Tourism

Tourism industry is one of the most dynamic and fast developing sector which has a huge impact on economy. This sector is significantly effected by global economy therefore tourism and travelling also move downward in case of crisis in the financial circumstances. In this essay I would like to present some examples, how tourism has been effected by crisis in the main Arabic countries and Greece. Besides, it will be outined how airlines sector has been changed in the last five years.

In 2010, there was some critical point as disturbances and civil war in significant tourism destination such Egypt or Tunisia. These countries most considerable income comes from tourism but obviously lack of tourists can cause an economy crisis. Although these countries lost their visitors but other Eurasian countries (for instance Turkey) made profit because those tourist who prefer to visit that region choosen Turkish-Riviera which is safer than Arabic languague areas with similar conditions. However, Turkey made a profit by the the political crisis in Egypt.

Egypt’s neighbours – for example Libya and Israel – had loss too,since many tour operators had organised combined tours to these countries and that tours were cancelled, consequently the loss increased. By summer of 2012, the politics situation became stabled and some part of these regions got back their popularity especially the Red-sea coast and Sinai. Also, there are some difficulties in the Europien market. Between 2009-2012 Europe continued its struggle for surviving, mostly one of the main mediterranean destination, Greece.

The crisis has become deeper and painful. Tourism is incredibly important for Greece, for the main profit comes from tourism and catering consequently they can not loose this significant income. Due to crisis some advantages came up for the visitors. The economy situation has helped push down the value of the Euro, making to Greece relatively cheaper for Americans or other foreign visitors. In fact, some prices has been fallen such as hotel rooms and food due to crisis. As a result, number of the tourists is roughly the same.

According to Giorgos Mamalos press advisor of the Greek embassy said:” Greece is certainly going through a crisis, but this has no significant impact on security and tourism. ” Let us have a look on airlines. Airlines have an important impact on tourism and they have affect on each other. In the past few years some airlines have no choice to avoid to break down. Hungarian airlines (MALEV) was shuted down in this year after 60 years service. It was not a huge global airline but it kept a connection between Balkan and West-Europe and had flown over 33 countries.

Following their bankrupcy there is no more flight between these two region therefore tourism has strongly decreased. Also, many airline such as Kingfisher Airline, Delta Airline etc. exist, although they are suffering by financial problems, which has an effection for tourism industry. On the other hand, low-cost airlines such as Ryanair, take advantage on their competitors crisis and found new opportunities that generate strong competition on the aviation market. Notwithstanding, according to Bernd Hahn’s “A study on low cost carriers in Europe” essay the full-cost carriers do not loose to many clients because of low-cost airlines.

What is the reason why the low cost and high price airlines and travel agencies are not virtual competitors? I reckon, question is simple. Every customer has different needs. Those passangers that had previously travelled with traditional airlines and agencies and they had been satisfied with service, well, they will not change their habits – independently on prices. Those who can afford only lower budget but would like travelling and visiting other countries – these passengers will use low-cost airlines and cheap services.

It is not a simple „fare-competition” because both of them have a different level of service. Consequently these companies are not real rival. Yet, they have to keep an eye on each other because tourists financial circumstances, tourism and aviation market can change very quickly and they can win or lost customers. To sum up, in the past few years has been a global economy and political crisis which has affected on the tourism and airline industry. Importancy of low-cost airlines have been growing continuosly, which is an important trend.

It seems these industries have survived the crisises and some forecast shows that positive trend will be continuing in 2013, although the unstable economy situation always have a negative impact on the industry . Sources: What does the Greek economics mean for a visitor to Greece? (www. eturbonews. com )(David S. White) 2010 Restoring Egyptian Tourism from crisis to recovery (www. eturbonews. com) David Beirman 2011 Greece crisis has no impact on tourism, embassy in Rome, Giorgos Mamalos (www. ansamed. info) 2012 A study on low cost carriers in Europe, Bernd Hahn, Wuppertal Papers, No, 159, 2006

Weaknesses World’s largest environmental volunteer non-profit organization Pioneer of and “volunteer vacations” An efficient model A large choice of expeditions (89) Grants can be obtained by a multitude of sources No employee assigned to travel Adventure travesties growing segment of the tourism industry best adventure travel agency World savior organization Impact on improving the world’s environmental heathenishly results measuring the concerns of MONGO volunteers Decrease of volunteers numbers A large choice of expeditions (89)

Disconnect between Sales and Marketing and Research ( not able to achieve both relevance and profitability) A bad marketing communication for volunteers Revenues from retail projects declined since 1993 Hard to keep its volunteers Bad organization marketing resources Increase of prices Brand identity Decrease of number of expeditions offered 8% of membership Lack of loyalty Decrease of 85% of the revenue between 2007 and 2008 Opportunities Threats American agencies only support projects in the USA.

Partnerships (HASH) Positive brand image for partnerships% of membership Corporations which work tit Earthward in order to improve their own image Criticisms of the voluntarism in the mid asses Strengths Earthward is a powerful non-profit organization that supported since its creation over 3,000 research projects with $MM and over 100,000 volunteers. Another point is this MONGO was the first to develop the concept of “volunteer vacations”, so it had a huge advantage, indeed this model deploys researchers, and non- specialists who give contributions come and help at the expedition, in order to have a an unforgettable experience.

It is a win-win. Earthward attracts these volunteers hanks to its diverse services. In fact it counts 89 cases of expeditions worldwide: Brazier’s dolphins Costa Erica’s Monkeys soot analysis Apple By Automotive MONGO. They do not pay attention if they have an academy or not or if they are independents, which is different from others foundations like WFM which is very selective. Another strength could be that Earthward with its no assigned employee permitted to the Protocol Investigators having their own staff Adventure travel is an important positive strength for Reattach because it is a small niche of the tourism industry.

The launch of В« soft adventures В», which involved less physical involvement and limited danger was a real success for the Earthward company. Earthward has been seen as the В« fastest growing segment of the tourism industry В». Adventure travel brought to the company a significant market share, and it is not comparable to the many large В« do-it-all В» outfitters existed. In 2007, National Geographic Adventure identified the organization as the best adventure travel company in education and 6th best overall; this is a benefit for the brand image of the company.

Earthward answers all of the criteria (climate change, sustainability, oceans and biodiversity) to become a world savior organization like WFM, Greenback, Conservation International and the nature conservancy The impact on improving the world’s environmental heath gave two avenues, multiplier effect of volunteers (65000 volunteers in 37 years) and the scientific knowledge with research projects. We can see on the exhibit 6, that different criteria are pretty well marked. Weaknesses: We can observe on the exhibit 1, that the number of volunteers has decreased since 1993 (over 3000 in 1993 and approximately 1750 in 2008).

This is a bad point for the company, who has less workforce than in the past, so the work to do during expeditions is less efficient. Another weakness is that the foundation has a huge disconnect between Sales and Marketing and Research. In fact what Sales and Marketing are selling is different from what Research is proportioning for them to do. The marketing gave wrong information, and consequences were that Protocol investigators did not get experiences expected. We can see all these weaknesses had for consequences a decline of its revenues since 1993, and it cannot success to have ewe and keep volunteers.

Its marketing is a weakness too. 70% of its resources were expended on getting repeat business rather than acquiring new customers, but their prices increased so demand decreased due to the elasticity of the demand. In fact 1% increase resulted in a field rate decrease of 2%. Brand identity has a problem too; the science organization and engagement organization are never put together in the message of Earthward. So brand identity is not unified and will probably never be like WFM and Greenback with a household name.

With a decrease of expeditions offered volunteers decreased too, because the destination is the second one most important factor (after subject), for volunteers. On the exhibit 9, since 1996 less and less volunteers come back more than once. Opportunities Considering the opportunities we can notice that as American agencies only supports projects in the US so for the researchers who wants to do international field work it could be a good option for them. Partnerships are a great opportunity for Earthward. Effectively, grants, partnerships represent 57% of the revenue in 2007.

For example, HASH gave $MM during five years and 2,000 HASH employees were fielded as volunteers. In 2007, HASH gave again $MM for researches. Cataracts and Wells Fargo;Co are two large partners too. A research center was created sponsored teachers too. Cataracts lets the company think of changing the volunteers generally engaged by teacher and student who need to develop their experiences. It is a good way to change their brand image by focusing on the quantity of the customers and not the quality.

A big opportunity with membership, only 8% of avenues are membership, we have to develop this part to have more income. Threats Among the different threats we can say that the fact that certain corporations work only with Earthward in order to improve their image could have a significant impact because it means either rejecting the opportunity, or figuring out some way to improve the engagement and the nature of the work. The voluntarism had received criticisms during 2005, because it was accused of being money-making that profiting from tourists wanted “guilt” free holidays, and not for helping target communities.

Currently tourism – very promising and quickly developing field of economics. Now on volumes of revenue tourism in the third place in the world after the automotive and petroleum industries. But there is a forecast that in the coming years it will take a second or even first place. Also, it should be noted that in the tourism sector employs about half of the population of our planet. Therefore, I believe that tourism Is one of the most attractive areas of activity.

In our time, given all the advancements and technology, travel has become easy. And If we consider that the standard of living In our country Is growing, we can still say that tourism Is becoming more affordable for us. Personally, I was attracted by specialty tourism, because I believe that this work- combining business with pleasure. That Is, If I work In the travel agency, I will get the opportunity to more and more to develop, to learn about different parts of our planet,

I will certainly go to Info-tours at the expense the enterprise. If, for example, I work In a hotel, It Is a constant opportunity to communicate with new people, foreigners, with their culture. This is an opportunity to practice foreign languages. Jobs tour operator is also very interesting, as it implies a vast knowledge of geography, involves creativity. Make tours very interesting, because I can go to different countries.

In addition to all the benefits that I have listed, we should add that all this high-paying places. More accurate to say that everything will depend on myself. To succeed in the career of tourism, first need to have a aspiration and a great desire, you need to be in the mood for communication. Should also receive special education. One must be aware of all the news related to tourism. Attend conferences, participate in the communities to be active within the enterprise, and to invent something new.

Hawaii and Tourism “Hawaii is like no other place on earth” (Goshawks). Hawaii attracts many tourists per year because of Its history, geography, and entertainment This state is known for its many islands, volcanoes, and climate as well. When I think about Hawaii all imagine is standing on the beach overlooking the ocean getting hit with the nice warm breeze hearing laughter and seeing smiles. Since “Hawaii Is one of the most isolated places on Earth” It makes vacationing there completely stress and worry free, because you are far away from home and nothing n your mind but having a great vacation (Inner p. ). The state was founded by the Polynesians and it was also named by them. The word Hawaii in the Polynesian language meaner “Homeland” (Wisped). Having a name with such a powerful meaning says a lot about the state. I think It shows that anyone could look to Hawaii as their own homeland. Hawaii’s communication with Europe started when it was founded by two British Explorers (Wisped). James Cook and captain clerk were suppose to be searching for the Northwest Passage, and discovered the Hawaiian Islands on January 18, 1778 They then spent the majority of he year searching for the Northwest Passage.

When Cook had no luck, he abandoned his search and turned their ship south towards the islands. Cook and Clerk arrived in Hawaii between November of 1778 and January 1779 where they landed at Keelhaul Bay. Awaiting their arrival were thousands of excited natives. When Cook decided to leave the newly found island he found that the natives had stolen one of his ships. Cook proceeded to leave, however a few days later returned with marines to take the king hostage. The king had no objections to abandoning his Island and ongoing with Cook and the marines, however the fellow natives tried convincing the king not to go.

The attitudes of everyone quickly changed when word that a chief had been killed, not far up the Island. “The natives attacked and the marines fired back with guns and bayonets. The battle only lasted a few minutes but when it was over, Cook lay dead on the beach” (south-pole). Since the Europeans had now discovered the Islands It progressively grew until It became the fiftieth state to Join the U. S. “Hawaii’s tourism industry officially began in 1927. That year. The first luxury passenger ship, the S. S. Mallow, began voyages between San Francisco and the Islands” (En p. 34).

With the new ship making voyages It brought great new revenue to the islands. However, the world changed forever when the Japanese bombed the U. S. Navy that was stationed In Pearl Harbor, Hawaii on December 7th 1941. This attack made Americans weary tot the Japanese and soon the Japanese were singled out; to show how loyal they were to America they signed up to fight in World War II (Inner p. 3536). Things finally started looking up for Hawaii; on August 21, 1959 It was announced that Hawaii was now a part tot the united States tot America. The tourism coming into Hawaii was finally picking back up too (Inner p. 36).

The amount of tourism Hawaii sees Is constantly rising. As of September 2012 Hawaii has had 583,363 total visitors. Exactly one year ago in September tot 2011 Hawaii only and 553,187 total visitors, that’s a 5. 5% change over one year (Hawaii Tourism Authority). Many tourists go to Hawaii Just because of the history of the islands, however many go for the geography as well. “There are six major islands to visit in Hawaii: Kuaka, AAU, Monomial, Lana’, Mama, and Hawaii Island” (Goshawks). No matter which of the six ajar islands you are on; the weather is the roughly the same with very little changes throughout the year.

The fact that “tourists are attracted by Hawaii’s pleasant, sunny climate” makes Hawaii such a desirable place to vacation (Inner p. 13). Hawaii only has two seasons all year long summer, which ranges from May to October, and winter, which ranges from November to April. The temperatures in the summer range from a low of OFF to a high of OFF; in the winter the temperatures range from a low of OFF to a high of OFF (Goshawks). Many people think of the islands as Just an island, but they are not. The Hawaiian Islands are really tops of volcanic mountains. The Hawaiian islands were created when boiling lava surged upward through almost 2,000 miles of cracks in the floor of the Pacific Ocean” (Inner p. 8). When the hot lava met the mildly cold water it became hard. As the years progressed this happened more and more eventually causing it to appear above the water as an active volcanic island. It took many years for the Hawaiian Islands to actually get carved out into what it is today (Inner p. 8-9). Kuaka is one of the prettiest islands to visit from Hawaii. It is one of the top five largest islands to see and it will take your breath away.

This island is used to film movies that have major Jungles and beautiful beaches. Also this island is full of beautiful coconut trees (Inner p. 55). AAU is the closest island to Kuaka and is the home of Pearl Harbor. This island is known for its pineapples and coffee fields (Inner p. 56-57). This island is also home to the “Triple Crown of Surfing competition” which is held on the “beaches of Williwaw, Waianae Bay, Sunsets, Chukka, and other world-famous North Shore beaches” (Inner p. 57). This island is mostly sited to see the historical attributes that is offered here.

Monomial is the second closest island to Kuaka and is shaped like a shoe. This island is the fifth largest island in Hawaii (Inner p. 59). This island is the best island out of them all to have a lazy vacation. It is a “great place to go snorkeling or swimming or to enjoy a sightseeing tour, complete with the African wildlife” (Inner p. 60). The people that reside on this island are never in a hurry to do anything and are some of the nicest people you would ever meet (Inner p. 60). Lanai is the most self contained island of them all. It is the best island to go for peace and quiet.

The island only has two hotels and hardly anywhere to shop. This island only attracts tourists that want beautiful clear water and to see the beauty of the island. This island is best suited for big city tourists (Inner . 60). The island Mama is “actually two inactive volcanoes connected by an isthmus, or strip of land” (Inner p. 62). This island is perfect for tourists visit so they can see volcanoes. Also, this island has the best tour to see a whale shooting water out of its blowhole, which is absolutely an unforgettable sight (Inner p. 64). The last major island to visit is Hawaii itself.

This is the island that gave the state its name. This island is the largest of them all in fact “Hawaii is twice as big as the other islands added together” (Inner p. 64). This island is home to several volcanoes, including the most active one in the entire world, Killable. Watching this volcano erupt is absolutely breathtaking, but it is extremely dangerous. It has completely engulfed over two hundred homes and covered several beaches. The only g detect the volcanic eruptions have to this island is the fact that it is growing. “Its lava flows have added almost 600 acres of new land to the island’s coast since 1983” (Inner p. 5). This island in my opinion would be the best island to visit due to the fact it is the most breath taking island because of its scenery. I have never been to Hawaii but from the pictures I have seen I’m sure it is absolutely gorgeous. The last reason I feel Hawaii is such a great tourist spot is the entertainment and the enthusiasm of the state. Hawaii is home to the Luau and the Hula dance. Americans have parties with a Luau theme all the time. Luaus are “traditional native Hawaiian feasts” that are “held in nor of graduations, weddings, or a baby’s first birthday’ (Inner p. 7). The luau is now used as a theme for all kinds of parties whether it is a birthday or Just a get together. Americans have also adapted the “flower garlands, called leis” (Inner p. 4). The leis are the number one symbol that is best known in Hawaii (McCain p. 88). Whether you are in Hawaii or any state, when you see leis it automatically brings Hawaii to your mind. I see them garlands hanging on rear view mirrors in vehicles all the time. I also see this at the luau theme based parties. When tourists visit Hawaii here is always a Luau going on because it is such a popular event.

Another popular event for tourists to learn and experience while at the Luau is the Hula. The Hula dance was used during religious gatherings. “Both men and women learned to dance, but only men performed in the temples” (McCain p. 89). The dance is mostly made up of hip and hand movements, which make up the words of the song that is being played while the dance is performed. Many people still practice and study the Hawaiian culture and are always creating different ways to act out the symbols of the state (McCain p. 89-90). I know when I see someone on TV doing the Hula dance it brings the great state of Hawaii to mind.

In conclusion, the history, geography, and entertainment of Hawaii are what attract tourists to this state. The fact that the climate is always the same and that there is so much history to learn from the islands. While also gaining new ways to entertain is what makes this state amazing. From doing this research on the state has Just made me want to visit the islands even more then I did before. It has made me believe that Hawaii is the best vacation spot, no matter what time of the year. Works Cited Hawaii’s Official Tourism Site. Hawaii’s Official Tourism Site, 2012.

We planned the whole trip 1 month In advance, because we were going to stay only 1 week and we wanted to take the best out of our family vacation trip, I as Impatient to be there with my family, see my old friends, and we heard that the city had Improved a lot In Infrastructures such as new buildings, parks, elegant restaurants, new streets signs, and playground areas all around the city I couldn’t wait to see all that.

We took off early in the morning and I was feeling excited already. On the way, we would kill off time by playing the word game on the train. It is a usual routine for a long train ride. Hours later, we arrived to our hotel. They would not let me know which hotel we are staying to tease on my curiosity and excitement for this rip. I was happy and excited to finally find out that we are going to spend the night at Pineal Resort Nah Train.

We started to plan the trip and we decided to visit a few tourist places of Nah Train beach. First we planned to go to the island, which Is one most famous called Bird island, which Is known for the bird nest In danger of extinction found In that Island. My mom wanted to go to Hon. Mum Island to see the black rocks Like people In there Introduced, so we decided to go there as well. On the way we went, we tried lots of food in there such as Ban can chaw ca, Men chug

Penetration is acquire new household or customer although can divided by to term, category and brand. Mix is to trade up to premium products. Last requirements to increase of share of requirements and growth category requirements. Brand Growth Strategies More Stuff More People More Money More Often Expansion Penetration MIX Requirement Expand to new domain Acquire new outside current householder or category customer -Category -Brand Trade up to premium product -Increase share of requirements – Expansion is to attract new user of brand, not include line extension or variants of current products.

Using when the category growth maturing, unmet needs, and benefits transferable to another category. – Penetration can include line extension or variant of current product can separate by two parts. First category penetration are more people using category; using when low of category development, gain frost mover advantage, and opportunity to motivate to meet the needs also new channels opportunity. Second brand penetration are more people using brand at least one in category; using when developed category or rejected brand out of date, opportunity or adoption or point of entry. Mix can include line extension or variant of current product using when brand being dominant, opportunity for current consumer spend more money to purchases. – Requirement can include line extension or variant of current product can separate by two part. First category requirement for developing new user, make more chance for brand to meet other needs. Second share of requirement(SORE) to stealing current chance from direct competitor. Integrate Marketing Planning (IMP)

IMP is process helps you to produce a commercial program in more efficient way of managing marketing communication activities that center around an idea, which create behavior changing to meet commercial objective How to apply to my group project? Our group project is Sky wife smart pen so libraries smart pen which are innovative device include function that support you to record audio transfer information via wife access to your smart phone or laptop, also can send your writing information too.

As guest speaker say our group project will apply libraries pen “to sell” we can expand more stuff not specific with pen to attract interest of consumer, selling product for more people to explain overall of our products functional and usage for people who don’t know by doing marketing, more money absolutely all of business need more money so company can upgrade quality of products and increasing price when products quality meet demand of consumer, more often by integrate new buyer to known exactly value of product of company and promote good appearance of product before competitor.

The development of hospitality industry requires a continuous learning cycle where key players develop the attitude of always seeking for new opportunities ahead. The market is ever changing so are the minds of the people, as evidenced by the changing demands of the market. One must realize that one can not dictate what the market wants; one can always predict what the future demand may bring. But one can influence what can happen and what can be fully tapped to realize projected visions for the future.

Since the hospitality sector is labor-intensive and resistant to the automation and downsizing characteristic of other industries such as manufacturing, retailing, agriculture, the hospitality industry is most sensitive to a bigger range of external and internal factors which threatens its very survival at time. Critical to this when it comes to the hospitality industry is recruitment and retention of employees. The recruitment and retention phenomenon are important because of the increased diversity as well as the imbalance between skilled and unskilled labor.

Also included here are the nonexistent benefits, such as health insurance, profit sharing and retirement benefits. Sometimes, management strategies can also be counterproductive and does not give the proper employee incentive so that these employees will strive for achievement. The hospitality industry needs to make known that they are able to create a better awareness among the public on the diversity of their employ. Stephen Robbins contends that managers’ technical proficiency in their area of expertise is not enough to ensure the manager’s success in attaining desired results for the employees.

To become more effective, managers should not only focus on improving their technical ingenuity but should also familiarize themselves with other skills – conceptual skill, people skill, and psychology. Due to the nature of a managers’ job which requires decision-making, one of the skills which they should have is the conceptual skill (Robbins, 2005). Since managers are mostly dealing with their subordinates and colleagues, developing the people skills in the hospitality industry to interact, to encourage, and to designate is crucial (Robbins, 2005).

Lastly, having background on psychology can assist the managers in determining factors and devising frameworks in achieving job satisfaction and productivity in the workplace. Human Resource needs of typical organizations Proper record keeping is a must for every organization, and one of the vital information which all companies should properly and securely keep and maintain is employees’ records. This can be done via maintaining a personnel file (Truesdell, 2004). Managers use personnel file to find or scan biographical data of their employee. It can help the managers in an employee’s assessment.

According to the Office of the Human Resources of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, the following are the Impact of employment law The image of hotel occupations as reputable and professional employers needs to be ensured by the combination of government policy and industry association campaigns and HRM practices appropriate to the social circumstances. These hotel managers must operationalize the imperatives which include the definition of service product and the production processes so that there will be appropriate HRM systems that will retain, attract and reward professional service providers.

The role of professional bodies Hospitality management face risks, as the industry itself is evolving in form and direction. New tourism, such as eco-tourism and mass tourism lead to massive impacts too. Hospitality managers and owners must realize how their industry impacts the political, social, cultural and environmental surroundings of their local communities, thus must be sensitive and responsive to necessary planning, representation and implementation procedures that will prevent ill effects on these sociological components.

In tourism and hospital management, owners and manager, even the local, national government and professional bodies need to think of the tourists’ concerns and issues. Now is the time to dwell on issues on the other side of the fence, the issues and concerns of local communities who offer tourism and hospitality services. The hospitality industry is not just about foreigners or local tourists. It is also about building positive and life-affirming relationships between different cultures and ethnic origins.

Conclusion Indeed, decision-making especially in the area of Customer service recovery in the hospitality industry is crucial because this “is vital to maintaining customer and employee satisfaction and loyalty, which contribute significantly to a company’s revenues and profitability” [Tax and Brown, 1998, para 1]. Service recovery is about a company learning from a service failure, or turning service failures into opportunities to improve performance.

If service providers will learn the service encounter cyclical model, a manager may get some tips when is the best time to do service recovery strategies. Service recovery strategies are necessary to “recapture a customer following a dissatisfying experience by resolving problems. The key to service recovery is speed” [Spake, 2005, p. 12].

References

1. Bianchi, R. (2002). “Conceptualising the relations of place and power in tourism development. ” Tourism, Culture and Communication. New York: Cognizant Communication Corporation. http://rphrm.curtin.edu.au/2000/issue1/rim.html