Water

The objective of the experiment was to determine if different factors affect the reaction rate of Alka-Seltzer. Alka-Seltzer provides fast relief to acid indigestion, upset stomach, heartburn, headaches, body aches and pains. It is an antacid and pain relief medicine used by millions of consumer’s everyday. It is sold at local pharmacies over the counter and supermarkets worldwide. The original Alka-Seltzer was invented in 1931, the active ingredients are: 325 mg of Aspirin, 1000mg of Citric Acid and 1916mg of Sodium Bicarbonate, designed to treat pain and simultaneously neutralize excess stomach acid. It is provided in the form of large effervescent tablets, which are dissolved in a glass of water. As the tablets dissolve, the base (bicarbonate) and the acid (citric acid) react vigorously producing carbon dioxide gas, which also produces enough agitation to allow the active ingredients to dissolve slowly.

In our lab, our objective was to test if water at different temperatures, salt, and vinegar, would affect the reaction rate of Alka Seltzer tablets. However we thought, that the size of the tablet would not matter. Therefore, we decided to test Alka Seltzer broken into fragment and completely ground up as well as the normal tablet. Hypothesis and Variables: o Hypothesis: We believe that hot water, and vinegar will affect the rate of the reaction, however, the size of the tablet does not matter. Independent Variables: temperature of water (ice, room, hot), Size of tablet (whole, pieces, powdered), Solution it is in (tap, vinegar, salt water).

The rate of reaction of Alka-Seltzer. Materials:  3-quart size jars, 3 Alka-seltzer tablets, ice water, room temperature water, hot water, stopwatch, thermometer, vinegar, salt, tablespoon.  Fill one of the jars a third of the way with ice. Put tap water in it until it is half way full. Let it come to a stable temperature. Fill the second jar half way filled with room temperature water. .Fill the third jar half way with hot tap water (run tap on hot for one minute). Use the thermometer to record temperature for the three waters. Record in table.  Put an Alka-Seltzer tablet in each jar and use a stopwatch to record how many seconds it takes to dissolve. Do not stir or mix the tablet! Record all results.  Put all the liquids down the drain and rinse out jars throughouly with water. Fill the jars half way with room temperature water.  In the first jar, place a whole Alka seltzer tablet. Record the time it takes for it to completely dissolve.

Repeat step 9 with the Alka seltzer broken into 8-10 pieces. Record the time it takes to dissolve. Repeat step 9 with the Alka-Seltzer tablet completely crushed into powder. Record the time it takes for it to completely dissolve.  Rinse all jars completely and throughout again.  Fill one jar half the way with room temperature water. Fill another jar one half full with vinegar. Finally fill the last jar half way with salt water.

As temperature decreases, the amount of time that th reaction takes increases. As well as, adding other components such as salt and vinegar slow down rather than speed up the reaction. Therefore that rection is best in water at a high temperature.  Our hypothesis was wrong in that, seltzer-seltzer in different shapes affcts the reaction rather than not causing any difference in it. Temperature could have been off, thermometer was broken, and tap water at room temperature was affected by air conditioning. Through this experiment we have learned that temperature affects the reaction rate of Alka-Seltzer tablets. As well as, size and solution dissolved in, can either speed up or slow down the reaction. For fastest results, Alka-Seltzer should be broken up into powered pieces and be taken with hot water.

Red tide is a phenomenon that affects the H2O by colourizing it ruddy and do a decease of a marine being because of increasing the CO2 in the H2O. So, in this paper we will discourse the job of ruddy tide and how much it affects the Mariness and human life. Besides, we will look at some possible ways in how we can cut down the effects. Then, we will concentrate on the ruddy tide phenomena when it appears in UAE seashores, and how the UAE authorities react to it.

Introduction

There are many beings that are populating the marine ecosystem and there are many jobs that can impact the beings in the ocean or sea. One of this job is ruddy tide which caused by microscopic Marine algae. Algal blooms may happen in freshwater every bit good as Marine environments. In general we can state that ruddy tide occurs throughout the universe, and it impacting marine ecosystems in many topographic points like Scandinavia, Japan, the Caribbean, Florida and South Pacific. Besides, it is non recent job or issue because the first clip when scientists foremost documented a ruddy tide in 1947 along Gulf of Florida. However, similar event appear in Florida since the mid-1800s. As a consequence, ruddy tide consequence in really large sum of loses around the universe by killing the Marine being, causes diseases to human, and loss in economic sciences. So, we will concentrate on understanding the ruddy tide job and its effects and so suggests some possible solutions to cut down its impact. Therefore, what is the impact of the ruddy tide, and what are the ways to cut down it?

Definition of Red Tide

Figure Sea Colored Ruddy By Ruddy Tide Phenomena

Planktonic beings are the chief cause that makes the sea H2O colored ruddy ; they are organisms found on the surface of the sea ( as the figure1 shows ). Algae is one type of planktonic beings which is good beginning of nutrient for other marine beings. There are toxic and non toxic types of microscopic Marine algae. Red tide is appears when one type of harmful algae or more than one type are addition in its figure all of a sudden. This type of microscopic Marine algae is called Karenia brevis (K. brevis) and it can alter the colour of the H2O to red-brown colour and bring forth a toxic substances called breventoxin. This (K. brevis) algae can turn rapidly and so cover big country of seaaa‚¬a„?s surface. So, the color of the sea will alter to red colour so it called ruddy tide. But some clips (K. brevis ) making bloom that make ocean appear ruddy or brown and in other clip the colour could be green, bluish, violet yellow or orange and the H2O can even stay to be at its usual colour. So, these different colour of ruddy tide is depend on the type of harmful algal bloom but the most common colour is red so, it called ruddy tide. The harmful algal blooms ( HABs ), which are algal bloom events affecting toxic or otherwise harmful phytoplankton such as dinoflagellates of the genus Alexandrium and Karenia.

In add-on, the toxic algae which instance red tide can be divided into three chief groups which contain about 300 types of micro Marine algae. The first group can bring forth toxins critical and represents 25 % of this type of algae and it affect on fish and peopleaa‚¬a„?s wellness. The 2nd group can cut down the sum of the O from the H2O that has red tide. The 3rd group combines the two old groups.

Algal Bloom Formation

Alimentary beginnings can play an of import function in impacting algal bloom formation because algae tend to turn really rapidly under high alimentary handiness. So, when these stuff like peculiarly P, extra C and nitrogen semen from agricultural dirts to H2O that contains algae aid to a sudden rise in the figure of algae and other plankton. But each alga is ephemeral, and the consequence is a high concentration of dead organic affair which starts to disintegrate and so algal bloom start Concentrated and deposited on the outer surface of the H2O, whether in the oceans and seas or rivers and its concentrations may make 1000000s of cells per millilitre. Besides, sudden and speedy visual aspect of harmful algal bloom is ensuing from coastal upwelling. And this harmful algal bloom ( HAB ) is causes negative impacts on other beings because it can bring forth natural toxins.

Time of Visual Aspect

Red tide can look at any clip and on any month of the twelvemonth but most likely to happen on August-November. So, some scientists said that it most common in summer and autumn, but they have been reported in every month of the twelvemonth in different topographic points.

Red tide can be transported from one topographic point to another and that can go on when it transported inshore or alongshore by tide, air current, and currents. The ruddy tide phenomenon experienced by most of the beaches in the assorted maritime zones which usually remain an upper limit of three years, but if found suited support such as mill, waste and sewerage and so they remain active and will go more aggravated.

We consider the phenomenon of ruddy tides as an environmental job because it can be transported by air current and do much external respiration job for the people and there are many other bad effect for it on the marine beings like it can bring forth toxins which affect the nervous system in fish.

The Impact of Red Tide

First, the Impact of Ruddy Tide on Marine Beings

Fisherise is something of import to human because it provide him with nutrient necessary for life and when you see the ( ruddy tide ) This enlargement is a proliferation of algae and plankton in a immense measure and bulky as it helps increase the sum of the fish in the sea and oceans every bit good as marine beings staged provender these Fungus. AS a consequence, lead to the decease and tunnel of big measures of fish all sorts on the beach ; therefore, there are three chief grounds for that:

Natural Devastation

Because of the big figure of the algae and plankton on the H2O the gills of the fish cloge with marine plankton as a consequence, lack the ability of fish to pull out O.

Drain and O Ingestion

When the proliferation of algae and plankton are excessively exhausted nutrient deficits, therefore the fish and Marine beings will decease and disintegrate and burrow on beach and besides the figure of bacteriums will increase.

Direct Toxic Condition

Some algae produce toxic substances critical dislocation of the nervous system in fish, taking to them to decease and tunnel.

Second, the Impact of Ruddy Tide on the Worlds

Diseases of the Respiratory System

This is produce by inspiration homo to the mizzle of the sea which is loaded with toxins released by algae and plankton and the symptoms are firing esthesis in the olfactory organ and pharynx, Tingling in the lingua and lips, Besides they can be infected by asthma and allergic reactions in the thorax.

Injury of the Digestive System and Nutrient Toxic Condition

Symptoms is purging or sickness, spasms and terrible diarrhoea and that is achieved by eating fish that contain their organic structure on toxic algae m Besides can infected with human nutrient toxic condition by eating fish caught in the clip of ruddy tide for the content of toxic substances in their organic structures on the other manus the homo can be poisoned through the sea of toxic algae and plankton and that for the states that rely on sea H2O desalinization and straight exposed to toxicant.

Complete Palsy

That achieved through human ingestion of shellfish and toxins that are concentrated indoors do non vanish in the cookery causation diseases people may decease or endure other diseases.

Diseases and Tegument Burnss

Algae and plankton secrete some secernments may do Burnss and fungous tegument particularly for beach departers.

Ways for Cut Downing the Impact of the Ruddy Tide

Obviously, That Human activities led to the corruptness of the marine environment. Thus led to many amends to him and other beings. So, it’s clip to take serious actions to cut down the harm of ruddy tides through some of the points which help to get the better of the ruddy tide:

1. ”Work on the application of the Torahs which regulating the constitution of tourer resorts.
2. Wastewater intervention and Subtractions subscribing to an understanding between the states that overlooking on the same seashore to organize among them.
3. Experience and exchange information so as non to impact the piscaries.
4. Spread consciousness among citizens and fishermen through the media.
5. Continuous preparation for workers in the fish farms, and utilizing the modern methods in nutrition.
6. Establishment the follow-up plans on the short periods of the clip.
7. Punishment throws the waste of agricultural and industrial in the sea and seek to utilize the lower limit of fertiliser.
8. Spray clay over the countries that show the plankton or algae that cause ruddy tide.

Red Tide in the UAE

Red tide causes several jobs along the UAE seashores. Peoples who lived in coastal countries suffered from a big sum of fish deceases and caused bad odors. In late of 2008, ruddy tide phenomenon has been visited the UAE seashores. In add-on, statistics shows that the ruddy tide caused the deceases of 1200 dozenss of fish in August 2008 (as the figure2 shows).

The researches that have been done by the Ministry of Environment and Water in some H2O samples taken from different countries shows that there are eight species of algae cause the phenomenon of ruddy tide. These species included some types that are toxic to fishes. As a consequence, it caused the deceases of big measures of fish and crustaceans on the shores of the east seashore. Harmonizing to Dr. Salem Aldahri- the manager of environmental federal authority- said that the consequence of the chemical analysis confirms increasing of phosphate salts concentration and Nitrate in the H2O; these are the chief Foods that Stimulates the growing of algae that causes the ruddy tide phenomenon. Therefore, the UAE hosted at that clip experts from the Regional Organization for Protection of Marine Environment to discourse this phenomenon to cut down the effects and to halt the strength increasing it to neighbouring states. However, the physical researches consequences that the marine environment of the UAE was ideal to the growing of algae that causes the ruddy tide. Besides, the temperature was suited, every bit good as the high concentration of dissolved O in surface H2O and low O concentration in the deepnesss.

Furthermore, the Ministry of Environment and Water has taken since the start of the phenomenon several steps in order to cut down its negative impacts in UAE seashores. In 2003, the major ruddy tide job was recorded in the UAE in Mussafah Channel ; where a immense sum of fish deceases. As a solution of that job they opened the channel in order to hold better circulation of H2O. Furthermore, there are several studies published in newspapers said the phenomenon has plagued neighboring emirates Ras al-Khaimah and Fujairah for months, killing 100s of tones of fish. Furthermore, Dubai beaches which is a great tourist finish. Therefore, ruddy tide caused important job in the economic system Dubai. So, the UAE authorities gives instructions to fishermen non to angle during the ruddy tide continuance. Furthermore, they made workshops and talks to fishermen and the public people about the impact of the ruddy tide and rede them to avoid swimming and diving in the sea particularly kids; because the ratio of the CO2 is really high. Besides, sitting in the beach will do antsy roseola in the tegument.

The solar bottle bulb is taking the developing world by storm bringing sustainable, affordable lighting to the underprivileged rural communities in a number of regions around the globe, the concept is cheap, simple and most importantly sustainable, but how did such an amazing idea come about? The concept was first conceived in 2002 by Alfred Moser, a mechanic in SAA Paulo, Brazil, to light his workshop when his neighborhood was suffering energy shortages, enabling him to continue working.

His neighbors, intrigued by the idea, soon started following suit, adding the bulbs to heir homes in kitchens, bathrooms and living areas where electric light was prohibitively expensive and inefficient. The bottle bulb revolution was then further enhanced by The “Mystery Foundation”, which runs a program in the Philippines called “sang Lilting Lillian: a Liter of Light”. Based on a project developed by students at MIT under the Appropriate Technologies discipline, the project aims to bring sustainable, affordable lighting to the underprivileged rural communities in the country.

A Liter of Light aim to bring light 1 million homes using this green genealogy not only in the Philippines but in shantytowns in India, Africa and other southeast Asian countries, by the end of 2012. Solar bottle bulbs are usually made out of 2-L bottles, use no electricity and produce the same amount of light as a 50- to 60-watt incandescent bulb, there is no leakage and the bottles can stay there for years without any need for maintenance! The water bottle lights are said to last for 5 years.

The concept seems so simple but how does it work? The lights work by refracting sunlight in a 360-degree arc around the room, which provides superior light to a window or skylight, only allowing light into a room in a erect beam. The bleach keeps the water clean and clear by preventing algae growth. So what’s the science behind the concept? When light moving through the air runs into a denser medium such as water, it changes direction because of refraction.

The light beam “bends” when it enters the so that it’s traveling more directly down into water. That’s very helpful if you’re trying to get more light to go down through the bottle into a dark room below. Despite this, some of the light will still be on a path to the opposite side of the cylinder. A portion of the light is trapped in the cylinder because of simple reflection.

A Summer Project Report on “Create Awareness about Whirlpool Brand of Accessories and Purifier in the Market and Design a plan to make them a household usage item” Towards partial fulfillment of Master of Business Administration (MBA) (affiliated to U. P. Technical University, Lucknow) Submitted To:- Submitted By: Mrs. Smriti Srivastava Ashok Kumar Gupta Lecturer MBA IIIrd Semester NIEC, Lucknow 2007-2009 PREFACE Perception of consumer regarding promotional tools of any company entirely depends upon awareness of individuals.

Besides these, the availability of right tools to the right consumer at the right place with the right communication are need of the hour. It is the needless to say that the planning, selling and serving he consumer play an important role in the respect. Chance in promotional tools, product line, quality, shape, size and design price channel of distribution etc. are made on the basis of information and choice picked up from the market through constant and incessant research. In order to take decision market would constantly be monitored to have needful information for necessary feed back in the rend of the market.

As such the marketing research would be an effective tool of measuring the consumer aspiration and perception. Not only thi, it would also provide a link between then corporate environment and marketing organization. The timely marketing research, thus may be viewed as in evitable tool used an aid to tackle the ensuring tiny and tall problems in marketing . I am sanguine , the finding of the survey would be of immense importance and value for the WHIRLPOOL India Pvt. Ltd, in formulating their marketing strategies and policies. (Ashok Kumar Gupta) ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Really, it is a matter of profound to me to have an opportunity to undergoes summer training at WHIRLPOOL India Pvt. Ltd. In Lucknow. Undoubtedly, it is also of paramount important to thank Mr. Talha Ismile ( Marketing manager), WHIRLPOOL India Pvt. Ltd. , Lucknow who extended his kind cooperation by giving guideline and tips about how to survey the market. I would like to give my special thanks to Mrs. Smriti Srivastava (Lecturer, Dept. of Business Administration, NIEC, Lucknow) he offered time and vital encouragement when I needed it most in Lucknow.

The satisfaction and euphoria that accompany the successful completion of any work would always remain incomplete unless we mention the valuable cooperation and assistance of those people, who as an expression of gratitude, constant guidance and encouragement , served as a beacon- lit and crown our efforts with success. IO am sanguine, the finding of the survey would be of immense importance and value for the ), WHIRLPOOL India Pvt. Ltd. , Lucknow in formulating their marketing strategies and policies. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

I started my training with ), WHIRLPOOL India Pvt. Ltd. , Lucknow where I thoroughly studied the current create an awareness about whirlpool brand of accessories and purifier in the market and design a plan to make them a household usage item. In order to complete my research. I look a Lucknow district where I take survey and display all whirlpool Accessories and New Launch R. O. Based System Water Purifier into the prime location. I received some positive response from the customers as customer has shown a very keen interest in Accessories and also in R.

O. Based System Water Purifier. I found out that most of the customer where not aware about Whirlpool Accessories and R. O. Based System Water Purifier. My research report contains company profile analysis finding, conclusion recommendation etc. I conclude that most of the people were not aware, hence proper advertisement should be taken to promote the Whirlpool Accessories. TABLE OF CONTENT ? PROBLEM DEFINITION ? OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY ? COMPANY PROFILE ? RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ? DATA ANALYSIS ? FINDING ? SUGGESTIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS LIMITATIONS ? SWOT ANALYSIS ? CONCLUSION ? ANNEXURE ? BIBLIOGRAPHY PROBLEM DEFINITION In Whirlpool studying about methods for marketing of water purifier and accessories with respect to its competitors The first motive of the company is to aware about the impurities of water and TDS level which is most probably unknown by the people and tell the difference between RO (Reverse Osmosis) and UV (Ultra Violet) And which system is useful for the consumer it depends upon the TDS level of the water and minerals and impurity found in the water at present

Indian Government recommended the TDS level of water for Human consumption is 120-140 and if it is near about 150 to 170 there is no need for RO water purifier. But if it is more than 180 then it is strongly recommended that RO technology can reduce the TDS level of water there is no use of UV technology In accessories Whirlpool introduces a wide range for products which is very useful for Home Appliances. Most of the cases it is seemed that appliance can not give 100% satisfaction to its users due to the carelessness or not giving right advice to users.

People use costly appliance but not uses the recommended thing with product. Which should be harmful for appliance and this cause to be a big fault. In accessories there are so many products which increase the efficiency of appliances and increase its life with very minimum cost. And there are so many products which can be use in twice way i. e. refrigerator and microwave oven the products are cilico tray and neat and fresh kit. RESEARCH OBJECTIVE The Research Objective is to prepare a model which will give the maximum leverage to marketing to its product and establish Whirlpool as a Market leader in both segments.

To fulfill the objective of Research When Whirlpool launched this series of Water Purifier and Accessories the advertisement was done by company at television and make a display of the water purifier units at every place where dealers have whirlpool products. And when the technician goes for installation of the machinery or repair it he display the same. It is also the study of competitors who are selling Water Purifier and accessories and what method and marketing strategy they are using to selling their products. By studying that we can get the method which is useful for selling the whirlpool products.

So the first thing is to get the information about other companies who are selling the accessories and water purifiers. For that purpose we met the marketing executives and service engineers of other companies like IFB, LG and SAMSUNG. So their preference is to give maximum quality and proper services to its consumers after sale. SOME MAJOR OBJECTIVES OF STUDY 1. To study the current market of Lucknow . 2. To study the awareness level of customer about the WHIRLPOOL accessories and water Purifier. 3. To suggest how can sell of water purifier increase in market. COMPANY PROFILE

AP Chemistry 12/13/11 Round-Trip Copper Reactions Lab The purpose of this lab was to evaluate our skills of decanting a supernatant liquid without losing the solid and successful completion of a series of reactions. This was done through five chemical reactions involving copper. In this lab, elemental copper was put through five different chemical reactions in order to convert it into different compounds. By the end of the fifth reaction, the copper was back to its elemental state. In the first reaction, 0. 95 g of pure copper was reacted with 4. 0 mL of concentrated nitric acid under the fume hood.

The solution was swirled until all of the copper had dissolved. The balanced equation for this reaction is as follows: Cu (s) + 4HNO3 (aq) a Cu(NO3)2 (aq) + 2NO2 (g) + 2H2O (l) When the nitric acid came into contact with the solid copper, a brown gas was immediately released into the fume hood. This brown gas was nitrogen dioxide as the balanced equation above shows. As the copper dissolved, the solution slowly turned blue because of the copper ions. In the second reaction, distilled water was added to the copper (II) nitrate solution until the beaker was half full. Then, 30 mL of 3. M sodium hydroxide was added to the solution. The balanced equation for this reaction is as follows: Cu(NO3)2 (aq) + 2NaOH (aq) a Cu(OH)2 (s) + 2NaNO3 (aq) When sodium hydroxide was added to the copper (II) nitrate solution, a bright blue gel-like precipitate was formed instantly. This precipitate was copper (II) hydroxide. The precipitate was blue because of the copper ions. In the third reaction, the copper (II) hydroxide solution was heated above a Bunsen burner. Continual stirring was required to reduce the “bumping”, or formation of bubbles that release gas very quickly that have the potential to cause injury.

The balanced equation for this reaction is as follows: Cu(OH)2 (s) a CuO (s) + H2O (l) When the solution was heated, the bright blue precipitate slowly began to darken, at first by showing flakes of black, then eventually turning completely black. This is due to the copper reacting with oxygen, or oxidizing. The black precipitate was allowed to settle and then the supernatant, the clear liquid that lies above a precipitate, was decanted, or poured carefully off. Then, 200 mL of hot distilled water was added and the precipitate was allowed to settle to repeat the decanting process again.

In the fourth reaction, 15 mL of 6. 0 M sulfuric acid was added to the copper (II) oxide while stirring. The balanced equation for this reaction is as follows: CuO (s) + H2SO4 (aq) a CuSO4 (aq) + H2O (l) + SO2 (g) When the sulfuric acid was added to copper (II) oxide, the solution turned blue. This was due to the formation of aqueous copper (II) sulfate, which produced the copper ions to change the color of the solution. In the fifth reaction, 2. 29 g of zinc was added to the copper (II) sulfate solution under the fume hood. The balanced equation for this reaction is written as followed:

Zn (s) + CuSO4 (aq) a ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu (s) When the zinc was added to the copper (II) sulfate solution, the solution started to bubble. As the solution was stirred, it turned a cloudy blue. Small flecks of a brown solid were visible. As the solution became colorless, the brown solid settled to the bottom of the beaker. The solid formed was copper in its elemental state. The color faded from the solution as the copper ions slowly formed into solid copper. The copper was poured into a funnel with filter paper and washed three times with 25 mL of distilled water and ethanol.

In order to dry the copper, it was placed on a watch glass weighing 29. 91 g over a beaker half full of water on a hot plate. One the copper appeared to be dry, the beaker was removed from the hot plate and allowed to cool. The copper was massed on the watch glass and was recorded as 30. 79 g. This was left to sit overnight and was massed again the next and recorded as 30. 77 g. By subtracting the mass of the watch glass from the final mass of the copper and watch glass, the mass of the copper was obtained and recorded as 0. 86 g. In conclusion, the percent yield of copper from the original copper was calculated to be 90. % by the formula: actual x 100 = percent yield theoretical 0. 86 g x 100 = 90. 5% 0. 95 g In theory, the amount of copper at the end of the lab should have been the same amount that was started out with. Due to decanting and changing containers, some of the mass was lost. The calculated percent yield above is fairly accurate considering that some of the mass was lost during decanting and transferring the copper from the filter paper onto the watch glass.

Marketing Plan Topic:Due Week One Complete this form and submit it to the Week 1 Marketing Plan Dropbox. Your instructor must approve your idea, and will give you feedback and suggestions if you need help. You have several options when choosing a product or service for your marketing plan. Consider choosing a new product for a new company (your own) or creating a new product for an existing company. Perhaps you would want to do a product extension of an existing product. You might consider a different approach to marketing an existing service.

You can target consumers or businesses. You may choose a product or service offered by your employer or your own business, or one from another organization. Ultimately, to maximize your learning experience, choose a product or service in which you have an interest and about which you would like to see your product or service come to the marketplace. Make sure there is information available about the industry and target marketing of the product or service you choose. MARKETING PLAN TOPIC Your Name: Product or Service Idea:

SmartWater Is your product or service offered by: __X__an existing company? ____a new company imagined for the assignment? Explanation: Glaceua is the maker of smartwater, vitaminwater and vitaminwater zero. Who do you think is the target audience? (Remember you will need research to confirm this. ): Their main target are people who enjoy healthy food and are aware of what they are putting into their bodies. Customer’s buy Smart Water for “what’s not in it”, which is a major selling point for Glaceau.

Are similar or competitive products or services available? List or briefly describe a similar product or service: (If your idea has no precedent in the marketplace, consider another idea). Spring water is the direct competitor as it is less expensive and easily accessible since supermarket chains are now manufacturing their own brand of spring water. Also, there is still the competition of water fountains and water filters which are both used to this day. How will your product or service differ from competitors?

What is your distinctive competitive advantage? To distinguish their product from spring water, the company created the term “Smart Water” and bottled it in graphically appealing proprietary packaging under its trademarked brand name, Glaceau. Glaceau Smart Water has claimed its rightful place as having the lowest measurement of total dissolved solids (i. e. metals and minerals) of any water on the market. Do you have questions for your instructor? Do you feel I will have enough sources for this product.

Part per million Total Dissolved Solid Membrane area Pressure in the feed, retentate and permeate streams 1. Introduction The concepts of “osmosis” and “reverse osmosis” have been known for many years. Studies on osmosis were carried out as early as 1748 by the French scientist Nollet. Many researches reported on reverse osmosis system and desalination of seawater, Most of them using hollow fiber or spiral wound membrane in their research [1].

Effects of different operating parameters (feed water concentration, temperature, pressure and flow rate) on membrane performance were examined using RO system [2]. Sensitivity of different design parameters (internal diameter, total number of tubes) on the recovery ratio was also studied [3]. Besides predicting the performance of RO membrane, several models for mass transport in membrane have been developed such as solution-diffusion model, models from irreversible thermodynamics, etc. [4 and 5].

Simulation and optimization of various RO membrane, study on concentration polarization in RO system and many case study on existing plant was reported. Although many studies were conducted on reverse osmosis membrane, tubular membrane was rarely investigated. This study is aimed at investigating the tubular RO module. The performance of this membrane on different operating parameters has been examined and the best operating condition of RO system with the best permeate quality were utilised to produce drinking water from seawater. 2. Chemicals and Methods The feed stock for reverse osmosis system is the seawater.