Design

11/23/2012 Writing Design | Aaron Jeffries| K0059524| How emotional design has changed in the automotive industry? | Contents Introduction3 Emotional Design3 Model T3 Timeline Design – 1911 – 19604 E-Type Jaguar5 1960’s Cadillac 60 Special6 Timeline Design – 1960 – 20006 The Experience7 Timeline Design – 2000 – Current Date7 Global Warming9 Hybrid Cars9 Future Design – Concepts10 Conclusion11 References12 Introduction If you looked at the world of motoring today, then you would think of status.

Cars are now seen as a necessity and are used to ‘show off’ and display what type of person you are, your job, how much money you earn and your prospects. Emotional design has changed over the years from making you feel like the worlds at your doorstep to showing you care about the environment. The purpose of this dissertation is to research and show how these changes have taken place. Emotional Design Emotional design is a way that a designer makes people feel about themselves when using and interacting with a product.

Emotional design plays a big part in designing as it defines how a product is used. As Donald Norman says, if a product is aesthetically pleasing, its functionality increases. ‘Emotions have a crucial role in the human ability to understand the world, and how they learn new things. For example: aesthetically pleasing objects appear to the user to be more effective, by virtue of their sensual appeal. This is due to the affinity the user feels for an object that appeals to them, due to the formation of an emotional connection with the object. ’ Model T

The ‘Ford Model T’ was the first ever mass produced car on moving assembly lines with completely interchangeable parts, from September 1908 until October 1927. This car was considered to be the first affordable vehicle marketed to the middle class. During the time of production 15 million Model T’s left the factory and into the public making it the first revolutionizing car in the history of automobiles. Mr. Henry Ford -“I will build a car for the great multitude. It will be large enough for the family, but small enough for the individual to run and care for.

It will be constructed of the best materials, by the best men to be hired, after the simplest designs that modern engineering can devise. But it will be so low in price that no man making a good salary will be unable to own one – and enjoy with his family the blessing of hours of pleasure in God’s great open spaces. ” Although the Model T had a huge 2. 9L, 4 Cylinder engine, which only produced 20bhp giving it a top speed of around 43mph. With is 2 speed gearbox and roomy interior it was a great car for families and for everyday commuting, as Henry Ford intended his design to be.

Its curb weight being at 540KG it was pretty light compared to modern cars of the same size. Technology was at a minimum in the Model T making it not very safe in terms of today, but back when the T was designed people had respect for the road and crashes were not as often as now thus no need for safety technology. In 1915 the use of electric headlights were introduced to the Model T. The magneto, the main source of power, was upgraded to supply the headlights and a horn with power. Timeline Design – 1911 – 1960 The first introduction to car luxury was in 1911, the electric starter motor.

Mr. Charles Kettering, a worker for Cadillac, created the electric ignition and starter motor making cars able to start themselves from the cockpit making the users experience easier as you could immediately start your car as soon as you are seated. The next introduction to modern luxury in 1926 is the first hydraulic power steering system. Francis Wright Davis uses a Pierce-Arrow to develop the technology. It works by integrating the steering linkage with a hydraulic system. This makes it a lot easier to steer a car than before.

This makes the driving experience a lot more enjoyable as you do not have to use a lot of force to move the steering wheel. Again this is another move towards the more emotional designed vehicles as driving a car becomes more of a luxury task In the 1930s, plastic surgeon Claire. L Straith and physician C. J. Strickland advocated the use of seat belts and padded dashboards. Strickland founded the Automobile Safety League of America for auto mobiles. In 1931 Mercedes-Benz introduced the first modern independent front suspension system. This gave cars a smoother ride and better handling.

By making each front wheel virtually independent of the other though attachment to a single axle, independent front suspension minimizes the transfer of road shock from one wheel to the other. This is one huge step forward in the world of motoring as it makes the ride of the vehicle smoother giving a better experience but this can still be classed as a design for function more than a design for aesthetics. 1935 the first flashing indicator signals were used on cars. The signals use a thermal interrupter switch to create the flashing signals.

These transistor circuits began taking over thermal interrupters in the 1960s. This is a great invention to let other vehicles know which direction traffic is heading helping the user to have a safer journey. In 1936, the Hudson Terraplane came with the first back-up brake system. Should the hydraulic breaks fail, the brake pedal would activate a set of mechanical brakes for the back wheels. This was quite a good feature and helped auto mobiles along with safety developments. Cruise control was developed in the 1950’s by Ralph Teeter.

A blind man that sensed by ear the cars on the Pennsylvania Turnpike travel at uneven speeds which he believed to be the main cause in traffic accidents. Cruise control is a mechanism that helps the driver to set the car at a steady pace. Although cruise control was seen as unpopular in the 50’s, it is a feature that you can see in up to 70 percent of vehicles now. This feature can be seen as both a safety feature and an aesthetic feature depending on its user. Although the design was meant to be used as a safety feature, people use this again as a better drive rather than a safer drive.

In the 1960’s, car sales had almost tripled since the Ford Model T and more companies were mass producing cars more than ever before. Cars were now at a level of safety and technology which was considered enough to start designing for more beautiful, exotic cars for consumers to show their status. As you can see from my research design from the 1910’s till the 1960’s is around 85 percent for safety and functionality rather than designing for aesthetics. As the E-Type Jaguar rolled out the factory, I believe that design changed from this famous landmark. E-Type Jaguar

The E-Type Jaguar is considered to be the most beautiful designed car ever built. This car is one of the most iconic, aesthetically designed cars to be mass produced. Head designer, Malcolm Sayer designed this vehicle as a rear wheel drive grand tourer in a two seater coupe form and as a two seater convertible. Several years later a four seater version of the coupe was released. Mr. Enzo Ferrari – “This is the most beautiful car ever made” The E-Type came in 3 different version, Series I, II, and III. The series one arrived at 1961 with a triple SU Carburettor 3. 8L 6-Cylinder Jaguar XK6 engine from the XK150S producing 300bhp.

This was an incredible landmark to make a car that could do 0-60mph in 7. 1 seconds. ‘All E-Types featured independent coil spring rear suspension with torsion bar front ends, and four wheel disc brakes, in-board at the rear, all were power-assisted. Jaguar was one of the first vehicle manufacturers to equip cars with disc brakes as standard from the XK150 in 1958. The Series 1 can be recognized by glass-covered headlights (up to 1967), small “mouth” opening at the front, signal lights and tail-lights above bumpers and exhaust tips under the number plate in the rear. ‘

All of these features can be classed as being the type that can be shown off as the development of technology for needs has gone and the development of improved performance was introduced. Another clue to the E-Type Jaguar being an item to show off is the price range and customer market. The Series 1 was priced in-between ? 5,380 – ? 5,900. ‘3. 8-litre cars have leather-upholstered bucket seats, an aluminium-trimmed centre instrument panel and console (changed to vinyl and leather in 1963), and a Moss four-speed gearbox that lacks synchromesh for first gear (“Moss box”). ‘

These are all features that are designed for its look. The E-Types interior was very sophisticated and classy for its time. No other manufactures could offer this quality at these prices. Compared to the main competitors such as Ferrari and Lotus, Jaguars E-Type was 30% cheaper. There are questions to be asked of why it is this shape? Is it because of the sporty aerodynamics? Or was the design created so that it looked sporty and different to any other vehicle that was available on the market? This answer would define weather this car is or isn’t the start of designing based on aesthetics.

The E-Type Jaguar in my opinion was the start of designing for looks, performance and price. This was the start of the development of cars with the ‘next best’ features. A competition between companies to make the newest, popular car. 1960’s Cadillac 60 Special The 1960’s Cadillac was America’s version of the E-Type Jaguar, a next level classy car that was seen as a status icon. With its smooth lines and its famous ‘zap! ’ rear fins, it was one of the most recognizable 1960’s cars around. The car came with a 6. 4L which produced a whopping 325bhp.

This car seen the newest technology on the car market such as the option extra -Air suspension, utilizing freon-filled shock absorbers. Power steering and hydraulic brakes came standard on this model. The exterior designing of this model was one of the most thought filled design to date. Its thin chrome trim that runs from front bumper to rear and back around again made the car stand out. Other Cadillac’s also featured the stylish chrome which set Cadillac apart from its competition. The rear fins also set the design apart from the rest of the competition. The fins were inspired from an air fighter jet.

The price of the Cadillac was just over $5000 which was higher than ever for a Cadillac but was still in the price range of the middle to higher class of people. Overall the Cadillac 60 was one of the most aesthetically pleasing cars of the time and became famous for it. I believe that this shaped the design of cars from America, as this Cadillac was seen as the icon for all Americans, if you owned a Cadillac you were the coolest guy around. Timeline Design – 1960 – 2000 During the 1960’s the government became aware of the emissions coming from cars and decided to introduce technology to reduce these emissions.

In 1963 a positive crankcase ventilation was introduced which reduced emissions by routing gasses back to the cylinder for more combustion. Further research and development was done until the 1970’s when catalytic converters were introduced. By the end of the century, emissions were reduced by 95 percent compared to that of in 1967. 1966’s era seen a fully developed electronic fuel injection system which delivers a carefully specified fuel and air mixture directly into the cylinders to keep the car’s engine running efficiently as possible.

With further developments two sensors were placed before and after the catalytic converter detecting how much oxygen is in the emission mix, to transfer data on how efficient the catalytic converter is working with the fuel and air mix and if there is the need to change the fuel and air mix to leaner or richer. In the 1970’s air bags changed from being an optional extra to becoming standard on all vehicles. Air bags were originally introduced only on the driver’s side but in the late 70’s they started to appear on the passenger side standard as well. 985 sees the ABS, Anti-locking Braking System, to be available on cars. Lincoln produced the first ever American car to offer this feature. The designer, Teves from Germany designed ABS to use a computer to detect each movement and hydraulic pressure from each wheel and adjusts the pressure so that the wheels continue to move rather than locking up during an emergency stop. This is defiantly a piece of technology to be seen as designed for safety. Cadillac in 1997 introduced the first automatic stability control system. This is used to increase safety in emergency handling situations.

This is yet again another design for more safety. The Experience In the beginning of designing cars, there was no designing for experience. As stated above, the ‘Ford Model T’ was designed purely for functionality to get from A to B. Later in the production years of the Model T, lots of different versions were designed such as the, two door coupe edition 1909-1912 and the C-cab wagon 1912. All designed still on functionality rather than aesthetics. As the years went by designers became more clever and inventive with automobiles safety such as the first repeating signal lights and the padded dashboards.

These modifications shaped the world of motoring that we see today as these features can still be seen today. As design continued over the years people wanted more and more features on their car as people want the best qualities they can get from a car they can get in their price range causing designers to put as much technology and features they can into their next designs. Such as car stereo systems, airbags, air conditioning and anti-locking braking system. Later years in the 80’s shown that depending on the customer the design would change immensely on how the user would see its pros and cons.

In these years there is little difference between designing for fun, safety, functionality and aesthetics. Some features of a car can match all of the types because of how it’s used. Different owners have different views on features, for example High Intensity Distribution (HID/Xenon) bulbs. Young adult’s use them for fun and for aesthetics to give a new look to a car with bright, blue bulbs. It looks sleek and gives an edge over a standard car. An older person age 30-50 would see them also as being an aesthetic feature but also used for functionality as they provide better lighting for roads.

The elderly aged 60+ would see them as being a hazard or for safety because of them being very bright for people driving the opposite way, or find them safe because of their daytime driving capability to be able to see during the day whilst driving. Another example of this is to have for example Anti-locking Braking System (ABS). This can be seen in different ways depending on its user. The user that owns a car with ABS when all his friends don’t, would tend to brag and show of the fact he has ABS rather than see it as a safety feature, he sees it as being a step ahead over his friends cars.

This shows that the experience has become more enjoyable for the users as they feel as if they have the best money can buy making the vehicle more appealing. Timeline Design – 2000 – Current Date A great advancement for the driving community was Automotive Navigation Systems. The earliest sign of this was in the 1970’s. The technology was developed for people to have instructions of travelling from A to B in the safest and fastest way. Extensive refinement was under taken to develop the technology as it was not ready for public release. In the late 1980’s the technology was finally released.

It had a colored screen display with digital maps for user to see whilst using. A dispute was taking place as to who released it first. A company called ETAK was the first to release a practical device which stored road information on cassette tapes. After development Global Navigation System was first seen in a car released in 1994. This version lacked in accuracy and was re-developed in 2000 which worked perfect using global positioning to give real time updates on maps. This technology in my opinion is the start of in-car technology that was a glimpse into the future. A design which shown what is to come with technology.

This was a huge breakthrough as no one had seen technology quite like it. The design was intended to be a functional design to give the effect of people feeling safe that if they do appear to get lost, an answer is there with you. It gives people a sense of bravery to explore the roads a lot more knowing that wherever you end up. There is always someone there to guide you home. High Intensity Discharge lamps were first developed for lighting large areas easily such as, gymnasiums, large public areas, warehouses, movie theaters, football stadiums, outdoor activity areas, roadways, parking lots, and pathways.

More recently, HID lamps have been used in small retail and even residential environments because of advances in reduced lumen bulbs. Ultra-High Performance (UHP) HID lamps are used in LCD or DLP projection TV sets or projection displays as well. Further development of the HID lead to the design of the car head lamp in 1991. HID bulbs give a new look to a vehicle. The bright, blue tint of the bulb gives a new, stylish look compared to a standard yellow, halogen bulb. Xenon headlamps were introduced as an option on the BMW 7-series in 1991. This first system used an unshielded, non-replaceable burner which later was completely replaced.

The first American-made effort at HID headlamps was on the 1996-98 Lincoln Mark VIII, which used reflector headlamps with an unmasked, integral-igniter burner made by Sylvania. ‘Studies have demonstrated drivers react faster and more accurately to roadway obstacles with good HID headlamps than halogen ones. ’ This shows that the design helps driver’s safety on vehicles. But as discussed above, depending on the user gives a whole new feel to the design. Again the feel of the design brings the user to feel as if their design is the best that money can buy as it looks better than other cars on the road.

In 2002, Toyota introduced the first version of the active night vision system, also known as Night View on the Lexus LX 470 and Land cruiser Cygnus. This uses the headlight projectors emitting infrared light, a CCD camera then captures that reflected radiation, this signal is then processed by computer which produces a black and white image which is projected on to the windshield. This design also give a sense of safety as in later cars it will detect pedestrians and warn you of what the camera has seen so you are aware of dangers on the road.

This can make the driver also feel at ease knowing that he/she can see a hazard before the human eye can. In 2004 a device called Intelligent Parking Assist System (IPAS), also known as the Advanced Parking Guidance System (APGS) was invented and introduced to the Toyota Prius Hybrid. This is a clever device that uses cameras and sensors to warn the driver of oncoming objects whilst parking. After upgrading and development, Version II was released and first seen in the Lexus LS luxury sedan in 2006. This included a system to help the driver as it would park itself. The user would pull up alongside a parking space.

The cameras and sensors would then detect whether the space was big enough for the car. The user would then input where they wanted to park the car and then the user could sit back whilst the car would park in that space if possible. There were several problems with this version as it had trouble detecting when hazards and objects came in the way of the vehicle such as, cats, humans and push chairs. Room for improvement was needed so another version, Version III, was released. Version III was released again in the newest version of the Toyota Prius and the Lexus LS in 2009.

This newest version had a new feature which detected how it would maneuver the wheels to fit the car into a parking space without hitting other traffic or oncoming traffic. Adaptive High Beam Assist was first seen in 2009, released by Mercedes Benz on the E-Class. This is a device used to automatically adjust the head light so the beam just reaches other vehicles ahead, thus always ensuring maximum possible seeing range without glaring other road users. This is a great invention as it helps the driver’s visibility without putting other drivers in danger.

This makes the driver feel at ease by not putting any other drivers in danger. Global Warming Global warming played a huge part in the early 2000’s on how people viewed the world. With fossil fuels running low and fuel prices constantly rising, the public needed an answer to solve the opening ozone layer and the fact that sooner or later. There will be no fossil fuels left. Inventors then came up with the idea of renewable energy such as running cars on water, solar and battery power rather than petroleum. This was then implemented into cars such as the hybrid Toyota Prius.

This car showed the world that answer is there it just needed more time to advance before the first fully electric driven car was produced. After a few years the government came up with the idea of the scrapage scheme. This was where money was guaranteed for you old vehicle if you bought a new one. This scheme got thousands of people buying new cars which not only helped the total emissions but, helped the economy along as well. All seemed well but no one really looked under the covers of how glorious this scheme was to the world. The scrapage scheme in my eyes bullied people into buying new cars.

The full scheme forced people to feel guilty by not buying a new car and help save the world by reducing their carbon footprint. Therefore this scheme was emotionally designed to make people feel like they were doing well for the environment. Hybrid Cars In 2001 the Toyota Prius was brought to the market which changed people’s views on how cars will help then environment. A car that was run on battery and petrol was a great idea on several levels. The Prius helped with having little emissions, fuel costs, average mpg and car life expectancy.

In my opinion it was a step forward but the Prius was not just designed for helping the environment. It had ‘different’ features which the public had never seen before giving the owners bragging rights. Such as the dashboard features giving you feedback on your emissions and where energy is coming from. If you’re doing well for the environment you get a blue glow over your dashboard, or oppositely you get a glow of red sensing you’re not doing very well for the environment. Thus in a way encouraging you to drive in the way Prius designers want you to drive.

This therefore changes the way I see how designers make cars as instead of using the features to their advantages and enjoying your driving experience, you are forced to drive in the way that the designer intended the vehicle to be driven. This then takes away all emotional design of the vehicle. Yes you would get the sense of achievement when the dashboard is blue but the way for example the jaguar E-Type made people feel special, made people feel as if they were in a different league. The Toyota Prius takes away these emotions and makes the user feel like a good person rather than feeling above the world.

Future Design – Concepts In the Volvo V40 an airbag has been designed to protect pedestrians in the event of a crash. This technology works by detecting when the front bumper has come in collision with human shaped legs and will deploy an airbag from the top of the bonnet. The airbag covers the shuttle panel and the two pillars on either side of the windscreen. This therefore covers all harder metal parts of the front of the car that could potentially cause a fatality in the event of a crash. This technology will be introduced in 2013 and will come standard in the V40.

This could be the future of design, now that safety inside the cockpit is at an all time high with, seatbelt airbags, curtain airbags and more. Pedestrian safety now could be the future of safety design. In 2013 Cadillac will release their newest technology which is a vibrating driver’s seat. Although it sounds to be a relaxing feature, the vibrations are a way to receive tactile feedback to help keep drivers safe. Say for example a driver falls asleep on the motorway travelling at high speeds. The car starts to veer off to the nearest lane.

The seat will vibrate giving them feedback to say the car is going over the line which would then wake the driver up making the driver safe again. This is a clever design giving the driver a safer feel knowing that in case of emergency, they will be safe. In this circumstance this can be seen as a bad thing if the technology is giving to the wrong person. If a driver is tired they now have an excuse to drive as the technology will wake them up if worst comes to worst. Therefore the driver will be taking advantage of the technology by using not as it was intended.

Conclusion In conclusion my research has shown that the world has changed over a hundred years. Going through designing for safety features, then for novelty, for functionality, then the experience. So overall you can see that over the years designers have changed their ways from functionality to the experience. Emotional design is not what it used to be. Emotional design 70 years ago was based around how the user feels when using the product, now emotional design is used to make people feel as if they need new features in a car such as, Remote Central Locking.

Remote Central Locking in the 1980’s was an optional extra but now people feel as though it is a must have. Emotional design has changed from the meaning it originally had 100 years ago, from design that made the consumer literally feel certain personal emotions such as happiness, succession or power to the designers now using it to inspire consumers to purchase cars based on social conformity, guilt or what can be viewed as ‘brain washing’ through broad marketing techniques. The switches in focus between designs that have revolutionized the car over many years are undeniable.

What a consumer would feel for the brilliant Model T is not what they would seek when purchasing a modern car today. Some blame emotional designs part in play for this change in society, others may praise it. When using emotional design today designers don’t take as much consideration as in previous years to the consumers personal interpretation they can simply make the consumer feel and seek what their design is meant to offer, changing the entire market to conform to them rather as previously a designer had to design for their intended market.

To simplify emotional design is not molded around the consumer anymore but instead around what a consumer should look for when purchasing the product itself. This then leads to the question of what designers will come up with next. Is the world of designers going to come up with another way to make people safer whilst driving a car? In my opinion very unlikely as there is so many safety features now that you couldn’t be safer. Are designers going to design for functionality?

Also very unlikely in my opinion as driving a car couldn’t be easier, no need to park yourself, pretty soon no need to drive yourself. Through the last years forced design has been implemented to make people feel as if they need to buy an electric car. If you don’t buy one you are made out to be a bad person. Will emotional design not be used to make a product better for a ‘buyer’ but for the designer to have a control over how society sees a person? References Top 10 Cars That Changed the World, http://www. shortlist. com/shortlists/10-cars-that-changed-the-world

Maribeth Keitz. Greatest Achievements, (2012) http://www. greatachievements. org/? id=3880 C. C Weiss. Vibrating Safety, (28, Mar. , 2012) http://www. gizmag. com/gm-launches-vibrating-seats/21964/ Automobile Safety, http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Automobile_safety Ford Model T, http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Ford_Model_T Olivia Solon, Volvo’s V40 car features airbag for pedestrians, (12, mar. , 2012) http://www. wired. co. uk/news/archive/2012-03/12/volvo-airbags-pedestrians Donald Norman (2005). Emotional Design: Why we love (or hate) everyday things. London: Basic Books

“Great things are not done by impulse, but a series of small things brought together. “? Vincent Van Gogh April Greiman is by far one of the most influential female artists in the history of Design. She was born in New York in 1948 and was raised in a very family oriented environment, her creativity was greatly influenced by her mother, father and aunt who shared a passion for art, music and encouraged her to be an independent, curious, adventurous woman.

After acknowledging her great interest in art, she applied to several art schools and was accepted into the Kansas City Art Institute where she received a BFA in Graphic Design. Later on, with the influence of the principles of Modernism and exploration of technology, she continued her education by enrolling in a graduate program at the Basel School of Design in Switzerland. The experience and skills she gained from her educational background allowed her to explore the aesthetics of a computerized world, the art of digital design and visual communication.

Around the mid-1970s, Greiman decided to explore a different environment from New York and moved to Los Angeles, California where she started her own design business known as “Made in Space, Inc. ”. Greiman is recognized as a pioneer in computerized design, her style is based on the exploration of words, images and the usage of color in space by combining art with modern technology. She was highly inspired by the landscape of the Death Valley; A landscape that continues to inspire her work and change the way she analyzes dimensions, objects and color.

Her style is often seen as American Postmodernism with an influence of Swiss design coming from her educational background. Because of her work and style, April Greiman has been recognized for her potential in utilizing computers as an innovative medium to transform the art world. Around 1980s, Greiman took a risk and decided to support and explore the initiative proposed by Macintosh of using computer design. This new genre in art quickly confirmed Greiman’s position as the pioneer of visual communication and design.

Her eagerness to learn and explore this new medium is what has gotten her the respect and appreciation for her work. Her ability to engage the audience and embrace spaces by providing a floating effect to her work, combining architecture and typographic forms allowed her to become one of the most prominent icons in the design world. In 1982, April Greiman was selected head of the design department at the California Institute of the Arts. Throughout her time in CalArts, she focused on her role as an educator and the importance of transforming design.

Greiman was able to take advantage of the state of the art equipment that was provided by the institution and began to combine video and media images in her work. Her input in this field and her accomplishments successfully gave her the opportunity to make this department more focused in a variety of ideas other than design renaming this field as visual communication. The popularity and recognition April Greiman gained over the years is mostly because of of her creativity, experience working with graphics and implementation of visual communication with the use of technological devices.

As an Artist and educator, she has been able to work in a number of posters and websites for her clientele, she is the author of several design books including Hybrid Imagery: The Fusion of Technology and Graphic Design and Something from Nothing. She is such a great inspiration for young artists and designers that her work has been exhibited in important institutions such as the Museum of Modern Art, the Walker Art Center, the School of Visual Arts, the Pasadena Museum of California Art,among others.

In addition, Greiman has been awarded numerous honors that include: the American Institute of Graphic Arts’Gold Medal, a Chrysler Design Award and also Hallmark Corporation’s Hall Chair Fellowship. Greiman is well known for her work Does it make sense? a piece accepted by the Design Quarterly magazine from which she became the guest artist. This piece became a 3×6 poster that unfolded and was specifically done only in computer design. This piece contained the image of her nude self-portrait, containing various typographic effects and symbols throughout. This work completely pushed boundaries and forced artists to ethink the capacity for computers to make an impact in the art world and communication. In this sense, her work completely challenged the original and traditional notions of the magazine and of art by combining text with image, and expanding a new world of imagination and creativity for the upcoming generations following her steps. Hand holding a bowl of rice is an important addition to her work, it is a public art commission located in korea town, Los Angeles, CA. This piece was done in two walls of a building, the image is the screen shot of a video footage shot by Greiman, the image was later translated into oil paint.

This piece clearly encompasses her style in dimension, usage of color and placement of objects. The art work was made to honor rice as an important symbol of abundance in the Asian culture. “I see everything as an object in space…when web design came into the realm of possibilities…I was already looking at it as spatial media” -AG In addition to the public art and other installations, Greiman is also known by her work with photography and her exhibition of Drive by Shooting strictly digital photography. This exhibition is made up of images that Greiman began to take over the years while driving her car.

The exploration of this aspect of photography sparked the importance of nature and detail, the interaction of the lens with the moving environment, the experimentation of light, form, texture, and the ability to manipulate and create a spatial astonishing experience through digital work. April Greiman’s work continues to expand with her collaboration with architects in the design of spaces. Miracle Manor a well known spa located in California, is the perfect representation of her creativity and exploration of the design principles.

After a long and successful career under her belt, Greiman continues her great vision of design with the interaction in a diversity of environments. As an important and well known designer, Greiman has the experience of working for important institutions such as the US Postal service, Aol/Time Warner in addition to Microsoft. The support and respect from such important companies and her development as a successful and more knowledgeable artist is what keeps her passion for design strong and strengthens her position as a pioneer in the graphic design world.

How Starbucks store design affect its consumer behavior in China. Starbucks Corporation is an American global coffee company, coffeehouse chain stores that adapt Italian-style coffeehouse. It is the largest multinational chain of coffee shops with 20,366 stores in 61 countries, including 13,123 in the United States and 732 stores in China. The first Starbucks opened in Seattle, Washington, on March 30, 1971 by three partners: English teacher Jerry Baldwin, history teacher Zev Siegl, and writer Gordon Bowker.

The three were inspired by coffee roasting entrepreneur Alfred Peet, whom they knew personally, to sell high-quality coffee beans and equipment The first Starbucks location outside North America opened in Tokyo in 1996. After that Starbucks entered the U. K market in 1998. And Finally in January 1999, Starbucks opened its first store in Mainland China at the China World Trade Building and continue spread its wing to Hong Kong in May 2000, and Macau in August 2002. Right now there are near 500 stores in China, including Mainland China, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau.

In the Mainland—the region with the fastest growth, there are over 230 stores in 22 cities including Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen. Within a period of time, Starbucks has successfully established itself as the premium coffee leader in China with great brand recognition and high customer satisfaction. In this paper, our group will focus on how Starbucks store design influence its consumer behaviour in China. In order to achieve our goal, first, we will focus on how Starbucks consumer behaviour in China and compare it with other countries such as U. S. A.

And then we will compare Starbucks in China store concept design and how it affect the consumer behaviour in China and then compare it with KFC store design.

STARBUCKS IN CHINA

Asia, particularly China, is well known for its love of tea. Yet Starbucks so excited about the market in China. The stores are full of people most of the time. But it is clearly a tea drinking society. It would be a much longer education process. With an overall population of around 1. 3 billion, rising incomes, & increasing in global attitude are viewed very promising for companies around the world. However, coffee market in China is still far behind the hype. 0 percent growth in coffee sales for past 5 years, per capita consumption 1kg per person, while 4kg in US. Tea is still number one beverage in China. Comparing China with Japan, Japan also well known for a tea nation, but Japanese also love to drink coffee. Coffee marketers still find difficulties in transforming tea drinking nation to coffee drinking nation, because Chinese people believe that tea have medicinal qualities that coffee doesn’t have. With China growing economy and middle class is increasing in size. Middle & upper class, which are the consumer of Starbucks, tend to be located in major city (GZ, BJ, & SH).

Coffee for younger, wealthier, professional Chinese is seen as enjoy eating out, associated with western lifestyles, associate Starbucks with wealth and status, enjoy sweet tasting foods and beverages, particularly desserts. There are some competitors such as McCafe, etc. However, instant coffee is the major player. Because the Chinese not yet appreciate the taste of coffee and also cannot taste the difference between each types. Inexpensive mixes, such as Nescafe holds nearly half the market share.

STARBUCKS IN USA

Basically, America is a coffee drinking nation.

They are used to drink coffee in the morning before go to work. Americans always look for coffee during the break time, or in meeting time. Before Starbucks era, coffee used to so cheap and simple, then Starbucks revolutionize it. The Starbucks culture has infiltrated almost every part of American society. They have created a new lifestyle for American people. The Starbucks stores don’t just sell coffee, they sell an atmosphere. An example is taken from the Starbucks in Times Square in New York City. It is very common to find several college student doing homework late at night around ten o’clock.

The late hours that most Starbucks stores have is great for business because customers know that there will always be a Starbucks open to sit down and have a cup of coffee. Some Starbucks are even open until midnight. The atmosphere is simply contagious. In US, couples of all ages stop by in Starbucks just to sit down and talk. During the winter, American really like to have a cup of coffee or even hot chocolate to warm up and to sit and chat. Yet Starbucks ran with the idea of the sit down atmosphere and not only applied the concept to the winter time and hot coffee, but they expanded the idea to include every season during the year.

Now a large part of the Starbucks menu is “iced” or “cold” lattes and iced coffees. Moreover, following the interest of people in USA, Starbucks continues to expand and no competition pursuing it. They continue to play a huge role in society. In NYC, especially in Manhattan, you won’t walk by more than four blocks without seeing a Starbucks. The stores are everywhere and the mere sight of them makes you walk into them.

COMPARISON BETWEEN STARBUCKS IN USA AND CHINA

By their culture themselves, USA and China are different.

American use to drink coffee, on the other hand, China is a tea drinking nation. People in US see drinking coffee in Starbucks as a part of their life. They gather, do homework, do some business meeting, or even just enjoy a cup of coffee. In China you wouldn’t find that. Chinese people prefer to just get some Coco milk tea or Happy Lemon and take it with them while walking. In major cities in China, younger wealthier generation starts to follow the western culture. They start hanging around in Starbucks with their friend, but more into status show-off oriented.

The last point is the level of appreciation on coffee for each country. In America, they will spend a bunch amount of money only for drinking Starbucks coffee because they know that Starbucks is offering high coffee quality. On the other hand, in China, they still consider Nescafe (simple mix coffee) as their choice. So Starbucks should implement different strategy for each of the market. For Starbucks in USA, they should maintain their quality stability so the consumer would be loyal to them, while in China they have to continue their education about the art of drinking coffee.

Starbucks vs KFC As we all know Starbucks and KFC are MNC which already have many branches all over the world. In order to keep the standardization of their branches, they made some characteristic which is very fundamental for every branch to follow as the basic concept of their store. With these standardizations, it is easy for people to notice their store. Now, we are going to learn more about the standardizations which is created by Starbucks and KFC and also their differences. KFC is very famous fast food restaurant in all over the world.

We could find KFC in a lot of countries and also if we notice, all of the KFC stores have same design both exterior and interior. Red and White store colour is their trademark in all over the world. KFC also set their store ambience for family dine in. Coffee; it is the first thing that will come to our mind if we heard the name of Starbucks. As KFC, Starbucks also do some standardization on their branches design which one of them is the brown and green colour. They also use the coffee scent to attract their customers.

However, in some of Starbucks branches, you can see different store design. Starbucks sometimes try to adapt with the local culture like for example Starbucks in Qian Men. Starbucks Qian Men is using classic Chinese Store design as their main theme, but still keep the green and brown concept of Starbucks. Image 1: Starbucks in Qian Men on the top floor. Image 2: Starbucks in Qian Men from outside. Image 4: KFC store in China Image 3: Interior of Starbucks in Qian Men. We found that both KFC and Starbucks have some standard that they have in all of their store design.

However, the difference between KFC and Starbucks is that KFC keeps some the major characteristic of their store with only minor changes while on the other hand, Starbucks sometimes do a little bit of modification on some branches. According to www. starbucks. com Starbucks are using “design sandboxes” concept as their main concept. Concept stores are unique environments created by our designers to explore innovations within the coffeehouse. That sense of exploration is extended to everyone who visits, through daily coffee and tea cups, artistic events and community gatherings.

However, Starbucks sometimes take a bold step to take it to another level. They bravely made major changes in some of their store to adapting to the local market and local culture but yet still maintaining their main concept which is sandbox concept. The Conclusion After comparing Starbucks in China and U. S. A, we can conclude that Starbucks consumer in China, whose mainly are mainly rising upper-middle class “modern Chinese”, white collar workers and college students, consider Starbucks not as a mere coffee shop.

In China, Starbucks image has been upgraded from just a mere coffee-shop to a “modern” way of living, in comparison to Starbucks in U. S. A. In most cases, Chinese people’ motivation to purchase Starbucks is not because they are a coffee-drinking society but more into status show-off oriented. From store design and atmosphere point of view, Starbucks in China is trying to implement sense of chill and relax to make people like to stay for longer time; in which, you can’t find in any KFC branches.

Draft: Investigating The usage of inclusive design in public topographic points and architecture

Purpose

The chief purpose of the check, is to briefly investigate and explicate methods used in order to make an across-the-board enviourment in architecture, for people with assorted types of disablements. Assorted subjects, which will reason to the concluding solution, will be the history, standard methods used for Barrier-free design and instances surveies demoing assorted s methods being implanted to make such an inclusive and non-stereotypical enviourment.

Definition of Inclusive Design.

Inclusive Design which can be besides known as Design-for-all, Lifep design, Barrier Free Design and Human-Centered Design is a motion aimed in making merchandises, enviourments and communications.which are functional and safe. Inclusive design is largely aimed to make a non discrimitive and stereotyped enviourment which suits the demand to accommodate to all types of users chiefly disabled, without the demand of add-on aid. this helps to make a autonomous society. ( EBDFID p135 ) . Harmonizing to the Book “Universal Design Creating an Inclusive Work” , Inclusive design should non know apart faith beliefs, category, gender, sexual orientation and most significantly disablement, barrier free design believes in a word were everyone is treated indifferently and with the same human rights. ( UD pg 15 )

“Universal design is the design of merchandises and environments to be useable by all people, to the greatest extent possible, without the demand for version or specialized design.”

–Ron Mace 1988

In order for something to be considered as an Inclusive Design, it should incorporate the undermentioned Principles.

1. Equitable Use ( giving off equal chances to all users regardless their abilities )
2. Flexibility in Use ( Can be modified to the users need )
3. Simple and Intuitive Use ( It is easy to utilize whilst communication, it’s map )
4. Perceptible Information ( communicates information efficaciously )
5. Tolerance for Error ( Provides communicative warnings when being used )
6. Low Physical Effort ( no demand of extra strength and attempt through the usage of the infinite )
7. Size and Space for attack and Use ( appropriate infinite is given to suit wheel chair users and assorted organic structure types etc )

( UD pg 72 )

History

The universe Universal design was developed by Ronald, L. Mace about 20 old ages ago, who wrote the book “Universal Design, in Designers West”in 1985. Ronald, L.Mace was besides the laminitis of the Center for Universal Design.

Throughout the old ages assorted Torahs, ordinances and criterions have been developed, all these helped with the development of making barrier free design. ( universaldesign.ie, 2013 ) Such Torahs came approximately as assorted injured war veterans. where seeing the importance of rehabilitation and more handiness, before all this people with disablement were concled and in no manner integrated into society as there were particular establishments for them, so people can take attention of them. ( NCSU ) . Harmonizing to Oliver Heiss.one can see that the first type of inclusive design in architecture can be seen in infirmaries which catered for the well-being of injured veterans ( B-FD p10 )

The Civil Rights Movement of 1960, was one of the first inclusive Torahs, although this was non based on making an equal enviourment for the handicapped.It was radical as it helped make equal chances and stopped stereotyped racialist remarks against African Americans ( jfklibary,2014 ) . In 1961 the first disablement criterions were created being the American National Standards Institute ‘s ( ANSI ) 117. These Torahs which helped to make to make The Disability Rights Movements and statute laws of 1970’s,1980’s, 1990’s and 2000’s the Torahs were largely applied in the Unitied States and helped in the creative activity of a modern and functional design.As one can see, from the history discussed in the book Barrier-Free Design it shows that the development of human rights for disablement in Europe was much more set back, and took longer to develop even though these 2 continents had the same types of jobs. ( B-FD P9 ) .

In 1988 The Fair Housing Amendment was invoked as a solution in order to avoid favoritism in flats for people with physical disablement, the act was based on making an accessible system, by including lifts, inclines.etc. This was the first jurisprudence, which delt with the betterment of the architectural construction ( HUD.gov 2007 ) .During this clip Lewis Mumford, an designer critic besides helped to advance Social architecture. In 1990 The first American with Disability Act which was based on some Torahs, found in the Civil Rights Act of `1964 was aimed so that designers could hold guildles in making public topographic points, which provide a service or employment indistinguishable. Opportunities, sing their different abilities due to a disablement. ( D: MBA P30 )

When implemented right, design for handiness allows people to be where they need to be independently, expeditiously and with self-respect, and in making so liberate their ain and others’ clip resource.

Harmonizing to the World Health Organisation a “disability” is the job of holding a trouble which creates restrictions and limitations in a twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours activities. The types of disablements encountered can be one of the following

1. Motoric damages which can be recognised by low musculus control, strength and paralysation ( non being able to command your organic structure good )
2. Mental damages
3. A Centripetal Impairment is the deficiency of one of the 5 senses being vision, hearing, gustatory sensation and odor.
4. Cognitive damages being jobs with larning mental maps such as address, retrieving etc

( B-FD p9 )

Inclusive design in public topographic points is non merely the architectural construction of a topographic point new engineerings are besides being applied in order to assist certain disablements the American Disability Act covers assorted subjects which besides including “Fire-Protection without Barriers” , and ” Housing for the” . All these have assorted versions to the criterion regulations used as they contain different mark users as explained by Oliver Heiss a edifice should be adapted to its demands and users. One can happen that most regulations and the best explains are those used in Public Spaces such as Offices, working infinites, museums and schools this is as the American Disability Act suggests such topographic points should be welcoming to all users as possible without know aparting those supplying a service and those traveling for a service. ( B-FD )

Unfortunitly many designers still invision inclusive design largely for people with mobility impaments this can be seen through illustrations of the Millenium Park in the US which does non cointain characteristics which re suited for all types of imparmnts even thouh it is inclusive for eople whicjh have mobility issues.

Design

Design planning and impetation is an of import measure when coming to making new architectural edifices as suggested in most of RIBAs picture architectues normally create a adviser group of people with frogmans disablements who will utilize the infinite being created, these members help to do of import determinations of little inside informations which help make an enviourment which is non merely suited for an mean user but can accommodate to all type of demands.

Assorted instance surveies suggest different methods one can utilize to supply a suited enviourment for the user. A peculiar illustration which shows inclusive design to all type of users is the Fleet Library at the Rhode Island School of Design, The library was created to except the mark of a wheel chair user as every 2 cubicals are non the same each cubical has peculiar withs and highs to set to diffirent organic structure types and make a infinite where everyone can experience comfortable.An intresting fact is that book shelves are keept low so that everyone can make all the books in the shelfs and the infinite is left every bit unfastened as possible for people with mobility imparments. Ponce De Leon in an interview about the school besides says how this design was non something that was re adjusted to the assorted users but was aimed to be suited for all the diffirent users one finds in this library she argues the importance inclusive design is when larning architecture as most of the clip it is over looked.According to Robert Siege the topographic point has achived inclusive design besides due to the new engineering used throughout the country such as audio initiation cringles at the library chief desk which helps people with heairing imparment communicate an understand better the talker as a moving ridge is automaticly connected to his hearing assistance, besides the usage of natural lighting and good lighting helps persons with vision jobs to see clearly although the articles do ot province how the library is suited or helps persons with vision damage, but explains that assorted textures are used to make contrast of infinite which as RIBA suggestes in its serious of pictures can be used to assist visualy impared persons have a memorable user experience and demo way. The library makes cosmopolitan design unseeable whilst maintaining the topographic point safe and beautiful. ( Architizer, 2014 ) ( RIBA,2009 ) ( NPR,2010 )

Hazelwood School in the City of glazgow is designed for childs who suffer from 2 diiferent imparments ( double sensory ) , they choose to include inclusive design in a merriment and colorful manner in order to pass on the infinite from people of 2 to 20 old ages of age.The school has a big Windowss to let even distribution of visible radiation and usage childrens residuary vision. An intresting characteristic which the school is good known for is the alone trail wall made out of cork and assorted texture meaning the country their in this largely helps lead kids with vision jobs due to touch whilst learning them orientation accomplishments and motivates them to travel around which is of import for childs which have certain mobility issues this fact can besides be seen in serious of picture from Riba which spekes about the Eden Project and says the importance of touch and making textures for people to derive an expirence.

Colours is besides one of the chief characteristics used to demo fluctuation whitin infinites and besides the usage of curvetures and non habing crisp corners help kids non to acquire baffled

For kids who have cognitive issues pictograms are used to assist them garner information visually as they orientate throughout the school besides brail is used expeditiously through the infinite, one can detect that the pictograms used are simple images and have an effectual coloring material which create a contrast with the backround. Keith Bright in the book Disability: Making Buildings Accessible states the importance of this as we perceive 70-75 % of information through vision. ( D: MBA PG82 ) (

As suggested by the RIBA Award largely schools and old peoples places are being given particular attending to such item One intresting illustration which is based on a Public infinite in Sweeden is the “City Lounge” in St.Galllen.

The City Lounge in St.Gallen Sweeden is a peculiar public infinite undertaking created In 2005 which created something diffirent in concurrence to other undertakings one can notice hold achived assorted awards for inclusivity. Although the topographic point is largely known for its artistic qualities and museum like experience as described by the magazine St.Gallens – Lake Constance Inspirations ( Na ) This suggest that a infinite should besides hold a nice user expirence in order to pull users as besides stated in the book Universal Design ( United Nations )

The infinite making the metropolis sofa is made out of a soft gum elastic granulated flooring ( Wetpour gum elastic ) which is anti faux pas, non toxic and is considered hygienic and safe for kids. ( http: //advantagesports.com.au/rubber-flooring ) The infinite is communicated to the user with the usage of icons throughout the floor which insteantly communicate its significance. The infinite is suotable for people with mobility, sound and cognitive issues but is non every bit much inclusive for those enduring with vision imparment as the infinite can be confounding due to the seemless design where tectile flooring is non used to make way and infinite is non divided. The infinite is created to play with 1s senses as every sense is given importance.An component which can besides assist people with cognitive issues such as Autisim is the usage of such smooth forms which are besides used in establishments and infirmaries which have persons enduring from cognitive issues illustrations of topographic points utilizing similar technics are De Zeester an institute for kids with cognitive issues and the “New Strun Center for Autisim in Allo” where its chief designer Magda Mostafa where she besides uses soft ages throught a infinite to supply flow and extinguish misleadingnes. ( Archdaily2013 ) ( Architizer ) ( B-FD )

Civil Rights Movement – John F. Kennedy Presidential Library & A ; Museum. 2014. Civil Rights Movement – John F. Kennedy Presidential Library & A ; Museum. [ ONLINE ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.jfklibrary.org/JFK/JFK-in-History/Civil-Rights-Movement.aspx. [ Accessed 01 May 2014 ] .

Prototyping and brainstorming are the most important core skills of IDEO. The role of prototyping in phases I and II is central to IDEO’s design philosophy, more than their clients can imagine, and probably more than their competitors. Frequent prototyping serve as the most important way for IDEO to communicate with clients, marketers, experts, and end users.

Prototypes ensure everyone was imagining the same design during discussions about a product. All IDEO offices have shops staffed by highly skilled machinists to rapidly produce both simple and sophisticated prototypes. If prototyping was central to IDEO’s design process, brainstorming of phase 0 and I was central to its methodology. The two processes, actually, went hand in hand, with brainstorming sessions leading to rapid prototyping or vice versa. The goal was to quickly create a whirlwind of activity and ideas, with the most promising ideas developed into prototypes in just days.

The firm followed several principles of brainstorming: stay focused on the topic; encourage wild ideas; defer judgment to avoid interrupting the flow of ideas; build on the ideas of others; hold only one conversation at a time to ensure that introverts also got their say; go for quantity; and be visual, since sketching ideas would help people understand them. Figure2. IDEO’s Core Skills Organization IDEO employs over 300 staff and maintains design centers in many sites. Although all centers operate independently, seeking business locally, they exchange a high volume of e-mail and often share talent as needed.

Each center consists in small units by budding out smaller design studios whenever one appeared to grow too large. An individual can work on one large project as a principal or on as many as three to four projects as a contributor. IDEO is a flat organization to an extreme. All work is organized in project teams, which are formed for the life of a project and then disbanded. As a result there is no permanent job assignment or job title. The lack of hierarchy avoids the problem of promoting designers and engineers into administrative position and out of creating products. Figure3. IDEO’s Organization Concept Culture

The core value of IDEO is organization culture based on different principles: willing to accept the failure as one of innovation process, respect the members on a creativity basis and get learn from failures collecting them in box instead of throwing them into the trash box. This culture heritage motivates IDEO members to create the more business effective prototypes and ideas faster than other competitors. This culture also had an overall effect on IDEO’s management, organization and product development process. Management and organization of IDEO was built to reflect the cultural emphasis on the ideas and do not be avoid failures.

And product development process also was created on the cultural base of IDEO. Management Employees are encouraged to design their own workspace to reflect their own personality. Rolling doors can quickly seal offices for privacy. Staffers keep personal possessions in portable bookshelves and cabinets so that moves between projects can be accomplished rapidly. In keeping with Silicon Valley informality, the company discourages formal titles and don’t mandate a dress code. Management encourages employees to leave their desk and walk around, especially during mental blocks. Management rarely fires employees.

Each employee is assessed through peer review sessions, with peer chosen by the employee. Management also seeks to reward high performers through more shares in its client venture capital base. As a result, through much of the 1990s, the turnover growth was less than 5% per year, which was surprising low compared to Silicon Valley standards. 2. Decision point: should IDEO accept the Visor project as is (on a dramatically reduced schedule)? Should they try to persuade Handspring’s management to change its aggressive launch schedule? Or should they simply decline the project?

In your discussions, please consider the IDEO and Handspring perspectives. IDEO should not accept the Visor project’s aggressive launch schedule. Core value and innovative product development process of IDEO can be lost because of limited time resources. IDEO’s competitive edge consists in the recurring idea development in a free environment, design verification through prototyping, and the incorporation of technology in the actual product. However, if the schedule is determined shortly, the schedule of the task of proposing design idea and prototyping would be reduced (Phase0 ~ II).

If that part’s time reduced, IDEO could not consider for the client deeply and verify the ideas perfectly. IDEO’s corporation culture aims at a free environment to suggest ideas and prototype and connecting them to the commercialization. Because of the time and price pressures, IDEO’s culture and product development process would be destroyed. It would make IDEO lose its higher competitive edge compared to other competitors. IDEO should try to explain the creation of the Core Value from their corporation culture to Handspring and persuade to postpone the Visor’s release schedule.

In the meantime, IDEO should provide examples of best practice with the reasonable time to Handspring and enable them to aware that IDEO couldn’t develop the product’s quality that matched their wants in their schedule. If Handspring is unwilling to delay release until after the holidays, IDEO should nevertheless accept the project. Although the first release of Visor may not showcase IDEO’s trademark superior design, the relationship with Handspring will provide future opportunities for innovation in the PDA industry. As a result, IDEO ; Handspring should narrow the gap between their perspectives.

By balancing their internal and external business strategies.

Web Exercise: Understanding Job Analysis Week 3 Human Resources Management Professor Lawrence R. A. Prosper March 23, 2013 1. How easy was it to find the specific occupation you were looking for, and how comprehensive was the information provided about that occupation? I was immediately impressed by the O*NET Resource Center after opening the site. The design was smart and the site was easy to navigate despite the many choices available to explore. This is a great example of what a Government agency working with the business community and the actual workers from each occupation can accomplish.

A wealth of useful information is presented to the public at no cost in an easy to use format. I was quickly able to locate information that was specific to my chosen occupation. My current job title is Special Projects Manager which is a hybrid description. My primary duties are to initiate the acquisition of production machinery and when needed, additional building space to install the equipment; that is the Project Manager role. I also ideate and participate in projects related to safety, facilities management and production flows which justifies the Special Projects designation.

I selected Project Manager in my search and was directed to the page for Architectural & Engineering Managers which gave a brief description of similar titles (Project Engineer, Project Engineering Manager), what these managers do, and what they would be expected to do on the job. The last item listed some on the job duties as to direct, review, or approve project design changes and to confer with management, production, or marketing staff to discuss project specifications or procedures: basically , my assigned duties.

Following the link to Advanced Manufacturing, I was able to see examples of descriptive information about specific jobs. This page had a graphic of a sample career Ladder/Lattice for Advanced Manufacturing which was very similar to my actual career path. The job titles were a bit different but did show a familiar progression from helper, to operator, to production supervisor, to engineering/production manager. This was my path to my current position but I made it here without a college degree, a feat that would be impossible in this company today.

I maneuvered to the Engineering Manager page and found more job specific information. A good amount of detail was devoted to the Job Description and some mention of the required education, workforce preparation, work experience, licensure/certifications, salary and the employment outlook for the next 10 years. The information for this occupation was easy to read and comprehensive. As someone who is presently in this field I can say the duties and expectations presented are realistic. For a person considering pursuing a career in this area a path can be established to achieve that goal by using this resource as a guide.

What did you think of the occupations O*NET suggested as matching your skills? Was the occupation you are in or preparing for among those listed? This exercise has confirmed that I have ended up in an occupation that suits my skill sets, abilities and personality. The non-scientific results earned on the Interest Profiler test were also quite representative of me as a person and the specific area scores did indicate an affinity for my chosen field. My chosen occupation is Project Manager and this was among the professions listed.

I continue to prepare for this occupation by attending college to complete my degree despite having worked at my company for 29 years. A Project Manager works alone while being involved with coordinating the work of many unconnected groups simultaneously. It can be a demanding profession and may not provide satisfaction to certain personalities. The skills detailed on the O*Net are well defined and can be interpreted as needing one to be technically knowledgeable, have good people skills, and to be adaptable to changes in the scope of a project.

Math skills are important in the product design and for producing the cost analyses and project justifications. I recently completed algebra and statistics which the job description notes as necessary. Character skills are described as needing attention to detail, integrity, adaptability, analytical thinking, dependability and stress tolerance. I match up well in those areas and at times tend to overdo the attention to detail. Problem solving skills are used to notice a problem and figure out the best way to solve it. This is a difficult skill to master and sometimes the logical solution is not the best choice as a solution.

Finally, there are project management software tools available and learning to use them benefits the project and the teams involved in the work progression. You can also contact them to tell them your computer has died and you want to use the program on your new computer. They are the ones to reset the activation counts. Just explain what has happened. NP124865399 2. As an HR professional, how could O*NET be useful in conducting a job analysis? Explain specifically how you would use the data from this site to assist your organization. 3. As a director of human resources, would you have your staff use this site? Why or why not?

Give a description of the work of one of the undermentioned interior decorators:

• James Stirling;
• Norman Foster;
• Ettore Sottsass;
• Richard Rogers;
• David Hicks;
• Philippe Starck.

High Tech appeared in the mid-thirties, Gallic designers Jean Orouve and Pierre Chareau, used High Tech to plan house, when High Tech was architecture design tendencies. In the mid-thirties, Industry was common, bring forth more metal, so High Tech manner utilizing really metal stuff to the concept.

In 1779, the first Fe p in England River Severn, it is metal construction. High Tech popular earlier built the Fe p.

High Tech has five points, about the characteristics and elements of the manner. First, High Tech has mechanical and structural aesthetics, emphasizes logic, procedures, machinery, and equipment, engineering, and construction. And it has mobility, for illustration emphasizes the construct of extrasensory, more lightweight and flexible, ‘exoskeleton consequence ‘. Second, it has ocular effects. Third, it has High Tech stuff, it utilizing smooth metal, transparent glass and crystalline minerals, to do cool feeling in the architecture, chief color is white, grey and black, for illustration Yoyogi National Gymnasium and Hong Kong and Shanghai Bank. Fourth, High Tech accent on industrial engineering, transparent and translucent, and do more new thoughts, to accomplish the height of engineering in high tech manner. Last, High Tech created new design thoughts, for illustration it break the restrictions of the column and wall, mesh grid, glass contemplation and transmittal, and open construction.

High Tech architectures are ‘energy-saving architecture ‘. Because it is environmentally friendly, the architecture wall is glass, the visible radiation can easily travel indoor.

Renzo Piano, Jean Nouvel, Richard Rogers, Helmut Jahn, Jean Nouvel, Santiago Calatrava, and James Stirling, they use High Tech to plan and build their plants.

Norman Foster is a high tech representative designer and interior decorator excessively.

Norman Foster was born on 1 June 1935 in England Manchester. When he was 21 old ages old, he graduated from Manchester University School of Architecture and City Planning in 1961, so he won Yale University scholarships and studied Master of Architecture. Next, he married Wendy Cheesman who is a designer, in 1964. Norman Foster constituted Foster Associates ( Foster + Partners ) with his married woman Wendy Cheesman and eight working spouses in 1967.

Foster Associates ( Foster + Partners ) is a building company in London, England. Foster + Partners was founded in 1967. The president is Norman Foster and the main executive officer is Mouzhan Majidi.

Foster + Partners completed many major undertakings, it has ten parts those maestro programs, Bridges, authorities edifice, a cultural edifice, higher instruction edifice, athletics land, transit, office, leisure installing, and house.

First for maestro programs, Foster + Partners planned Duisburg Inner Harbour in Germany ( 1991-2003 ), Trafalgar Square Redevelopment in London ( 1996-2003 ), West Kowloon Cultural District in Hong Kong ( 2009 ) and so no. Second, for Bridges, they constructed and designed the Western Arsta Bridge Arstabroarna in Sweden ( 1994/2005 ), Millennium Bridge in London ( 1999/2002 ), and Millau Viaduct ( 2004 ); it was the highest route p in the universe. Third for authorities edifice, they constructed London City Hall ( 2002 ), New Supreme Court Building in Singapore ( 2005 ), and reconstruct the Reichstag edifice in Berlin ( 1999 ). Fourth for the cultural edifice, they constructed and intentional Sainsbury Centre for Visual Arts at the University of East Anglia in Norwich, in UK ( 1978 ), renovation of the Queen Elizabeth II Great Court of the British Museum ( 2000 ), and extension to the Lenbachhaus art museum, Munich ( 2013 ). Fifth for higher instruction edifice, for illustration Kings Norton Library in UK Cranfield University ( 1994 ), Cambridge Faculty of Law in the UK ( 1995 ), British Library of Political and Economic Science in UK London School of Economics ( 1993-2001 ).

Then, Foster + Partners constructed and designed Lusail Iconic Stadium in Qatar ( 2010 ), and reconstruct Wembley Stadium ( 2007 ). Seventh for transit, it had Stansted Airport in the UK ( 1991 ), Canary Wharf Underground Station in London ( 1999 ), Spaceport America in New Mexico ( 2005-2013 ). Eighth for office, it had London Citigroup Centre in the UK ( 1996-2000 ), Hearst Tower in New York City ( 2006 ), Caja Madrid in Spain Madrid ( 2002-2009 ). Ninth for leisure installing, it had The Great Glasshouse National Botanic Garden of Wales in UK Wales ( 1995-2000 ), Elephant House of Copenhagen Zoo in Denmark ( 2002-2008 ), Faustino Winery Bodegas Faustino in Spain Castilla Y Leon ( 2007-2010 ). Tenth for the house, it had The Murezzan in Switzerland St Moritz ( 2003-2007 ), Regent Place in Australia Sydney ( 2003-2007 ), Jameson House in Canada Vancouver ( 2004-2011 ).

Norman Foster has many architectural accomplishments, for the illustration he is an ex-vice president of the Architectural Association, external councilors of the Royal Architectural Association ( RIBA ), councilor of the Royal College of Art in London, member of the Royal Society of Arts in London, honorary member of the American Institute of Architects and so on.

Norman Foster won 190 awards and more than 50 international competitions. He was awarded The RIBA Royal Gold Medal in 1983, Japan Association for International Design Award in 1987, the RIBA legal guardians medal in 1990, and the Gold Medal of the AIA in 1994. In 1999, he won The 21st Pritzker Architecture Awards and was awarded the rubric of ‘Lord ‘ by the Queen, so we could name him Lord Norman Foster.

Willis Faber Dumas Offices in 1974, Sainsbury Centre for the Visual Arts in 1976, Hong Kong and Shanghai Bank in 1979, Airport Terminal in 1980, Museum of Modern Art in 1983, Kings Cross Redevelopment in 1988, 30 St. Mary Axe in 2003, and so on. There was a High Tech manner architecture by Norman Foster.

On the other manus, Norman Foster has many celebrated plants, for illustration Reliance Control Factory in 1966, Original Drawings in 1978, Whitworth Art Gallery in 1984, Institute francais vitamin D architecture in 1986, and Royal Academy of Arts in 1986.

In add-on to, Furniture appeared High Tech, for illustration tabular array, chairs, beds. Andreas Weber, Bruce Burdick, and Norman Foster used High Tech to plan tabular array and work tables, those are unstained steel and glass. Hermann Muller designed the Aeron Office Chair, which is High Tech manner and biotechnologies.

Norman Foster did non make High Tech, but he was influential in architecture and design. Norman Foster made High Tech that became common. In add-on, many interior decorators will utilize High Tech in interior design, because it has five good points. First, High Tech utilizing smooth metal, to do cool feeling. Second, High Tech has mechanical and structural aesthetics, to do modern. Third, High Tech chief color is white, grey, and black, does non impact the interior decorator, and to do modern. Fourth, High Tech utilizing crystalline glass can increase the interior sense of infinite, and visible radiation can easily travel to indoor. Fifth inside can utilize High Tech furniture for illustration tabular array, chairs, and beds.

In indecision, Norman Foster does non merely lending to architecture, he contributes to design, for illustration interior design, and furniture design.

Sources

1. http: //www.ad.ntust.edu.tw/grad/think/PEOPLE/FOSTER/FOSTER.HTM
2. http: //tw.streetvoice.com/wchlc156/articles/249952/
3. http: //miko750808.pixnet.net/blog/post/30724354
4. http: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_Foster, _Baron_Foster_of_Thames_Bank
5. http: //cforum.cari.com.my/forum.php? mod=viewthread & A ; tid=421131
6. http: //www.archinfo.com.tw/public/p02.aspx
7. http: //tw.knowledge.yahoo.com/question/question? qid=1206040807154