Newspaper

This image also appeared on other newspaper front covers during the event such as the daily express the sun and the indented. The image of the youth also includes what seems to be a burnt out facial in the background there for making it seem as if this person was to blame for this maroons attack. Other newspapers such as the daily telegraph and the daily express issued on the same day include headlines such as “rule of the mob” “flaming morons” and “mob rule” to anger this image.

This giving this person in the image of being a ember of a gang and the word moron has the connotations situated with it. These newspapers represented the even by putting a lot of blame of young people in the area this image that was used represented a stereo typical youth in London there for representing them a rioter and a thug who was to blame for the riots.

The daily mail newspaper also included a comment from the daily mail its self which read “to blame the cuts is immoral and cynical this criminality pure and simple” there for the daily mail was blaming the rioting in London on the criminals in the area especially the stereo typical touts in London depicted in the image the comment also took the blame away from the government and opinion leaders The next example I am going to referee of a fox news broadcast aired on the 1 lath of august , aimed at a American audience.

The catalyst for the rioting was the shooting dead of the 29 year old black man mark Digging on the 4th of august he was about to be arrested for gun crime in the black community . The fox new broadcast represents the event in relation to his death the broadcast opens with the news anchor saying ‘the shooting death of one man, sets of hundreds leaves Roth London subverts in ruin” the broadcast then shows footage of Atonement in London were we can seer young black youths looping shops with the headline ” police shooting sparks riots”.

There for telling the audience that the police may be to blame for these riots. Footage also shows burning buildings and the police patrolling the streets with the news anchor mentioning that the rioters are attacking businesses and police. The news broadcast then shows a Mao of where the riots are taking place obviously to show the American viewers how close the riots are to the location for upcoming Lollops that took place in London 2012. This would negatively represent the city of London to the American audience may put a lot of people off from visiting the country when the lollops are taking place. We are told it was this mans death that started it all” anchored by an image of mark Duggan with a direct mode of address. Nt the image used in the sun newspaper article from 5th August 201 1 which represented Mark Duggan as a gangster. The image used in the sun newspaper showed mark Duggan making a gun sign with his hand and wearing billing the dress code associated tit gang members and culture. This newspaper report represented mark Duggan in a negative way and in term of is background making out that he shot at police first. The image would make an audience think he was to blame for his death.

Fox news chief correspondent report focuses on the amount of people being arrested and the number of police injured (25 police injured) uses an English news anchor and reporter ( knows history of London and had reported on the 1 ass’s riots) shows footage of a youth, dressed in a hood- negative connotations- gives the impression that all the rioters look like its- ere intimidating especially to an outside audience (especially the target American audience of this programmer) “cops say the riots started because of the shooting of that man (mark Duggan) who was elatedly a gang member ” and “its is simple opportunistic looting’ anchored by footage of the rioters attacking police. Shows interview with police commissioner – opinion leader giving his thoughts on the rioting -vat’s I’ve seen is pure violence” – how ill this effect how people (especially the American target audience ) view this events Great concern for British government the rioting has moved into diddle class areas – so id the government only concerned now because the richer citizens are being affected?

Bangla newspaper has a great importance from freedom war 1971 to show. Bangladeshi general peoples were being informed about the political. societal and economical position and activities from Bangla newspaper during under Pakistani authorities. This is besides major grounds of political activities in the past and present. The day-to-day Prothom Alo and the day-to-day Ittefaq is the taking newspaper in Bangladesh. A batch of national and non-government advertizements are published these two newspapers. Bangladeshi publishing media is really strong in the universe because a immense figure of Bangla newspapers are published day-to-day nationally and locally in this state of land country of 1lac 44 thousand square kilometre. In malice of debut of new media like Bangla orbiter channels. FM and local wirelesss and on-line intelligence. Bangla newspaper is still really popular in our state because old peoples and house married woman prefer newspaper to Television. wireless or on-line intelligence.

Another advantage of newspaper is that it can be read any clip of the twenty-four hours. Particular involvement to peculiar subdivision like athleticss. political. manner and manner. international intelligence. concern or column may change from adult male to adult male but most of peoples like political and taking intelligence subdivision. Leading intelligence. editorialist articles and column are most favourite subdivision in Bangla newspaper. Online Bangla newspaper is going more popular twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours for those people working in office or concern because update intelligence are acquiring immediately and they have non adequate clip to read newspaper individually in place or office.

Above all the imortance of Bangla newspaper can non explained shortly. It opens the door of cognition and present state of affairs by presenting of import massage invariably.

What is intercept marketing?

The word ‘intercept’ means to capture, interrupt, or catch. Thus, the term intercept marketing is the form of marketing where the targets are made aware of the product to be marketed while they are doing some other activity.

Thus, the term intercept marketing, a relatively novel form of marketing, encompasses all those promotional activities where the target is given the promotional presentation etc., while he is doing something else.

What is the basis of intercept marketing?

The intercept marketing is based on the idea of diverting prospect’s attention to one’s marketing vehicle, like kiosk, vending machine etc. Traditionally, the intercept marketing exists in a number of forms. One of its popular forms is the one known as ‘mall intercept’, when the promotion is carried out inside or nearby the shopping malls. Likewise, another form is through vending machine. Usually, the vending machine is placed on locations where people or expect to gather or pass by in masses, such as near shopping malls, at bus stops etc. There is yet another variant for intercept marketing in the cyber realm. This means that when a person searches for something on internet, divert him to one’s products or services also comes conceptually under the domain of intercept marketing.

What are the benefits of selling through vending machine?

There are a number of benefits of selling through vending machine. Some most important of them are as follows:

Immediate Cash Flow

The first and foremost benefit of selling through vending machine is that all transactions are on cash, thus there are expectations of no issues of cash shortage etc. One of the most common reasons for the failure of start-ups is that of lack of cash flow, which is usually not the case with vending machine business.

All-Cash Business

Very few businesses in this world are all cash business, thus having no bad debts.

Round the clock business

With a traditional business setup, there are a number of frustrations for the owner, such as long coffee breaks by the employees, informing about sick leaves in the eleventh hour etc. Moreover, for the owner himself, if he is away or at vacation, he is losing some opportunity cost at least. However, the business through vending machine is the one that is done round the clock. The owner does not require any sales person. The business goes on with every passing second.

Incredible Return on Investment

What any businessman or investor requires from an investment is the return on investment (ROI).  It is commonly said that the money makes money. Researchers estimate that usually the return on investment for a vending machine is not more than a year, however, it greatly varies from the product to product.

Home based business

The business through vending machine requires no staff, no advertising cost, no business hours, no utilities etc.

Tax benefits

To promote the businesses through vending machine, the government is providing remarkable tax benefits.

The vending machine is a growing business with millions of dollars being poured into vending machines each week. According to an estimate, 7 out of 10 people do some sort of business with the vending machine.

What are the drawbacks of the vending machine?

Chances of Tempering or Cheating

The basic assumption for the selling through vending machine is that the customer is assumed to be the honest. This is the reason why sometimes vending machine is called the ‘honor box’. However, at occasions, this is not the case. For example, in the vending machine for newspaper, upon inserting the coin, the door opens. If the person picks all the newspapers out of it or place something between the door not to let it close, so others can get the newspaper without inserting the coin.

Power supply

Many vending machines require continuous power supply, which is an issue in the developing countries, where load shedding is a norm.

Vandalism

In case of law and peace disorders, there are chances of vandalism with the vending machine, resulting in heavy losses for the company. Sometimes, vandalism may be in form of severe damages to these machines.

Delivery Mechanism

There may be several mechanical disorders in the machine. For example, in many machines, the delivery outlet is in spiral shape. Slight disorder in that may result in the products being delivered by vending machine improperly.

Age factor

In many countries beers and cigarettes are also sold through vending machines. The vending machine cannot distinguish between the minor and major and thus those items can also be sold to minors, whom selling those items is prohibited.

What are being sold in the vending machines?

There are a number of items being sold through vending machine. These items range from those readymade stuff like newspapers to those items which are prepared and delivered upon inserting the coin such as printing of tickets and preparing coffees. Some of these items are listed below.

• Cigarettes
• Snacks
• Newspaper
• Drinks
• French fries
• Condom
• Fishing bait
• Book
• DVD
• Ice cream
• Noodles

Where vending machines are placed?

The location for the vending machine depends on the product which is being served through the vending machine. The location is dependent on the fact that who will use the product.  The basic guideline is that the location should be such where the potential buyers of the product gather.  Such places may include the bus stops, railway stations and lunch rooms. For example, those products that attract the kids, such as candy, bubble gum etc., the best locations are nearby the restaurants, outside amusement parts etc. For the items like drinks, beers, condoms, tissues, airports and restroom serves as ideal locations.

Once you have decided on a product you have to choose a proper location, where people stay or gather, places like lunch rooms, bus or train stations, access ways. The location is of critical importance and must be according to what you are selling – for candy, balls, gumballs the best places are where kids may wait like in front of restaurants or at zoos. Restrooms or airports are the best locations to place vending machines selling condoms or tissues.

What is the opportunity to sell healthy food (i.e salads) thru vending machine (any one is doing it)

Although, there is already emergence of selling healthy food such as salad or fresh fruits through vending machines, yet the trend is not much widespread yet. So, this idea can be exploited to reap profits. The ideal locations for this would be the schools and hospitals. It can be a good replacement for canteens.

One such example is that of Dole Food Company. It is a US based company which, according to the Food Business Review, the article of February 2007, is under the process of putting vending machines in schools with the aim to provide greater access to students to the healthy and nutritious food such as, fruits, salads, sandwich wraps and milk etc.

References

1. Aboulafia, J. (1992). How to Make Big Money in the Candy Vending Machine Business. New York: Vantage Press.
2. Carini, J. (2002). Pocket Guide to Coin-op Vending Machines. Lancaster, PA: Schiffer Publishing.
3. Ellis, L. (n.d.). Dole to put healthy vending machines in US schools – Food Business Review. Retrieved January 5, 2009, from http://www.food-business-review.com/article_news.asp?guid=484E3EED-9A62-4605-A6B2-765C5AF2DD58.
4. Hanna, C. (1979). The Vending Industry: History, Trends, Secrets, Opportunities, Scams. Portland: Morris Pub. Co.

Contents:

• The impact of advertisement on the buying behavior with reference to the consumer durables .
• Introduction.
• Theoritical background of the study.
• Advertising and advertisements.
• Advertisers.
• Advertising agencies.
• Support organization.
• Media.
• Consumers.
• Advertising as marketing tool.
• Role of advertising in modern business world.
• Industry background.
• Refrigerator industry.
• Design of the study.
• Statement of the problem.
• Need for the study.
• Operational definitions of the study:

1. Sources of the data
2. Data collection instrument
3. Data processing and analysis .
4. Outcome of the study

• Analysis and interpretation
• Conclusion Abstract :

The consumer durable industry in the past few years has seen tremendous growth. Advancements in the technology, government support and increased level of interest among the private players into the industry has given rise to the healthy competition between the various brands. Different companies are using different advertisement strategies for building and managing of brands. Advertising in electronic media and newspapers are key advertising areas in designing the advertising strategy.

This study was carried out to identify the advertising strategies of different companies and to know the impact of advertisements on building and managing of brands in consumer durable industry. As there are many products that come under consumer durables, it is necessary to choose one product among them in order for market research. Hence this study was done in consumer durable industry in general and refrigerators in particular. This was research also done to identify the major influence of advertising in buying the favorite brand and to identify the impact of electronic media advertising on purchase decision.

A structured questionnaire was used to collect the consumer responses on their awareness about different refrigerator brands, their media of information and impact of advertisement on their purchase decision. Three popular brands were mainly identified after conducting interviews with the consumers and these brands were used in the questionnaire for evoking the responses of the consumers. Random sampling was used to select the sample unit. The sample size was limited to 120 numbers selected from different source.

The data collection involved taking responses from different people like, students, businessmen, housewives, executives etc also they belonged to different age groups and income groups. Tags: Impact of advertising on consumer buying behavior, Advertising and buying behavior, Impact of advertising in the modern business world More abstract from The impact of advertisement on the buying behavior with reference to the consumer durables. The aim of the study is to find out how effective advertisements are in making a consumer prefer a particular brand in the consumer durable industry.

To find out the consumer reactions to advertisements and to the hypothesis, that “Advertisements in the TV and Print media has a significant impact on Consumers buying behavior with reference to consumer durables”, had to be tested. The other objectives were to verify brand recall and to generate advertising strategies for the companies. This study was explorative in design as it deals with consumer perception about advertisements and their effects on brand recall.

Objectives of the study:

Primary Objective:

• To understand the impact of advertisements on the Buying behavior of the consumers.
• To study the advertisements of the respondent companies, with reference to refrigerator.

Secondary Objectives:

• To verify recall of advertisements/brands
• To analyze the justification of advertising expenditure.

Need for the study

Gaining an understanding about the impact of advertisements on consumer’s buying behavior.

Review in literature

Before starting this study various literatures were reviewed to find out the gap that could exist between previous study and the present one.  This shows that advertisements in magazines get the full attention of its readers.

Second, magazine advertisements are good in quality in terms of printing and color. Magazines are usually printed on the good paper that makes for an excellent reproduction of art and color work.

Television advertising

Though the technological breakthroughs have changed the advertising media, T. V . remains to be the largest entertaining media. Television advertising, which began only in1976, takes almost a third of that share, with the press getting around sixty percent. There are advertisements that are persuasive only with no fact and figure.

There are advertisements that are informative only, but not appealing much. Mostly advertisements should fall between these two extremes. Advertisements for specialties like medicine s might be totally informative persuasive advertisements generally put on TV. Informative advertisements appear in magazines and weekend supplements of newspaper. They are put in more durable media. Some informative advertisements create a mood favorable towards a product. One more version of informative advertisements, is to present it as editorial matter, in distinguishable from the real editorial matter. Different people react to different advertisements in various ways at different times. Today, we are exposed to a large number of commercial messages than at any time in the past. Not only has the quantity of advertisements increased, even the quality of advertisements has improved very considerably over the past couple of years. Advertising as Marketing Tool Advertising is the communication link between the sellers and the buyer or the consumer. It does not simply provide information about the products and services, but also attempts at influencing people to action by on overt appeal to reason or emotion.

September 2nd and 3rd, 2005 saw a spate of articles and comments in the press all over the world about the effects and aftermath of Hurricane Katrina. A study of selected newspaper articles and comments from different parts of the world reveal interesting tilts and biases. The Guardian, a liberal newspaper from London, uses the opportunity to attack US policies. Both domestic and international policies are criticized in the article which however attempts to absolve President Bush of any direct responsibility for the consequences of the disaster.

The author’s bias in respect of the Iraq war comes through when the war is blamed for the ineffective handling of the disaster. The expression “anarchic south” used in association with Louisiana almost seems to compare Louisiana with Baghdad after its fall. (What Was Revealed). However, it takes a philosophical stand and talks about the past, reflecting the conservative moorings of the newspaper.

Yet, the use of the word “uninsured” in connection with poverty looks rather incongruous, seeming to imply that being insured would be an excuse for the poverty that was exposed. (Loss of an American Dream). However stresses that more than the loss of property, American leaders and the administration have lost credibility and people have lost faith in them. With Australia often accused of racial discrimination and prejudice, the newspaper finds it an opportune moment to point out that divisive racial prejudices and poverty are issues in America too, despite its wealth. It almost seems that the article was just waiting for an occasion to hit back in the same way.

The Israeli militaristic obsessions come through very transparently in the article by Sever Plocker in the “Yediot Aharonot.” (Plocker, Sever). Almost all events have political implications in Israel and that is what probably prompts Plocker to stress upon the political ramifications of Hurricane Katrina. He even goes so far as to predict a stinging defeat for the Republicans in the upcoming Congressional elections.

The “Toronto Star” is very specific about apportioning blame and does not seem to spare anyone. Officials, President Bush, the Federal Emergency Management Agency, the National Guard, and the Army Corps of Engineers have all been blamed for making the disaster so devastating. (Grim Lesson). The bias against anything official comes through, even as the article appears to ignore every other aspect of the disaster.

The Edmonton Journal however appears to take a very balanced view, describing the factual details of the disaster and points at the sociological imbalances that prevailed in the city of Louisiana. (A Society in Collapse. Edmonton). Such a view probably reflects the reputation of Edmonton as the cultural capital of Canada.

The New Zealand Herald calls for sympathy, but stresses on the economic consequences of the disaster for the rest of the world, and reminds the reader that nature is all-powerful. New Zealand has a very strong agricultural economy and is very sensitive to crucial role of nature in all such activities, which probably prompts the article to link the disaster with a poor appreciation of the forces of nature. Pravda, published from Moscow, is stridently critical of President Bush and is clearly biased against him and his administration.

The language used verges on the hysterical, and reminds the reader about the verbal diatribes that were so much a part of the Cold War. The criticism is more likely to be meant at all things American and not specifically the present administration or President. Thus the views and comments reflect tilt and balances of one sort or another and very few unbiased ones. America’s domestic and foreign policies are blamed, and the administration and institutions charged with coping with such disasters are accused of ineffectiveness in most comments.

Work Cited

A Brutal Reminder. London. The Guardian. (2005, September 3).

Aaronovitch, David. (2005, September 3). What Was Revealed. The Times. London.

Loss of an American Dream. (2005, September 3). The Age. Melbourne.

Plocker, Sever. (2005, September 3). Political Ramifications: TEL AVIV. Yediot Aharonot.

Grim Lesson. Toronto. Toronto Star. (2005, September 3).

Edmonton Journal. A Society in Collapse. Edmonton. (2005, September 3).

The New Zealand Herald. A Gesture of Sympathy. Auckland. (2005, September 3).

Hinchey, Bancroft. Timothy. (2005, September 2). View Points. Hurricane Katrina. Comment and analysis from London, Melbourne, Tel Aviv, Toronto, Edmonton, Auckland and Moscow. Retrieved March 13, 2007, from http://www.worldpress.org/Americas/2142.cfm

I was interested in the Boston Massacre and found many testimonies and other primary resources there. However, as I read through I was intrigued by a comment in my readings about Captain Thomas Preston’s “London Letter”. In Preston’s letter to London, he intended only Londoners to read it and when the article was later published in the Boston Gazette it added annoyance to the already frustrated public in Boston. I was now, intrigued and determined to find Captain Preston’s newspaper article. I, then, asked for help from the research and technology desk.

They guided me through the library database to find a website called American Historical Newspapers. They had many articles from 1700-1850 and I was able to find the actual article, with Captain Preston’s recollection of the “unhappy affair” (Preston’s quote), posted in the Boston Gazette from June 25th 1770, as well as, the original letter to London first published, in April 28th, in the London newspaper the Essex Gazette. Originally this article was a letter sent by Captain Thomas Preston, to London intended for “His Majesty” the king. The letter was delivered to the Essex Gazette, a London newspaper, and printed in April 28th 1770.

Captain Preston produced this account of what came to be known as the Boston Massacre, after being jailed and accused of ordering his men to “fire on a crowd of angry townspeople”. Two months later, (the amount of time it takes to get to America from London by ship) the Boston Gazette published Captain Preston’s article under the headline, “A Narrative of the Late Transactions at Boston. ” During the trial of Captain Preston and his soldiers, copies of “A Narrative of the Late Transactions at Boston” began to circulate around Boston and surrounding areas.

Captain Preston’s descriptions of the events were biased and unsympathetic to the townspeople, painting a picture of the soldiers trying to do their job and the townspeople not abiding and being “unruly” and “abusive”. Captain Preston declares that leading up to the incident the townspeople had increasingly “provoked and abused the soldiers”. Furthermore, Preston explains that an informant had warned him that there was a “mob” of angry townspeople that were planning to storm his soldier’s barracks “carry off a soldier and murder him”.

Preston goes so far as to pin the guilt of giving the order to shoot by yelling “fire, fire” on members of the “unruly mob” and assures the reader that he was yelling “don’t fire”. Captain Preston never deviates from the staunch defense of his innocence and the threat to himself and his soldier’s lives throughout his entire narrative. Preston’s article being published in the Essex Gazette reveals that he is attempting to rally support for his innocence, from not only the king but all of London too. When the Boston Gazette printed the article they did not change the words of Captain Preston’s letter to London.

They instead must have realized their audience, the Boston public, would receive Captain Preston’s description of the events much differently than the king or the people of London did. However, the Boston Gazette editor does put a negative introduction of the article at the top of Captain Preston’s letter to London, stating “how greatly the conduct of the town has been misrepresented. ” This quote reveals the stark contrast of interpretation of the letter between the king of England and the Boston public.

Both newspapers print the same article but have two completely different audiences with two completely different opinions of the need for British troops in Boston. The American Promise text, uses a more comprehensive approach when explaining the events of the Boston Massacre. The text gives more information about the transactions between the Bostonians and the soldiers leading up to the bloodshed on March 5th, 1770. For example, the soldiers are explained as “grating on the nerves of the Bostonians” by conducting drills on the town Common and “playing loud music on the Sabbath”, a day of rest and contemplation for the townspeople.

Furthermore, during this time, colonists were beginning to assert their independence from England by boycotting trade with the Nonconsumption Agreements in 1768 and the Virginia Resolves in 1765. This period of time in the colonies is glutted with conflict between the uncompromising rule of the monarchy of England and the desire for representation and independence of the colonies. These two aforementioned Captain Preston’s recollection of the events were, like all peoples point of view, biased and sympathetic to oneself. The Bostonians had a contrasting interpretation of the events.

And the textbook seems to collect all of these opinions and present them the best that it can. By reading Captain Preston’s primary document about the Boston Massacre, one can get a deeper understanding of what his emotional response was to the events. Reading someone’s opinion of an event draws the reader into the author’s point of view for a few moments and allows one to begin to understand what it must have felt like for the author. Primary documents have are a great way to step back in time and look at the world through someone else’s eyes. Someone who has grown up in a different place with different rules and standards.

The Boston Photographs In “The Boston Photographs” by Nora Ephron, Ephron used most of the time writing about the reactions of the many readers all over the nation and world whom were shocked by the pictures that were published in their local newspapers. She should have used most of the time writing about the day when the incident happened. By doing this, it would have affected people a lot more than seeing the bad of it.

In telling the facts, Ephron only provides factual information such as whom took the picture, what the picture is about, what type of camera he used, and what a variety of newspapers all over the nation did with the pictures. Ephron dedicates a large amount of writing telling the reactions to the photographs by first expressing her own reaction to the pictures and then in detail the reactions of readers and publishers whom published the set of pictures in their newspapers.

Ephron gives a small amount of writing to editors and their defense of the photographs. Ephron only explains how several editors wrote columns defending the pictures. For Ephron’s own analysis she dedicates a very large part to explaining her analysis of the pictures and the people reactions of the publishing of the pictures and her views on the treatment of publishing such pictures for the general public. Ephron explains how the phone calls, letters, and Seib’s own reaction, were occasioned by one factor, which was the death of a woman.

She explains how everyone’s reaction to the picture would have been different if the caption said that the women didn’t die or the child was killed instead because the picture would always be the same, but everyone’s reaction would be different. In the end Ephron explains how newspaper editors are afraid to publish such pictures such as the Boston pictures because they fear the reaction of the people and so they continue censoring such pictures.

In my opinion, Ephron stabilities these numerous perceptions in not such a good style of writing because she doesn’t provide an equal amount of words for each perspective and what needs to be addressed by each point of view and the importance of each view. I think if she spent more time giving equal opportunity to each perspective so that there is a balance in information that is being presented by each viewpoint then her essay would be a whole lot stronger and I would think that it would be less opinionated.

In reading this essay I kind of wanted to know more about the people’s reaction as well as how numerous editors defended the photographs and the outcomes of those editors defending the publishing of those photos. For example, when the author say’s “The photographs are indeed sensational. They are pictures of death in action, of that split second when luck runs out, and it is impossible to look at them without feeling their extraordinary impact and remembering, in an almost subconscious way, the morbid fantasy of falling, falling, off a building, falling to one’s death” (Ephron 657).

This quote proves that the author uses her opinions rather other people opinions. Also, by using her opinions, her form of writing is not strong. If she used other people’s thoughts with her beliefs, then her writing would be strong enough to back up the information she is trying to present. I disagree with the author, because she doesn’t use vivid examples throughout the story. She should have written more about the special incident that happened and how everyone felt about it.

Instead, she wrote who took the picture, what the picture is about, what type of camera the person used, and what did all the newspaper company’s all over the nation did with the pictures. For example, when the author says “The pictures were taken by Stanley Forman, thirty, of the Boston Herald American. He used a motor-driven Nikon F set at 1/250, f 5. 6-8. Because of the motor, the camera can click off three frames a second” (Ephron 657). The author should have not put this information in the story, because is it unnecessary in the story, and does not belong in the story.

The article makes me think about the incident that happened to the world trade center on 9/11, because it reminds me of people that had to go through the whole attack and how they felt about it. It is similar to The Boston Photographs, because the photos where published in the newspaper. After the 9/11 attack, seeing the photos on the front page, people went insane just as in The Boston Photographs. Works cited Ephron, Nora. “The Boston Photographs. ” “The Norton Reader: An Anthology of Nonfiction. New York: W. W. Norton & Co, 2012.