery.

I would advise them to do extensive research on the doctors, always ask lots of questions and remember that no question is a dumb question. They’re many research tools available such as you-tube, which how the actual footage of the procedure and Google is helpful information on specialist and procedure. I would also make sure that you truly know what the complications are, and how it will change your life before you decide to do it. I suggest that you have a good support system to get you through your recovery. I truly thank my significant other for all his purport and encouragement from the beginning to the end as well other family members.

It’s also important to do your research on the surgery because it range anywhere from five thousand are more. I also make sure you’re able to be out from work least eight weeks for this type for surgery. Overall, I would not recommend this major surgery to anyone if there are other options available. After listening to several women that had this procedure done, and comparing and contrasting I am proud to say that I could not be happier by having had this surgery. This has truly been a life changing event in my life.

Between 1840 and 1900 living conditions in towns improved. How did the work of government, local councils and individuals bring this about? In this essay I will discuss the conditions in towns between 1840 and 1900 and the improvements in Public health since 1840. While doing this I will link reasons together to achieve my final conclusion. I will begin with an explanation of living conditions in towns and cities in the early 19th century. Living in the early 19th Century was very tough for most people. At least 80% were working class.

Houses where small and over crowded allowing diseases to spread easily. The air was polluted, poor and environment unhealthy because the people did not know about the causes and consequences of pollution. For example, coal burning from houses and factories was polluting the environment, but it was the main source of fuel. The environment was not just damaged by coal burning and the resulting sulphur dioxide and carbon dioxide, it was also unbearable because of the terrible smell and insanitary living conditions.

The smell was caused by the lack of sewerage system, public toilets (as only rich people could afford a toilet in the house), dirty water; unhygienic disposal of waste and the fact that cleaning methods were inadequate – no reliable products. The filth was particularly bad in the Soho district of London. In the late summer of 1854 there was a sudden outbreak of cholera. Dr John Snow quoted that it was “the most terrible outbreak of cholera which ever occurred in the kingdom. ” Over the first 3 days of September 127 people died that lived on or near Broad Street.

In some parts of the city the mortality rate was just 12. 8%. Nobody knew were it came from. The city stunk of human waste and the river Thames was a sewer. As the city grew the waste was increasing. When there was heavy rain the basements were flooded. This meant that people living in the basement and the rest of the house were in contact with raw sewerage and this would also attract disease and vermin and spread infections. Everyone wanted a clean fresh city where they could breathe clean air, drink and wash in clean water and live and keep their belongings in clean houses.

I believe that people’s ignorance to the effects of their actions and the fact that they had no alternatives had a big impact on the living conditions in the early 19th century. This is because many people were so poor and uneducated; they had no choice but to live in these conditions. This was particularly relevant in London and main industrialised towns and cities where people moved from the country because many were losing their jobs. This was because the invention of machinery on work and therefore forced people to evacuate to bigger cities with more work needed.

In the country they may only have been able to get seasonal work in the fields and they dreamt of a better life in the city where there was more regular work available in the factories. They needed to live in the bigger towns to have the opportunity to earn money in factories and workhouses. As London was rapidly growing, the health conditions got worse. Streets were filled with rubbish and dead animals and never cleaned. Street cleaners only clean roads with people living there who could afford to pay their wages.

The fact that there was little public services for example there was no national health services and you had to pay for the health services, there was no clean running water, poor structured houses full of people, filth and germs round every corner and the fact that the homeless children and even some adults, as seen in the cartoon bellow, where rolling around in the waste on the streets. The picture is a cartoon drawn at a time when the government believed that looking after the poor, the old and the sick was the job of individuals and their families.

They also believed in individualism and self help believing that if the government did too much for people they would become weak and dependent. This was named laissez faire. This is French for do little or nothing. It was there duty to make laws and deal with wars, but not to ‘babysit’ the community. At the end of the 19th century, the city life was improving little by little. New laws, such as the 1875 Artisan’s Dwelling Act, meant that better housing was being built. It was an act of the parliament designed by Richard Cross, Home Secretary.

The Act made the owners give their slums to the council so they could demolish the areas of slum housing to be redeveloped by commercial builders with low interest. The Artisans Dwelling Act of 1885 was considered one of most significant acts of the Prime Minister, Benjamin Disraeli’s presidency. The improvements to public heath brought real benefits. By this time cities had facilities to meet all kinds of interests, from dance halls to chapels. People joined together in a wide range of clubs and societies. There were nearly 700,000 allotments by 1881.

Allotment holders held competitions for flowers and vegetables. Enthusiasts, usually men, took time to trouble over breeding birds such as pigeons or canaries. Choirs were very popular, usually as part of church or chapel life. Many played in brass bands, often sponsored by a factory-owner. By the end of the century, cycling had become a popular hobby with both sexes. Thousands began to spend their Saturday watching sport. Various kinds of football had been popular for centuries. They were crude rough games, with few rules. Now people lived in clean houses and apartments.

In Birmingham Joseph Chamberlain made calls for slum clearance, improved housing, municipalisation of public utilities and higher taxes for the rich. He was elected as mayor of Birmingham in 1876. The middle class of Birmingham adored chamberlain. They all voted for what he fought for. He soon became Prime Minister William Ewart Gladstone’s lieutenant in the House of Commons and later in 1882 was appointed president of the Board of Trade in Gladstone’s second ministry. The Municipal Corporations Act of 1835 was an act of Parliament that rehabilitated local government. It split the country into districts.

Each district was responsible for running local services such as housing and education. They had commissioners to be in charge of each local council. The royal commission had eighteen members, two members for each district. A new law was made so middle class people were aloud to participate in the local council. They had annual elections each year, were a third of the council members up for election. They also elected aldermen to be part of the council with a six year term. Towns were divided into smaller areas were they had a local person to represent them on the local council.

As previously highlighted in the early 19th century overcrowding, poverty, dirty environment and insanitary housing lead to disease. In 1843 Edwin Chadwick argued that poverty was caused by disease and that by curing diseases poverty would be reduced. Joseph Bazelgette who designed the sewage system, made sure that the flow of foul water and underground rivers was diverted along new sewers and taken the sewage treatment works and then pumped into Tidal Thames where it would be carried out to sea rather than stay in the previous “open sewer” of the Thames.

His design was so good it has stood up to increases in volume of raw sewage. In 1848 the cholera epidemic spurred the government into action through public health measures followed by health measures for individuals. Many people thought cholera was air bourn but John Snow thought it entered the body through the mouth. He investigated a cholera outbreak in 1854 and carefully plotted all cases on a map of Soho where the outbreak occurred. He managed to identify a water pump as the source of the disease. When he removed the handle the causes of cholera immediately declined.

It took another six years before this theory was more widely accepted. John Snow also made development in anaesthetics and made them safer and more effective for use on humans. Public health measures included: – The public health of 1888 gave all towns the right to employ a public health officer. – In 1853 public vaccinations against small pox were made compulsory. – In 1854 influence by Florence Nightingale and other campaigners, hospital hygiene was improved and hospitals became much cleaner places, helping to prevent the spread of disease.

The 1875 Public Health Act required the clearance off slums, the installation of sewers, clean water supplies and better environment to live in. This was very successful as public health improved and local councils competed to be the best public health provider. This lead to the individual health measures introduced in the early 20th century e. g. free school meals in 1906, medical examinations for all children in 1907. Old age pensions introduced and in 1911 National Insurance (free medical treatment for workers. During the 19th century knowledge about the ways bodies work increased. William Beaumont (1822) studied the digestive system. Theodor Schwann (1858) realised that animal tissues were made of cells. Henry Gray (1858) wrote Grays anatomy and people started to have a broad knowledge of how their bodies worked. Louis Pasteur discussed that germs can cause disease rather that’s the previous theory of spontaneous generation where diseases cause germs. This also led to the pasteurisation of milk.

Robert Kock studied bacteria further and identified bacteria specific to the diseases septicaemia, TB and cholera and others discovered the bacteria that caused typhoid pneumonia and the plague. Patrick Manson 1879 discovered that diseases could be spread by vectors such as flies. Charles Chamberlain (1884) discovered viruses. Therefore understanding of disease was improving rapidly and there were some inventions that helped the treatment of disease also, e. g. multi lens microscope (Lister 1826) kymograph to measure pulse (1847 Ludwig) and x-rays (Roentgen 1895).

At the beginning of the 19th century doctors would only provide comfort but by the end they could treat diseases and heal some patients with surgery. I believe the living conditions between 1840 and 1900 did improve. The government and local councils brought this about by clearing slums and areas of bad, dirty housing, supporting improvements in biology knowledge cleaning up sewers and improving local government, encouraging people to help themselves and no longer accepting poverty as something that can not be dealt with.