Experience

The world is made up of many different people. Each of these individuals fall into a category, whether it be judged by their gender, the sports they play or the bands they listen to. For each different class, we have certain expectations for the people in them. The story, ‘The Great Leapfrog Race’ both reflects and challenges gender and class expectations. ‘The Great Leapfrog Race’, goes against the patriarchal western view that men are superior to women. The idea that men are the dominant force has been widely accepted in civilized cultures, and has only now, over the past couple of decades, has it been challenged.

In ‘The Great Leapfrog Race’, this is reflected when the female, Rosie, beats the male, Rex, in a game of leapfrog. It is repeated again when the author writes that ‘Rosie whipped every boy she fought’. This shows that she is the superior of the group, and so is the dominant force. However this does not mean that the boys accept it. The story reads that ‘it was very humiliating to be hurt by Rosie’, and so the reader assumes that these boys have been brought up with the patriarchal view that men are superior to women.

The gender expectations in this instance have been challenged by the story. The writer has written this story, presumably from his own experience. This would infer to the reader that he was brought up in a feministic environment. The general feeling of the story stands to prove this. Although we have no information on the author, the use of gaps and silences in which we make our own assumptions, lead the reader to believe that his own influences in growing up, have had some bearing on this story.

The author may have been brought up in a single sex home, most likely to be female; his father may have left when he was a child; or he may have been taught to treat females as equals through some other means. No matter how, it still shows the author reflects his experiences and his gender expectations into the story. There are three main classes in society. Upper class consists of kings and queens and other royalty such as presidents and sultans.

Middle class is composed of bureaucrats, and the working class is comprised of cleaners, labourers and other ”lower class citizens ‘. Each of these classes are defined by money, success, or job status. All of these different standards were invented by society to unofficially class everybody into their importance in the world. Rosie comes under the latter category of working class, as her father is a bricklayer. Another way that we recognise that she is working class is by the language used to describe Rosie.

In the first paragraph, she is said to be a ‘tough little Irish kid’ who ‘wore a turtle-neck sweater, usually red’. This suggest that she either did not care much for her appearance, or was used to going without pretty dresses and clothes that other children her age would like and normally wear but that her father could not afford. The story also says that they lived in ‘slum neighbourhood’s which are often portrayed as the beginning for much violence and crime. Society perceives children from working class families as being able to hold themselves, and being streetwise.

Kids from the slums learn from a young age that this is the sort of world they are going to live in for the rest of their lives. These are the children more likely to shoplift and break into houses because their parents’ jobs do not provide for them as well. Girls from these sort of neighbourhoods are expected to be dirty and impolite, whereas middle class girls would turn their nose up at such antics as playing ‘leapfrog’ and would much prefer play with their Barbie dolls than play with a group of filthy little boys.

It would be a contradiction of our class expectations for Rosie to be concerned over her appearance or how many kids Barbie and Ken have, because of her status as a working class girl. This story reflects societies views on class expectations of the working class, by letting Rosie be a tough little girl, not someone socially adept or worried over how long her nails were, but only interested in rough and tumble ‘tomboyish’ activities as is expected for working class girls. Rex Folger comes from a middle class family.

This is obvious from the first moment his character enters the story. The story states that ‘he was a natural born leader’, he had beaten all the boys in the neighbourhood ‘without any noticeable ill feeling, pride or ambition’, and he was also a ‘powerful and superior boy’. All these things suggest, as well as the fact that he was from Texas, one of the southern states of the USA, notorious for it’s uppity behaviour, that he is a middle class child. He has all the natural ability that a middle class child ‘should’ have.

Politeness was one of his strong points, even the other boys in the neighbourhood had to give him that much. After a fight started between Rex and Rosie, he declined to hit her as he was taught that hitting women was the equivalent of boxing his mother. That is another example in itself of him being middle class, as he said he was taught this rather than he believed it, which shows his educational ability off, at the same time as not really showing him his real feelings on the subject.

This story gives off a realistic picture of middle class society and what we expect of them, using Rex as a symbolic figure for the majority of the middle class. The female is seen as a lower class compared to the male as we established earlier. The patriarchal ideology is that males are dominant and logical whereas females should be timid, emotional and passive. In the story, the boys of the neighbourhood feel badly that Rosie is the one doing the dirty work so to speak and teaching Rex a lesson, when they believe that it is a mans duty to do such things.

The background of the reader influences whether you sympathise with Rosie or Rex in the story. The readers’ views on certain issues including women in politics and equal rights can have an impact on their reading of the story. By leaving gaps in the storyline, the person reading the story is left to make assumptions based on their knowledge and experiences and so each reader will most probably read the story differently, therefore, each person reading it will have their background somewhere influencing their thoughts on the subject.

This demonstrates how each person’s individual views reflect societies opinions through the story. ‘The Great Leapfrog Race’ is a very interesting story about a little Irish tomboy, working class child named Rosie Mahoney. It tells the story of a little girl who beats the new kid-on-the-block, big bully Rex Folger, in a game called leapfrog. But the story isn’t as simple as that. It also has a deeper meaning. It reflects society.

Societies attitudes towards different people, from different classes and genders. It challenges the patriarchal ideology by letting female triumph over male. It uses all sorts of techniques to make the reader see that not everything that society sets out in it’s unofficial guidelines are correct. Roles can be reversed and women can prevail over men in many circumstances. This story reflects as well as challenges society views on gender and class role expectations.

Analysis Donna’s Disappointment What are the main issues in the case? The main issue in the case is Donna’s abilities are not good enough and can support her to be a district manager. She is not ready for it, lack of self-awareness and other awareness are typical aspects of lack of individual ability. In the other hand, she also can recover quickly from her emotional experience and do some right choice for those experience. Why did this problems/losses occur?

This article represent a story related to Diana, a restaurant manager, who had been irking for the restaurant for 12 years, from a waitress to general manager, was hindered her promotion due to her poor emotional intelligence with here subordinate, Emotional Intelligence Is a part of abilities and related to the understanding and use of emotions that affect social functioning. Self-awareness, other awareness, emotion regulation and use of emotions are some parts of emotional regulation. Emotion ability is very important for people.

If one can easily understand others’ emotions and control self-emotion, It will helps him/her to get alone well very with his/her boss or subordinates. Diana applied for the position of district manager, and thinking that was a good time to get promoted. But things are unpredictable, the result disappointed her, her boss told her that she could not be promoted as the district manager position was given to her colleague, whom Diana had trained herself and had only been working with the company for 3 years.

Diana was so disappointed and cry bitterly, a 3-year hireling worker had been granted the position of district manager before her, a 12-year worker, she felt so suffer from injustice. Lack of Self-awareness After the first time Diana had not been promoted, she was told by her supervisor that she needed to work on her social skills with her staffs. During another visit from her boss, she suggested Diana to be more friendlier to her staffs. Diana should realize her poor social skills might be the high turnover in staffs she has been experiencing.

She had better to take the advice that her boss Julie gave to her about fostering stronger people skills. With these records of poor social skills and large turnover among staff at her restaurant, her boss would not let her In take charge of training ewe managers. 1 OFF Donna’s abilities is weak, not because of her working attitude and efficiency, but her lack of self-awareness and other awareness. Diana has showed on several occasions that she is very inflexible to her staff when it comes to company policies and procedures.

She working hard during these years and did a very good Job in in creasing sales and get many customers complaints. She had high standards for both herself and employees,and never think she should bend the ruled for anyone, no matter good employees or bad. She had very strict rules for employees and whoever an not complete, it’s the time for him to find a now Job. She never be friendly to her employees and makes her subordinates complains everywhere. Lack of Social-awareness Her boss, Julie has told her that her employees are call her “Ice maiden”.

Once Diana heard that, the most common reaction for her is to ask herself why they were thinking about her in such a sarcasm word. Diana should realize that she need to be chance and and be more friendlier, in order to set up a better working environment between her and her staffs. How to fix it? Emotional intelligence: Diana need to control her emotional well during her working experience, especially to her subordinates, in order to increase her emotional intelligence Diana can take some courses related to interpersonal skills, or writing down emotional experiences per week to aftertaste and reflect.

Self-awareness Diana should been more self aware and took the good advice during her work experience. She needs to improve her social skills with people immediately, may be she also need to learn how to communicate and work with others. Sometimes Diana might try to do some change in her way of management, don’t be that stubborn when owing her Job. She also need to aware that feedback from her customs and co- workers are very good for her to recognize herself in higher level, and fix it.

Conclusion and so what? In conclusion, Diana is a good manager but she is not ready for the promotion. Higher position means higher individual abilities. If Diana wants to walk further in her career, she need learn more about human resource management and social skills, she need to be more sociability and be good at listening to others’ advice. After improving herself, she would get the position that she need, but before that, she need to change her appearance.

Stuart hall talks about the crucial role of the “Third Cinemas” in promoting the Afro-Caribbean cultural identities, the Diaspora hybridity and difference. Hall argues that the role of the “Third Cinemas” is not simply to reflect what is already there; rather, their crucial role is to produce representations which constantly constitute the third world’s peoples as new subjects against their representations in the Western dominant regimes.

Their vocation is to allow us to see and recognize the different parts and histories of ourselves. They should provide us with new positions from which to speak about ourselves. Stuart Hall provides an analysis of cultural identities and what they stand for, their workings and underlying complexities and practices. Hall argues that cultural identities are never fixed or complete in any sense. They are not accomplished, already-there entities which are represented or projected through the new cultural practices.

Rather, they are productions which cannot exist outside the work of representation. They are problematic, highly contested sites and processes. Identities are social and cultural formations and constructions essentially subject to the differences of time and place. Then, when we speak of anything, as subjects, we are essentially positioned in time and space and more importantly in a certain culture. These subject positions are what Hall calls “the positions of enunciation” (222). Hall talks about cultural identity from two different, but related, perspectives.

First, he discusses cultural identity as a unifying element or as the shared cultural practices that hold a certain group of people together and second, he argues that as well as there are similarities, there are also differences within cultural identities. In the following paragraphs, we will discuss these two sides of cultural identities. In the first sense, cultural identity is held to be the historical cultural practices that held to be common among a group of people; it is what differentiates them from other groups and held them as of one origin, one common destiny.

In this sense, cultural identity refers to those cultural codes which are held to be unchangeable, fixed true practices. This underlying “oneness” or “one true self” is the essence, Hall argues, of “Carribeaness”, of the black Diaspora. It is this identity which should be discovered by the black Diaspora and subsequently, should be excavated and projected through the representations of the “Third Cinemas”. Here we would add that this collective identity is not only to be represented by the “Third Cinemas” but also by The Third Literature and through The Third Academia.

It is this sense of cultural identity which plays a critical role in eliciting a lot of postcolonial struggles. The act of discovering such identity is at the same time an act of re-shaping and rehabilitating, of re-claiming “the true self”. It is an act which goes beyond “the misery of today” to recover and reconstruct what colonization have distorted. Imaginative rediscovery plays a crucial role in restoring such identity.

The emergence of counter discourses (like feminist discourse, anti-racist discourse, anti-colonial discourse and so on) which tries to highlight and bring to the forth the “hidden histories” are an outcome of the creative force of such sense of cultural identity. Hall gives the example of Armet Francis photographs about the peoples from the “Black Triangle” which is considered as a visual attempt, an act of imaginary reunification of blacks which have been dispersed and fragmented across the African Diaspora. Another universal unifying element of blacks is the Jazz music.

It is an attempt to restore the black agent to his home “Africa”, to relocate him, symbolically, within his true essence: “Africanness”. Such counter discourses are resources of resistance which problematizes the Western regimes of scholarly and cinematic representations of blacks. The second side of cultural identity is related to the discontinuities and differences, to the historical ruptures within cultural identities. Cultural identity is not just a matter of the past, a past which have to be restored, but it is also a matter of the future.

It is a “matter of ‘becoming’ as well as of ‘being’” (225). In this sense cultural identities no longer signify an accomplished set of practices which is already there; they are subject to the “play” of history, power and culture. They are in constant transformation. Hall argues that it is this second sense of cultural identities which enable as to come to terms with “the traumatic character of the ‘colonial experience’. The Western representations of the black experiences and peoples are representations of the ‘play’ of power and knowledge.

Western categories of knowledge not only position us as ‘Other’ to the West but also makes as “experience ourselves as Others” (225). This colonial experience puts as in a dangerous position: it makes us ambivalent in our life, our needs, and our thought. This colonial experience had produced uprooted subjects, split between two words in an unidentified space.

This rootlessness, this lack of cultural identity which the colonial experience produces leads us to question the nature of cultural identity itself. In this sense it is never a fixed, shared entity. It is not one and for all” (226). It is not something which happens in the past but it is a process. What we told ourselves about our past is always constructed through “memory, fantasy, narrative and myth”.

Cultural identities are not essences but are ‘positionings’; they are constructed sites from which we speak about ourselves. Hall states that black Caribbean identities are shaped through two operative vectors: the vector of the continuity which is related to the past heritage and the vector the discontinuity which is the result of slavery, transportation and migration.

In this sense, it is the Western world that unifies the blacks as much as it cuts them, at the same time, from direct access to their past. This colonial effect on the Caribbean positions the different regions of the Caribbean archipelago as both the same and different simultaneously. In relation to the West, we are positioned in the periphery, one space, one fate and one destiny; but in relation to each other, we have different cultural identities.

These variations within cultural identities cannot be simply cinematically presented in simple binary oppositions as “past/present” or “them/us”. Drawing on the concept of “differance” which the French philosopher Jacque Derrida had developed, Hall explains that cultural identities which, generally, we think of as eternal and unified are instead, merely a temporary stabilization and arbitrary closure of meaning historically and culturally specific. Cultural identities are subject to the infinite nature of the semiosis of meanings and the endless supplementarity within those meanings.

The complexities of the Caribbean cultural identities can be partly understood if we relate it to the three ‘presences’ over the islands: “the presence Africaine”, “the presence Europeenne” and the “presence Americain”, the terra incognita. The presence Africaine is the space of the repressed. It is inscribed in every aspect of the Caribbean everyday life and it is the secret, hidden code by which Western texts are re-read. This is the live Africa from which “the Third Cinemas” and other representations should derive their materials.

The discontinuity and ruptures which are caused by slavery and transformation makes us aware of our “blackness”. It causes as to return back to our past to discover our real essence which unites us despite our differences. This process returning back enables the emergence of a ‘new Africa’ grounded on and necessarily connected to the symbolic ‘old Africa’. Our journey to the old Africa is an imaginative journey, a symbolic journey to the far past to make something of the present day Africa.

The presence Europeenne, on the other hand, has positioned us in the rims of the centre and inscribes in us a sense of ambivalence manifested in our attitudes of and identification with the West, going backward and forward from moments of refusal to moments of recognition. Finally, the Americain or the “New World presence” constitutes the battleground where different cultures from different parts of the world grapples and collide with each other, what Mary Louse Pratt calls a “contact zone”.

It is the ‘empty’ space, the third space or the space of no one. It is the place where the processes of creolizations, transformations, assimilations, syncretisms and displacements occur: It stands for the endless ways in which Caribbean people have been destined to ‘migrate’; it is the signifier of migration itself- of travelling, voyaging and return as fate, as destiny; of the Antillean as the prototype of the modern or postmodern New World nomad, continually moving between centre and periphery. 234) In this sense, the “New World presence”, the terra incognita, constitutes the very beginning of the Diaspora of the black presence, of diversity, hybridity, and difference.

It is an open symbolic space which is constantly producing and re-producing, a space of heterogeneity of constant newness and uniqueness. The rich past of sameness and difference, of shared spiritual and cultural habits on the one hand and of memories of ruptures and discontinuities_ slavery, migration, transformation…_ on the other hand constitute “the reservoir of our cinematic [and other] narratives”.

It is the real black Diaspora.

Reference:

• Rutherford, Jonathan. Identity, Community, Culture and Difference. Ed. London: Lawrence & Wishart Limited, 1990.[ 1 ].All the quotations stated in this work are taken from Stuart Hall’s article ‘Cultural Identity and Diaspora’ in Jonathan, Rutherford. Identity, Community, Culture and Difference. Ed. London: Lawrence & Wishart Limited, 1990. PP 222–237

Sex, Lies and Conversation; Why Is It So Hard for Men and Women to Talk to Each Other? Question- Is what Tannen says about men’s and women’s communication borne out by your experience? Explain.

Culture What Tannen says about women and men’s communication is true in some cases, but the way I see it, in my experience, as a kid growing up I tend to see my mother taking to my father but my father is sitting there just watching TV, like what Tannen said in the article “Men tend to talk more in public then women but they are less talkative when being home, honestly I tend to be like that to, as what Tannen explains the difference between the communication boys and girl is 100% accurate. Back in elementary school girl would go into their group and tell stories and all that girl stuff and the boys would go play with their group.

But when you look at its how culture presents the difference between sexes, growing up I believe kids were taught to play in a certain way for example girls play with girls and boys play with boys, growing up with this attached in our brain boy go out and do what boys do and girls to, so in a sense when men and women are trying to communicate there is a gap in the relationship, cause a reason for the wife to complain that the husband isn’t like probably because growing up he didn’t have to have talk things out and express how he feel.

Furthering your education can be a encouraging and discouraging decision; really when you have everyday life situations and experiences. Today’s average adult is working, taking care of children, and also dealing with unexpected life events and with all those things going on they continue to strive for success. Continuing education on top of all those responsibilities can add great stress, but It can be accomplished.

Myself has seen my mother raise children, work, and continue education. Her advice to me was to accomplish success in life with goal settings, vision, and mental preparation. Collegial (2004-2007), “Goal setting is the process of deciding on something you want, planning how to get it, and then working towards the objective”. The way to attain long term goals Is to to set short term goals first, which are more attainable In smaller steps.

Short term goals are Like stepping stones they are designed In smaller moderation to obtain the bigger picture, which is to accomplish the long term goal, which will lead to greater success. A person can set to achieve a short term goal within a short period of time from one day until one week, or even six months whether than a long term goal which can take years. You can see short term progression much greater than long term every time you accomplish a short term goal, a pat on the back Is in demand, and means that you are one step closer to your long term goal.

The funny thing about goal setting Is that you should always set long term goals first to give yourself a window, and to place goals in order of importance. You should always set long and short term meaningful goals Goal eating also involves maintaining specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and time targeted goals to become attainable. Discouragement will come along, but time management and goal setting will give you an outlook on your lives plan. Life is a lesson within Itself you have to start somewhere to end up somewhere.

Vision meaning the act or power of anticipating that which will or may come. Vision Is another technique required to become successful at furthering your education. Vision is an outlook that one has for themselves to see the future a pictures of Seibel future based plans which can be perceived mentally during dreams or life images. Vision is needed to stay focused and on track to become successful, and also the foundation for success, one must have vision to know there place In life or what attain the perceived images and dreams.

Vision is also needed to remain determined when life’s unexpected events arouse you can always go into your subconscious thoughts and remember your vision you have for yourself to continue your successful journey. Mental preparation is another technique helpful and needed to have a successful education experience. Mental preparation is very important for an adult who is continuing education, working , being a parent, and a spouse to help keep ones sanity and to accomplish having academic needs met.

Mental preparation can help one cope better with stress, the ability to separate, but not completely forget about life stresses. Practicing on how to focus on keeping what is important together at that present time. To prepare yourself for furthering education you have to put yourself on the top of list as number one proper rest, exercise, good eating habits re needed to stay healthy and have adequate mental awareness and energy to deal with the extra meal on your plate.

Good study habits and ample study time is needed to be successful in your furthering education, completing assignments early not waiting until the last minute to turn them in, which can lead to a major stresses. You have to make scheduled school days less stressful plan other activities on other day if possible, doing so will enhance your education, this will give you confidence, control, and mental energy in doing such strategies will lead to better education experience.

Personal responsibility is being accountable for your own decisions and actions, and having self respect for yourself and others to become successful. Having to maintain personal life, being in the work force, and continuing education can all be a bit much, but is attainable with determination, patience , support, and focus to become successful. All one needs is to have a vision of lives path, set goals to attain the vision “road blocks don’t mean failure, repeating goals make it stick” (The Numerous foundation, 1995-2013). Also mental preparation to make the furthering education experience much easier.

Relationships and experiences shape an individual’s sense of belonging Belonging means the idea of being part of something where you are accepted without compromise, conditions or limitations. Relationships with people around ones environment and experiences through one’s life have a strong connection to shape an Individual’s sense of belonging. The play Rainbows End by Jane Harrison demonstrates that relationships and experiences affect Individuals to shape their sense of belonging.

Relationship between females usually has a great Influence on shaping Individual’s sense of belonging. In the play, Rainbows End, It Is shown through contrasting Dolly and Errol. “But… A real home? A real home Is where there are people looking out for each other In this part, Dolly pauses for a moment In which punctuation is used to indicate that she is confused and disagree with Errol. While Errol thinks the ‘home’ is where he physically belongs, Dolly thinks the ‘home’ is where her family belongs together. This difference refers to their cultural background.

Aboriginals believe that they are all closely related so that they always have to be together. However, Whites are usually individualists who just care about their ‘own’ family thus; they haven’t had to consider the place where they belong. Dolly and Roll’s relationships with their own community has shaped their different perception about ‘home’. Furthermore, the play conveys that the sense of belonging can be divided by relationships people are involved. When Dolly goes to the Miss Moorland-separator Ball, she is the only person who is an Aborigine. Thieve cooking at us”, Dolly is an unwelcome guest in the Ball between Whites. Then Nancy, who is also a White, says “Love your dress, Dolly. Love your fabric [with a giggle]……. L thought we took them to the tip. ” sarcastically in a derogative tone. As the White is in higher status than the Aborigine, they used to isolate and discriminate them in Australia even though originally Aborigines were living in Australia. In the same way, Dolly was insulted by Nancy Just because she wasn’t belonging to the white but belongs to Aborigines.

The Rainbows End emphasizes that the relationship In group an have different sense of belonging to other groups and sometimes It does not get along together. An individual’s sense of belonging can also be affected by the experiences they have had. Nan has a strong desire to go back to her hometown as she was obliged by the White to leave her hometown. “They forced us to leave. Forced us to leave Counterargument. Our home. ” By repeating ‘forced us to leave’, Nan exposes her strong sense of resentment towards Whites. Nan’s sense of belonging Is reinforced through this experience.

The more she has got forced, the more she Is offensive about her family. Gladys used to admire the white society and had strong desire to fit in there. “… The QUEEN pulls her into a hug. The lights come back to reality. Gladys is holding a bunch of weeds. ” The weed is the symbol of poorness which is her reality. She had many daydreams. However, by experiencing the rejection from the bank manager, the blocked out from the Queen’s visit and the isolation from housing problem, she begins to realism that the Whites would not accept her; the Aborigines.

So she starts to approach to the reality and consider the way to change. We demand the right to make our own decisions. ” Finally, Gladys makes a speech in the petition, represents the development of indigenous voices. The experience has changed Gladys sense of belonging more respectfully. According to the relationship and experience, individuals can shape one’s sense of belonging. This is well demonstrated in the play, Rainbows End. Relationships can have an influence on shaping one’s sense of belonging and can be divided into each group. Also the experiences make changes or strengthen one’s sense of belonging.

Social needs Include the chance to meet new people and create a new social group, or simply the right to ‘brag’ to friends about the experiences one has undergone while using this product. Individual needs could Include the chance of gallon new knowledge gathered through the locations offered and a different experience. Wants, when backed by buying power, become known as demands (Armstrong, Adam, Denizen & Kettle, 2012). The wants for this product are shaped through a persona’s social background or even rich culture.

Its uniqueness also forces the shape of the want and the variation of the respective of a holiday which is achieved through this product promotes the demand. The organization shapes the demand by promoting the practices that can only been seen and experiences through the product. P Cruises do not simply offer one type of product. What they achieve through their market include a service, goods and an experience, which are used to satisfy the customer’s needs, wants and demands. The services that this organization offers include accommodation, meals, on-board entertainment, etc.

The company provides the essential requirements to achieve a unique experience which creates the idea of a cruise which is then seen as holiday. The availability of overseas ports promotes the want for this service. Thus, P&O Cruises are able to use experiences detailed through service as their product rather than having a physical good or product. Customer perceived value is the difference between the values the customer gains from owning and using a product and the costs of obtaining the product (Armstrong, Adam, Denizen & Kettle, 2012).

Media evaluation, personal knowledge and recommendations are all techniques which could be used to evaluate a product or service and then determine whether they outweigh their competitors in terms of value and satisfaction. Through the use of media reports, it is evident that P&O Cruises are continuing to grow as a corporation and are able to satisfy customers and consumers wants, needs and demands. Supporting this is the social media page ‘Backbone’ with over 250, 000 “likes” directed toward P&O Cruises.

An Important part of marketing Is the exchange, transactions and relationships sector. In large regards to how a company builds a profitable relationship with Its customers, It weighs heavily on this segment. The exchange process Is the act of obtaining a profit for the company In return for the service and experience the company offers. In P&O Cruiser’s case, It Is the exchange of a luxurious holiday for a set amount of money. The success of the exchange depends widely on the transaction process.

The transaction Is the marketing unit of measurement and involves the payment for the experiences offered by P Cruises companies and the like, depend on strong relationships with their consumers in order to succeed and create a healthy business. In maintaining and building a well- established relationship between P Cruises and the consumer, a strong positive relationship will result and a positive reputation will be created in favor of the company. In creating a long-term relationship, both sides will appreciate what is being offered.

The customer will enjoy the service offered again and again as they trust the company and the company will continue to receive profits. The final core marketing concept is the potential buyers of a product or service, markets. P Cruises target market varies widely. It can include individuals looking for an adventure, couples that want to develop their relationship, elders that have yet to experience the thrills offered in this service, families with money to spend on something that will entertain the younger generation and many more.

However, P Cruises do generally not advertise towards individuals who have limited time, money and/or interest in what is offered by the company. The five core marketing concepts are used to develop a successful company with going concern. P Cruises have evidently used these concepts during the business years and are now one of the leading cruise services offered. They have not marketed a physical good and have marketed their services and experiences successfully through the concepts of human needs, wants and demands; market offerings; value and satisfaction; exchanges, transactions and relationships; and market.