Punishment

Character that you can make as your role model. Give a reason why?

The novel that I had chosen is Dry Jelly and Mr. Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson. The character in this novel that I can make as my role model is Mr. Deuteron. Mr. Deuteron is a loyalty person. These are several reasons how he show his loyalty. Mr. Deuteron is a close friend of Dry. Jelly. Mr. Deuteron does not tell anyone when he finds out Dry. Jelly’s secret. Instead, he wants to help. When Mr. Hyde gives compensation to Die’s family because he had trampled over Die’s body, Mr. Deuteron found the name of sign in the cheese is Dry. Jelly.

Moreover, he finds the walking stick which is the weapon to kill Sir Dangers Care is he presented to Dry. Jelly. Nevertheless, he keeps the secret to safeguard Dry. Jelly’s good name. Second reason is Mr. Deuteron is concerned Dry. Jelly. This is because when Dry. Jelly writes a will to Mr. Deuteron which content is when Dry. Jelly died or disappears, the estate will given to Mr. Hyde, Mr. Deuteron is worry and try to persuade him. Nevertheless, Dry. Jelly refuses his advice and does not to answer his question.

Consequently, Mr. Deuteron suspects that Dry. Jelly is being blackmailed. This part shows he is loyalty to Dry. Jelly. Third reason is Mr. Deuteron tryst his best to help Dry. Jelly. When Poole find Dry. Jelly locked him in the laboratory for a few days, he become to worry and go to Mr. Deuteron’s to ask for help. When Mr.. Deuteron reach Dry. Jelly’s laboratory, he try to open the door of the laboratory because he think that Dry. Jelly is being blackmailed and he had heard the sound of Mr.. Hyde. He is very tension. Although he is success to open the door, he found the body of Mr.. Hyde lying on the ground. Even after Dry. Jelly ends his own life, Mr.. Deuteron does not reveal anything to the outsiders so as to protect Dry.

Jelly’s good image. In our life, we also need this kind of friend. Furthermore, we must also loyalty to our friend and always try our best to help them. This is because “A friend in need is a friend indeed. “

Character from the story that inspires your life?

The novel that I had chosen is Dry Jelly and Mr.. Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson. The character in this novel that inspires my life is Mr.. Deuteron. Mr.. Deuteron is a loyalty when Dry. Jelly died or disappear s, the estate will given to Mr.. Hyde, Mr.. Deuteron is Mr.. Deuteron does not reveal anything to the outsiders so as to protect Dry.

Jelly ‘s good image. In this novel, I had learnt that I must loyalty to my friends and always try our best to help them. This is because “A friend in need is a friend indeed. ” I also want to choose this kind of friends.

Character that you wish you can be?

Character in this novel that I wish I can be is Mr.. Deuteron. Mr.. Deuteron is a loyalty blackmailed . This part shows he is loyalty to Dry. Jelly. Third reason is Mr. Deuteron tryst his best to help Dry. Jelly. When Poole find Dry. Jelly locked him in the laboratory for a few days, he become to worry and go to Mr.. Deuteron’s to ask for help. When Mr.. Totters reach Dry. Jelly’s laboratory, he try to open the door of the laboratory because he think that Dry. Jelly is being blackmailed and he had heard the sound of Mr.. Hyde. He is very tension. Although he is success to open the door, he found the body of Mr.. Hyde lying on the ground. Even after Dry. Jelly ends his own life, Mr.. Deuteron does not reveal anything to the outsiders so as to protect Dry. Jelly ‘s good image. In a nutshell, Mr. Deuteron is a loyalty person so I wish I can be him. Consequently, I will learn to loyalty to my friend and always help my friend when he r she is in the hot soup. A friend in need is a friend indeed”, I also want to choose this kind of friends.

Character that full of mystery

Most of the person will choose Mr. Hyde, but I choose Dry. Jelly. These are several reasons why I think that Dry. Jelly is a mystery Dry. Jelly is a respected by many persons because he is a doctor. Person. Nevertheless, he use and waste his intelligence on something that do not benefit him or mankind. He had a god future before him. Instead of helping mankind he produce a drug which control and change him.

He conducts experiment to separate the good mystery and no anyone will know this truth. Besides, by desiring to enjoy the privileges and respect Dry. Jelly has, he also wants the freedom to commit violent. This can show when he turn him to Mr.Hyde, he trample over Die’s body without any sympathy and he kill Sir Dangers Care. Nevertheless, he thinks that he can escape punishment by using Mr.Hade’s personality to commit crimes. He is very mystery person because no anybody can know the truth. Besides, Dry. Jelly concerned about he is being blackmailed because he cannot believe that this is done by Dry.

Jelly. On the other hand, he begins to lose hold of his original and better self and becomes more absorbed in his evil side. He is suffering in his double life because Mr.. Hyde is more powerful. He cannot control himself change to Mr.. Hyde. Consequently, he locks himself in the laboratory. This action had shown his mystery when his servant, Poole fells curious and go to Mr.. Deuteron’s house to ask for help. Finally, he led him to his tragic death. This had shown crime does not pay. In a nutshell, he is very mystery. Nevertheless, he also receives his punishment.

I had learnt that we must kind and do to to do wrong things because maybe our action will led our parent and friend sad and disappointed.

Character that you wish you can delete from the story

The novel that I had chosen is Dry Jelly and Mr.. Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson. The character that I strongly wish I can delete from this novel is Dry. Jelly. Most of the person will chose Mr.. Hyde, but I chose Dry. Jelly because the wrong action is done by him, and then Mr.. Hyde is only a “person” whom is “introduced” by Dry. Jelly. These are several reasons why I wish I can delete Dry. Jelly from this novel. Dry.

Jelly is a respected by many persons because he is a doctor. Nevertheless, he use and waste his intelligence on something that do not benefit him or mankind. He had a god future before him. Instead of helping mankind he produce a drug which control and change him. He conducts experiment to separate the good and evil sides within himself. He is successful and he takes the drug himself. He is so selfish because he do not consider this action will hurt innocent person, he only want the freedom to commit violent without any person know and receive punishment. Besides, by desiring to enjoy the privileges and respect Dry.

Jelly has, he also wants the freedom to commit Eileen. This can show when he turn him to Mr.. Hyde, he trample over Die’s body without any sympathy and he kill Sir Dangers Care. Nevertheless, he thinks that he can escape punishment by using Mr.. Hade’s personality to commit crimes. He is very mystery person because no anybody can know the truth. Besides, Dry. Jelly concerned about he is being blackmailed because he cannot believe that this is done by Dry. Jelly. On the other hand, he begins to lose hold of his original and better self and becomes more absorbed in his evil side. He is suffers in his double life because Mr..

Hyde is more powerful. He cannot control himself change to Mr.. Hyde. Consequently, he locks himself in the laboratory. This action had shown his mystery when his servant, Poole fells curious and go to Mr.. Deuteron’s house to ask for help. Finally, he led him to his tragic death. This had shown crime does not pay. In a nutshell, he is very mystery. Nevertheless, he also receives his punishment. If he had deleted from this novel, I think that the innocent person will not hurt or died such as things because maybe our action will led our parent and friend sad and disappointed.

A character that makes you feels sorry for him or her?

The novel that I had chosen is Dry Jelly and Mr.. Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson. The character that I fell sorry is Dry. Jelly. Most of the person will chose Mr.. Hyde, but I chose Dry. Jelly. These are several reasons why I think that I fell sorry to Dry. Jelly. Dry. Jelly is a respected is successful and he takes the drug himself. He do not know that this action will bring suffer to him. Besides, by desiring to enjoy the privileges and respect Dry. Jelly has, he also wants the freedom to commit violent. This can show when he turn him to Mr.. Hyde, he trample over Die’s body without any sympathy and he kill Sir Dangers

Care. Nevertheless, he thinks that he can escape punishment by using Mr.. Hade’s personality to commit crimes. He is very mystery person because no anybody can know the truth. Besides, Dry. Jelly concerned about he is being blackmailed because he cannot believe that this is done by Dry. Jelly. On the other hand, he begins to lose hold of his original and better self and becomes more absorbed in his evil side. He is suffers in his double life because Mr.. Hyde is more powerful. He cannot control himself change to Mr.. Hyde. Consequently, he locks himself in the laboratory.

This action had shown his mystery when his servant, Poole fells curious and go to Mr.. Deuteron’s house to ask for help. Finally, he led him to his tragic death. This had shown crime does not pay. In a nutshell, he is very mystery. Nevertheless, he also receives his punishment. I think that if he does not conducts experiments that can separate the good and evil side, he is a respected doctor now. I had learnt that we must kind and do not to do wrong things because maybe our action will led our parent and friend sad and disappointed.

Event that make you sad character that I make me sad is Dry. Jelly

These are several reasons why this character makes me sad in this novel. Dry. Jelly is a respected by many persons because he is a doctor. Nevertheless, he use and waste his intelligence on something that do not benefit him or mankind. He had a god future before him. Instead of helping mankind he produce a drug which control and change him. He conducts experiment to separate the good and evil sides within himself. He is successful and he takes the drug himself. He do not know that this action will bring suffer to him. Besides, by desiring to enjoy the privileges and respect Dry. Jelly has, he also wants he freedom to commit violent.

This can show when he turn him to Mr.. Hyde, he trample over Die’s body without any sympathy and he kill Sir Dangers Care. Nevertheless, he thinks that he can escape punishment by using Mr.. Hade’s

Event that give you message in life

Event in this novel is Dry. Jelly makes the drug to destroy many people and finally he led him to his tragic death. The event that gives me message in life is crime does not pay. And evil sides within himself. He is successful and he takes the drug himself. He do not know that this action will bring suffer to him. Besides, by desiring to enjoy the ore absorbed in his evil side.

Event that supposed not to happen in the story

Event in this novel that I had supposed not to happen is Dry. Jelly make the drug that can separate the good and evil sides which had destroys many people. These are several reasons why I suppose this event not to happen in this novel. Dry. Jelly is a respected by many persons because he is a doctor. Nevertheless, he use and waste future before him. Instead of helping mankind he produce a drug which control and change him. He conducts experiment to separate the good and evil sides within himself.

He is successful and he takes the drug himself. He do not know that this action will bring suffer to him. Besides, by desiring to enjoy the privileges and respect Dry. Jelly has, he also wants the freedom to commit violent. This can show when he turn him to Mr.. Hyde, he trample over Die’s body without any sympathy and he kill Sir Dangers Care. Nevertheless, he thinks that he can escape punishment by using Mr.. Hade’s personality to commit crimes. He is very mystery person because no anybody can know the truth. Besides, Dry. Jelly concerned about he is being blackmailed because he cannot believe that this is done by Dry. Jelly.

On the other hand, he begins to lose hold of his original and better self and becomes more absorbed in his evil side. He is suffers in his double life because Mr.. Hyde is more powerful. He cannot control himself change to Mr.. Hyde. Consequently, he locks Nevertheless, he also receives his punishment. I think that if he do not conducts experiments that can separate the good and evil sides, he is a respected doctor now and he will not destroy many people such as Edie and Sir Dangers Care . 1 had learnt that we must kind and do not to do wrong things because maybe our action will led our parent and friend sad and disappointed. . Event that you find funny The novel that I had chosen is The Phantom of the Opera by Gaston Leroy. From this novel, I am touched and sad, I also find funny in a part of story. The event that I find funny is La Charlotte sings Margarita in Chapter 6. From the beginning, on Friday morning, La Charlotte receives a letter warning her not to sing that night or she would lose her voice forever. The letter is written by the Phantom, Erik because he wants his “angle of the music”, Christine Dead to sing at that night. Nevertheless, La Charlotte ignores the letter, she does not believe and cannot think that how bad she sing!

That night, the two director, Monsieur Firming and Monsieur Armband occupy Box 5 prove that the Opera Ghost does not exist. When La Charlotte takes the stage, Monsieur Firming hears a voice. They sense that someone in near them, actually that is the Phantom, Erik. When La Charlotte begins a love song, he voice cracks and she sounds like a toad, “crack, crack, crack. ” At that moment, many people are laugh and feel very funny. La Charlotte is shamed and afraid. Her sound is unpleasant to hear and cannot sing again. Besides, the chandelier breaks away from its ropes and crashes down onto the audience below.

A woman is killed and many are hurt. Consequently, the Opera House is closed for a fortnight and La Carload’s career ends in disgrace. In this part of the novel, I feel funny and sympathy for her. If she agrees the letter warning, maybe this encounter will not happened in her.

How the novels affect your life

These are several reasons how he show his loyalty. Mr.. Deuteron is a close friend of Dry. Jelly. Mr.. Deuteron does not tell anyone when he finds out Dry. Jelly’s secret. Instead, he wants to help. When Mr.. Hyde gives compensation to Die’s family blackmailed . This part shows he is loyalty to Dry. Jelly.

Third reason is laboratory for a few day, he become to worry and go to Mr.. Deuteron’s to ask for help. Even after Dry. Jelly ends his own life, Mr.. Deuteron does not reveal anything to the outsiders so as to protect Dry. Jelly ‘s good image. In our life, we also need this kind of friend. Furthermore, I had learnt that we must also loyalty to our friend and always try our best to help them. This is because “A friend in need is a friend indeed. “

How the message of love and sacrifice show the story?

The novel that I had chosen is The Phantom of the Opera by Gaston Leroy. From this novel, I find the message of love and sacrifice. True love requires sacrifice. There are three persons in this novel show their sacrifice, they are Rural, Christine and the Phantom, Erik. Rural sacrifice his life because he is willing to go through the dangerous passages and secret mazes in the Opera House in order to rescue his lover, Christine because Christine is kidnapped by Erik. Rural is a brave and loyalty person, he does not want his lover leaves him and in a dangerous condition. Although he meets the mysterious Persian who agrees to show him the way to Erie’s house on the lake, suddenly, they are trapped in Erie’s torture chamber?the room of mirrors.

The pictures of flowers, trees, and rivers in the mirrors dance before their eyes. They suffer in the hot room. Nevertheless, he also loves Christine. On the other hand, Christine also sacrificed her love for Rural because she was a poor Norwegian singer whereas Rural was a rich French aristocrat. Besides, Christine loves Rural but is prepared to marry Erik because she could not bear to see her lover, Rural suffering in Erie’s torture chamber. So she agrees to marry Erik and kisses him so that Rural and Persian may live. This part had shown she sacrifice her love. Apart from that, Erik also sacrifices his love.

When Christine kisses him and agrees to marry him, he is touched by Christina’s action in unconditionally. Consequently, he is willing to sacrifice his own happiness and his love for Christine. He decides to let the lovers go free. His sacrifice in this part of the story makes me feel very surprise, because this Christine and Rural marry and live happily together. I feel sorry to Erik and Joyful to Christine and Roll’s happiness. In a nutshell, the three main characters in this novel bring a message to me, this is “Love and sacrifice”. In this novel, I learn a lesson, I must led my love go free because love cannot effort.

If you really love a person, you may wish he or she always in a happily condition but not be eager for she or he to love you. Love is sacrifice but not force him or her to love you. This message will help me how to love a person really in the future.

State the moral value that similar in the both novels

The novel that I had chosen is Dry Jelly and Mr.. Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson and The Phantom of the Opera by Gaston Leroy. The moral value that similar had clearly shown in the both novel is loyalty. In the novel Dry. Jelly and Mr.. Hyde, the lawyer, Mr.. Deuteron, Dry. Jelly’s good friend, Dry. Lyon and Dry.

Jelly’s servant, Poole are show their loyalty while in the novel The Phantom of the Opera, “the angle of the music”, Christine and a rich French aristocrat, Victims De Shaggy (Rural) , the Persian and Madame Girl also show their loyalty. Mr.. Deuteron is a close friend of Dry. Jelly. Mr.. Deuteron does not tell anyone when he finds out Dry. Jelly’s secret. Instead,he wants to help. He finds the walking stick which is the weapon to kill Sir Dangers Care is he presented to Dry. Jelly. Nevertheless, he keeps the secret to safeguard Dry. Jelly’s good name. Mr.. Deuteron also tryst his best to help Dry. Jelly, he think that Dry.

Jelly is being blackmailed. Besides, Dry. Jelly’s good friend, Dry. Lyon also loyalty towards Dry. Jelly because he does not tell Dry. Jelly’s secret to anyone when he know about the drug which can be separate the good and evil side is made by Dry. Jelly. Then, Dry. Jelly’s servant, Poole also shows his loyalty toward his master because he followed Dry. Jelly’s instructions which allow Mr.. Hyde to in and out from his house. Furthermore, Poole had worked for 20 years in Drollery’s house. He also bought chemical for the doctor without tell anyone. On the other hand, the novel The Phantom of the Opera also shows its loyalty.

Christine is loyal to her music tutor, Erik. This is because she is very grateful and compassionate. She agreed to be the wife of ‘poor, unhappy Erik. She also tears between for old flame and loyalty to Erik. Furthermore, Rural show his loyalty to Christine, he fell in love with Christine four years ago, and when Christine reappeared on the scene, he immediately renewed his relationship with her. Moreover, he also disregards his brother’s advice about taking Christine away from Erik. Then, the Persian, who had known Erik in the past, and wants to prevent him from destroying himself by destroying the relationship between Christine and Rural.

Apart from that, Madame Girl, she is kind, motherly and sympathetic, who is also loyal to Erik, she tried to stop people from taking about him and obey the Phantom by keeping Box 5 for him. She thinks and speaks carefully to him. In a nutshell, the both novel completely show a similar moral value is loyalty. In our life, we also need this kind of friend. Furthermore, we must also loyalty to our friend and always try our best to help them. This is because “A friend in need is a friend indeed. “

Choose a lesson from the story that you can share with your friends.

The novel that I had chosen is Dry Jelly and Mr.Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson. The lesson friends. I think that this lesson is the most suitable to share with my friends because this novel had clearly shown its loyalty. In this novel, there are three person shows their loyalty, they are Dry. Jelly and Mr.. Hyde, the lawyer, Mr.. Deuteron, Dry. Jelly’s good friend, Dry. Lyon and Dry. Jelly’s servant, Poole. Mr.. Deuteron is a close friend of Dry. Jelly. Mr.. Deuteron does not tell anyone when he finds out Dry. Jelly’s secret. Instead,he wants to help. He finds the walking stick which is the weapon to kill Sir Dangers Care is he presented to Dry. Jelly.

Nevertheless, he keeps the secret to safeguard Dry. Jelly’s good name. Mr.. Deuteron also tryst his best to help Dry. Jelly, he worry that Dry. Jelly is being blackmailed. Even after Dry. Jelly ends his own life, image. In these parts, he clearly shows his loyalty to Dry. Jelly. Besides, Dry. Jelly’s good friend, Dry. Lyon also loyalty towards Dry. Jelly because he does not tell Dry. Jelly’s secret to anyone when he know about the connection between Dry. Jelly and Mr.. Hyde and the drug which can be separate the good and evil side is made by Dry. Jelly. He is so shocked and shaken about the whole matter.

Nevertheless, he does not tell anyone until he died, he only leaves a letter for Mr.. Deuteron which asks him only can open this letter if Dry. Jelly is disappeared or died. Why he does reveal this secret? This is because his loyalty to his good friend, Dry. Jelly. Then, Dry. Jelly’s had worked for 20 years in Dry. Jelly’s house. He also bought chemical for the doctor without tell anyone. Moreover, he concern about Dry. Jelly is being blackmailed because he feels something wrong that Dry. Jelly had locked himself in the laboratory for a week. Without wasting any times, he quickly goes to see Mr.. Deuteron for help.

From these parts of the story, we can clearly see that Poole is a loyalty servant towards Dry. Jelly. I think that this lesson can clearly share to my friends. In our life, we need this kind of friend. Furthermore, we must also loyalty to our friend and always try our best to help them. This is because “A friend in need is a friend indeed. ” Are you loyalty to your friends?

Which setting of place that you feel gives you an anxious feeling? Give reasons. Why?

The novel that I had chosen is Dry Jelly and Mr.. Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson. The setting of place that I feel gives me an anxious feeling is in the Dry.

Jelly’s laboratory because the events had happened in this place attack me and bring interest to me to read. In this part, many people will feel anxious and curious to read continually. After the dead of Dry. Lyon, Dry. Jelly had shut himself in the laboratory for a week. Consequently, this action makes his servant, Poole concerns and finds there is something wrong, he suspects that there had been foul pay. Without wasting any times, he quickly goes to see Mr.. Deuteron for help. This part of the story makes me anxious and curious what had happened to Dry. Jelly? Why Dry. Jelly locks himself in the laboratory? Is true Dry.

Jelly had murdered by Mr.. Hyde? Many questions come out from my mind. Then, Mr.. Deuteron follows Poole back to Dry. Jelly’s house. When Poole knocks on the laboratory door and informs Dry. Jelly that Mr.. Deuteron wants to see him, a voice from within say that he does not see anyone. Been murdered eight days ago. The murderer is now in Dry. Jelly’s laboratory. From this part, I am shock because how Mr.. Hyde come into the laboratory without noticed by anyone? What he does to Dry. Jelly? Upon this condition, what is the action will done by them? Next, Mr.. Deuteron and Poole decide to break in the laboratory door.

When they enter the room, they find the body of a man, his face to the floor. Who is the man? I am too impatient to know, is the man is Dry. Jelly? Upon turning it on its back, they see the face of Mr.. Hyde but they do not find Dry. Jelly here. I am very surprised and cannot believe. Mr.. Hyde killed by whom? Where is Dry. Jelly? In chapter 13, I had known and understood what had happened. Actually, Dry. Jelly conducts a drug which can separate the good and evil side. But unfortunately, he is suffering in his double life because the evil side of Mr.. Hyde becomes strong and powerful. Finally, he led him to his tragic death.

In the laboratory, I think this event of the story is the most interesting and many people impatient to know.

State one place in the story and describe the significant event that happened at the place mentioned

The novel that I had chosen is Dry Jelly and Mr.. Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson. The significant event had happened in the place in this story is in the Dry. Jelly’s laboratory because the events had happened in this place attack me and bring interest to me to read. In this part, many people will feel anxious and curious to read continually. These are several events had happened in this place. After the dead of Dry.

Lyon, Dry. Jelly had shut himself in the laboratory for a week. Consequently, this action makes his servant, Poole concerns and finds there is something wrong, he suspects that there had been foul pay. Without wasting any times, he quickly goes to see Mr.. Deuteron for help. This part of the story makes me anxious and curious what had happened to Dry. Jelly? Why Dry. Jelly locks himself in the laboratory? Is true Dry. Jelly had murdered by Mr.. Hyde? Many questions come out from my mind. Then, Mr.. Deuteron follows Poole back to Dry. Jelly’s house. When Poole knocks on the laboratory door and informs Dry. Jelly that Mr.. Totters wants to e him, a voice from within say that he does not see anyone. The voice is not that of Dry. Jelly, but Mr.. Hyde. Poole makes a guess that Dry. Jelly had been murdered eight days ago. The murderer is now in Dry. Jelly’s laboratory. From this part, I am shock because how Mr.. Hyde come into the laboratory without noticed by anyone? What he does to Dry. Jelly? Upon this condition, what is the action will done by them? Next, Mr.. Deuteron and Poole decide to break in the laboratory door. When they enter the room, they find the body of a man, his face to the floor. Who is the man? I am too impatient to know, is the man is Dry.Jelly?

Upon turning it on its back, they see the face of Mr.. Hyde but they do not find Dry. Jelly here. I am very surprised and cannot believe. Mr.. Hyde killed by whom? Where is Dry. Jelly? In chapter 13, I had known and understood what had happened. Actually, Dry. Jelly conducts a drug which can separate the good and evil side. But unfortunately, he is suffering in his double life because the evil side of Mr.. Hyde becomes strong and powerful. Finally, he led him to his tragic death. In the laboratory, I think this event in this place is very significant because this bring us interest and give us anxious to read.

Punishment Punishment, Witness, and dehumanization are common in the world today illustrated in poems such as, “Punishment” by Seamus Heaney and “Capital Punishment” by Sherman Alexie. The poems give the world a different perspectives based on the authors viewpoint, yet both authors seem to favor punishment. Therefore everyone in their life deserves to be punished based on the authors work or even a witness for one reason or another to speak for something they have done or witness. These authors wanted to show a strong feeling towards punishment whether or not the crime was minor or major.

In “Punishment” the speaker was a witness to dehumanizing punishment of the bog women. In “Capital Punishment” the cook was a witness to a cruel punishment. Even though both authors focused on different types of punishment they both expressed how witnessing and dehumanization have a vital role in different situations. Can punishment and race have factors that can change one another? Can the ethnicity of a criminal effect the severity of the punishment bestowed upon them? The ethnicity of a criminal or witness can determine how cruel and usual a punishment can be towards the criminal or witness.

Witnessing is seeing an event, crime, or even an accident take place. In the poem the author talks about witnessing a horrible event. Punishment begins with a person possible the speaker or even the poet hanging with a noose around her neck and seems to be dead. The speaker seems like he could have witness the entire death. He describes the bog woman as, “she was a barked sapling that is dug out oak- bone, brain firkin: her shaved head like a stubble of black corn, her blindfold a soiled bandage, her noose a ring to store the memories of love” (Heaney, 1157).

Even though he describes her as a scapegoat why does the speaker not speak up for this cruel dehumanizing punishment. The punishment was so outrages that the audience felt her pain. However, the speaker first says “my poor scapegoat” (Heaney, 1157), and we feel as if he feels the sorrow the readers do, shortly after he says, “I almost love you” (Heaney, 1157). With his participation of the punishment it leaves the audience believing that the woman deserves the punishment because of her past. “Capital Punishment” is told in first person, a cook is preparing a last meal for an Indian man.

He says “I sit here in the dark kitchen when they do it, meaning when they kill him, kill and add another definition of the word to dictionary” (Alexie, 1164). The line “I am not a witness” is repeated throughout the poem, it is said after Alexie addresses a sensitive societal issue. Topics such as capital punishment are very difficult for the cook to explain. The speaker of the poem is sympathetic with the condemned man and knows that the reason he is on death row is due to the color of his skin.

After the narrator describes and tells the reader what he is thinking and observing, he uses a line saying, “I am not a witness” symbolizing that the narrator can only imagine but relate to what the Native American is going through. He changes from “I am not a witness” to “I am a witness” (Alexie, 1162) when the narrator tells the reader a story about how the society can hang two people but throw both people in one grave. The line symbolizes that two wrongs do not equal one right. The cook sympathies with the criminal because he knows that his punishment is only that sever because of his ethnicity. I am a witness” is Alexie’s way of saying this type of punishment is happening and is something that cannot be ignored or overlooked. The author asks the question, who are we to judge? Who decides someone’s life is over? Alexie says at the end of the poem, ” … If any of us stood for days on top of a barren hill during an electrical storm then lightning would eventually strike us and we’d have no idea for which of our sins were reduced to headlines and ash. ” (Alexie 1165). Alexie was trying to say no matter what, a sin is a sin, the terms in which the sins were committed are meaningless, and the bottom line is that a sin was committed.

However, if we were killed for our actions how would we know if the condemned would make up for that sin or turn out for the worst? Both poems prove that the author’s point of view of each punishment in the poem shows significance in the writer’s everyday life. Seamus Heaney’s “Punishment” shows bitter love and can somewhat symbolize the relationship of the love of his life. Sherman Alexie’s “Capital Punishment” symbolizes the punishment people experience especially through racial discrimination. In addition, by Alexie being Native American too, that proves he was making a statement about bitter punishment towards his culture.

The ethnicity of a criminal or witness can determine how cruel and usual a punishment can be towards the criminal or witness. Work Cited Alexie, Sherman. “Capital Punishment. ” Making Literature Matter: An Anthology for Readers and Writers. By John Schilb and John Clifford. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2000. N. page. Print. Heaney, Seamus. “Punishment. ” Making Literature Matter: An Anthology for Readers and Writers. By John Schilb and John Clifford. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2000. 1156-157. Print.

Understanding the Death Penalty General Purpose: My general purpose is to give the audience a better understanding of the death penalty. Specific Purpose: My purpose is to inform my audience about the different death penalty methods. Introduction: I. We all know Thomas Edison as being the creator of the light bulb, but what most don’t know is he executed animals using his knowledge of electricity. That’s where it all began. II. The death penalty is the execution of an offender sentenced to death after conviction by a court of law of a criminal offense.

III. It is also known as Capital Punishment. The two words merely mean the same thing. Some look at “Death Penalty” as being the penalty received whereas others look at “Capital Punishment” as being the actual execution. IV. What makes capital cases different from other cases is more pre-trial time, more experts, more attorneys, and jurors have to be quizzed on their views of the death penalty. All crimes are not capital cases. Transition: To begin let’s start with the different methods of execution. Body: I. There are five methods of execution. . Lethal injection b. Electric chair c. Gas chamber d. Hanging e. Fire squad Transition: First let’s explore lethal injection. I. Lethal Injection is the primary source of execution used in the United States; The U. S. became the first country to use lethal injection. There are three different drugs used in lethal injection. A. Sodium Thiopental- A sedative drug that puts you in a coma-like, unconsciousness sleep. B. Pancuronium Bromide- Prohibits all muscular-skeletal movements and paralyzes the diaphragm to stop respiration. C.

Potassium Chloride- Interferes with the electrical signals of the heart, causing cardiac arrest. According to U. S. Supreme Court Chief Justice John G. Roberts, along with Justices Anthony M. Kennedy and Samuel A. Alito, There are a total of 36 states now use lethal injection as their most prevalent source of execution. 27 of the 36 require lethal injection to be the method of execution. There is a lethal injection machine, but rarely used because of the fear that it will not work on the first try. II. Transition: Another method is the Electric Chair.

This is the method where a high voltage of electricity is sent through the body. A. Before the execution, the prisoner’s head and legs will be shaved where the electrodes are placed. The prisoner’s head, torso, arm, legs, hips, wrists and ankles are tightly fastened to the chair. (Robert O. Hippe, Judge of the Nebraska Court of Appeals) B. A plate is placed around the prisoner’s head and left calf creating a path through the body. C. Larger sponges which have been soaked in solution are placed under each electrode, next to the prisoner’s skin.

Burning is expected in electrocutions, so a fire extinguisher is kept close by. III. Transition: A third method of execution is the gas chamber. A. During an execution, the prisoner is placed in an air-tight room where potassium cyanide or sodium cyanide is put into a pan of hydrochloric acid causing the prisoner to not be able to process hemoglobin, as stated in the article “First Execution by Lethal Gas” B. The prisoner then falls and chokes to death. C. Only 4 states in the U. S. allow gas chamber as a form of execution. D. Gas chamber is the most expensive method of execution.

IV. Transition: The fourth method of execution is hanging. A. The inmate must be weighed the day before the execution. A sandbag weighing the same as the prisoner is then used a “test dummy” to determine the length of drop necessary for a quick death. B. If the rope is too long, the inmate could be decapitated. If the rope is too short, it will result in a slow death causing the tongue and eyes to protrude. C. Hanging was the most common source of execution in the U. S. up until the 1890’s. V. Transition: The final method of execution is the firing squad. A.

Five shooters will aim at the prisoner, but only four will have live aim. One shooter has a dud that creates the same sound. B. They all shoot at an area the size the palm of your hand. (Kevin P. Robillard, Editorial Assistant at POLITICO) Conclusion: I. Transition: I have informed you about the death penalty and the five methods of execution. f. Lethal injection g. Electric chair h. Gas chamber i. Hanging j. Fire squad II. I hope that now you have a better understanding of the death penalty. WORKS CITED . “Capital Punishment. ” ProCon. org. Encyclopedia Britannica , 25/04/2008.

Web. 10 Sep 2012. <http://deathpenalty. procon. org/view. answers. php? questionID=000988>. Richard, Dieter. ProCon. org. N. p. , 07/02/2007. Web. 10 Sep 2012. <http://deathpenalty. procon. org/view. answers. php? questionID=001022>. . “Forms of execution in the United States,1977-2009. “ProCon. org. N. p. , 16/04/2008. Web. 10 Sep 2012. <http://deathpenalty. procon. org/view. resource. php? resourceID=1623>. . “Did you know?. ” ProCon. org. N. p. , 08/05/2012. Web. 10 Sep 2012. <http://deathpenalty. procon. org/view. resource. php? resourceID=001631>.

Peak – time Executions as a Television Spectacular Peak-time Executions As a Television Spectacular by Ellen Goodman. Written for The Washington Post in America in 1954 and later published in the British newspaper The Guardian Weekly on April 1, 1984. The article is about how the murderer James David Autry wants his execution to be on the television and Goodman asks questions to whether or not it is okay to show the spectators that kind of violent spectacular and how it will affect them.

Obviously this article was meant to create a debate when it was published those many years after in Britain. If we take a look at the different executions that occur in the article, then we get a pretty good view of how the articles main interest and opinion is negative and wants to show that it has done nothing but bring out the bad in people. Watt Espy who is an historian of capital punishment at the University of Alabama Law Center believes and has heard that violence only brings more violence – “[…] has collected tales of the violence begat by violence” (p. ll. 1-2). He gives an example of how the execution of two men in Attling, Georgia. leads to a fight between the spectators and ends with a man being killed. He states – “This was not unique” (p. 2 l. 3). By that he tells us that it was not uncommon at that time to have consequences like that happen during an execution. The people at that time didn’t handle the rush of the spectacle and of the “show” very well. It got to them and the influence of the bad situation would spread and affect the spectators.

Another example of an execution giving by Goodman is when she talks about one of the last time that the public could watch an execution in America. It was August 26, 1936 that Raine Bethea was hung in front of a crowd of 10,000 people in Owensboro, Kentucky. Goodman describe the execution before and after, like it was some kind of concert or entertainment show that the spectators were about to watch. “Through the early hours of that day, “Hawkers squeezed their way through the crowd selling popcorn and hot dogs. Telephone poles and trees were festooned with spectators”. (p. 1 ll. 12-13) It reminds me of a circus, where you can buy hot dogs or an outdoor movie theater with popcorn, also Goodman writes that a vivid account by Time Magazine showed that the night before the execution of Bethea, the spectators had gone to hanging parties and drinking like the execution was something to look forward to. “By 5 o’clock, “the crowd grew impatient, began to yip, “Let’s go, bring him out”. ” (p. 1 l. 14) Again the crowd shows the influence of what was going on. The bad situation had a violent effect on them.

It made them seem and act almost crazy by the things Goodman describes – “At 5. 28 there was a swish, a snap. ” Soon the spectators crowded in and “eager hands clawed at the black death cloth… The lucky ones stuffed the bits of black cloth in their pockets”. ” (p. 1 ll. 16-17) The quote says that “the lucky ones” got to go home with a piece of clothing from Bethea after he was dead, as proof that they had witnessed the execution. The way that the reaction to Bethea’s execution gets described is very harsh and cynical, like the spectators had forgotten their humanity and compassion.

It is an example like this that makes Goodman bring it up. It shows how wrong it is and what impact seeing an execution can have on people. She sees no reason for bringing such a spectacle up again. For example this quote says that if we go back to the way it was back then it would most likely result in videos of the state-approved murders – “As we resume the march of state-approved murder, it seems likely that television reporters will soon be allowed to bring tools of their trade – cameras – into the death chamber, the way print reporters bring pencils” (p. ll. 21-13) “Indeed, if others have their way, we may yet tune in on death. Live at Five. We may enter the death chamber through the living room. Once again we may become spectators at executions” (p. 1 ll. 5-7) – Again when she writes “once again” she refers to it as going around 50 years back in time to when it was executions on the streets. She also uses irony with the “live at five” because it makes it sound like it was any other television show and that we could watch death “through the living room”, that doesn’t sound very appealing.

By saying things like that she uses the irony to make people think about what this actually means, which is watching another human die as “entertainment” on the television in your own living room. In the article Goodman also write about arguments for and against showing executions on televisions, but not her own arguments though. “Some who favour capital punishment as a deterrent to crime are convinced that watching an execution would scare criminals straight. Some who oppose capital punishment believe that the sight would enrage the public” (p. 1 ll. 3-25) as the quote says an argument for, could be to scare the criminals so they could see what could happen to them. And an argument against could be that it would only have a bad effect on the public. “There’s no scientific way to prove in advance the effect of televised executions on crime [… ] but we do know something about the effect on the “audience”. We do know something about spectators from the old days” (p. 2 l. 12, ll. 13-14) – Goodman knows that there is no way to prove what effect it would bring but she see no reason to try and test it. The descriptions of his death were graphic enough” (p. 1 l. 1) – When writing about Autry, Goodman clearly states her opinion towards the subject which if the executions should be on television or not. Like the descriptions of how Autry’s execution went in details weren’t enough? She is saying that it should be enough. That showing it on television would be over doing it. Hearing about how someone takes a man’s life on purpose would be hard enough but to actually see it happening with your own eyes would be horrifying.

Crime and Punishment Novel Responses “He was so immersed in himself and had isolated himself so much from everyone that he was afraid not only of meeting his landlady but of meeting anyone at all. He was crushed by poverty; but even his strained circumstances had lately ceased to burden him. ” By portraying the protagonist as an individual who is going through major suffering, Dostoevsky allows the audience to establish that Raskolnikov is beginning to detach and isolate himself from the world, thus allowing the audience to understand his actions later on in the novel.

The second sentence creates a sense of apathy because even though he is “crushed by poverty”, the circumstances that he faces “ceased to burden him”. “Raskolnikov had a terrible dream… To shouts of ‘Giddap! ’ the little mare starts pulling with all her might, but she can scarcely manage a slow walk, much less a gallop… ‘Take an axe to her! Finish her off fast,’ shouts a third… The nag stretches out her muzzle, heaves a deep sigh, and dies… ‘Papa! What did they… kill… the poor horse for! ’ [Raskolnikov] sobs, but his breath fails, and the words burst like cries from his straining chest.

Chindasook2 Dostoevsky uses the story of the murder of the horse to foreshadow the oncoming violence that will happen later on in the novel. The author conveys this scene to be very graphic by using imagery, and this accentuates the concept of guilt that Raskolnikov feels about committing a crime, thus suggesting that it is not his nature to be violent, however the suffering that he has encountered has driven him to the point of violence. “Kill her and take her money, so that afterwards with its help you can devote yourself to the service of all mankind and the common cause’… Of course, she doesn’t deserve to be alive,’… ” Raskolnikov overheard this conversation between men in a bar, which shows that it isn’t a coincidence as he was also contemplating doing a similar act himself. This conversation allowed Raskolnikov to create more of a reason for him to commit the crime as he now knows that he is not the only one that considered this. Dostoevsky uses this to accentuate the protagonist’s eagerness to carry out actions in which he believes are appropriate, even if it is morally and legally wrong. “Here a strange thought came into his head: perhaps all his clothes were covered ith blood, perhaps there were stains all over them, and he simply did not see, did not notice them, because his reason was failing, going to pieces… his mind darkening” Doestoevsky uses a limited omniscient narrator to convey Raskolnikov’s deteriorating state of mind and descend into insanity. By displaying Raskolnikov’s thought process, Doestoevsky is able convey the overwhelming guilt that is clouding Raskolnikov’s mind. The author depicts the frantic nature in which Raskolnikov sees himself thus portraying a sense of paranoia and the burden of the crime in which he committed.

Chindasook3 Where was it,’ Raskolnikov thought as he walked on, ‘where was it that I read about a man condemned to death saying or thinking, an hour before his death, that if he had to live somewhere high up on a cliffside, on a ledge so narrow that there was room only for his two feet–and with the abyss, the ocean, eternal darkness, eternal solitude, eternal storm all around him–and had to stay like that, on a square foot of space, an entire lifetime, a thousand years, an eternity–it would be better to live so than to die right now!

Only to live, to live, to live! To live, no matter how–only to live! ’ The author portrays the internal conflict that Raskolnikov is experiencing about whether or not to confess through the juxtaposition of life and death. Dostoevsky uses the metaphor of the man on the ledge to depict an image of how Raskolnikov’s life would turn out to be if he holds on to his secret.

However, the epistrophe of the phrase “to live” enunciates the internal conflict that the protagonist is experiencing as he would rather live a life of depression and guilt over choosing death, but he is constantly trying to free himself from this guilt, thus creating an internal conflict as he can clearly justify confessing, but is terrified of death and therefore tries to convince himself to choose to “live”. Raskolnikov’s eyes were flashing; he became terribly pale; his upper lip twitched and began to tremble. He leaned as close to Zamyotov as he could and began moving his lips without uttering anything; this went on for half a minute or so; he was aware of what he was doing, but could not stop himself. A terrible word was trembling on his lips, like the hook on that door: another moment and it would jump out; another moment and it would let go; another moment and it would be spoken! Chindasook4

Anaphora and Parallelism are used to intensify Raskolnikov’s thought process and accentuate the protagonist’s inability to control his feelings about the murder whilst discussing the issue. Raskolnikov makes it clear throughout the conversation that he has a large interest in this issue, making it appear that he is on the verge of confession. The parallelism through the use of semi colons accentuate that Raskolnikov is aware that he may be at risk of confessing as his desire to be free of this guilt overwhelms him.

Dostoevsky also uses anaphora through the phrase “another moment” to further enunciate Raskolnikov’s uncontrollable urge to confess as it keeps coming up in his mind. “Pride and self-confidence were growing in him every moment; with each succeeding moment he was no longer the man he had been the moment before. What special thing was it however, that had so turned him around? He himself did not know; like a man clutching at a straw, he suddenly fancied that he, too, ‘could live, that there still was life, that his life had not died with the old crone. It was perhaps a rather hasty conclusion, but he was not thinking of that,” Dostoevsky uses words such as “self confidence” and “pride” to suggest how Raskolnikov has developed a sense of confidence that will help him overcome his desire to confess. The protagonist is still battling internal conflict, but encounters a moment of clarity after Marmeladov’s death, which makes him realise that his desire to live overpowers his will to confess, thus creating a tone of hope. Chindasook5 Not that he understood it, but he sensed clearly, with all the power of sensation, that it was no longer possible for him to address these people in the police station, not only with heartfelt effusions, as he had just done, but in any way at all, and had they been his own brothers and sisters, and not police lieutenants, there would still have been no point in this addressing them, in whatever circumstances of life” This quote illustrates Raskolinov’s sudden realisation that that fact that he has murdered Alyona and Lizaveta, he has isolated himself from society as the bounds that formerly kept him tied to the rest of society has been over stepped. Furthermore, this quote suggests that Raskolinov displays no empathy for those around him as he was able to carry out the murders. The fact that it as no longer possible for him to address the people in the police station solidifies his isolation and suggests that guilt has overcome him at this point. “What came of it was that I tore my caftan in two, shared it with my neighbor, and we were both left half naked, in accordance with the russian proverb which says:  if you chase several hares at once, you won’t overtake any of them. But science says:  Love yourself before all because everything in the world is based on self-interest. If you love only yourself, you will set your affairs up properly, and your caftan will also remain in one piece. And economic truths adds that the more properly arranged personal affairs and, so to speak, whole caftans there are in society, the firmer its foundations are and the better arranged its common cause.

It follows that by aqcuiring solely and exclusively for myself, I am thereby precisely acquiring for everyone, as it were, and working so that my neighbor will have something more than a torn caftan, not from private, isolated generosities now, but as a result of universal prosperity” Chindasook6 Through the juxtaposition between Luzhin’s egotism and Raskolnikov’s attempt to become selfless, the author implies that the reason the two do not get along is due to their different fundamental morals. Luhzin’s true intentions of marrying Dunya is revealed to be simply out of self-interest, whilst Raskolnikov’s “immoral” murder was for the greater good of others, thus opposing Luzhin’s morals.

Raskolnikov is hesitant in his own beliefs, therefore Luzhin causes him to further doubt his morals, and thus leading him to doubt whether or not the murder could be justified as a selfless act. “what can I tell you? I have known Rodion for a year and a half: sullen, gloomy, arrogant, proud; recently (and maybe much earlier) insecure and hypochondriac. Magnamious and kind. Doesn’t like voicing his feelings, and would rather do something cruel than speak his heart out in words. At times, however, he’s not hypochondriac at all, but just inhumanely cold and callous, as if there really were two opposite characters in him, changing places with each other” Dostoevsky further develops Raskolnikov’s inner conflict through this conversation between his mother, sister and Razumikhin.

The internal conflict has now become apparent to his friend as he explains the juxtaposition within Raskolnikov’s personality, which shocks his family as it becomes evident that he was not always this way, implying that his split personality was brought on by the guilt and conflicts from the murder. Chindasook7 The old woman was nearly a sickness… I was in a hurry to step over… it wasn’t a human being I killed, it was a principal! So I killed the principle, but I didn’t step over, I stayed on this side… All I managed to do was kill. And I didn’t even manage that, as it turns out… A principle? Why was that little fool Razumikhin  abusing the socialists today?

They’re hardworking, commercial people, concerned with ‘universal happiness’… No, life is given to me only once, and never will be again– I don’t want to sit waiting for universal happiness,  I want to live myself; otherwise it’s better not to live at all Dostoevsky uses the point of view of a first person narrator to portray Raskolnikov’s need for justification of his murder in order to find inner peace. The protagonist has been at constant debate about whether or not he has performed a justified action. He manages to convince himself that by murdering the “principle” and not the person, he did not “step over” the morals that he strongly believes in as he was only doing it for the greater good of others.

Dostoevsky allows the audience to understand Raskolnikov’s thoughts so that they can feel that Raskolnikov has finally been able to let go of a part of the inner turmoil that has overcome him throughout the novel. “Let him, let him walk around meanwhile, let him; I know all the same that he’s my dear little victim and that he wont run away from me! Where is he going to run to, heh, heh!… What is it, to run away! A mere formality; that’s not the main thing; no, he won’t run away from me, not just because he has nowhere to run to: psychologically he won’t run away from me, heh, heh! A nice little phrase! He won’t run away on me by a law of nature, even if he has somewhere to run to.

Have you ever seen a moth near a candle? Well, so he’ll keep circling around me, circling around me, as around a candle; freedom will no longer be dear to him, he’ll fall to thinking, get entangled, he’ll tangle himself all up as in a net, he’ll worry Chindasook8 himself to death!… What’s more, he himself will prepare some sort of mathematical trick for me, something like two times two-if I merely allow him a slightly longer intermission… And he’ll keep on, he’ll keep on making circles around me, narrowing the radius more and more, and-whop! He’ll fly right into my mouth, and I’ll swallow him, sir, and that will be most agreeable, heh, heh, heh! ” Dostoevsky utilises Porfiry’s monologue to suggest that Porfiry knows that Raskolnikov is the killer and that the way to make him confess is to mess with his mind. The metaphor of the moth symbolises how Porfiry believes that Raskolnikov will eventually “worry himself to death” which will ultimately lead to a confession. Furthermore, Dostoevsky uses anaphora (“ he’ll keep circling around me”) to symbolise the various times that both have discussed about the murder, and that Raskolnikov has thought about confessing many times but hasn’t gone through with it yet. “God will forgive,’ Raskolnikov replied, and as soon as he uttered it, the tradesman bowed to him, not to the ground this time but from the waist, turned slowly, and walked out of the room. Everything’s double-ended, now everything’s double ended,’ Raskolnikov kept repeating, and he walked out of the room more cheerful than ever. ‘The struggle’s not over yet,’ he said with a spiteful grin, on his way down the stairs. The spite was directed at himself: with scorn and shame he looked back on his faintheartedness’” Raskolnikov is confused and does not know how to react to Nikolai’s confession to a murder that he didn’t commit. The juxtaposition of the “spiteful grin” accentuates how Raskolnikov feels that the right thing to do is to confess and therefore this situation where he is no longer suspected makes him feel relieved but ashamed of his “faintheartedness”.

The phrase “the struggle’s not over yet” enunciates how he still can’t shake the feeling of guilt and realises Chindasook9 that even though he was not convicted now, there is still a great possibility of him being convicted in the future as he is unable to live with the guilt and burden. “ I did not kill so that, having obtained means and power I could become a benefactor of mankind. Nonsense! I simply killed-killed for myself, for myself alone-and whether I would later become anyone’s benefactor, or would spend my life like a spider, catching everyone in my web and sucking the life-sap out of everyone, should at that moment have made no difference to me!…

And it was not money above all that I wanted when I killed, Sonya; not money so much as something else… I know all this now… Understand me: perhaps, continuing on the same path, I would never again repeat the murder. There was something else I wanted to know; something else was nudging my arm. I wanted to find out then, and find out quickly, whether I was a louse like all the rest, or a man? Would I be able to step over or not? Would I dare to reach down and take, or not? Am I a trembling creature or do I have a right… ” Dostoevsky uses a simile to compare Raskolnikov’s life with that of a spider’s to allow Raskolnikov to realise that the real motive behind the murders.

By having Raskolnikov confess to Sonya, the author enunciates the idea of Raskolnikov murdering for himself instead of the greater good of others as he initially told himself that he had murdered the pawn lady for her money, but hasn’t ever thought about the money once. Dostoevsky adds many elipses to show the protagonist’s train of thought in which he hasn’t fully understood why he did those things. Ultimately, Raskolnikov now realises that he does not have the right to murder another individual, contrary to his previous beliefs, and that he finally knows that his actions were more selfish than he wanted them to be. Chindasook10 How it happened he himself did not know, but suddenly it was as if something lifted him and flung him down at her feet.

He wept and embraced her knees. For the first moment she was terribly frightened, and her whole face went numb. She jumped up and looked at him, trembling. But all at once, in that same moment, she understood everything. Infinite happiness lit up in her eyes; she understood, and for her there was no longer any doubt that he loved her, loved her infinitely, and that at last the moment had come. . . . The significance of this moment is very personal as Sonya finally realises that Raskolnikov truly loves her. The moment is ironic as the tears that he shed symbolises both the grief over his sins and the joy that he has finally broken free from his social isolation.

The mood of the moment is that of melancholic joy as his newly discovered passion and love allows him to finally find a meaning to life, however he still needs to repent for his crimes. “Go at once, this very minute, stand at the cross-roads, bow down, first kiss the earth which you have defiled, and then bow down to all the world and say to all men aloud, ‘I am a murderer! ‘ Then God will send you life again. Will you go, will you go? After Raskolnikov admits that when he murdered the pawnbroker, he has discovered that his is indeed a “louse” like everyone else, and asks Sonya what to do. Sonya’s quote reveals how she truly cares for him and wants him to do the right thing.

Dostoevsky uses a hyperbole to allow the audience to see that Sonya is desperately trying to persuade Raskolnikov to repent his sins, as she asks him to “bow down to all the world”. This evokes pathos for Raskolnikov Chindasook11 as the sin he has committed is far too large to ask for forgiveness, and for Sonya as the man she loves has disappointed her to a great extent. “Actions are sometimes performed in a masterly and most cunning way, while the direction of the actions is deranged and dependent on various morbid impressions-it’s like a dream. ” Raskolnikov is surprised at the fact that he had just killed the pawnbroker, but even more so her step daughter.

Dostoevsky uses a simile to compare Raskolnikov’s actions to that of a dream to enunciate the disbelief that Raskolnikov is experiencing as he cannot believe that he had just committed the crime. “Life is real! Haven’t I lived just now? My life has not yet died with that old woman! The Kingdom of Heaven to her-and now enough, madam, leave me in peace! Now for the reign of reason and light… and of will, and of strength… and now we will see! We will try our strength! ” Raskolnikov realises that even if another person sins, it is unjust for one to end their lives as everyone deserves to live their lives the way they desire. As he speaks with Polenka, he convinces himself that although he has committed a crime, he too still deserves to live, and through will and strength he will make it through this situation.

The author uses___ to convey the fact that Raskolnikov still has hope in his life. “I see that I want nothing. Do you hear? Nothing at all . . . no one’s services . . . no one’s sympathy. I am by myself . . . alone. Come, that’s enough. Leave me alone. After Raskolnikov buries the goods he stole from the pawn broker, he decides to visit his friend Razumihin. Initially, it seems as though he wanted to ask his friend for advice about the murders, however he quickly decides against it. Dostoevsky uses anaphora to accentuate Chindasook12 how isolated the protagonist feels at this moment, thus depicting the beginning of his spiral downwards into guilt.

The repetition of the word “alone” displays the use of and further enunciates his isolation. “Early one evening during an exceptional heat wave in the beginning of July, a young man walked out into the street from the little room he rented from tenants on S. Place and slowly almost irresolutely, set off in the direction of K. Bridge. Dostoevsky describes the protagonist’s walking as “slowly” and “irresolutely”, suggesting that Raskolnikov is still uncertain about murdering the pawnbroker, thus depicting that he still has doubts and uncertainties in his mind about the situation. The setting is also portrayed as that of an intense feeling, thus suggesting the effect of the burden that the situation has on the protagonist. …all is in a man’s hands and he lets it all slip from cowardice, that’s an axiom. It would be interesting to know what it is men are most afraid of. ” The author uses aphorism to convey Raskolnikov’s thought that men are actually capable of doing what they desire, however the thing that holds them back are their fears. Dostoevsky uses a first person narrator in this instance to allow the audience to understand the protagonist’s thoughts and understand that the protagonist is wondering what man’s greatest fear is, thus conveying the tone of doubt which suggests irresolute feelings. “But I can’t know the Divine Providence. . . . And why do you ask what can’t be answered? What’s the use of such foolish questions?

How could it happen that it should depend on my decision–who has made me a judge to decide who is to live and who is not to live? Chindasook13 This shows that Sonya doesn’t believe in Raskolnikov’s theory about how some men are more “extraordinary” than others. Dostoevsky uses analogy to compare the actions of Raskolnikov as one who believes he is a “Divine Providence”. Furthermore, the author uses allusion to enunciate how farfetched the situation is, that Sonya does have a point as one does not deserve the right to play God. The rhetorical questions also further emphasise how she is trying to persuade him to change his mind and believe her, as his theory is clearly arguable. “Pain and suffering are always inevitable for a large intelligence and a deep heart.

The really great men must, I think, have great sadness on earth. ” Pain and suffering are constant themes that are present throughout the novel. Dostoevsky uses Sonya is a symbol to represent this motif as every time Raskolnikov talks to her, she seems to express sympathy for Raskolnikov and experience suffering from watching someone she loves commit a crime. Raskolnikov believed that Extraordinary Men are vulnerable to suffering as well, as they have a greater understanding of their actions, thus he believes that it is himself that suffers the most as no one else understands why he did what he did. “The darker the night, the brighter the stars, The deeper the grief, the closer is God! ”

Dostoevsky uses anaphora to foreshadow that there is still hope for the protagonist as he has now began his descend into the downward spiral of guilt and dismay. He struggles with the debate of whether or not a confession would be the right thing to do, of whether he would rather live a life trapped by the secret that he holds, or die by admitting to the crime thus writing his own death sentence. Juxtaposition is also used to convey the idea that there is still hope for everyone, even in their darkest moments. Chindasook14 And the more I drink the more I feel it. That’s why I drink too. I try to find sympathy and feeling in drink…. I drink so that I may suffer twice as much! ” The repetition of “drink” suggests that this is a daily routine for Marmeladov.

This quote enunciates the character’s inability to feel emotionally connected to the rest of society, and thus turns to drinking to help him feel some sort of emotion. The repetition of the word “drink” also suggests that Marmeladov feels emotionally isolated everyday of his life, and therefore evokes pathos for the the character, as the audience realises that Marmeladov is unable to feel these emotions, thus may not know the extent of his actions at times. “What did they amount to, all those torments! Everything–even his crime, even sentence and exile–seemed to him now, in his first outburst of feeling, strange and superficial, as though it had not actually happened to him… Life replaced logic, and in his consciousness something quite different now had to elaborate and articulate itself. ”

This quote suggests that Raskolnikov is trying to overcome his social anxiety, that he has finally shed a new light on the situation that he is in. He ceases his search for the “new word” and attempts to accept the true word instead. Dostoevsky creates a tone of hope through the phrase “life replaced logic”, which suggests that Raskolnikov is now able to feel emotions A loose sentence is also used in to enunciate how difficult it was for the protagonist to feel these emotions and how all the suffering had amounted to this sudden clarity. Chindasook15 “When reason fails, the devil helps! ” As Raskolnikov thought he couldn’t obtain the axe, he notices the axe underneath a bench, and therefore causes him to exclaim this claim.

This quote also foreshadows the sin that he is about to commit, and also implies that the action is not backed by reason, but is rather influenced by the “devil”. “Well, if he’s proud of it, he has reason, I don’t deny it. You seem to be offended, sister, at my making only such a frivolous criticism on the letter, and to think that I speak of such trifling matters on purpose to annoy you. It is quite the contrary, an observation apropos of the style occurred to me that is by no means irrelevant as things stand. There is one expression, ‘blame yourselves’ put in very significantly and plainly, and there is besides a threat that he will go away at once if I am present.

That threat to go away is equivalent to a threat to abandon you both if you are disobedient, and to abandon you now after summoning you to Petersburg. Well, what do you think? Can one resent such an expression from Luzhin, as we should if he (he pointed to Razumihin) had written it, or Zossimov, or one of us? ” When the protagonist receives his mothers letter, he despises the situation that is happening to his family. Raskolnikov’s mood suggests that detests being unable to help himself, as he refuses to accept his mother’s pension. The news that his sister is getting married to Pyotr upsets him, because he knows that Pyotr is simply using the family’s poverty to gain a “legal concubine”. Raskolnikov also reveals in this chapter that he has a large amount of pride in himself. Chindasook16

For that’s Katerina Ivanovna’s character, and when children cry, even from hunger, she falls to beating them at once. Even though Katerina is constantly portrayed as a heartless character, this line evokes pathos for her. This is due to the fact that her kids remain loyal to her and despite the way that she treats them, they still love her. Her abuse is portrayed as indications of her illness and her poverty, therefore she is not entirely monstrous, however he conditions have forced her to become this way. “No, mother, it shall never be, not whilst I live. I will not have it. ” This quote shows Raskolnikov’s attitude towards Dunya’s engagement. It reveals Raskolnikov’s pride for himself.

The devoting actions of his mother and sister who were willing to make sacrifices for him may be interpreted as a contribution towards his haughtiness. This reaction to Dunya’s engagement further accentuates his egotism as he disregards the possibility that Dunya could be marrying Luzhin to provide a better life for her and her mother, and automatically assumes that she is marrying Luzhin for his sake. Good-bye, till we meet then—I embrace you warmly, warmly, with many kisses. Yours till death, PULCHERIA RASKOLNIKOV. This reveals that Pulcheria really loves her son, and that a major part of his identity relies on her success as being a parent, therefore when she learns about the crimes that her son has committed, her identity is shattered.

Pulcheria callously foreshadows her death in the letter through the sign off, and also declares how much she loves her son. ‘ So it is true that men going to execution are passionately interested in any object they chance to see on the way. ‘ Chindasook17 Dostoevsky uses a first person narrator to allow the audience to see the attitude that Raskolnikov has towards coming close to being executed. This quote suggests that men who are about to be executed tend to have a greater appreciation towards common things, and will cling onto anything that will give them hope. But of that – of that he [Raskolnikov] had no recollection, and yet every minute he felt that he had forgotten something he ought to remember.

He worried and tormented himself trying to remember. As Raskolnikov awakens from his illness, his reality is seemingly confused as he apparently has forgotten the things that he wishes he would forget. Dostoevsky foreshadows how the situation is tormenting the protagonist, and accentuates the guilt that lies within his thoughts because even though he seems to not remember, he still feels as if he’s forgetting something. “His thoughts strayed aimlessly…. He found it hard to fix his mind on anything at that moment. He longed to forget himself altogether, to forget everything, and then to wake up and begin life anew…” Dostoevsky portrays the protagonist as being lost in his thoughts.

He conveys the conflict that Raskolnikov is experiencing through the ellipsis, suggesting that Raskolnikov is deep in thought and trying to prolong his time to think about this. Paradox is used between how his thoughts strayed aimlessly yet he longed to forget them, enunciating the fact that he feels conflicted with the situation that is in. “I did not bow down to you [Sonia], I bowed down to all the suffering of humanity,” he said wildly and walked away to the window. Chindasook18 At first appearance, Raskolnikov seems to be romantically deatched to Sonya. He frequently displays these types of comments right after he throws himself at her feet, which often happens a lot.

However, this quote shows that Raskolnikov views Sonya as a symbol of everyoby’s suffering. “Even as it is, she was quite right: she was suffering and that was her asset, so to speak, her capital which she had a perfect right to dispose of. ” Semyonovitch views Sonya;s prostitution differently to the others. He analyses her proceedings as a practical action to help herself alleviate the suffering. Dostoevsky uses a loose sentence to convey this, as Semyonovitch believes that the suffering of prostitution is a better alternative to the suffering of starving. Allow me to ask you another question out of simple curiosity: have you ever spent a night on a hay barge, on the Neva?

Marmeladov lets Raskolnikov know that his home life is so unbearable, that he would rather leave and sleep out on the streets. This conveys the theme of the problems in a household, and accentuates the fact that the crisis in is home is caused by none other than himself. Marmeladov knows this fact, yet does not know how to turn this around. And, of course, too, he [Pyotr Petrovitch Luzhin] did love Dunya in his own way; he already possessed her in his dreams – and all at once! No! The next day, the very next day, it must all be set right, smoothed over, settled This reveals that Luzhin needs a reality check due to the fact that his fantasy of Dunya is by far removed from the reality of the situation. Dostoevsky uses dramatic irony to convey this. Chindasook19

Furthermore, Dostoevsky gives the character a form of his own reality check by shortly removing Luzhin from the novel without any explanation. “Surely it isn’t beginning already! Surely it isn’t my punishment coming upon me? It is! ” Just after the murder, Raskolnikov is fixated over the possible evidence that he left by committing his crime. Dostoevsky uses the phrase “coming upon me” as a metaphor to suggest that his punishment is being indicated by a force of justice, possibly God, thus also meaning that allusion was also used to convey God. Another interpretation could also be that Raskolnikov is personifying punishment as a force of justice itself. “Good God! ” [Katerina] cried with flashing eyes, “is there no justice upon earth? Whom should you protect if not us orphans? “

Dostoevsky emphasises the theme of the lack of justice for children, predominantly orphans, throughout the novel. This attitude allows the reader to relate to the story as everyone is familiar with the concept of the life of an orphan. This is a particularly well chosen example due to the fact that it is difficult to find a concept where “fairness” and “justice” have meaning. “You must fulfill the demands of justice. I know that you don’t believe it, but indeed, life will bring you through. You will live it down in time. What you need now is fresh air, fresh air, fresh air! ” The repetition of fresh air enunciates the urge for Raskolnikov to start a fresh. Fresh air” is used as a symbol to portray the fresh air of hard labour in the Siberian prison camp, which seems to be beneficial for Raskolnikov. This quote shows that Porfiry uses a metaphor to try Chindasook20 to convince Raskolnikov that by serving criminal justice, he can provide himself with a sense of personal justice, which will allow him to begin a new life. It was only in that that he [Raskolnikov] recognised his criminality, only in the fact that he had been unsuccessful and had confessed it. Although Raskolnikov never actually admits to regretting his actions of injustice before prison, there is a copious amount of evidence to argue an implied regret. Nonetheless, at this moment, the protagonist still views Alyona and Lizaveta as creatures instead of humans.

This is shown through him stating his inability to bring a positive connotation to the murders, thus leading him to confessing, and establishing the murders as crimes as well as establishing himself as a criminal. “Am I to get married simply for the sake of the furniture? ” Dostoevsky uses an anecdote to create a humourous affect to allow the reader to emphatise with Luzhin at this moment in the novel. This anecdote conveys the fact that Luzhin has gone through quite some trouble to set up a nice home for Dunya, however he wants her there as a slave, thus conveying the irony in the anecdote. “He was one of the numerous and varied legion of dullards, of half-animated abortions, conceited, half-educated coxcombs, who attach themselves to the idea most in fashion only to vulgarize it and who caricature every cause they serve, however sincerely. ”

They [Raskolnikov and Sonia] were renewed by love; the heart of each held infinite sources of life for the heart of the other. Chindasook21 This quote shows juxtaposition from the rest of the novel. Dostoevsky gave the audience the ending that was hoped for, and accentuated the motif that there is hope for everyone in the end. Furthermore, this also enunciates the strength of the bond that Raskolnikov and Sonya have for each other, and that Sonya was faithful and had been willing to suffer and wait for the only man she truly loves. “There is nothing in the world more difficult than candor, and nothing easier than flattery. If there is a hundredth of a fraction of a false note to candor, it immediately produces dissonance, and as a result, exposure.

But in flattery, even if everything is false down to the last note, it is still pleasant, and people will listen not without pleasure; with coarse pleasure, perhaps, but pleasure nevertheless. ” Svidrigailov is highly competent in the ways of seduction, and his actions horrify Raskolnikov. Dostoevsky uses juxtaposition in the phrase to accentuate the difference between flattery and candor, and the irony in which people tend to appreciate flattery more than candor, even if they realise that flattery is just a way of trying to get someone to do something that one desires. “But at the same time he knew now and knew for certain that, although it filled her with dread and suffering, yet she had a tormenting desire to read and to read to him that he might hear it, and to read now whatever might come of it! ”

This quote may seem very perplexing at first glance, however, it further accentuates Sonya’s symbolism to suffering, as even a simple task of reading to Raskolnikov causes her to suffer. She is portrayed to be terrified of reading to him; yet she badly wants to do so. This also Chindasook22 further accentuates Sonya’s love for Raskolnikov as she tries her best to please him. Furthermore, since Raskolnikov was one of Sonya’s father’s only friends at the end of his life, she can also share in mouring her father by reading o Raskolnikov. “I am all over covered with blood” When Raskolnikov talks to the police magistrate, he means both literally and figuratively. He had just helped out with Marmeladov’s accident, which covered him in blood, and was figuratively covered in blood from murdering Alyona.

Dostoevsky uses this to convey the internal conflict in which Raskolnikov is experiencing, thus portraying irony, as he essentially comes very close to confessing to a police officer about his crime. “I’ve just been kissed by someone who, if I had killed anyone, would just the same… in fact I saw someone else there… with a flame-coloured feather. ” Raskolnikov had just kissed Polenka, Sonya’s sister, and this quote suggests Rasklnikov’s attraction to Sonya. Sonya has made such a big impression on Raskolnikov as even when he kissed Polenka, he “saw someone else there”. Dostoevsky uses the metaphor of the flame coloured feathers to convey vivid imagery and imply that Sonya has remained in Raskolnikov’s mind as an attractive person. I used to analyse myself down to the last thread, used to compare myself with others, recalled all the smallest glances, smiles and words of those to whom I’d tried to be frank, interpreted everything in a bad light, laughed viciously at my attempts ‘to be like the rest’ –and suddenly, in the midst of my laughing, I’d give way to sadness, fall into ludicrous despondency and once again start the whole process all over again – in short, I went round and round like a squirrel on a wheel. ”  Chindasook23 Dostoevsky uses a simile at the end of this quote to emphasise the infinite cycle that the protagonist experiences through being trapped by comparison. The phrase “used to” conveys the fact that he is now looking back on his negative thoughts and reflecting on the type of person he used to be, suggesting that he has now moved on from this point in life.

The irony in the phrase “laughed viciously at my attempts to be like the rest” further emphasises that he felt innately excluded from the rest of society, and the juxtaposition between laughing and sadness further accentuates the idea in which Raskolnikov is at the two extremes of insanity, implying that he was not like everyone else. “I do not withdraw from my chief point. It is me or Luzhin. If I am a scoundrel, you must not be. One is enough. If you marry Luzhin, I cease at once to look on you as a sister. ” Raskolnikov takes on the stereotypical role of the protective big brother in this instance. He believes that his sister deserves better than Luzhin, which also implies that he furtively believes that no one is good enough for his sister. His egocentric behaviour also suggests he believes that his sister is doing this for the sole purpose of alleviating his suffering and thus feels like he is responsible for his sister’s suffering in the future. I am Rodion Romanovitch Raskolnikov, formerly a student, Ilive in Shil’s house, not far from here, flat Number 14, ask the porter, he knows me. ” Raskolnikov said all this in a lazy,dreamy voice, not turning round, but looking intently into the darkening street. This quote foreshadows Raskolnikov’s descend into the guilt that the murder has caused him. Dostoevsky uses the darkening street as a metaphor to convey that the future that lies ahead for Raskolnikov is a dark and unsettling place, and he needs to find a way to get out of it. Moreover, the fact that Raskolnikov answers the answers the question in a very lethargic way Chindasook24 implies that he has not yet realised the extent of his actions, and the word “dreamy” suggests that he does not believe that this is reality yet.

There was lack of precaution on both sides, however, for Porfiry Petrovitch seemed to be laughing in his visitor’s face and to be very little disturbed at the annoyance with which the visitor received it. The latter fact was very significant in Raskolnikov’s eyes: he saw that Porfiry Petrovitch had not been embarrassed just before either, but that he, Raskolnikov, had perhaps fallen into a trap; that there must be something, some motive here unknown to him; that, perhaps, everything was in readiness and in another moment would break upon him . . As Raskolnikov discloses to Porfiry that he realises the type of “cat and mouse” game that he is playing, Porfiry attempts to detain Raskolnikov by evealing that he knows things about the protagonist, such as his trip to the crime scene. This suggests that Porfiry presumably knows more that he lets on, and has the authority to arrest Raskolnikov at any time, thus implying that Porfiry is doing this out of a “sincere liking” for Raskolnikov and to make the protagonist aware of the error in his theory. “It matters nothing, sir. This wagging of heads does not discountenance me, for all these things are already known to everybody and all secrets are revealed, and I bear myself in this matter with humility, not with scorn. Suffer them, suffer them! ‘Behold the man! ’ Allow me to ask, young man, can you . . . say with conviction that I am not a swine? ”

Dostoevsky portrays many allusions through the character of Marmeladov, he seems to be the connection of the story to biblical parallels. Many lines in this quote correlate with biblical parallels, as in the paradox of the Christian story, it is when Marmeladov has nothing left which is the moment that he puts his faith in the hands of God. Chindasook25 No, Dunechka, I see it all, and I know . . . what you were thinking of, while you paced the room all night, and what you prayed for, kneeling before the icon of Our Lady of Kazan in mama’s room. The way to Golgotha is hard Dostoevsky’s story contains a sacrificial victim obtaining money earned from public degradation of her body.

Sonya’s offering of her own body for a public offering creates an allusion which correlates to the bodily sacrifice of Jesus’ public death on the cross. Moreover, this biblical parallel is further accentuated by Raskolnikov’s sister, Dunya, who intends to marry a terribly unsophisticated character, Luzhin, for the sake of her family. “[Svidrigailov’s] evil-doings could not be of the same kind. ” Here we see that Raskolnikov is confused, after his confession to Sonya, the protagonist is suddenly drawn to Svidrigailov without realising that he represents an aspect of the protagonist’s character. Svidrigailov has recurrently affirmed that they had something in common, thus making Raskolnikov feel as if they have a bond, even though he despises Svidrigailov for his flirtatious ways.

However, this thought made Raskolnikov rather repulsed by thinking of Sonya, as he feels for her differently than how Svidrigailov treats his women, and eventually attempts to convince himself that even though he murdered someone, they sin differently to each other as Raskolnikov still is able to experience the feelings of love for another being. Chindasook26 “He is morose, gloomy, proud and haughty, and of late — and perhaps for a long time before — he has been suspicious and fanciful. He has a noble nature and a kind heart; he does not like showing his feelings and would rather do a cruel thing than open his heart freely. . . It’s as though he were alternating between two characters. ” In a morbid condition, dreams are often distinguished by their remarkably graphic, vivid, and extremely lifelike quality. The resulting picture is sometimes monstrous, but the setting and the whole process of the presentation sometimes happen to be so probable, and with details so subtle, unexpected, yet artistically consistent with the whole fullness of the picture, that even the dreamer himself would be unable to invent them in reality, though he were as much an artist as Pushkin or Turgenev. Such dreams, morbid dreams, are always long remembered and produce a strong impression on the disturbed and already excited organism of the person. Raskolnikov had a terrible dream. ”

Such dreams, morbid dreams, are always long remembered and produce a strong impression on the disturbed and already excited organism of the person – this indicates his guilt as well as inner turmoil to which “morbid dreams” disturb his sub conscious state. The resulting picture is sometimes monstrous, but the setting and the whole process of the presentation sometimes happen to be so probable, and with details so subtle, unexpected, yet artistically consistent with the whole fullness of the picture, that even the dreamer himself would be unable to invent them in reality. The horrors committed are so malevolent and wrong that it is hard to fathom as reality.

The word subtle is an oxymoron as the deed itself is not subtle but manifests itself in dreams as a subtle sign of guilt. Chindasook27 “What do you think? ” shouted Razumihin, louder than ever, “you think I am attacking them for talking nonsense? Not a bit! I like them to talk nonsense. That’s man’s one privilege over all creation. Through error you come to the truth! I am a man because I err! You never reach any truth without making fourteen mistakes and very likely a hundred and fourteen. And a fine thing, too, in its way; but we can’t even make mistakes on our own account! Talk nonsense, but talk your own nonsense, and I’ll kiss you for it.

To go wrong in one’s own way is better than to go right in someone else’s. In the first case you are a man, in the second you’re no better than a bird. Truth won’t escape you, but life can be cramped. There have been examples. And what are we doing now? In science, development, thought, invention, ideals, aims, liberalism, judgment, experience and everything, everything, everything, we are still in the preparatory class at school. We prefer to live on other people’s ideas, it’s what we are used to! Am I right, am I right? ” cried Razumihin, pressing and shaking the two ladies’ hands. ”  The fact that raskolikov was “watching her and following her at her heels” indicates a perverse compulsion and obsession.

His lingering on her actions and words suggests that not only is he in love with her, but there is also a deeper and darker side to his affections and alluded to in his passion towards her. The fact that the protagonist struggles to not “betray his interest” also suggests that he is mentally and physically devoted to her; an obsession of sorts as he has to remind himself and consistently restrain himself. Furthermore the fact that he “walked on more slowly as though waiting for something” undermines his rampant desires, in truth, he walks slower to catch glimpses of Sonia; his erratic behavior is a result of his ‘love’ and passion towards her. This is ironically shown through the tone and pace of his movement that is slow, in contrast to his emotions that are very much active.

Lesson 1:

1. Raskolnikov lives under the roof directly above his landlady in a small, tight garret surrounded by dusty yellow wallpaper and with nothing but a “clumsy” couch, an unlevel table with three unpainted chairs, and a few books covered in dust from abandonment. The area where he resides in could be described as the lower end of the socio-economic spectrum. The inhabitants include drunkards, prostitutes, and tradesman.

2. Environmental factors such as these breed a despondent outlook on life and a reticent behavior that only sink one’s mind.

3.Raskolnikov possesses two opposing sides of his personality; and the selfish. His compassionate side led him to leave money for Marmeladov’s family and lead him to care about the young drunk woman that he tried to save from a rapist. However, his more selfish side caused him to reprimand himself for “wasting” money on the Marmeladovs and on the drunken stranger. Both aspects of himself create an inner struggle that will most likely continue throughout the story.

4. Marmeladov can be described as in his early fifties, average height, solid build and sparsely balding.

Similar article:

His wife Katherine Ivanovna possesses a delicate, proportionate, slim, tall body at the age of thirty, she still retains brown color in her hair, and her cheeks have red stains from the disease she has. From her previous marriage she gave birth to three children a little boy and two girls. Her oldest child has the age of nine and appears tall and thin. The little boy, the middle child, has just the description of a year older than the youngest child who is six. Marmeladov‘s only child Sonia has the description of in her teenage years.

5.I believe others should take pity on Marmeladov instead of despising him because he has shown regret and condemns himself. His character proved weak when he could not keep himself from his drinking problem. He feels remorse from taking his family’s only money to spend it on himself for a selfish reason but his action in returning home to face reproach from his wife gives a feeling of pity.

6. Although I understand Katerina Ivanovna’s anxiety I do not sympathize with her. I do not think I would react the way she has. My reaction would focus on finding a job or another means of income. Her actions benefit no one and for that I cannot sympathize.

7. Yes, Katerina’s background makes her present situation much more tragic because she had never experienced such hardships before. If she had grown in a humble environment she would have felt a lesser loss and she would have accepted her life a lot more easily.

8. In Dostoyevsky’s novel the pawnbroker falls under unsympathetic terms.

9. Raskolnikov appears as physically attractive with his dark eyes, blond hair, above average height and well built body though with the exception of his garb.

10.Raskolnikov and the pawnbroker have ironic descriptions because the two contradict each other; the pawnbroker has richness while Raskolnikov needs money. Even their descriptions oppose each other one being young and attractive and the other aged though both dress similarly.

11. The character’s actions determine whether they become likeable or not.

12. From her actions Sonia can be described as likeable because she sacrificed her virginity for persons she was not related to by blood. Moreover, she continues to give them money aside from leaving her home to keep them safe. Her altruism shows only her benevolent character.

13. Mr.Luzhin appears to be likeable from his visits to Dounia. And based on the mother’s letter he seems a sensible man by the way he has handled the situation. His accepting of the possibility in giving Raskolnikov a job and helping Duonia and her mother with their luggage shipping. But nevertheless not enough events have occurred to categorize Mr. Luzhin definitely. 14. Raskolnikov opposes Dounia’s proposed marriage because he believes his sister will marry to save him from his economical situation. 15. Raskolnikov loves his family so much that he will not allow his sister to marry a man in order to improve his living conditions.

He, instead, would continue living the way he has to protect his sister. And his writing to his mother also serves to prove his affection. 16. He juxtaposes his sister’s marriage to Sonia’s prostitution because in return for themselves they receive monetary support. 17. I believe the comparison accurate but other even if one will live respectfully and the other will face derision. 18. Marfa Petrovna, in response to Dounia’s rejection letter to her husband Svidrigailov, proceeds to clear Duonia’s name of all infamy as well as personally apologizing. 9. Raskolnikov occupied himself as a law student and a tutor. 20. Because Raskolnikov found no means to support himself he discontinued his studies. 21. The most outstanding character trait is weakness. Raskolnikov does not posse the ability to fight any and every obstacle in order to carry on. 22. After having drank some vodka at a pub Raskolnikov walks to Petrovsky Island where he begins to feel the effects of the liquor and so he travels a little further to bushes and goes into a stupor. During his stupor Raskolnikov dreams of his childhood.

In the dream he pictured his father and himself walking from a cemetery where his grandmother and younger brother rested just outside of their town near an old tavern. While passing by the old tavern a ruckus called Raskolnikov’s attention the commotion was due to a group of drunkards who coming out of the tavern proceeded to climb onto a wagon attached to an old mare to pull. The man named Mikolka wanted to prove to everyone that his mare could pull them and he began to whip the mare for encouragement but when it became clear that the horse could not he inconsiderately beat the animal all the more harshly.

Two other men took up the beat as well. At the sight of everything young Raskolnikov attempts to do something for the mare by running to it and it the action receives a blow to his face but does not give in not even when a woman tries to lead him away. Meanwhile the owner Mikolka takes out a shaft and strikes four times unable to kill the miserable animal until he finally brings out a crowbar to finish the animals suffering with two more blows. Raskolnikov feels for the defenseless animal so much that he kisses its bloody face and then turns to attack the man that dealt it so much pain but just before he can his father carries him away. 3. The dream symbolizes the act that Raskolnikov has had in mind to commit murder. It foreshadows both the murder and his reaction after he commits the crime. The vivid description of the horrible beating of the mare implies the same fate of the pawnbroker. And the way he acted as a child illustrates the unimaginable grief he will both feel and have to deal with after the act. 24. Raskolnikov overhears Lizaveta and the peddler’s wife talking about their plans for the following day where they will be away at seven leaving the pawnbroker alone at home.

Lesson 2 1. Coincidence plays the role of justification to Raskolnikov’s murders. He believes that because so many coincidences come about that fate wants him to murder the pawnbroker; he sees fate as a motivator. 2. The first ironic remarks in chapter six are said by the student Raskolnikov overhears talking to the police officer. He speaks of a better world without the pawnbroker by reasoning that she does more harm than good and yet what he suggests (to have someone kill her) completely contradicts to a “better world. As he continues his conversation with the officer he states, “I am for justice,” however, no fairness exists when he decides from his own judgment that someone should kill the pawnbroker. Within this same conversation the officer, who holds the job to protect the people, agrees with the student when he says the pawnbroker should die. And towards the end of chapter six Raskolnikov expresses his strong conviction in his acts when he says, “if judgment fails, the devil takes a hand. Dostoyevsky inputs situational irony having his character believe that he still possesses common sense in committing a murder meanwhile the reader of a lucid mind knows otherwise. In the first chapter of the second part Nastasia refers to the torn, blood-stained rags Raskolnikov holds as “treasures” when she find him sleeping while holding them, little does Nastasia know that the rags hold a heavy burden. 3. From the very moment Raskolnikov began to think of his crime he said he would take great care and use logic throughout his actions but as he commits the crime he finds himself losing his mind.

He misses large details like assuming he would take the ax without any problems and leaving the door open. Not only that but Raskolnikov believed that he was predestined to kill Aliona with good reason but to the contrary he had to plan things (the pledge, the needle, the sling, etc. ) and in the end he killed Lizaveta without any justification. 4. Raskolnikov acts irrational. 5. Raskolnikov loses his ability to conform to time’s movement after the murders of the two women. 6. If one feels guilty sleep provides an outlet. During sleep the body uses the time to recover and to repair itself.

Dreams manifest themselves when the mind becomes afflicted so that one can find a way mend the situation. 7. Guilt has the effect of causing irritability, feelings of remorse, depression, anxiety, dejection, and lack of peace. 8. Most people need to unload themselves from their guilt whether by confession, retribution, or punishment. 9. Raskolnikov demonstrates his need for confession and punishment. After he went back into the anteroom while Koch and the heavier man stood outside the door trying to enter Raskolnikov had thoughts to yell from behind the door so that the men would come in and find him.

And while at the police station Raskolnikov remains in his seat after he resolved the I. O. U. issue to admit the crime he committed the day before to Nikodim Fomich the police chief. 10. He takes them and at first places them in the wall of his living quarters behind wallpaper but later decides against it and takes his spoils to a courtyard near Voznesensky Prospect to hide under a large stone. 11. Raskolnikov murdered the old pawnbroker with wishes to do well to others and dedicate the money from the crime to the less fortunate.

He did want to rob the woman but for a better cause. 12. Raskolnikov suffers as a result of his action because his mind clutters with insecurity and inability to deal with his crime. Dissimilar to the way he had predicted the outcome Raskolnikov cannot live with the guilt of taking two lives and his subconscious begins to haunt him. 13. Guilt can be both constructive and destructive. Guilt can serve as a motive for someone to help others as a way of dealing with the remorse but it can also eat away at a person and in the long term damage a person psychologically. 14.

Guilt can be healthy when it teaches right from wrong but it escalates to unhealthy once it begins to harm in such a way that the feelings become uncontrollable. 15. Raskolnikov cannot regain control of his thoughts and his behavior at Razumihin’s apartment shows his self-punishment by refusing work and company to alleviate his situation. 16. Raskolnikov goes to Razumihin’s apartment because he had settled on going after he committed the murders and also in search of work. Lesson 3 1. Raskolnikov’s foil Razumihin possesses characteristics like optimism and determination which Raskolnikov lacks when he falls to hard economic pressure.

But even though not perfect compared to Luzhin the snobbish proposed brother-in-law Raskolnikov seems a better person the murder put aside. 2. Raskolnikov only shows interest in the murder case of the pawnbroker and her sister. 3. If Raskolnikov had the opportunity to narrate the story then the majority of the story would lack certainty. Though the first person point of view does include further sensory for the reader the storyline would lose an unbiased view of all the other characters. 4. Razumihin’s character possesses qualities such as selfless, friendly, kind, and above all cheerful. 5.

Razumihin shows his amity and concern for Raskolnikov by searching for his friend after a fight, by taking care of Raskolnikov when he took ill, by buying his friend new clothes when he needed them, by talking to the landlady about the money due, and by trying to enliven his friend after his illness. 6. Raskolnikov’s delirious ravings reveal his deep repentance and constant suffering for his crime. 7. Razumihin believes that Nikolay did not commit the murders because he thinks the murderer while trying to escape dropped the box of earring inside the room Nikolay and Dmitry painted during the time they left. . Razumihin’s thought process shows his ability to piece information together and proves he does not follow the crowd. 9. Luzhin acts rather pretentious and displays excessive self-importance. 10. Raskolnikov detests Luzhin from the moment he speaks and treats him briskly so as to make him leave. 11. Dostoevsky portrays Raskolnikov with more sympathy as opposed to Luzhin. 12. Dostoevsky seems to value sincere, sympathetic and benevolent persons. 13. From his book Dostoevsky describes conceited and condescending characters in unflattering lighting. 14.

While at the bar with Zametov Raskolnikov fights an inner battle between confessing to his crime and not letting anyone know. He hints at the crime after Zametov sat at his table because the part of himself that wants to tell the truth cannot keep from suffering until then. However, at the conclusion of their conversation Raskolnikov has played with Zametov’s thoughts that he throws away all possibility of accusing Raskolnikov as the murder. 15. Raskolnikov provokes the murder conversation as soon as Zametov approaches him. 16. Based upon his behavior at the bar, Raskolnikov acts like a coward.

Often times through his discussion he leads up to a point but never clearly states his thoughts, he tends to play around the topic leading Zametov to a conclusion but in the end changing his goal. He is too afraid to directly confess and instead tries to allow other s to see the reality but at the last moment chooses to run away from the issue. He also likes to seclude him to reflect. He sequesters himself to think out his plans, judgments, and uncertainty. 17. Raskolnikov following the tavern incident with Zametov goes to the pawnbroker’s old apartment. 8. An example of situational irony becomes evident when the doctor comes to aid the injured Marmeladov and instead of helping speeds up his death by having him bled out. And an example of verbal irony presents itself when Raskolnikov hints at murdering the two women to Zometov in order to free himself of all suspicion. Lesson 4: 1. The way Katerina Ivanovna reacts to her husband’s death enlightens her persona; she cares deeply for him or at the very least holds a caring heart when she does not refuse him in her home.

Although she alleged she was glad he died her actions betray her because she forces everyone to leave her husband alone so that his death may be respected. Moreover Katerina sends Polia to search for Sonia so that her husband can see her one last time. She cares about her husband but also cannot forget that he has hurt her and her family. 2. Luzhin’s letter reveals his spiteful character. I think he lied and sent his lackey because of the way Raskolnikov treated him. He not only tries to force the family to break from each other but also allows himself an easy escape from the proposal.

Also, his report on the scene at Marmeladov’s home seems purposely dishonest probably with the intention of hurting Raskolnikov character in his mother and sister’s eyes. 3. Marmeladov’s attempted suicide incites feelings inside Raskolnikov that lead him to help the man and his family. Helping the family causes Raskolnikov to feel like he has a purpose and also allows him to amend for his crime. I believe that when Raskolnikov gave Katerina the kopecks for the funeral in his mind he recalled the purpose of killing the pawnbroker. 4. Due to her lifestyle Sonia dresses in an irregular manner.

When she appeared at Marmeladov’s home she wore a long gaudy silk dress with a train alongside her bright colored shoes and her ridiculous parasol in addition to her straw hat with a red feather. She has blonde hair and blue eyes and her thin, pale physique describe her as very pretty despite her garb. 5. Dounia and her brother posses like character qualities; they are very proud, intelligent, and headstrong. Lesson 5 1. Sonia’s reaction to the polite behavior of Raskolnikov’s family reveals that she does not value herself as a person because of her lifestyle. 2. The fifty-year-old newcomer to St.

Petersburg lives in a room next to Sonia’s; in Madame Gertrude Karlovna Resslich’s. 3. From a strategic point, the playful manner that Raskolnikov and Razumikhin entered Porfiry’s room proves effective because the atmosphere inside the room lightens to Raskolnikov’s favor so that his nerves do not give him away, the scene also serves to distract Porfiry from interrogating Raskolnikov and strengthen the feelings of Razumikhin toward his friend. 4. Because Porfiry acts in a happy, sociable manner but yet his facial expressions and the manner in which he looks at persons shows a clear contradiction. 5.

When Porfiry repeated the words “ordinary” and “extraordinary” Raskolnikov became aware that Porfiry wanted to challenge his views and investigate whether he thought he qualified as part of the “extraordinary” persons exempt from law. 6. Raskolnikov’s main points From his article in the Periodical Review are: “extraordinary” and “ordinary” persons exist, the “extraordinary” can take lives for a worthy cause, and the “masses” will always punish those who commit murder no matter the reason. 7. The fact that Porfiry read and studied Raskolnikov’s article reveals that he not only suspects Raskolnikov but that he also has a clever mind. . No, Porfiry does not question Raskolnikov in a traditional police manner. 9. Yes, Porfiry acted sarcastically in his discussion about Raskolnikov’s theory. 10. Porfiry does not appear as a formidable opponent at first. 11. Porfiry’s friendly disposition can very likely cause a criminal to mistrust him and act all the more fearful. 12. Porfiry’s lighthearted manner gives way when he asks Raskolnikov whether he thinks himself as an “extraordinary” man who could take the lives of others for enlightenment. 13. I believe Porfiry categorized Raskolnikov as a suspect. 14.

Razumikhin’s reaction to Porfiry’s question about the painters further describes his character as loyal. 15. Porfiry asks Raskolnikov if he believed in Lazarus rising from the dead to test his beliefs. 16. As he walks home Raskolnikov encounters a stranger who calls him a murder. 17. Raskolnikov begins to believe that his actions were not worthy of his theory because he questions his motives and whether he falls under the “extraordinary” category. 18. The dream about the old woman reveals his fears of being an average person and not the “extraordinary” man when the old woman laughs at his inability to kill her. 9. Svidrigailov visits Raskolnikov after his dream. 20. Svidrigailov has treated Marfa Petrovna and others with some form of civility. Although he showed no compassion for Fil’ka he did not act completely uncivil. As for Marfa he stayed with her throughout their marriage even after she gave him his freedom. His treatment of Dounia presented itself as disrespectful but his present actions to save her from Luzhin shows that he is sympathetic. 21. Svidrigailov’s dreams (the apparitions) reveal his grieving for his late wife. 22.

Raskolnikov and Svidrigailov seem alike in that they both sick. Raskolnikov from his crime suffers delirium, fainting, and mental anguish and likewise Svidrigailov suffers from ghost visits from his wife and his servant. 23. Svidrigailov and Raskolnikov have differing personalities. Svidrigailov seems calmer and can control his feelings and actions while Raskolnikov cannot and loses his temper often. 24. Svidrigailov offers Raskolnikov ten thousand rubles as a compensation for the unpleasantness he out her though and to lessen the impact of having to break off the engagement with Luzhin.

As a skeptic Raskolnikov does not trust this offer. 25. Marfa Petrovna showed her respect for Dounia by leaving three thousand rubles in her will. Lesson 6 1. Luzhin acts polite in his meeting with Raskolnikov and his family. 2. Svidrigailov has caused the suicide of the young deaf girl and of the serf Phillip. 3. I do agree with Luzhin when he says that certain insults cause irreparable harm to relationships. Although not always respected I believe that every relationship has a boundary for protection and not crossing. 4. I agree, Sonia before Luzhin if morality measured.

Society would not subordinate Luzhin to Sonia because society would view their class status only. The society would think such an idea outrageous. 5. When rejected by Dounia, Luzhin reminds her of the scandals that tarnished her reputation when Marfa Petrovna threw her out of her home. This action of his behalf discloses him as resentful. 6. Because Luzhin refuses to believe that his relationship with Dounia had come to an end, his character appears not only stubborn but obsessive. 7. Razumihkin proposes a publishing business venture to Raskolnikov. 8.

Raskolnikov entrusts Razumihkin with his family before he goes off. 9. Raskolnikov acts rather cruel to Sonia initially during their interview. 10. Sonia’s religious believes add irony to her character because even though a prostitute she lives with virtues and purity in her soul. 11. Raskolnikov commands Sonia to read the story of Lazarus’ rising from the dead. Sonia shares this story with Raskolnikov as if she shared an epiphany. She adds feeling to the story by her form of reading it. 12. Raskolnikov sees himself and Sonia as parallels because they have both “transgressed” and ended the life of omeone. 13. The reason why Raskolnikov will ultimately confess his crime to Sonia is because she will not judge him as harshly as the others because she has shame in her actions and the way she lives. 14. Svidrigailov listens to Sonia and Raskolnikov’s conversation on the other side of the wall. 15. Svidrigailov’s knowledge of the crime would give him leverage against Raskolnikov and with the upper hand he can ultimately extortion Raskolnikov. 16. Porfiry’s engagement in meaningless small talk before talking about the crime appears intentional.

This technique raises Raskolnikov’s suspicion. 17. (From Lesson 7)The repetition of the word capital is ironic because the true meaning of capital refers to an object of monetary value while Sonia though a prostitute is a person and not an object. 18. Porfiry suspect Raskolnikov as the murderer but lacks substantial evidence. Raskolnikov does not know the degree Porfiry considers him as the murderer. 19. Porfiry does not arrest Raskolnikov because he lacks palpable evidence and Nikolay’s confession has surprised him.

Also, he chooses to wait for Raskolnikov to make a blunder and cause himself to allow his guilt to manifest. 20. Raskolnikov’s emotional state during the interview is anxious and temperamental. He struggles to understand how much Porfiry knows about him and due to his anxiety makes mistakes by having outbursts that only increase Porfiry’s suspicion. 21. Porfiry possesses control over Raskolnikov. He presses Raskolnikov to his anxious state and only by luck does Raskolnikov manage to dodge his confession. 22. Porfiry knows that Raskolnikov visited the crime scene. 23.

Because of Nikolay’s sudden burst into the room and confession to the murder Porfiry’s plans for Raskolnikov’s confession do not succeed. 24. The man hiding behind the door at Porfiry’s office presented himself as the same man that called Raskolnikov a murderer on the street the day before. Ironically the man apologizes when Raskolnikov truly committed the crime and he deserved his plight. Lesson 7 1. Luzhin regrets his lack of generosity toward Dounia and her mother because if he had then the two would consider breaking off the engagement with more difficulty. 2.

Dostoevsky mocks Lebeziatnikov by describing the disparity between his physique (scrawny, little, etc) and his arrogant character. He also makes Lebeziatnikov look like a mindless follower to any idea that becomes fashionable. 3. Luzhin gave Sonia a ten ruble note to help Katerina Ivanovna. 4. Katerina Ivanovna had the funeral brunch in spite of her financial circumstance because of her pride. She wanted to boast that she lived well-off and not like the rest of them. Katerina did not want anyone to pity her or her circumstance and instead have them think that she rose above them. 5.

When Katerina’s landlady helps with the funeral brunch Katerina resents her because she blames her landlady for the miserable guests that appear at the brunch. Also, because Katerina holds her in contempt due to the manner she dressed for the festivities that she expected to center around herself. 6. Some ironic circumstance during the funeral brunch 7. Luzhin attempted to incriminate Sonia for stealing his 100 rubles. He did this because he wanted to appear correct about his judgment on Sonia and cause Raskolnikov to have a falling out with his family. 8. Raskolnikov figures out Luzhin’s motives. . Lebeziatnikov shows his integrity by going to Sonia’s aid when accused of theft. Not to mention he spoke well of her and did not judge her despite her prostitution. 10. Marmeladov’s brunch is both pathetic and humorous because his family tried to honor him but instead only ruin fell onto them and humorous because Katerina acts comical throughout the brunch. She argues with her landlady and the tenants cause her to fuss all the more. 11. Raskolnikov approaches Sonia by asking her to choose between Luzhin and her stepmother to remain alive as a way to compel her to understand his acts of murder. 2. Raskolnikov goes through two main emotions before confessing to Sonia; he at first becomes excited to tell her and share his guilt to feel better but then becomes frightened and turned pale right before his confession. 13. Raskolnikov saw that Sonia and Lizaveta both had childlike characteristics in their fear. 14. Sonia reacts with sympathy toward Raskolnikov after he confesses. 15. Sonia eagerly holds Raskolnikov’s living situation and needs responsible for his crime in order to make the murders more comprehensible. 6. Raskolnikov’s theory sounds base when he tries to explain it to Sonia. 17. Raskolnikov attributes the crimes to his own vanity. 18. Sonia advises Raskolnikov to confess his crimes and suffer through punishment for redemption. 19. Egbrde 20. Sonia attempts to give Raskolnikov the cross to help him confess and work toward inner peace. 21. Raskolnikov is not ready to receive his “cross” yet because he still feels like the circumstance situated themselves in his favor because he does not fall in with the “ordinary” people.

Lesson 8: 1. Out on the street Katerina acted out of exasperation. By dressing up the children and forcing them to sing and dance on the streets she tries to find a way of providing from them without relying on Sonia. Katerina Ivanovna behavior resembled a madwoman but can be justified due to her tragic situation. 2. While on the street many of the spectators followed Katerina, very few gave her money and most laughed at her performance. People from this time would react without neglect.

In viewing a homeless seemingly insane woman out on the street with her children begging they might offer her help or money but her actions would not be seen as a joke. In today’s world such circumstances would provoke favorable reaction. 3. Dounia does not judge and goes as far as offering her life to Raskolnikov. Instead of scolding him she tries to justify his actions with the information she now knows about the underlying investigation. 4. Katerina feels she has suffered through so much in her life that she has no need for a priest because she has no sins for the priest to absolve.

Her attitude suggests her loss of faith in God. 5. Churches do not have the obligation to help those in their congregation. 6. Katerina does not act too exaggerated to arouse the reader’s sympathy. Her sickness and the inability to conform to her life cause some form of pity if not for her then for her children. 7. Svidrigailov places Katerina’s children in a respectable orphanage and leaves them all money for their bringing up. 8. Svidrigailov reveals to Raskolnikov that he lives next to her apartment and overheard his confession. 9.

Raskolnikov thinks Luzhin has sent the letter to Dounia. 10. Because Svidrigailov has overheard Raskolnikov’s confession to Sonia he becomes worried that Svidrigailov will use the information to further his designs for Dounia. 11. Razumihin did once believe Raskolnikov the true murderer of the pawnbroker but now after Nikolay’s confession he thinks Raskolnikov could not have been the murderer. 12. Raskolnikov does not believe that Porfiry suspects Nikolay because of their last encounter. 13. Porfiry comes to see Raskolnikov for an explanation and to accuse Raskolnikov of murder. 14.

Porfiry reveals his reasons why he began to suspect Raskolnikov as the murder, why he believes Nikolay takes on the burden of another, and why Raskolnikov should confess before his arrest. 15. Nikolay confessed because he believed in accepting suffering. 16. Porfiry openly calls Raskolnikov a murderer. 17. Porfiry proposes to speak to the judge in his favor if Raskolnikov confesses himself. 18. Raskolnikov does not care about lessening the sentence. 19. Porfiry warns Raskolnikov of committing suicide. He asks Raskolnikov to leave a letter disclosing the location of the objects he stole. 20. Svidrigailov wanted to 21.

Marfa Petrovna and Svidrigailov orally agreed that: he would never leave her, he would always ask for her permission to travel anywhere, he would never take a permanent mistress, he could choose his maids if he asked her directly, he would not fall in love with someone of their class, and he would tell her openly of his feelings. 22. We find out from Svidrigailov that Dounia was compassionate, chaste, and susceptible by flattery. 23. Svidrigailov has engaged himself to a fifteen year old girl with a family of terrible circumstance. He is very fond of the child-like appearance and has brought money as well as jewelry to his new fiance. 4. Svidrigailov attributes his ability to seduce women with principles to flattery. 25. The new engagement between the fifteen-year-old girl and Svidrigailov would, to say the least, disgust the reader. The new engagement is a surprise but the depravity of the act serves to expose the true character of Svidrigailov. Lesson 9: 1. Svidrigailov traps Dounia by sending her a letter about Raskolnikov’s murders and then by placing her brother’s fate in her hands. Dounia prepared herself by taking the late Marfa Petrovna’s revolver and using it for self-defense.

However, after discharging it twice and only grazing Svidrigailov slightly she cannot kill the man and instead pleads for her freedom. 2. According to Svidrigailov Raskolnikov suffers because jbhiugbuibi; 3. Svidrigailov offers to take Dounia, her brother, and mother away with him away to help Raskolnikov. 4. Dounia accuses Svidrigailov of poisoning his late wife and this suggestion only emboldens Luzhin’s earlier implications about Marfa Petrovna’s death. 5. Svidrigailov also wants Dounia to love him or at the very least accept him aside from a physical relationship. . Raskolnikov and Svidrigailov both hallucinate because of the persons they harmed, suffer because of their ideology, and act however they please whether for positive or negative. 7. Because Raskolnikov confesses his crime and begins to reject his theory he moves closer to becoming a better person unlike Svidrigailov who lacks remorse. And though they both perform acts of random kindness Svidrigailov more often than not has an underlying reason. Also, Svidrigailov does not isolate himself the way Raskolnikov has done despite their similar ideology. 8. Bgsjbgfvkdeb 9.

Bgrde 10. Svidrigailov commits suicide because of Dounia’s rejection, he can no longer be happy pleasing himself because he has found something he desperately wants but cannot have. Because of Dounia’s rejection his “happy” world crashes and he realizes the mistake in his life has been. 11. When Svidrigailov shoots himself Raskolnikov contemplates confessing himself and going to see his mother. 12. While visiting his mother the two have an intimate moment alone. Pulcheria tries to justify Raskolnikov’s behavior throughout her visit after reading his article “On Crime. Raskolnikov tries to make amends to his mother for causing her so much grief before he confesses to his crime but even then continues to worry his mother. 13. At the crossroads Rodia kisses the ground in an attempt to publically declare himself as a murderer. 14. Svidrigailov’s suicide causes Raskolnikov to such a shock that he walks out of the Police Station without admitting to his crime. 15. After hearing about Svidrigailov’s suicide from Ilia Petrovich Sonia’s presence waiting outside prevents Raskolnikov from leaving without confessing to murder. 16.

In my opinion, the Epilogue stands as an enlightening piece needed to complete the book. Without the Epilogue the reader would question whether or not Raskolnikov redeemed himself and ask about the situation within the family. 17. Raskolnikov must fulfill a sentence of hard labor in the second degree for eight years. 18. Considering all the testimony in favor of Raskolnikov the sentence was severe enough in my opinion. Even without the insanity plea Raskolnikov’s character did not mean to cause horrible harm, his intentions though not justified can allow for some mitigating effect in his case. 9. Razumihin manages to bring into light the good deeds Raskolnikov did during the trial. He testified that Raskolnikov helped a student until his death and even continued to aid the student’s father, placing him in a hospital until his death. The widowed landlady, too, testified that Raskolnikov had gone into a burning building to save two children and received marks from such an event. 20. Dounia and Razumihin ended up married. 21. I do believe Pulcheria knew about her son’s crimes but refused to believe it because the corruption overwhelmed her.

Not only from the article but also from the rumors that had been around when they had first came to St. Petersburg were more than enough to show Pulcheria some form of distortion in her son’s character. 22. Rodia acted indifferent inside prison. 23. The rest of the prisoners despised Raskolnikov because of his atheistic believes. 24. Raskolnikov’s attitude for Sonia changed after she became ill and no longer visited him. 25. Pride made Raskolnikov ill in prison. 26. Raskolnikov does not seize believing in his theory because he dreams of a world with similar beliefs that some are chosen to live and others must not.

He also believes that he did nothing wrong and does not feel guilty. 27. While ill Raskolnikov dreams of a world-wide plague affecting everyone. The “chosen” and the “pure” escape death but those affected suffer from an illness much like egoism, the persons cannot find a way to live with each other and in short term conclude to killing one another. 28. According to Raskolnikov he fails as a successful criminal because he failed to complete his act without being caught. 29. His love, affection, and newly acquired senses of renewal manage to save Raskolnikov and in a way redeem his character.

Introduction:

М. Foucault. 1975. Discipline and Punish: The birth of the prison. New York: Random House Inc. Below is an in depth book review of Discipline and Punish, The Birth of the Prison. The author who compiled the analysis on this is Michel Foucault, whom provided enlightenment on many different aspects of sociology and philosophy- many which are still immensely relevant to societies today.

I will be using this book review to channel an outline of Foucault’s work, viewpoints and purposes as such. Along with this I will include my personal critique of my literary experience of the book. I will consider important factors of logic, coherence, evidence, expertise and originality. These specified fields are all crucial to useful and meaningful sociological theories. In brief, my aim is to clarify the argument presented by Foucault and provide my account of its validity.

Brief Overview:

Michel Foucault’s, Discipline and Punish, provides the reader of the historical timeline which ends at the institution of imprisonment that most modern societies have adopted today. The just of his intentions for the book are presented in the first section. Much of this includes his aim which is to trace the penal system back to its roots in order to define and identify its significance in the present. These roots begin in the seventeenth century. Here public torture and execution prevailed as the form of punishment.

As aspects of society changed, especially power structures, so did this system of punishment- much like in an evolutionary manner. At this point it is probably important to highlight that a better alternative to the concept of the penal timeline, is rather a cycle- thus making visible the state it was in at birth and plotting its journey to maturity. The model of the prison is not yet a comprehendible result or solution in the beginning sections. Punishments were rather inhumane and gruesome methods of torture and execution which were “public spectacles”. The point of this was the solidification of the power figures amongst their people.

This notion of power stirred amongst people who were ultimately discontent with the inefficiency of these structures. Whilst attempting to resolve this, a “reform” was created. Sadly, the preoccupation of the reform blinded people to the inhumanity, suffering and pain being brought upon these so-called criminals. Following this we see the transition to private and secret forms of punishment which was cut-off from public visibility. Coercive practices resulted in submissive criminals, with credit given to new techniques established by adapting and altering out-dated methods.

The separation and the shift of focus from the body to the soul were early defining factors of the modern system. These also form an immensely important theme that is recurrent throughout the book. Foucault’s theoretical cycle of the penal system then moves on to preparation of criminals for their lives after incarceration and attempts to reintroduce these people back into society as respectable civilians. Considering noted critiques on this section, it remains unclear as to whether this was successful at its time of occurrence.

An issue arising along with this stage is that of judgement- who is qualified to pass judgement and what standards are used for comparison? Finally, in the closing sections of the book we reach the heart of the book where we see the introduction of the first prison- highly influenced by the panoptic, and the penultimate stage which Foucault dates February 22, 1840. This date marks the success of the first carceral system which “perfected” the failures and short-comings of all the previous phases. Currently this institution has embedded itself in society and is the back-bone of order, laws and norms.

The fact that at the moment there is no better alternatives to this, offers the assumption that the modern penal system has succeeded or human sciences are still advancing in order to further evolve current organisation- hence my prior labelling of this phase the “penultimate”. I feel that the purpose of the book is to inform the reader on a long list of various facets relating to sociology. These include the carceral system, the classical period, discipline, norms, power and penalty- to mention only a few. These all have significant importance in human sciences.

My reaction or evaluation will conclude that Foucault has cleverly addressed establishments in sociology whilst using the penal system as a commonality to provide a practical sample- which in turn favours the readers understanding of sociology in general. The audience for this theoretical work is most likely to target scholars of human sciences and philosophy. It may also spark interests of inquiries into the classical period given its historical flair.

Main arguments of Discipline and Punish:

Power: Foucault uses power as a central point of reference for punishing.

All or most aspects of the book revolve around this, or come back to it at a point. According to him, as power structures change, so does the penal system. It adapts to requirements. In the section of the book titled “Body of the condemned”, we see how torture and punishment was used to reinforce the power of the sovereign. Knowledge is also important to power, because it is seen as the support for power. Those with greater knowledge, tend to yield or accumulate greater power. “Power produces knowledge . . . power and knowledge directly imply one another . . . here is no power relation without the correlative constitution of a field of knowledge, nor any knowledge that does not presuppose and constitute at the same time power relations. ” Foucault describes that power can range from modifying ones self-control to complete coercion. It is embedded in society and all relations. As long as power relations exist, there will always be inherent authority and control. Here we see the effects of the “power to judge”. Those possessing power and knowledge use their controls on society to establish norms whereby they evaluate the actions of people.

Post-judgement and examination incarceration is determined by how far the perpetrator strays from “normal”. In Foucault’s opinion, society has allowed sceptic officials to take the power to judge- people such as medical professionals, psychologists, etc. In essence, it is argued that power controls society, yet it cannot be controlled.

Prison as a part of civilisation:

It is emphasised time and time again throughout the book that the prison is part of society and the two cannot be separated. Prison is based on the judicial system (laws and rules governing our daily lives), which is embedded and weaved into society.

Often Foucault mentions prisons along with institutions such as schools, hospitals and armies etc. They are all organised using the same framework of control and judgement- which emphasizes his stance that it is a part of society. The penal system of prison is too far incorporated into our lives to deny the connection which exists.

Punishment:

“The art of punishing must rest on a whole technology of representation” Foucault argues that each punishment should teach a lesson. It should not only take away a delinquents liberty and freedom, it should make them work, keep them active, enforce good habits.

Prior to this, the penalty should correlate with the crime committed in order to create relevance. It need not be an attempt to control the body, but rather install regulation directed at achieving a goal- such as reintegration into community after incarceration. Discipline must be continuous and must take the role of coercion. This we see from Foucault that it can be done using timetables and ranks- here differentiation of various series is important.

The Body and Soul: Punishment was initially assigned to the physical body using methods of torture for example.

In addition to this, the body could be used to stir fear amongst people during public executions. The body and the visible are reinforcing factors. However, with the changes in power, the body is no longer a target of direct punishment. The body now, as Foucault says, is supervised, controlled and organised. Although the body is replaced with the soul, it will still share an adjacent bond with punishment. Foucault argues that he produces a “genealogical account for the modern soul”- meaning that he intends to identify where the soul originated. There are two factors to this process in Discipline and Punish.

First it is what is revised above- is the soul takes over from the body as the directive for punishment. Secondly, the shift from body to soul and the new methods of discipline have ultimately generated or created the soul. Unlike the body, there are no limits to how you can penalize the soul.

Evaluation of Discipline and Punish:

Firstly, I will start by commenting on the extent to which the book achieves its desired goal. Foucault initially wanted to provide a power of speech for those confined to a discourse. This includes those who do not have the knowledge required to accumulate power.

I feel that their issues have been brought to light, however the reasons exceeding this is for the purpose of gaining insight into the functioning of society in sociological terms. This does not give attention to their possibly ambiguous labelling of being “abnormal”. They have purely become a vessel to greater knowledge. Foucault rejected norms as positive determinants. It was seen by him as negative and oppressive. The unusual phenomenon is not a natural process instinctually followed by humans. Foucault strived to highlight this irregularity through his book.

However, when commenting on individuality (which opposes norms) there is an inherent negative notion towards the concept. What then, if against norms and individuality, does Foucault conceptualise as an alternative? This is a possible indication of an argument which is incoherent and conflicting. Ultimately, as we see towards Foucault’s final sections, that his intention was not to ignite conspiracy and doubt in the minds if the reader regarding the prison, but rather to create understanding of its operation and the factors contributing to its processes.

This was done with the utmost success. The historical context and actual case studies used provide valid and convincing confirmation. His views at this point are adequately supported. In terms of possibilities suggested by the book Foucault leaves us with the premise that the carceral system is very destructive in more ways than one. He also provides a new way for us to think of this system- as strong and highly powerful. We see that Foucault is optimistic toward change- thus highlighting prospective opportunities for the carceral system as well as the human sciences as a whole.

The subject matter of the book has to this day not received further research- nothing of such extensive significance. Foucault has successfully provided us with a realistic account into the historical penal system and at the same time addressed common topics in sociology- much like his section on individualism. The material available to us regarding the penitentiary system tends to focus on specific regions or prisons-commonly those in the United States. A book which is well versed on the issue at hand is Situational Prison Control by Richard Hartley. However, it still does not divulge into the history and “birth” of the phenomenon.

Foucault successfully identified a research topic which was in need of attention and enlightenment. I feel an aspect Foucault neglected to focus on was future summations for the penal system and all it entails. We do not see any of his suggestions for possible ways forward or resolutions to the problems that exist. He has a tendency throughout the book, to highlight many downfalls yet no solutions. A few of personal proposals would have stimulated the readers thinking, ultimately opening doors for advancement for progress. Along with the above, I feel there is a lot that needs to be said on social divides amongst society.

Foucault briefly touches on classes and social and economic situation but almost immediately redirected the train of thought. There is more to various demographics which influence all institutions throughout societies. Foucault failed to report on this and the way that their changes affect power relations and ultimately the penal system. Some of these demographics may include gender, age, race and ethnicity.

Conclusion:

I constantly referred back to specific criteria when considering the main arguments or theories of Discipline and Punish. This was helpful in concluding my opinion on whether Foucault has successfully argued his theory.

My review concludes that a was identified and stated. The causes of this were also made apparent to the reader. Foucault carefully planned the way he would take-on this topic by testifying clear and concise points of view. At times it felt as though the argument was not coherent in that it would jump from one context to another. However, the main arguments and themes- such as the body and the soul were constantly referred to. This redeemed coherence with a well tied together and relevant argument- especially in the last section where everything is positioned into place.

The evidence Foucault uses to elaborate his views and arguments are sufficient to enhance the validity of his study and specific arguments. He often provides actual occurrences in history- much like his introduction reporting on Damien’s execution in 1757 and referring to the opening of Mettray prison colony. Extensive referencing has been made available allowing further validation of facts. This in turn contributes to his ability to convince and persuade. Michel Foucault most definitely possessed the right attributes and expertise to work on this research problem.

He had extensive training and experience in human sciences, from which he created his career. His direct encounters with the penal systems and prisons also granted him access to knowledge not readily available to others- thus making his expertise relative to the issue at hand. Keeping the short-comings I have mentioned in mind, I feel that Foucault’s arguments are valid and they all have been researched to the point where its concrete significance cannot be denied. Their continued relevance over the years supports my conclusion and it has in general been presented in a clear and concise manner.