Community

The City of Kelsey is a very eco-friendly community. Their goals were to provide a safer environment for their community. They wanted to encourage their quality of life with health lifestyles and efforts for the environment. They have organic gardens, and orchards. They really focus on natural resources and preservation. The type of work in the City of Kelsey is a consulting firm, trucking company, organic fruits and vegetables, and a construction company.

The prime shipping company is Huffman trucking which ships there organic, fruits and vegetables. Kelsey gardens runs a restaurant and have positions available in the vacationing season. They also have a construction company that helps Jobs become available for the residents of Kelsey such as construction, contracting, designing and engineering. The community of the City of Kelsey has an annual balloon fest every year, and a monthly farmers market for the community. They also partake in the St.

Patrick’s Day Parade, craft fairs, and a memorial softball tournament, and an annual 10K marathon. The residents of the City of Kelsey are very involved in their community and there are lots of activities for all. The members of the community really pull together to make things happen and keep everyone going. They also have a post office that offers shipping and mailing services for the residents. There medical center allows you to get the proper care when you need it.

The responsibilities of the people of the City of Kelsey is to let the community now that they focus on continuously improving and making the City of Kelsey a happy place for all. There are so many opportunities at the City of Kelsey whether it’s finding employment or Joining the small or large businesses of the community. Each member of this community puts all efforts to making sure that they keep their community clean and help everyone developing a healthy lifestyle.

The responsibilities of the community to their individuals are to let them feel like they can e comfortable and involved in their community. They offer numerous activities to bring everyone closer together as a community and at the same time they are having fun and staying healthy. As a member of this community being socially responsible would consist of volunteering my time and efforts to be a part of this community and do whatever it takes to keep it going strong and help come up with fresh new ideas for the community to grow and become a part of.

Individual General Profile Angel Pacheco 7/22/12 ETH/316 The City of Kelsey boasts a rich and diverse culture with residents ranging from African American, Caucasian, Asian American, and other ethnicities. The occupations that these residents are associated with range from logistics, information technologies, medical personnel, and blue collar occupations. Interaction within a community as tight knit as the City of Kelsey occurs throughout the region.

Shops in the downtown area offer a place for residents to hang out and relieve stress, as well as aid in spurring the regions economy. The Kelsey Library is a great place for residents of all ages to research the internet, as well as read recreationally. Community events in the City of Kelsey include an annual 10K Marathon, various sports tournaments, an annual balloon festival, a monthly farmers market, and an annual St. Patricks Day Parade. These events offer a wide variety of events to enable community interaction.

With over 71,000 students in the Kelsey School system, all regional schools are used to educate students in a group setting. This group setting is paramount in interaction between students. With over 4,500 educators, the school system offers a place for staff members to interact as well. With a history embedded in agriculture, combined with an organic way of life, the community believes in being responsible for the community on an individual basis.

With the use of public transportation, and alternative means such as bicycles the community is showing how they are giving back. With the community offering many opportunities for activity such as arts and crafts center, aquatic center, Lake Lora, and the city park it is the responsibility of the community to reciprocate this through careful preservation of these resources. The City of Kelsey has a foundation of preservation of natural resources, but with the rise of population in the last few years the efforts must be dramatically increased.

Being socially responsible would be to recognize this problem and allocate funds to maintain the problem with the Sanitation Department and their digester problem. Many of the problems that arise with their greatest resource water, derived from Lake Lora or regional aquifers, may be caused by leeching from a poorly kept solid waste digester. Allocation of funds for this problem is imperative in determining the ability of reversing the degradation of the water quality available to the City of Kelsey.

Health communicating encompasses the survey and usage of communicating schemes to inform and act upon single and community determinations that enhance wellness. It links the spheres of communicating and wellness and is progressively recognized as a necessary component of attempts to better personal and public wellness ( National Cancer Institute ( NCI ) , 1989 ; Jackson and Duffy, 1998 ; Piotrow, et al. , 1997 ) .

Health communicating can lend to all facets of disease bar and wellness publicity.

For persons, effectual wellness communicating can assist raise consciousness of wellness hazards and solutions provide the motive and accomplishments needed to cut down these hazards, assist them happen support from other people in similar state of affairss, and affect or reinforce attitudes ( NCI, 1989 ) . Health communicating besides can increase demand for appropriate wellness services and decrease demand for inappropriate wellness services. For the community, wellness communicating can be used to act upon the populace docket, advocator for policies and plans, promote positive alterations in the socioeconomic and physical environments, better the bringing of public wellness and wellness attention services, and promote societal norms that benefit wellness and quality of life ( Piotrow, 1997 ) .

It is used to forestall morbidity and mortality and to advance a impression of holistic wellness and well-being ( Nova, 2008 ) .

Communication in wellness takes topographic point on many degrees, including single, group, administration, community or mass-media. Health practicians have an of import function in the betterment of single, group, or community wellness by “ encouraging people to get down or increase wellness advancing behaviors and to discontinue or diminish wellness damaging behavior ” ( Jones and Donovan, 2004 ) .Communication procedure is a multi-dimensional dealing ( Nova,2008 ) .

Health publicity aims to cut down inauspicious wellness hazards in an full population by aiming those at high, low and no hazard. Review of the literature suggests that mass media communications runs addition consciousness, information seeking, cognition and purpose to alter behaviors, better attitudes and consequence in behavior alteration ( Freimuth and Taylor, 1996 ) .

Theory is defined as a set of interconnected constructs, definitions, and propositions that present a systematic position of phenomena by specifyA­ing dealingss among variables, with the intent of explicating and foretelling the phenomena ( Kerlinger, 1973 ) . It presents a systematic manner of understanding events or state of affairss. Using theory as a foundation for plan planning and development is consistent with the current accent on utilizing evidence-based intercessions in public wellness. For the intent of this assignment, I will be turn toing the issue of arthritis concentrating on the theoretical and practical direction, leading and communicating issues to be addressed for the effectual executing of a wellness run to forestall arthritis and promote lifestyle alteration, including physical activity, weight loss, and decrease in ingestion of concentrated fats and intoxicant.

Background to the wellness issue

Definition of Arthritis

Arthritis and other arthritic conditions are among the most common chronic conditions and the taking cause of disablement in the United States ( CDC, 2003a ) .These conditions often lead to restrictions in work, diversion, and usual activities, including basic self-care. Three of the most common signifiers of arthritis are osteoarthritis, arthritic arthritis, and fibromyalgia.

aˆ? Osteoarthritis or “ degenerative articulation disease. Degeneration of joint gristle and alterations in underlying bone and back uping tissues lead to trouble, stiffness, motion jobs, and activity restrictions ( CDCP, 1999 ) .

aˆ? Rheumatoid arthritis is characterized by chronic redness of the joint liner.

Symptoms include hurting, stiffness, and swelling of multiple articulations. This lead to bone and gristle eroding, joint malformations, motion jobs, and activity restriction ( CDCP,1999 ) .

aˆ? Fibromyalgia is a hurting syndrome affecting musculus and musculus attachment countries. Common symptoms include widespread hurting throughout the musculuss of the organic structure, sleep upsets, weariness, concerns, and cranky intestine syndrome and happen more normally in adult females than work forces ( ( Helmick et al. , 2008 ) .

Planing Rationale

The Arthritis Burden

Approximately 27 million people in United State have degenerative arthritis, 5 million have fibromyalgia, and another 2.1 million have rheumatoid arthritis ( Helmick et al. , 2008 ) .In add-on, arthritis has a important consequence on quality of life, non merely for those who experience its painful symptoms and ensuing disablement, but besides for their household members and attention givers. Arthritis prevalence additions with age. Prevalence of arthritis is higher among adult females ( 28.3 % ) than work forces ( 18.2 % ) ( CDC, 2003b ) .

Arthritis yearly consequences in 36 million ambulatory attention visits, 744,000 hospitalizations, 9,367 deceases, 19 million people with activity restrictions ( Helmick et al. , 2008 ) .

Therefore, arthritis has become one of the most urgent public wellness jobs in the universe, a job that is expected to decline unless prompt and responsible action is taken.

Effectss of arthritis: Arthritis is a menace to a individual ‘s physical, psychological, societal, and economic well-being. It frequently deprives people of their freedom and independency and can interrupt the lives of household members and other attention givers.

Physical symptoms of arthritis include hurting, loss of joint gesture, and weariness.

Psychological emphasis, depression, choler, and anxiousness frequently accompany arthritis. Social wellbeing is affected by arthritis. Peoples with arthritis often experience decreased community engagement, troubles in school, and sexual jobs.

Economic deductions of arthritis include unequal entree to care, and fiscal loads due to wellness attention costs and income loss ensuing from work restrictions.

Arthritis is 2nd merely to bosom disease as a major cause of lost work. ( La Plante, 988 ) .

Hazard factors for arthritis

Three of these factors are: non-modifiable female sex, older age, and familial sensitivity. Although these factors can non be changed, cognition of their presence helps place groups at higher hazard for arthritis so that intercession attempts can be targeted consequently.

aˆ?Women aged 15 old ages and older history for 60 % of arthritis instances. At least 26.4 million adult females have arthritis, the taking chronic status among adult females, ( Callahan et al. , 1996 ; CDC, 1995 ) .

aˆ? Age is besides associated with increased hazard of arthritis. One-half of the aged population is affected by arthritis, and hazard additions with age.

aˆ? Genetic sensitivity. Certain cistrons are known to be associated with a higher hazard of some types of arthritis. Modifiable hazard factors are besides associated with increased hazard of arthritis. These include

aˆ? Obesity. ( CDC, 1996 )

aˆ? Joint hurts.

aˆ? Infections.

aˆ? Certain businesss ( for illustration, agriculture, heavy industry, and businesss with insistent knee-bending ( Felson et al. , 1991 ; Felson and Zhang, 1998 ) .

Health publicity Approach

This construct encompasses three degrees:

aˆ? Primary bar is designed to forestall a disease or status ( arthritis ) from happening in the first topographic point. Physical activity to cut down the hazard of arthritis is an illustration of primary bar step.

aˆ? Secondary bar efforts to place a disease in its earliest phase so that prompt and appropriate direction can be initiated. Successful secondary bar reduces the impact of the disease.

aˆ?Tertiary bar focal points on cut downing or minimising the effects of a disease once it has developed. The end of third bar is to extinguish, or at least hold, the oncoming of complications and disablement due to the disease.

Primary bar schemes that exist for arthritis

Merely a few primary bar schemes are considered effectual for arthritis. These include:

aˆ?Weight control: Keeping an appropriate weight or cut downing weight to a recommended degree lowers a individual ‘s hazard for certain common signifiers of arthritis. Obesity is a hazard factor for degenerative arthritis of the articulatio genus ( Felson and Zhang, 1998 ; Roubenoff et al. , 1991 ) .

aˆ? Occupational hurt bar: Taking safeguards to avoid insistent articulation usage and ensuing joint hurt in the occupational scene can assist to forestall arthritis ( Felson, 1991 ) .

aˆ? Sports hurt bar: Exploitation recommended injury bar schemes ( for illustration tune-ups, beef uping exercisings, and appropriate equipment ) aid to avoid joint hurts and harm to ligaments and gristle, all of which can increase the hazard of degenerative arthritis ( Felson and Zhang, 1998 ) .

The secondary bar schemes for arthritis status

aˆ? Early diagnosing. Early diagnosing of all types of arthritis is of import ( Rao et al. , 1997 )

aˆ? Medical intervention. Antibiotic intervention for early Lyme disease can forestall subsequently phase disease ( Steere, 1990 ; Schoen, 1994 ) . Decrease of uric acid degrees in urarthritis and early usage of disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs ( DMARDs ) for rheumatoid arthritis can better long-run results.

The third bar schemes for Arthritis status

Third bar schemes can cut down hurting and disablement, increase a individual ‘s sense of control, and better quality of life.

aˆ? Self-management

aˆ?Weight control and physical activity: are of import constituents of a disease direction plan. Being overweight is associated with increased hazard of degenerative arthritis, and weight loss reduces the hazard of articulatio genus degenerative arthritis ( Felson, 1992 ) .

PACE ( Peoples with Arthritis Can Exercise ) is one such community-based recreational exercising plan. aˆ? Education: is another effectual self-management intercession for people with arthritis.

aˆ? Rehabilitation services: Physical and occupational therapy can rectify damages and diminish activity restrictions.

aˆ? Medical and surgical intervention: Many different drugs are used to handle arthritis. Medicines for some types of arthritis can restrict disease patterned advance, control symptoms, and prevent serious complications.

Joint replacing therapy is most appropriate for people with chronic, terrible hurting or activity restrictions.

Schemes for the success of the communicating plan

The undermentioned activities will be carried out to guarantee the success of the communicating plan:

Thorough state of affairs analysis

This is one of the first stairss in planing an effectual communicating plan. Determination of the current load of arthritis, the degree of consciousness of the wellness issue by the populace, and the sort of communicating scheme in topographic point are critical.

Besides, a thorough apprehension of the mark audience is necessary. It is of import to cognize their demographic, societal, political, cultural and economic features.

This can be carried out through cardinal interviews, observations, and concentrate group treatments studies.

Strategy Goal

The overall end of this Plan is to excite and beef up a national co-ordinated attempt for cut downing the happening of arthritis and its attendant disablement.

Specific ends are to

aˆ? Establish a solid scientific base of cognition on the bar of arthritis and related disablement.

aˆ? Increase consciousness of arthritis, its impact, the importance of early diagnosing and appropriate direction, and effectual bar schemes.

aˆ? Implement effectual plans to forestall the oncoming of arthritis and its related disablement.

Scheme Purposes

aˆ? Increase public consciousness of arthritis as the taking cause of disablement and an of import public wellness job.

aˆ? Promote early diagnosing and appropriate direction for people with arthritis to guarantee them the maximal figure of old ages of healthy life.

aˆ? Minimize preventable hurting and disablement due to arthritis.

aˆ? By developing and accessing the resources they need to get by with their disease.

aˆ? Ensure that people with arthritis receive the household, equal, and community support they need.

Scheme Aims

The aims must be SMART that is it should be specific, mensurable, accomplishable, realistic and clip edge ( Naidoo and Wills, 2009 ) . The aims will include:

To increase the degree of consciousness and cognition of arthritis

To advance positive attitudes towards lifestyle alteration.

To better activities of day-to-day life and rehabilitation.

Execution

Communication Schemes for the Public

This mark audience, the broadest of the three, includes all Americans. These precedence audiences include ( CDCP,1999 )

aˆ? Peoples with arthritis symptoms.

aˆ? At-risk populations ( for illustration, cultural groups, medically underserved populations, and groups with low socioeconomic position ) .

aˆ? Family members of people with arthritis.

aˆ?Women.

aˆ? Non-traditional spouses ( for illustration, colleagues, neighbors, faith communities, Meals on Wheels plans, and local merchandisers ) .

aˆ? Federal, province, and community authorities leaders.

Three major schemes should be used to present these messages to the precedence public audiences:

1. Promote partnerships to present consistent messages that reach full populations.

Because of the comprehensiveness of the audience necessitating arthritis-related messages and the diverseness of subpopulations within that audience, administrations and bureaus must pool their resources and attempts to present a consistent message.

aˆ? Identify national and province alliances that address hazard factors for arthritis.

aˆ? Strengthen coactions among authorities bureaus, voluntary wellness bureaus, and professional organisations.

aˆ? Coordinate a communicating run on behalf of all partnership web members.

aˆ? Seek and construct on dependable beginnings of arthritis information, actions, and services.

2. Behavior market research to determine the messages.

Because arthritis potentially affects all community members, arthritis-related messages and bringing channels need to be tailored to appeal to different sections of the community. This grade of specification requires market research to both determine the message and bringing channels and prove their effectivity as consciousness runs are developed.

aˆ? Identify subpopulations within mark groups for arthritis messages.

aˆ? Design and implement behavioral research to find the wellness patterns and media penchants of each mark group.

aˆ? Develop and trial arthritis and disablement messages for physical activity runs, nutrition and weight control plans.

aˆ? Develop messages about the importance of weight care and physical activity.

aˆ? Produce stuffs that can be used by bureaus and administrations that serve mark groups.

3. Increase consciousness throughout all communities.

It touches people throughout the community: kids in schools, employees in the worksite, participants in senior Centres, members of all religions, and stray persons populating entirely. .

aˆ? Tailor messages and develop runs to make people with undiagnosed arthritis and to motivate them to seek early diagnosing and appropriate direction.

aˆ?Tailor messages about community norms for weight and physical activity.

aˆ? Develop messages about hurt bar.

aˆ? Add to bing physical activity runs messages about the function of physical activity in minimising arthritis disablement.

aˆ? Increase consciousness of the nexus between arthritis and weight control, physical activity, and nutrition.

aˆ? Ensure that messages efficaciously counteract predominating misconceptions.

aˆ? Include arthritis bar messages in wellness education/healthy lifestyle plans in schools and workplaces.

Incorporate arthritis into chronic disease bar, wellness publicity and instruction, and other plans of province and local wellness sections.

Several bar schemes for arthritis are similar to risk-factor decrease schemes for other chronic conditions. Many province and local wellness sections already have plans directed toward increasing physical activity, advancing a healthy diet, and cut downing fleshiness. All of these plans could be modified to integrate an arthritis-specific message. In add-on, province and local wellness sections have the chance to plan plans directed at cut downing arthritis disablement through appropriate bar messages.

aˆ? Encourage province and local wellness sections to do arthritis patient instruction stuffs available at all intervention sites.

aˆ? Facilitate partnerships between public wellness bureaus and managed attention administrations to supply appropriate arthritis instruction across the natural disease spectrum, from prediagnosis through disablement direction, and in all types of attention scenes ( for illustration, community-based attention, and in-home attention ) ( CDCP,1999 ) .

Communication Schemes for Health Professionals

This audience includes all clinical, community, and public wellness professionals who potentially affect the wellness and wellbeing of people with or at hazard for arthritis ( CDCP,1999 ) .

Subgroups of the wellness professional audience include

aˆ? Primary wellness attention suppliers, including baby doctors, who see the bulk of arthritis patients.

aˆ? Rheumatologists, physiatrists, orthopedic sawboness, pediatricss, rheumatologists, and other doctors.

aˆ? Nurses.

aˆ? Physical healers and occupational healers.

aˆ? Social workers and mental wellness workers.

aˆ? Chiropractors.

aˆ? Chiropodists.

aˆ? Exercise and fittingness professionals, instructors, and managers.

aˆ? Alternative medical specialty practicians.

aˆ? Pharmacists.

aˆ? Public wellness community members ( for illustration, pedagogues, public wellness nurses, and plan directors ) .

Although the specific message will change for different types of suppliers, all of these professionals must cognize

aˆ? The prevalence of arthritis and its impact on disablement and quality of life.

aˆ? The most common myths about arthritis and accurate information to chase away them.

aˆ? Preventive schemes.

aˆ? The importance of early diagnosing of the type of arthritis and appropriate direction schemes.

aˆ? Referral beginnings ( that is when and where to mention ) .

aˆ? Beginnings of support.

aˆ? The value of self-management and other non pharmacological intercessions.

To be able to step in early and suitably to cut down disablement, wellness professionals must hold accurate, up-to-date information about arthritis. The undermentioned attacks should be tailored, based on behavioral research, to each type of wellness professional ( CDCP,1999 ) .

Better the cognition, attitudes, and patterns of primary attention practicians and other doctors through undergraduate and alumnus instruction, go oning medical instruction, and in-service instruction.

Better the cognition, attitudes, and patterns of other wellness professionals through undergraduate and alumnus instruction, go oning instruction, and in-service instruction.

Widen the range of arthritis-related messages by utilizing communicating vehicles such as province and county medical societies, province and national professional organisations, professional newssheets and conferences, and web sites of professional organisations and protagonism groups.

Evaluation and Feedback

A baseline appraisal would be carried out and indexs would be set. For illustration, the plan may be assessed based on alterations in the degrees of consciousness, and the proportion of people with arthritis who can now pull off the symptoms on their ain. This will function as provender back for betterments in future intercessions.

Decision

Although wellness communicating is an built-in constituent of quality attention ( Vahabi, 2007 ) , developing and pull offing an effectual wellness communicating run is no easy undertaking. In visible radiation of empirical grounds back uping the benefits of wellness publicity and the premiss that effectual wellness communications can impact preventative wellness patterns ( Vahabi, 2007 ) , and in the context of wellness publicity pattern moralss, it is indispensable to guarantee that the bringing of optimum wellness communicating is deemed a high-priority wellness publicity issue. By contrast, hapless wellness communicating taking to less-than-optimal attention bringing and results ( Aitkens et al. , 2005 ) and unequal apprehension of self-care behaviors can ensue in legal branchings and decreased life quality ( Betancourt et al. , 2000 ) . Vahabi ( 2007 ) stated that miscommunications or failures to pass on wellness hazards can besides endanger people ‘s safety and their wellness position. In add-on, disbursement clip on some issues and non on others and non taking people ‘s capacities or state of affairss into history may impact their ability to entree wellness attention and their self-respect and rights to the benefits of optimum wellness instruction. A thorough apprehension of the theoretical issues underlying behavioral alteration and the assorted schemes for effectual execution are of import issues to see. However theory entirely can non vouch the success of any plan. An effectual director must besides understand the practical issues involved and cognize how best to cover with these issues for successful results.

Besides equal plan planning is indispensable, but even the best laid programs may non be good executed if the people do non hold the right managerial accomplishments. Development of effectual leading and direction accomplishments are hence of import and must besides be considered in the success of the plan.

Baum, S. Owen, S. , Oreck, B. ( 1997 ) . Transfering Individual Self-Regulation Procedures from Humanistic disciplines to Academics. Arts Education Policy Review 98.4: 32 ( 1 ) . Retrieved from General OneFile April 06, 2010.

What is the article about?

This article discusses the correlativity between pupils with larning disablements in the schoolroom and their ability to constructively use themselves in other countries of instruction.

Why was the research performed?

The research was performed to demo that pupils could use self-regulation in humanistic disciplines instruction to their schoolroom surveies and could better their overall instruction public presentation.

Findingss

This article explores the research behind how pupils learn in the humanistic disciplines and how those methods of direction can be used to better instruction and teacher instruction. It has been shown that effectual humanistic disciplines direction encourages the development of single schemes and multiple solutions to jobs

Strengths

The article was broken down into easy digestible subdivisions that were easier to understand and measure.

Failings

The tabular arraies where non good developed and were difficult to follow doing the article less cohesive overall.

Deductions for Practice

Self-regulation occurs when pupils monitor precisely what they are making and compare their advancement to an internal criterion and have finally have assurance in what they are making. This can be developed by external environment factors and while everyone can profit from self-regulation it would be particularly of import for this accomplishment to be taught to underachieving pupils.

Key words

Dance and Society

Citation

Cote, P. ( 2006 ) . The power of dance in society and instruction:

lessons learned from tradition and invention ; Rich dance

experiences, and the dynamic tenseness between tradition and

invention, supply a solid foundation for dance instruction.

JOPERD — The Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & A ;

Dance 77.5: 24 ( 10 ) . Retrieved from General OneFile April 06,

2010.

What is the article about?

This article addresses the links between society and dance instruction. The writer looks at how each interacts and alterations the other. She besides examines dance instruction teacher-training plans and there consequences.

Why was the research performed?

The writer presents the stuff on the footing of her experience and the function dance played in her life played a big portion in her research layout and presentation.

Findingss

The writer found that while reflecting on her old ages of find and learning her positions were confirmed that the apprehension of the humanistic disciplines evolves over old ages of life closely with them. She purports that dance instruction promotes connexion with the community and that future instructors should develop enterprises which create happy schoolroom environments. This procedure can get down during instructor development and readying.

Strengths

The writer is really familiar with the capable affair as she was trained as a terpsichorean and a dance teacher. She used that cognition to compose an in deepness survey on dance in society and its application in instruction.

Failings

With the writer concentrating entirely on her experiences as a dance teacher the article is limited that experience and is directed more towards learning dance with a smaller focal point on instruction.

Deductions for Practice

By developing dance teachers decently the benefits to the pupils progresses into all facets of their lives non merely through dance.

Key words

Dance and Society

Citation

DeMetz, K. ( 2007 ) . Toward a synthesis of scientific discipline and theater humanistic disciplines.

Forum on Public Policy: A Journal of the Oxford Round Table.

Retrieved April 06, 2010 from Academic OneFile.

What is the article about?

This journal article discusses how scientific discipline and the theater humanistic disciplines, chiefly play and dance, have shared a successful relationship that has historically benefited society.

Why was the research performed?

The research was performed to demo how scientific discipline and the theater seek the same things.

Findingss

The writer found that systematically over two thousand old ages at that place has been a successful partnership between scientific discipline and the humanistic disciplines which should help in doing a instance for interdisciplinary course of study in our current instruction system.

Strengths

This article is really good written and leads the read from historical findings of links in scientific discipline and the humanistic disciplines to more current applications and deductions for modern society.

Failings

If you are unfamiliar with scientific discipline and the Laws of Motion, Newtonaa‚¬a„?s Laws, etc. this article will do for a confusing read.

Deductions for Practice

Although a New York Times column was keening Americaaa‚¬a„?s illiteracy in the countries of scientific discipline and math a recent survey showed that those pupils who studied the humanistic disciplines performed better in six classs of literacy and critical thought accomplishments. These Numberss show a direct correlativity between the humanistic disciplines and improved instruction benchmarks.

Key words

Dance and Society

Citation

Kinderfather, K. , & A ; Porter Hearn, C. ( 2010 ) .The National Dance

Association: the leader in dance instruction: these are some of the

ways in which NDA has affected the universe of dance instruction

in the past 25 old ages. JOPERD — The Journal of Physical

Education, Recreation & A ; Dance 81.1: 40 ( 5 ) . Retrieved April 06,

2010 from General OneFile.

What is the article about?

This article covers the assorted ways in which the National Dance Association ( NDA ) has affected the dance community over a 25 twelvemonth period and reviews future programs of the NDA to go on to heighten community and life styles of persons of all ages.

Why was the research performed?

This research was performed to supply an accurate overview of the benefits that the NDA has provided to the universe of dance and the community and their hereafter programs.

Findingss

NDA has contributed significantly to community instruction through dance for persons of all ages and continues to be after for the hereafter of dance in society.

Strengths

Provides a batch of basic information on how dance has historically been a portion of society and continues to be a portion of a strong foundation.

Failings

This journal article gives a wide overview of what the NDA has accomplished, but does non travel into any existent deepness.

Deductions for Practice

Re-enforces other journal articles and surveies that show dance incorporated into society will go on to profit persons of all ages and aid prepare pupils for todayaa‚¬a„?s society.

Key words

Dance and Society

Citation

Monroe, J. E. ( 1995 ) . Developing cultural consciousness through drama.

JOPERD — The Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & A ;

Dance 66.8: 24 ( 4 ) . Retrieved April 08, 2010 from General

OneFile.

What is the article about?

The function of drama on the development of cultural values and how dance can be incorporated into recreational plans in a manner to increase cultural consciousness and community engagement.

Why was the research performed?

This research was performed to demo how culturally play-based activities have been the cultural footing to go through down or present values within a community from coevals to coevals.

Findingss

Adults benefit from the interaction every bit much as the kids do. This survey showed that drama could supply the participants the chance to research the word around them and let them to go more culturally cognizant of and accepting of the diverseness they are surrounded by in their environment.

Strengths

This journal article reviews a assortment of signifiers of drama that would be good to cultural consciousness and value based betterments every bit good as how to develop a culturally based plan and who should be involved in the development of those plans for maximal effectivity.

Failings

The article covers a broad assortment of possibilities for cultural based consciousness non focused on dance entirely. Leans more towards play alternatively of utilizing dance as a focussed, dedicated signifier of look that benefits society and cultural diverseness and consciousness.

Deductions for Practice

By integrating play-based activities and dance you can supply a multicultural value system which will stress credence of differences between cultural systems. This would include assisting to develop a positive ego image for those persons who would be most affected by racism.

Key words

Dance and Society

Two reported eruptions of rubeolas in extremely immunized hilly countries were investigated under two bomber centres, viz. , Sailli and Sarah. In Sailli, the entire figure of instances were 51 with overall attack rate-6 % ; ( Sex Specific AR-male 12 % while female 7 % ) 4 ; and in Sarah there were 18 instances in all with overall onslaught rate as 4.2 % ; ( Sex specific AR-male 6.94 % and the female 7.2 % ) 5. All the instance patients belonged to 5 old ages plus age group ( Range being 5 old ages to 17 old ages ) during the period from September to November, 2006. The last reported eruption of rubeolas in the block was 8-9 old ages ago. During the same period no such eruptions were reported from any other blocks within the territory. Hence, a survey was undertaken with the aims :

1. To depict the aid seeking behaviour of female parents of kids with and without rubeolas and the factors associated with it and
2. To urge appropriate remedial steps to forestall and command farther eruptions.

Materials and Methods:

For this survey an in-depth reappraisal of the literature on the aid seeking behaviour of female parents and subsequent factors associated with rubeolas eruptions enabled choice of specific issues/factors. Many factors are reported to be associated with rubeolas such as geographically hard hilly countries, hapless socio-economic strata with unemployment ; marginalized subdivisions like scheduled castes/tribes.

1. Study design: A comparative survey.
2. Study period: 14th Nov. , to 14th Feb. , 2008.
3. Study country: Sub centres Sailli and Sarah, Shahpur block ( Measles outbreak Exposed ) and sub centres Mallan and Samloti of Nagrota Bagwan ( Measles not exposed ) block of territory Kangra which are more or less likewise placed.
4. Study population: Community members for Focus Group Discussions and female parents of kids ( from 5 old ages to 17 old ages ) with and without rubeolas of bomber centres Sailli and Sarah, Shahpur block ( Exposed ) and sub Centres Mallan and Samloti of Nagrota Bagwan comparative ( Non exposed ) block of territory Kangra.
5. Sample size: Community members for 4 Focus Group Discussions ( FGD ) with ( two FGDs-one male and 2nd female ) for instances. One FGD consists of 20 males and likewise, 2nd one with 20 females individually under Shahpur block and equal Numberss of FGDs for comparing under Nagrota Bagwan block ; and all female parents of entire 69 instance patients of two eruptions in the Shahpur block with exposure to rubeolas ( 5 old ages to 17 old ages with average 9 old ages ) in survey country with equal number-age and sex matched in comparative Nagrota Bagwan block were taken while the population features were the same.
6. Operational definitions of Measless: WHO definition: We defined a instance as the happening of febrility with roseola with or without cough ; rhinitis and pinkeye in a occupant of the small towns under bomber Centres Sailli and Sarah of Shahpur block ( Kangra ) between 1st September to 30th November 2006.

Data aggregation technique and tools:

Study squad:

Beneficiary related issues: We carried out an appraisal of aid seeking behaviour of female parents of instances and female parents of age and sex matched controls in comparative block utilizing Focus Group Discussions ( FGDs ) and in-depth interviews of all female parents of entire 69 instance patients with exposure to rubeolas in survey and comparative blocks. For this exercising, we constituted two squads of wellness workers. In each squad, there were six wellness workers ; three males and three females and they were supervised by two male wellness supervisors. The whole squad was trained and supervised by two senior medical officers. This procedure was carried out by interviews utilizing check list of inquiries and interview agenda utilizing qualitative standardised questionnaire. We besides compared the responses for four FGDs and in-depth qualitative interviews of all female parents of entire 69 instance patients of two eruptions in survey Shahpur and comparative Nagrota Bagwan blocks. We sought and obtained clearance from ethical commission from National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai. We analyzed the informations by MS-excel sheet, Stat calc and utilizing Epi info version 3.3.2.

Consequence:

Brief description of both countries: Topographically and demographically, both blocks are more or less likewise placed. Both the survey blocks are hilly situated at the height of 2600 pess to 2900 pess above the sea degree. Population features of both blocks are more or less same. 25-30 % of SC/ST and 4-5 % of ST with 30 % of OBC classs and remainder others constitute the caste constellation. In instance block, we have 36 bomber centres, 5 primary wellness centres, one community wellness Centre with 90 % of the adult male power in place while in comparative block, 38 bomber Centres, 5 primary wellness Centres and two community wellness Centres with 95 % of human resource in place.

Beneficiaries related issues:

Distribution of baseline features in the survey group:

Age: The average age of the instance and comparative groups kids was 9 old ages while mean was 9.6 and the manner was 6 ( scope being 5-17years ) , as the survey was matched for age and sex merely. So, out of 69 instances, 35 ( 51 % ) instance group and comparative group were ?9 old ages and 34 ( 49 % ) kids were & A ; gt ; 9years of age. Sexual activity: The proportion of the males in instances and controls were high 43 ( 62.3 % ) while those of the females were 26 ( 37.7 % ) . Religion: All instance and comparative groups were belonging to Hindu faith. Type of household: Merely 45 instances ( 65.2 % ) and 49 ( 71.0 % ) were holding the atomic households.

The cultural epidemiology and aid seeking behaviour of female parents of kids in Shahpur and Nagrota Bagwan blocks were assessed with Focus Group Discussions and ( two ) for in-depth qualitative interviews, we recruited all 69 female parents for entire instance patients and equal Numberss in 1st comparative group from Shahpur block and 2nd one from non rubeolas Nagrota Bagwan block. They were exposed to the selected variables for cognizing socio-economic position ; the community every bit good as the personal beliefs/barriers of the female parents of the affected and non affected countries coupled with cognition, attitude and pattern ; clip and distance from wellness attention installation ; attitude towards the heath system variables etc.

In Shahpur and Nagrota Bagwan blocks, rubeolas is locally known as Dharrssali largely, ( 80 % ) followed by less known as Chhotti mata ( 15 % ) and the least as Bodri ( 5 % ) . For bodily experience of rubeolas, 95 % respondents in Shahpur block have the personal experience in over 5 old ages of age but 25 % respondents in Nagrota Bagwan block do non hold the bodily experience of rubeolas outbreak in the country. All rubeolas related information has been largely heard or got from other beginnings. On aetiologic standing, 68 % respondents under Shahpur block property rubeolas to the expletive of goddess-Mata Ka vardaan hei and hence no flight path while the 55 % respondents in Nagrota Bagwan block grade contagion-chhoot is the causative factor. For wellness ( aid ) seeking behaviour of female parents, bulk ( 68 % ) of the respondents under Shahpur block spell by the established community belief and barrier that the free traditional intervention by faith therapists who recites mantras and Vannan shrubs motion on the organic structure and face of the instance patient for three to five yearss ; followed by 12 % by small town elders/neighbors/friends/relatives and in conclusion, if needed, confer withing physicians in the nearby wellness attention installations. 85 % of the people of the instance country go for the traditional therapists. The cost of intervention scopes from nil to Rs.350/- for Shahpur block whereas that of Nagrota Bagwan block, it is Rs. 200/- to Rs. 1200/- merely. 59 % of the respondents in Nagrota Bagwan block prefer modern system of intervention. For the inoculation of the kids, they have to go as long hilly distance as over 6-10 kilometers on pes devouring 3/4th hr to 2 and ? hr for nearest available wellness attention installation with long waiting clip in uncertainness.

For the first aid when their kid falls badly, as per their community/mothers ‘ beliefs, Shahpur block chiefly goes for faith therapists but the minority educated females ( 18 % ) from immature coevals insist for allopathic intervention while Nagrota Bagwan block respondents ( 65 % ) opts for authorities wellness attention installations but the minority older coevals ( 14 % ) still advocates for religion healing. Nutritional attention to the Dharrssali ( Measles ) afflicted kid is given in the signifier of restricted diet, Saunfi Banaksha, illaychi, decoction made of Gur ( Local autochthonal intervention expression ) . Seul ( Heat emancipating comestible ) should be given in copiousness and smoke Sarson ( Mustard seeds ) is blown under the fingerstall of the patient and the fried points be avoided. As a follow up patterns in the station recovery stage from unwellness, 58 % respondents from Shahpur block invoke the approvals of the goddess Sheetla.

69 % respondents acknowledge the visit of the local wellness worker one time in a month while in Nagrota Bagwan block, 74 % female parents confirms the frequence of visit of worker as twice in a month. For immunisation, 85 % respondents in instance block and 90 % in 2nd block go for inoculation in their several bomber Centres at the age of nine months to one twelvemonth. It is 100 % female parents all the manner who take kids to the Centre for inoculation. Protective value of vitamin A supplementation has been emphasized by 45 % respondents from Nagrota Bagwan block. 94 % of the respondents for instance block have indicated their pick Centre for immunisation and wellness seeking patterns for the common complaints in the center of small town which should be easy accessible with regular handiness of the worker at bomber Centre Sailli.

Discussion:

Our survey consequences need to be interpreted in context of the major factor, viz. donees ‘ related issues. The consequences of FGDs in two countries suggest difference in two countries with regard to knowledge sing cause of rubeolas, aid seeking behaviour, intervention and follow-up patterns. Illiteracy and cognition are complimentary. Added with beliefs and barriers in the present survey, many important factors like geographically hard hilly countries, nonreader female parents, marginalized subdivisions like scheduled castes/tribes ; poorness etc are more inclined towards traditional unscientific lines in footings of cause and consequence. Measles is locally known as Dharrssali. Shahpur block hypothesize the generation of rubeolas as expletive of goddess despite high immunisation coverage in the countries. Mahapatro M et Al observed that bhattara tribal adult females believe that rubeolas ( gundi ) and varicella ( maa ) occur due to the wrath of the Goddess ( thakurani ) on the patient, they visit the ‘desari ‘ instead than a medical practitioner7. More crowded instances of rubeolas are at that place due to their individual roomed adjustment and poorness in instance block. For the first aid when their kid falls badly, as per their community /mothers beliefs, Shahpur block chiefly goes for free of cost religion therapists. A good ball of female parents of the instance country go for the traditional intervention merely because of poorness and illiteracy in the country coupled with stiff personal and community beliefs The other grounds may be ill-mannered behaviour of wellness suppliers with hard handiness and handiness of the wellness suppliers with long waiting clip in uncertainness. The cost of intervention is non easy low-cost for Shahpur block. Jagrati V et Al observed that besides economic barriers, the other 1s are hapless agencies of transit and long distances8.

Nutritional attention to the Dharrssali afflicted kid is given in the signifier of restricted diet, Saunfi Banaksha, illaychi, decoction made of Gur. Seul ( Heat emancipating comestible ) should be given in copiousness and smoke Sarson ( Mustard seeds ) is blown under the fingerstall of the patient which eases rubeolas roseola to break out shortly. Avoid the fried points. Restricted nutrient with Seul rich diet during rubeolas was more operable in instance block. Belief barriers like nutrient and fruit turning away farther enhances vitamin A lack. The badness and continuance of unwellness were less in Shahpur instance block with vitamin A supplementation. Vitamin A supplementation has the protective function in cut downing the morbidity and mortality during the rubeolas outbreaks9. Mayfong Mayxay et Al recorded that the proportion of parents who practiced nutrient turning away behaviour was higher in the group with measles10 which agree with our survey consequences. The community ailment beliefs are more powerful in instance block like bulks of respondents in Shahpur block believe that rubeolas has to look one time in life clip owing to the approvals of Sheetla mata-the culprit of the unwellness. As a follow up patterns in the station recovery stage from unwellness, so they invoke the approvals of the goddess Sheetla. On the other manus, population in Nagrota Bagwan block were cognizant of rubeolas as a disease caused by close contact with septic individual, resorted to intervention and followup by qualified physicians at healthcare installation. Mothers in comparative block country had better entree to healthcare installations as compared to instance country. From in deepness interviews it was apparent that though socio-cultural and economic factors were more favourable among comparative group female parents as compared to instance respondents. The surveies by Ratho RK11 et Al, VK Desai et al12, Murray M and Rasmussen Z13, Jagvir Singh et al14, R. F. Grais et al15 and Munesh SK et al16 support our observations.

Restrictions:

Recall prejudice could hold occurred with regard to remembrance of immunisation of the kids of the both survey countries. However, the prejudice could use to both survey countries. So the prejudice would be non derived function.

Decision:

1. Majorities of the female parents with or without rubeolas in the hills seek traditional first aid ( such as intervention seeking and follow-up patterns of female parents ) during unwellness to quacks/chelas/faith therapists on history of hapless socio-cultural, economic factors ; myths and misconceptions ; malformed beliefs and barriers.
2. Distant and hard entree to healthcare installation in geographically tough countries is besides one of precipitating factors.

Recommendations:

Aggressive Information, Education and Communication ( IEC ) activities should be addressed towards modifying the aid seeking behaviour of female parents in the territory, particularly in the rubeolas affected countries. It has to be targeted and boosted for economic and societal behavioural alteration instead than informing the community. The duty has to be shared both by wellness suppliers, wellness searchers and community. Access to wellness attention installation needs to be improved through proviso of nomadic services on a regular basis in the distant countries.

English questions: -Explain how some of the specific events that are presented in your texts provide insight into belonging/ not belonging? -Relationships are integral to human beings feeling like they belong. Assess the truth of this statement in regard to your prescribed text and one other text. TODAYS LESSON: -Thesis statements for each aspect of belonging: -Acceptance -Understanding -Relationships -Notions of Identity -Experience -Landscape Write an introduction and conclusion for each of the questions at the top of the page. Acceptance: A strong sense of belonging within a community is reliant not only on the willingness to assimilate, but also on those already in the community to be accepting. •Feelings of acceptance can heighten a sense of belonging whereas rejection can alienate individuals. •An individual’s fear of alienation can lead them to think or act in ways that are not true to their ideology. Understanding •For an individual to feel that they belong to a particular person, place or group, they need to accept and understand the social expectations and behaviours of that community. Understanding the values of a person, place or group is the fundamental foundation for mutual respect that allows for a sense of belonging. •An understanding and appreciation of individual differences – even within a group – is essential for the smooth running of the society and thus is the origin of the sense of belonging or not belonging. Relationships •The need to belong to a group or community shapes our behaviour, attitude and actions. When humanity experiences a strong connection to a place the notion of belonging is strengthened and enriched. •When our relationship with a place is shaped by a narrow and biased view of the world, our notion of belonging can be questionable. •Connections with individuals, groups or places can nurture a sense of belonging through the relationship with that other person, group or place. •Relationships are the basis upon which an individual may feel a sense of belonging or not belonging towards a person or place. When significant relationships in life are fractured, often many other aspects related to an individual’s wellbeing will be negatively impacted. •Relationships come in many forms and can either allow an individual to experience a sense of belonging or hinder this sense of belonging. Notions of Identity •When your cultural identity is marginalised, you can feel dislocated and displaced, and believe that you do not belong to your culture or part of the dominant culture. Our search for who we are is fuelled by a need to find a place in the world where we feel we belong. •Time and the passage of time can have a significant impact on our notion of identity and from that – to whom and to where an individual might belong. •An individual’s fear of alienation can make them act or think in ways that are not true to their ideology. •Our individual identity is greatly constructed by how others perceive us. •The community surrounding you impacts your opinion of selfhood, consequently moulding your identity. Experience We search for a place to belong, not realising that it is our perceptions and attitudes, not the place, that ultimately allows us to feel a sense of belonging. •Personal experiences shape our beliefs and values and hence contribute to their sense of self and ultimately where they belong. •Experiences can have both positive and negative effects on individuals depending on the extent and power of the knowledge gained. •The way we view and assess the experiences of life can change overtime and thus impact how we establish the present and future. Place/Landscape • Strong conclusion: Strong relationships nourish belonging, whilst damaged relationships may be detrimental to the experience of belonging” It is evident that both composers represent this interpretation, but in varying ways – while Romulus focuses more on so how relationships – and barriers to these – can hinder belonging, “other related text” focuses much more on the……. and how these flourish and nourish one’s sense of belonging/ Although different, both composers effectively present their interpretation of relationships, and how these can either nourish or hinder one’s sense of belonging. OR

In conclusion, both “” and “” show the various ways in which relationships with people and surroundings can impact an individual’s experience of belonging. Degrees of empathy, understanding, prejudice and sexual attraction, as shown in the examples above, clearly help determine the nature and strength of some of the relationships within the respective texts, and the extent to which they can and do impact on an individual’s broader sense of belonging or exclusion. Romantic, professional and cultural affiliation with others and his surroundings are integral to Romulus’ efforts to belong in his new country, Australia.

Civic Engagement and Political Awareness in the Youth of America Change is inevitable and the popular one hit wonder, Video Killed the Radio Star, echoes a nostalgic desire to appreciate the past. The simple, yet meaningful verse, “we can’t rewind we’ve gone too far,” drives home the notion that the past is in the past, and one can only move forward. The song directly relates to technological changes in music at that time period.

The lyrics give the impression radio will be replaced by visually stimulating music videos; however, the future has proved that radio has not been replaced; music has merely been enhanced by the continuous change of technological advancements. Political scientist and professor, Robert Putnam illustrates in his book, Bowling Alone: America’s Declining Social Capital, how one of the primary culprits in the decline of political awareness and civic engagement is the new media, for example, the Internet. Further studies suggest this is not necessarily the case.

Video Killed the Radio Star mirrors the relentless argument of whether the mass media has hindered or assisted in political awareness and civic activity in adolescents and young adults. The radio made people famous, and even after music videos became popular, music was still streamed through a radio and continues to be used to this day. Studies have shown that civic engagement and political awareness has declined, at all age levels, and yet there is evidence that the mass media can have a positive effect on cultivating social capital, especially in the interest of young voters in America.

The issue at hand is not mass media, but how mass media can be used as a means to stay informed on community issues and how it can create a sense of community. In the article, America’s Youth and Community Engagement: How Use of Mass Media is Related to Civic Activity and Political Awareness in 14- to 22-Year-Olds, the authors begin by providing troubling evidence, “Voter turnout in congressional and presidential elections has dropped since 1960… Americans are less involved in political activities ranging from signing petitions to attending rallies” (Pasek, Kenski, Romer, and Jamieson 115).

Putnam compares the decline in civic engagement to the massive decline of bowling leagues; however, as bowling memberships are declining, the number of people bowling has increased. He explains the concept of a bonding capital and a bridging capital within the social capital as a whole. The theory of bonding and bridging can also be described in terms of strong ties and weak ties of networking.

Professors Homero Gil de Zuniga and Sebastian Valenzuela explored Putnam’s research further in their article, The Mediating Path to a Stronger Citizenship: Online and Offline Networks, Weak Ties and Civic Engagement, finding it inclusive that bridging, or associating with weak ties provide one with a greater networking base, and therefore more information and resources. Bridging and weak ties are when an individual socializes with people who are different from themselves. Bonding and strong ties are individuals who are linked to each other on varying levels of intimacy; for example, one’s inner circle of friends and family.

Putnam additionally points out that bonding and bridging strengthen each other. Because of the decline of bonding, there is a decline in bridging, which he links to the drop of organizational forms of capital due to the mass media. Like Putnam, authors Zuniga and Valenzuela agree that “larger networks foster civic participation so long as they provide access to weak ties,” yet they take into consideration that the internet is vast with diversity and is not “geographically bounded,” and therefore “argue that the online context should be more strongly associated with weak-tie communication than the offline context” (405).

According to Zuniga and Valenzuela, this connection shows that internet based networks and weak ties will be more effective than the relationship between personal, offline networking and weak ties. The authors mentioned earlier, Josh Pasek, Kate Kenski, Daniel Romer, and Kathleen Hall Jamieson conducted a telephone survey to assess “12 different uses of mass media as well as awareness of current national politics and time spent in civic activities” in respect to the youth and how mass media is related to political awareness and civic activity (115).

If the conclusion made by Zuniga and Valenzuela is accurate, then the new media will have a positive effect on the younger population’s role in developing social capital. Historically, when print media flourished, it served as a way to stay in touch with the community of readers with no face-to-face interaction and “made possible the development of the modern nation state” (117). Internet is just another mechanism to build social networks, in which interpersonal communication is absent, like the newspaper.

However, unlike the newspaper, internet provides individuals with an extensive opportunity to network with people who are not in their inner circle, thus weak ties are created. Furthermore, Pasek, Kenski, Romer, and Jamieson examine how some forms of media are more effective than others, and explain how media that solely exists to entertain adolescents and young adults can aid in promoting group activities with individuals that can share their experiences and develop a sense of community.

They are still experiencing social participation, even if the activity is not directly associated with civic activities. The authors evaluated the 12 different uses of mass media and assessed each media variable based on if it improved political awareness or civic engagement, or both. The researchers also included demographic predictors that would correspond with the study: age, race, gender, and socioeconomic status. It is apparent that adults would have a higher amount of political knowledge. “The average education level in our sample was 10. years of schooling… Of respondents, 78. 9 percent were currently students,” which would give them the edge since there are more opportunities to become involved in community service activities and clubs the schools have to offer. Some schools require community service to graduate. Socioeconomic status also plays a role in political awareness and civic engagement. This correlates directly to the fact that individuals who are wealthier have the resources and means to educate their children and are probably highly educated as well.

Race and gender is yet another factor in evaluating political knowledge and civic engagement, whereas “whites appear more politically aware than Blacks, Hipics, and other non-Whites… however, race has not been as strongly related in one direction or the other [in regards to civic engagement, and]… women, on average, belong to more associations and organizations than men but tend to exhibit less political knowledge” (123).

The results of How Use of Mass Media is Related to Civic Activity and Political Awareness in 14- to 22- Year-Olds, revealed that if media usage increased in frequency, it had a negative impact on political awareness and civic engagement, which is to be expected. Although reading remained positive, the results showed individuals took longer to develop a well-rounded political knowledge base if their reading increased. This is the cause of a decrease in active engagement with others. The authors could not predict if newspapers increased civic activity, however, it was evident that it increased political awareness.

Civic activity was strongly related to political awareness, and the findings also concluded that the Internet increased civic engagement, along with listening to news on the radio, following shows on television, and reading magazines. Not only were civic activities found to be directly related to political awareness, but the media had an overall positive effect on civic engagement and political knowledge. In his research, Putnam fails to assess new ways to approach civic engagement and political awareness, and instead looks to the old.

Relating civic engagement to the decline of bowling leagues seems futile to the reader, especially to a young adult. As society changes, activities change; people change. The youth of today are more interested in modern technology, which is why more candidates should reevaluate how they approach the younger generation in regards to the elections and make use of the Internet during elections. Because young voters are growing up in a time when technology is usually readily available to them, they look mostly to the web for political information.

Youth turnout for the 2004 elections showed “marked increases. ” Most likely prompted by the war in Iraq, intense efforts were made to ensure younger generations were actively engaged throughout the campaigns. New media tools were also used, with websites put up that focused on attracting the younger population to politics; “an estimated 28 percent of 18- 29-year-olds received most of their information about the campaigns via the Internet in 2004, making them the age group most reliant on new media for political information about the election” (Xenos and Bennett 444).

However, in the article The Disconnection in Online Politics, Michael Xenos and W. Lance Bennett stress the fact that although younger voters are participating online, they are less likely to visit a site that is sponsored by a specific party or electoral candidate. Unfortunately, politicians are very slow when adapting to the modern world of technology, and do not make use of the web to attract young voters. On sites like Rock the Vote, they give young voters access to interactive features, and yet links to websites with related political information and resources are not easily accessible.

Young voters only attain a morsel of information from youth engagement websites. Between 2002 and 2004, Xenos and Bennett conducted an extensive analysis of political sites that focused on youth involvement, as well as electoral sites, and they found the “overall pattern is one of overlap” (456). The candidates’ websites were not designed to attract young voters. They merely addressed the same issues on their sites as seen on the youth sites; however, on the electoral sites they clearly were not reaching out to the younger population of voters.

Professional consultants correlate politicians’ indifference to youth voters because senior citizens have a higher voting rate. Xenos and Bennett express their disappointment, “younger voters who ignore politicians largely do so because politicians largely ignore them” (457). It is ironic because voters are less involved in politics due to politicians’ lack of interest in their appeals, and politicians show disregard for the youth because of their low voting turnout and vice versa.

If politicians, our leaders, are putting the youth aside, who is going to devote the time to inform the younger generation of the importance on civic activities and political awareness? In correlation with the decline of adult involvement in social participation and volunteering, people simply do not have the time or energy to devote to their own needs, let alone join a civic organization. In today’s society, both parents work to make ends meet.

There are usually a higher percentage of female volunteers to male volunteers, but now that women are taking on raising children, housework, and working an additional 15 hours per week than men, the idea of becoming involved in community activities is overwhelming. The economy is in a stale state, and since the 1970s, the percentage of single mothers has increased dramatically (Freedman 246). Children are being isolated more often than not, which can also result in the disregard for community and civic engagement.

Mentoring programs are unreliable, and many adolescents and young adults are left in the dark without an adult role model: “In his essay “Building Community, John Gardner [Miriam and Peter Haas Centennial Professor at Stanford Business School] offers both consolation and wisdom about the historical process of community erosion and renewal… “disintegration of human communities is as old as human history”… “We can’t know all the forms community will take, but we know the values and the kinds of supporting structures we want to preserve. We are a community building species.

We might become remarkably ingenious at creating new forms of community for a swiftly changing world. ”” (Freedman 248) Robert Putnam insists on looking to the old, and if he must, he should look at the potential of civic renewal in the volunteering of senior citizens. Over the past thirty years, the population of Americans over the age of 65 has doubled and will continue to increase. Marc Freedman, the author of the article, Towards Civic Renewal, Journal of Gerontological Social Work, expresses his faith in the nation’s retirees to change the deterioration of volunteerism in the U.

S. , where children are in need of the most help. If children at an earlier age gained better insight into what it means to have a sense of community and belonging, they would have a better awareness of civic engagement and a broader knowledge base of politics on the state, local, and national level. Senior citizens also have the time, and there is evidence that implies older adults are looking to stay active in their communities; “As one recent U. S Administration on Aging-sponsored survey reveals, a full 37. percent of older Americans say they would volunteer if asked, while an additional 25. 6 percent already volunteering indicate that they would like to devote more time to service,” and they prefer to work with the younger generation (Freedman 249). Not only will it help the children, but it will also help the senior citizens. 55 percent of seniors feel a sense of uselessness when they retire… a 25-yr National Institute of Mental Health study finds, for example, that “highly organized activity is the single strongest predictor, other than not smoking, of longevity and vitality” (Freedman 250).

The local and federal government is known for lost proposals. Perhaps some of them would have been successfully planned out and put into action if accepted, and Freedman makes the idea of senior involvement seem feasible. Freedman provides the reader with examples of effective programs in community involvement created by the older population; one example is a “union-sponsored initiative that helps nonviolent juvenile offenders find and keep blue-collar jobs. Freedman goes onto explain to doubtful readers that are thinking, where is this money going to come from? America’s budget is steadily falling into a rabbit hole, and yet the author is confident in the “”talent, experience and commitment” of older adults,” and their ability to organize well and get tasks completed quickly and effectively (252). Civic engagement and political awareness is declining because of the absence of an inspiring role model in the youth of today, and this program shows romise of creating a healthier sense of community for the older and the younger generations. Reiterating authors’, Homero Gil de Zuniga and SebastianValenzuela’s earlier consensus, the decline in civic engagement is not the consequence of the mass media and modern age of technology. The importance of weak ties through the Internet is actually seen through the web of networking that people from all over the world create, which ignites a stronger relationship in civic participation than networking face-to-face with weak ties.

This finding was reinforced by the study on various media uses in the article; How Use of Mass Media is Related to Civic Activity and Political Awareness in 14- to 22- Year-Olds, where the end result is conclusive with Zuniga and Valenzuela’s evidence. The media can enhance civic engagement and political awareness if used sparingly and in the right context. “The mind is a double edged sword. It has immense power and it is capable of accomplishing both useful and destructive feats. ” (Atharva Veda http://thinkexist. com/quotes/atharva_veda/). It is not the media that is destructive.

The minds of the populace are ignoring the real issue at hand. The mind could be used more effectively in developing new ideas to encourage civic engagement and political awareness in the younger population. The media actually promotes civic participation and therefore is directly related to political awareness; overall the media has a positive effect on social capital. It is the communities’ job to instill these values on the children so they can grow into informed adults and have their own opinions and ideas, passing those values onto their children and so on.

Bibliography Freedom, Mark. “Towards Civic Renewal. ” Journal of Gerontological Social Work 28. 3 (1997): 243-63. EBSCOhost. The Haworth Press, Inc. , 11 Oct. 2008. Web. 1 Oct. 2011. <http://www. tandfonline. com/doi/abs/10. 1300/J083v28n03_08>. Pasek, Josh, Kate Kenski, Daniel Romer, and Kathleen H. Jamieson. “America’s Youth andCommunity Engagement: How Use of Mass Media Is Related to Civic Activity andPolitical Awareness in 14- to 22-Year-Olds | DeepDyve. ” DeepDyve – Millions ofArticles At Your Fingertips. Sage, 27